@aws f`fiysls Jfo ravafis wkft ls eliil`b H^
Kafitk @aw KLS hrub f bfja mkf`bar?
Dusl`ass Tatkl`el`b df` o` ljport`b usah mfrs
Lssua @o. 14> Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
Mfcì Gfvfs hailbkts @flrodl
Qsks 1,>>>,Esks 4>>, TwC 6,1>>, ]H^ ;
Jusava`l kf`h l` Fjo`bl smf`hfi ^roparty brfddl`b jl`lstar kf`hil`b dlbbar hafis cor ^raslha`t
www.l`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub
]tf ] tfy y L`corjah Our o`il`a piftcorjs kfva iljltiass possldliltlas www.l`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub NQbL`hapa`ha`t Xka L`hapa`ha`t jfbfzl`a
L`hapa`ha`t ^udilmftlo`s Iljltah, ^iot ;4/;8, Ef`goeyf ]traat, ^. O. Dox ==>8, Efjpfif, Qbf`hf Xai7 +413-=64-3=2-=<6/ 4/ =/ 8 | Cfx7 +413-=64-3=2-=<3 | A-jfli7 ahltorlfiNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub, fhvartlsl`bNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub, mlrmuiftlo`Nl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub Radslta7 www.l`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub
L@DO[
Lssua @o. 14> Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6; @aws f`fiysls
Dusl`ass
Kafitk
Frts
Jotorl`b
Movar story
Jusava`l“s kf`h l` Fjo`bl if`hs sfbf Xfl`tah jl`lstar kf`hil`b dlb hafis cor ^raslha`t 8
Xka Raae
=6 Mojja`ts
Q@ dofrh fssassas dohy“s wore l` Qbf`hf
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Raf`l`b Fcrlmf` iafhars o powar7 Hajomrfmy croj daiow mouih da tka f`tlhota to fhhlmtlo` to powar dy iafhars wko racusa to iafva oma
Xka Ifst Rorh
Fcrlmf“s `aah cor jasslfks 7 L`slha our dailac tkft tka sfivftlo` oc our `ftlo`s wlii moja croj tka fmtlo`s oc o`a braft jf` 63
=8
@aw KLS hrub f bfja mkf`bar?7 XIH to da fvflifdia l` Guiy dut axparts wfr` oc sustfl`fdlilty oc suppiy f`h ifme oc sa`sltlzftlo`
F`fiysls Jfo ravafis wkft ls eliil`b H^7 Dut wlii dlb youtk wl`b ravlvfi jaatl`b sfva lt?
=1 4>
Dusl`ass Tatkl`el`b df` o` ljportl`b usah mfrs7 Bov“t mouih iosa `afriy ]ks4>>d` f``ufiiy5 tkousf`hs oc gods ft rlse
]XTFXAB\ & AHLXOTLFI HLTAMXOT7 F`hra F`hraw w J. Jwa`hf Jwa`hf JF@FBL@B AHLXOT7 AHLXOT7 Gosapk Rara L@SA]XLBFXLO@] AHLXOT7 Kfbbfl AHLXOT7 Kfbbfl Jftsleo DQ]L@A]] AHLXOT7 Lsffm Eklsf ^KOXOBTF^KAT7 Gljjy ]lyf
Kafitk
Frts & Muitura Klhha` jassfbas l` Efjpfif“s sma`ary7 Rkft Milorh Elduuef“s moiourcui kuas ravafi fdout sou`h oc tka mlty
RTLXAT]7To`fih RTLXAT]7 To`fih Jusoea, Cifvlf @fssfef, Lf` Eftusllja, Fb`as @f`tf @f`tfdf, df, Guilus Guilus Dusl`ba. `ba. HA]LB@/IF\OQX7 ]frfk HA]LB@/IF\OQX7 ]frfk @bororf`o MFTXOO@L]X7 Kfrrlat Gfjwf
^QDIL]KAT7 L`hapa`ha`t ^udilmftlo`s Iljltah, ^iot ;4/;8, Ef`goeyf ]traat, ^. O. Dox ==>8, Efjpfif, Qbf`hf Xai7 +413-=64-3=2-=<6 +413-=64-3=2-=<6// 4/ =/ 8 | Cfx7 +413-=64-3=2-=<3 +413-=64-3=2-=<3 A-jfli7 ahltorNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub ahltorNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub | fhvartlsl`bNl`hapa`ha`t. fhvartlsl`bNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub mo.ub mlrmuiftlo`Nl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub | Radslta7 www.l`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub 4
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
OCCIL@A
Crf`e Xujwadfza, Xujwadfza, Jl`lstar cor L`corjftlo` Xamk`oioby f`h Mojju`lmftlo`s muttl`b tka tfpa hurl`b tka mojjlsslo`l`b oc tka =B fccorhfdia drofhdf`h mo``amtlvlty to two mojju`ltlas oc Ducu`hl l` Tudf`hf f`h Eldueu l` @toroeo @toroeo.. L@HA^A@HA@X/GLJJ\ ]L\F
^raslha`t Jusava`l, fctar jaatl`b jajdars oc tka t ka L`tar-Tailblous Mou`mli oc Qbf`hf, ft ]tfta Kousa A`tadda o` Jfy =. Jusava`l mojja`hah Efjpfif Frmkdlskop Tav. Tav. Hr. Hr. Myprlf` Elzlto Iwf`bf cor astfdilskl`b tka Raeajda broup l` Iuwaro Hlstrlmt u`har f johai oc f ]FMMO.
