The CUTE Project in STCP

STCP

The CUTE project in STCP

Rocha Teixeira

STCP’s STC P’s Sho Short rt his histor tory y

Rocha Teixeira

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1872 18 72 –First –First line line wit withh Amer Americ ican an ca cars rs

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1878 18 78 – Us Usee of of ste steam am po powe werr tra tract ctio ionn

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1895 18 95 – 1ª lin linee with with elec electri tric tramwa tramwayy in all all Iberi Iberian an Peni Penins nsula ula

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1904 19 04 – En Endd of of anim animal al tr trac actition on

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1914 19 14 – En Endd of of ste steam am tr trac actition on

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1948 19 48 – Be Begi ginn of of bus buses es ut utililiz izat atio ionn

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1959 19 59 – Beg Begin in of tro trolley lley bus buses es uti utiliz lizati ation on

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2000 20 00 – Be Begi ginn of of CNG CNG buse busess util utiliz izat atio ionn

•

2003 20 03 – Te Test st of Fu Fuel el Ce Cellll bu buse sess

STCP

Porto Metropolitan Area Total Population 1,256 (103)

Demography: PÓVOA DO VARZIM

inhabitants/Ha ]0,10] ]10,30] ]30,60] ]60,100] >100

VILA DO CONDE

MAIA

MATOSINHOS VALONGO

PORTO GONDOMAR GAIA

ESPINHO

The Company in Figures Activity PASSENGERS

109 million VEHICLE-KILOMETRES TRAVELLED

30 million NET REVENUE FROM TRAFFIC

46.7 million Euros

Rocha Teixeira

STCP

The Company in Figures Network AREA COVERED

NETWORK KM STOPS NUMBER OF LINES Buses Trams

6 52

Councils Communities

533 2,712 83 80 3

The Company in Figures Resources NUMBER OF VEHICLES Buses Trams TOTAL STAFF AT DECEMBER 31ST, 2007 EQUITY CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

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501 493 8

1,645 79.6

million Euros

25

millllio mi ionn Euros

STCP

The Company in Figures Bus Fleet Bus Bu s fflee leett - 493 Standard Stand ard buses buses - 463 (225 CNG CNG buses) buses) Articulat Art iculated ed buses - 30 (CNG buses) buses)

Annual diesel consumption - 6,9 million million litres litres (2007) Annuall NG consum Annua consumption ption - 9,1 millio million n m³ (2007)

Clean Urban Transport for Europe

The use of hydrogen The CUTE project

COFUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Rocha Teixeira

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Why – CUTE: Needs for the Fuel Cell Technology









Lack of field experience with fuel cell systems and electric engines in mobile applications Operability of on-site hydrogen production facilities and referring high pressure filling stations Country specific certification of fuel cell systems and high pressure hydrogen storage systems Acceptance tests of the new technology and of hydrogen as a fuel

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Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport.

CUTE Public transportation: Stockholm London Amsterdam Luxembourg Hamburg Stuttgart Porto Barcelona Madrid

ECTOS



Icelandic New Energy  EU  Shell,  NorskHydro  DC/EvoBus many more  and many 

EU BP, Shell, ...  DC/EvoBus  and many more  

Each city is operating three Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro COFUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Rocha Teixeira

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STCP


Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport. tr ansport.

Beijing FC Trial

CUTE

STEP 

Western Australian Government  BP, BOC  Path Transit  DC/EvoBus  and many more 

CICETE/MOST  UNDP  BP  DC/EvoBus  and many more 

ECTOS

9 Public

Icelandic New Energy  EU  Shell,  NorskHydro  DC/EvoBus  and many more 

transportation agencies

BP, Shell, ... DC/EvoBus  and many more  

Beijing Perth

Each city is operating three Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro DGTT