’Xkay UAMZ gust bo f`h axtrfmt l`corjftlo` croj @LTF so wa fseah tkaj wkatkar tkay fra coiiowl`b tka ifw or `ot damfusa tkara fra paopia wko rablstar cor mltlza`sklp f`h tkay fra `ot l`tarastah l` aiamtlo`s ft fii.‚ ]ajuggu fii.‚ ]ajuggu @bf`hf, CHM spoeasparso` fctar tka pfrty kaih tfies wltk AM
Hf`lsk Fjdfssfhor to Qbf`hf Joba`s ^aharsa`, (T) wltk tka axamutlva hlramtor Qbf`hf Jahlf Ma`tra Ocwo`o Opo`ho, (J) f`h tka Mkflrparso` Qbf`hf Kujf` Tlbkts Mojjlsslo` Jahl Efbbwf hurl`b tka Rorih ^rass Craahoj Hfy ft Tfliwfy Brou`hs o` Jfy =. L@HA^A@HA@X/GLJJ\ ]L\F
2
Mklihra` eliiah dy strf`ba lii`ass l` Jfifdf, Xororo hlstrlmt hls trlmt
’L wf`tah to drl`b Mudf` homtors damfusa ours dakfvah vary dfhiy f`h u`procasslo`fiiy. Xkay stfrtah strlel`b, l`mltah otkar homtors f`h iact our pftla`ts to hla.‚^raslha`t hla.‚^raslha`t Jusava`l
68
^kfrjfmlas miosah dy @ftlo`fi Hrub Futkorlty Futkorlty cor oparftl`b wltkout 4>6; ilma`sas
’@odohy wko cfliah wlii avar corma kljsaic or karsaic o`to f`y brfhuftlo` ilst oc IHM. Ava` mourts oc ifw wlii `avar projpt us to mojprojlsa our stf`hfrhs.‚Gustlma stf`hfrhs.‚ Gustlma ]taiif Frfmk-Fjoeo, Ifw Havaiopja`t Ma`tra (IHM) jf`fbaja`t mojjlttaa Mkflrparso`
662
Qbf`hf“s posltlo` o` tka Rorih ^rass Craahoj L`hax 4>6; fctar hroppl`b 1 pifmas Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
=
RAAE
Q@ dofrh fssassas dohy“s wore l` Qbf`hf O` Jfy >1, tka Axamutlva Dofrh oc tka Q`ltah @ftlo`s (Q@) jat ^raslha`t Jusava`l ft ]tfta Kousa l` A`tadda to fssass kow tka L`tar`ftlo`fi Dohy“s wore ls ljpfmtl`b tka mou`try l` tarjs oc fmklavl`b lts havaiopja`t raiftah tfrbats. Jusava`l toih tka haiabftlo` tkft Qbf`hf“s f`h Fcrlmf“s trf`scorjftlo` gour`a gou r`ay y kfs kfs a`m a`mou` ou`tar tarah ah f iot oc doia`ames sumk fs
lhaoioblmfi hlsorla`tftlo`, crfbja`tftlo` oc jfreats tkft ho `ot frfmt dlb l`vastja`ts f`h kostlilty to tka prlvfta samtor dy pfst rabljas, fjo`b otkars f`h tkaracora mfiiah upo` Q@ fba`mlas to comus o` cu`hl`b mrumlfi frafs sumk fs aiamtrlmlty ba`arftlo` tkft wlii rasuit l` l`hustrlfilzftlo` f`h bal`b paopia out oc watif`hs, fjo`b otkars. Xka Q`ltah @ftlo`s Taslha`t Moorhl`ftor
f`h Q@H^ Taprasa`tftlva l` Qbf`hf, Js. Tosf Jfif`bo, iah tka =1 jajdar-stro`b Haiabftlo` oc tka Axamutlva Dofrhs oc tka Q`ltah @ftlo`s Havaiopja`t ^robrfjja, Q`ltah @ftlo`s ^opuiftlo` Cu`h, Q`ltah @ftlo`s Oma cor ^rogamt ]arvlmas, Q`ltah @ftlo`s“ Mklihra`“s Cu`h, Rorih Cooh ^robrfjja f`h Q@-Roja`.
Q@ Taslha`t Moorhl`ftor Tosf Jfif`bo (l` ciorfi hrass) fctar tka Q@ Dofrh jaatl`b wltk tka ^raslha`t ft ]tfta Kousa
Eltfttf mkfiia`bas trlfi ft frjy mourt Fdhfiifk Eltff, tka iafhar oc tka Dohf Dohf 4>6> o` Jfy >8 patltlo`ah tka mrljl`fi hlvlslo` oc tka klbk mourt mkfiia`bl`b kls trlfi ft tka frjy mourt l` Jfel`hya. L` kls sult, Eltftf L` kls sult, Eltff wf`ts mourt to hamifra tkft kls trlfi liiabfi. ’L fj f mlvlilf` f`h, tkaracora, jy trlfi ft Ba`arfi Mourt Jfrtlfi ls
hacamtlva, liiabfi l` ifw, u`ifwcui, pra-ajptlva f`h usurpah tka powars oc tka jl`lstar u`har tka Clrafrjs Fmt, Mfp. 4<< to hatarjl`a tka fjju`ltlo`s oc wfr tkarady vloiftl`b tka Mo`stltutlo` dy praslhl`b ovar `o`-axlsta`t mkfrbas,‚ ka frbuas tkft fs f mlvlilf` ka skouih kfva daa` prosamutah
altkar ft f jfblstrfta“s mourt or klbk mourt dut kls piafs kfva daa` lb` lb`ora orah. h. ]l` ]l`ma ma kls frr frrast ast fdout two jo`tks fbo, Eltff kfs daa` u`summasscuiiy fppiyl`b cor dfli f`h kfs daa` kaih ft Jfel`hya Jliltfry poilma dfrrfm dfr rfmes es ova ovarr dal` dal`b b cou`h cou`h l` possasslo` oc ilva fjju`ltlo`, plstois f`h f ]JB rla.
Jusava`l to blva Jusava`l blva miarlms ]ks1d` cor bov't probrfjjas L` f jova tkft kfs daa` mrltlmlzah dy soja jajdars oc pfrilfja`t f`h tfie skow pu`hlts, ^raslha`t Jusava`l o` Jfy >8 f``ou`mah tkft ka wlii da axta`hl`b jo`ay wortk ]ks1dliilo` to tka L`tarTailblous Mou`mli oc Qbf`hf to a`fdia miarlms popuifrlza tka bovar`ja`t“s oparftlo` wafitk Mraftlo` ^robrfjja. Xkls mojas iass tkf` f jo`tk fctar tfel`b tka railblous iafhars to f tour oc cfrjs l` wastar` f`h ma`trfi Qbf`hf f`h iftar kostl`b tkaj to f hl``ar ft kls mou`try koja l` Twfelturf. Rklia ft tka ava`t, Jusava`l wko ravafiah tkft f jaatl`b oc 6>>> railblous iafhars wlii da kaih l` Guiy to seatmk tka probrfjja cor ljpiaja`tftlo` fhhah tkft tka jo`ay wlii kaip tkaj wklia axamutl`b tka tfse oc prafmkl`b to tkalr dailavars kow to bat tkajsaivas out oc povarty ft pfrlsk iavai. L` fhhltlo` to tkls ka projlsah railblous l`stltutlo`s f`otkar pare oc bal`b tkaj mfrs. Xo soja pu`hlts kowavar, Jusava`l“s jova ls `ot fdout havaiopja`t dut ka ls rftkar wl``l`b tkaj dfme fctar tkalr raiftlo`sklp wa`t sour ifst yafr ft tka kalbkt oc tka fba iljlt hadfta wkara jf`y oc tkaj mfiiah cor f racara`huj to hamlha o` wkatkar or `ot tka mo`stltutlo` mouih da fja`hja`t to rajova praslha`tlfi fba iljlts.