The CUTE partners companies

Ballard Power Systems GVB Amsterdam TMB Barcelona

Busslink

bp

EvoBus

DaimlerChrysler

EvoBus HHA Hamburg

EMT Madrid

London Transport

AVL Luxembourg

First Group

Gas Natural

Environment & Health Protection agency

Shell Hydrogen

Hamburger Elektrizitätswerke Air Liquide

Norsk Hydro INE Reykjavik

SL Stockholm

STCP Porto

Milieudienst Amsterdam

SSB Stuttgart


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Xcellsis

Fortum Neckarwerke Stuttgart

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Hydrogen Supply Pathways in CUTE, ECTOS and STEP

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Time Schedule: CUTE / ECTOS and STEP Decision about main capital invest (infrastructure, buses)

Delivery 1st. FC Citaro UITP Congress, Madrid

Integration of FC in Citaro

Delivery 3 FC Citaro to Western Australia

18 Month FC-Tests

Contract Signature

End Europe

Test bus FCEAssembly

Assembly

End STEP

Delivery

Demonstration phase

H2 generation & filling station ECDecision I

II

III

2001

IV

I

II

III

20 02

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

20 03


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II

III

20 04

IV

I

II

III

IV

2005

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I

II

20 06

III

IV

STCP

Fuel Cell Principles


H2 - Hy Hydrog drogen en

t y s l a a t C a

Anode(-)

Steam

Cathode(+) Electrons Protons O2

O2 Oxygen

H2O

H2

Catalyst Electrolyt (PEM Slide)

H2 + 1/2 O2

->

H2O + Heat + Electric power


Citaro Fuel Cell Bus Technical Design

Dynetek Composite Hydrogen Tanks (350 Bar, 40 kg H2, Al-Liner, Carbon Fibre) ZF Automatic Transmission

Clean Urban Transport for Europe Ballard Fuel Cell Supply Unit Ballard Fuel Cell Modules (> 125 kW fc gross power each) Modine Convection Cooler Unit Webasto Air Condition Unit

Rouland Electric Motor

DaimlerChrysler PTU distribution gearcase


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Auxiliary Components Saminco Power Inverter, etc. DGTT

STCP


One of each city‘s fuel cell bus


Porto fuel cell bus


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Porto

Natural Gas Bus

Fuel Cell Bus

Diesel Euro 3 bus DGTT



Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL KILOMETERS

7%

6%

4%

17%

11%

14%

9% 13%

14%

5%

Madrid Hamburg Barcelona Reykjavik Stuttgart Luxembourg Amsterdam Stockholm Porto London

Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL HOURS

6%

7%

20%

9% 8%

10% 9%

13%

11%

7%

Madrid Hamburg Barcelona Reykjavik Stuttgart Luxembourg Amsterdam Stockholm Porto London


Rocha Teixeira

site

km/h (per bus)

Amsterdam Barcelona Hamburg London Luxembourg Madrid Porto Reykjavik Stockholm Stuttgart

18 , 7 10 , 3 16 . 9 10 . 3 13 , 6 11 , 0 9, 5 16 , 3 9, 8 13 , 2 DGTT

STCP


Survey by the cities

Monthly mileage per bus 2500 m K

2000

1500

1000

500

0

BAR

PO R

MAD

LO N

LUX

HAM City

AVE

STO

REY

ST U

AMS

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Feedback from the public

Amst Am sterd erdam am Bar Barcel celona ona Hamburg Hamburg Stockho Stockholm lm

Madri Mad rid d

Stutt St uttgar gartt

London Lon don

Luxemb Lux embour ourg g

Porto Por to

buses bu ses in oper operati ation on sin since ce

14-121412-2003 2003 2424-1111-200 2003 3 1616-0909-200 2003 3 0707-0101-200 2004 4 19.06. 19.06./0 /07. 7. 05-1 05-111-20 2003 03 13-0 13-011-20 2004 04 Octo Octobe berr '03 '03 0404-02 02-2 -200 004 4 08./01.10. 03 passengers satisfied with very well very well quite well very well very well very well very well very well very well buses feedback from local ambivalent very rather very rather from rather very posi tive rather very well media positive positive positive positive negative to positive very positive feedback from opinion leaders and decision makers

hardly any yet

posi tive

rather positive

very hardly any if any, rather very posi tive positive yet positive

rather positive

very positive

On a “good” day up to 10.000 passengers passengers drive on the 33 Fuel Cell Citaro


Rocha Teixeira

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Experiences with H 2 Infrastructure (I)

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steam reformers displayed considerable start-up problems; were expected because these are both prototypes; problems overcome meanwhile



several issues with compressors of various suppliers and types;



most serious: perforation of of a diaphragm and dilution dilution of bus gas cylinders



refuelling algorithms had to be fine-tuned at several sites (software / parameter adjustments)

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Experiences with H2 Infrastructure (II)

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problems with the refuelling nozzles; sorted out in co-operation with the component manufacturer operators are on the whole satisfied with their hydrogen supply installations (despite problems at single sites) difficulties that have occurred so far mainly considered as “teething problems”

operators are satisfied with hydrogen-related adaptations of the workshops


Rocha Teixeira

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3.5

H2 supply performance

3

2.5 s g n i t a r

2

1.5

1

0.5 AM S EL EC EC

LU X T RA RAI

PO R T RA RAI ST U GASR

AVE

HAM EL ELEC

PER TR TR AI

REY EL ELEC ST O ELEC M AD GA GASR

supply system Engineers' Engineers' comp competence etence

Speed of of trouble trouble shooting shooting and solving solving

Reliability l ity

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3

Filling station reliability 2.5

s g n i t a r

2

1.5

1

0.5 AMS

LUX

POR

ST U

AVE

HAM


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PER

ST O

LO N

M AD

REY

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Porto STCP line

Alenquer LINDE Factory


Essential parts of the GH2-Fillingstation

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Bundle-Filling Hydrogen e.g: Trailer,

Hydrogen storage

Steam-Reformer,

300 bar H2-Compressor 150 - 300 m3 /h

Elektrolyzer

300 bar Bufferbundle 300 bar

H2 7 - 20 bar 7-20 bar 150 - 300 m3 / h

Dispenser


Rocha Teixeira

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STCP


Hydrogen-Fi Hydrogen-Filling High-Booster lling by Bundle Buoperation ndle (250 - 300 bar) H2 by e.g.: Trailer,

250 - 300 bar bar

Steam-Reformer,

~ 3000 m3 /h

Elekrtolyzer

300 bar

Booster-Operation 150 - 300 m3 /h H2 7 - 20 bar 7 - 20 bar bar 150 - 300 m3 /h

438 bar, 85°C = 350 bar, 15°C

250 - 300 bar bar

438 bar

250 - 300 bar bar ~ 3000 m3 /h

max 85 °C


Porto filling station


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Summary / Outlook

• The Fuel Fuel Cell Citaro Citaro receives receives a very very positive positive feed feed back from both both the transport companies and the passengers • Initial problems problems with with some vehicle vehicle compone components nts have have been solved solved • The Fuel Fuel Cell stacks stacks showed showed very high reliabil reliability ity • Decentralis Decentralised ed hydrogen hydrogen productio productionn facilities facilities have have to be improved improved (cheaper and more reliable) and the high pressure refuelling station need to be further developed • “Prepare “Prepare the administr administration/c ation/certi ertificatio ficationn bodies for for the hydrogen hydrogen technology” • The complete complete power power train of of alternative alternative driven driven vehicles vehicles still needs needs substantial substantial efforts efforts to gain equival equivalent ent „automotive „automotive reliability reliability““ like actual Diesel driven vehicles COFUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

The CUTE, ECTOS and STEP Team


Rocha Teixeira

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For more information about the CUTE project Visit our Web-Site:

www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com

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Thank you for your attention !

[email protected] COFUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Rocha Teixeira

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The CUTE Project in STCP

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