*tarjs f`h mo`hltlo`s fppiy
8
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
RAAE
Mkoiarf klts Efjpfif ]kortiy fctar tka Jl`lstry oc Kafitk f``ou`mah to ifu`mk f vfmml`ftlo` hrlva l` mkoiarf klt frafs oc Koljf, cour `aw mfsas oc tka hlsafsa wara raportah l` Efiarwa, f iow a`h Efjpfif `albkdorkooh f`h wara ruskah to Mkl`f - Qbf`hf Crla`hsklp kospltfi @fburu. Xkraa jora pftla`ts croj tka `albkdorl`b Jplbl hlstrlmt wara fiso dal`b traftah ft tka kospltfi. Hr. Ka`ry Jwadasf, tka Fb. Hlramtor Ba`arfi oc Kafitk ]arvlmas ft tka Jl`lstry oc Kafitk toih gour`filsts tkft wklia tka pftla`ts fra murra`tiy fii ft f sjfii lsoiftlo` ma`tar ft @fburu, tka Jl`lstry kfs sat up two dlbbar lsoiftlo` ma`tars ft Juifbo mo`slharl`b tkft l` tka rfl`y safso` sumk lii`assas fra dou`h to drafe out lc paopia ho`“t tfea pramfutlo` ilea wfskl`b kf`hs dacora daco ra kf` kf`hil hil`b `b coo cooh, h, hrl hrl`el `el`b `b doliah dol iah wf wftar tar f`h wf wfskl skl`b `b kf` kf`hs hs fctar vlsltl`b tka toliat. Rfr`l`b Rfr `l`b tkft tka hlsafsa hlsa fsa mf` elii l` iass tkf` f hfy, Jwadasf urbah tka pudilm to ljjahlftaiy raport to f kafitk cfmlilty l` mfsa f` l`hlvlhufi prasa`ts wltk savara hlfrrkaf, vojltl`b f`h stojfmk pfl`s. Kowavar, tka tkraa pftla`ts croj Jplbl fra fii croj tka sfja cfjliy wkarafs tkosa oc Efiarwa fra croj hlara`t cfjlilas. @o otkar mfsa kfh daa` rablstarah l` Efjpfif dy prass tlja dut aisawkara l` tka mou`try, Fjuhft, Koljf f`h Eyababwf hlstrlmts fra suarl`b f` o`-bol`b outout drafe dra fe f`h tka Jl` Jl`lst lstry ry ls mo` mo`slh slh-arl`b vfmml`ftlo` l` tkosa frafs
^opa Crf`mls hurl`b kls vlslt to Qbf`hf Jfrtyrs ]krl`a @fjubo`bo l` 4>61.
]ks2>>jliilo` `aahah cor Jfrtyrs hfy maiadrftlo`s Fs Gu`a >= wka` Qbf`hf jfres Jfrtyrs hfy cfst fpprofmkas, tka mkurmk ls l` f hrlva to rlsa fdout 24>jliilo` `aahah to orbf`lza tka ava`t. Tavafil`b tkls, Frmkdlskop Ajjf`uai Oddo, oc tka Xororo Mftkoilm Frmkhlomasa wklmk ls kaflh` tkls yafr“s maiadrftlo`s ft tka Mftkoilm Jfrtyrs ]krl`a l` @fjubo`bo sflh tkay fra orbf`lzl`b f cu`hrflsl`b hl``ar o` Jfy 62 to rflsa jo`ay cor tka ava`t. Xka Frmkhlomasa kfs fiso orbf`lzah f wfie oc cfltk croj Ju`yo`yo Jftlf Juiujdf Mftkoilm Mkurmk o` Jfy 64 wklmk wlii da coiiowah dy f < hfy hfy @ov @ova`f a`f prf prfyar yar ft tka @fjubo`bo Jfrtyrs ]krl`a dabl``l`b o` Jfy 4<. Xka Frmkhlomasa oc Xororo
mojprlsas oc tka Hlomasas oc Gl`gf, Jor Gl`gf, Joroto oto,, ]oro ]orotl, tl, Eot Eotlho lho,, f`h Xororo hlstrlmts. Mfptlvas craah l` Q]FCL rflh cou`h vary slme, otkars haiah ” ^oilma ^oilma Haputy ]poeasparso` ^ftrlme O`yf`bo ravafiah o` Jfy >2 tkft soja oc tka mfptlvas rasmuah hurl`b f gol`t gol `t rfl rflh h dy dy samur samurlty lty cor cormas mas o` Q]FCL josqua kfva daa` cou`h to da vary slme. ’]ava` blris wara cou`h to da ft vf vfrlo rlous us stf stfbas bas oc pra prabb`f`my. ]fhiy, aiava` oc tka blris oc fba drfmeat 6= to 61 yafrs kfva mojpifl`ah f`h lt kfs daa` mo`rjah tkft tkay wara haiah dy soja oc tka suspamts‚, ka sflh soja wara firafhy ramalvl`b traftja`t.
Ka kowavar sflh fitkoubk tkara“s f 8; kour ruia, tka suspamts kfva `ot yat daa` tfea` to mourt damfusa tka hajf`hs oc tka l`vastlbftlo`s wara sumk tkft lt mouih `ot kfppa` so. Xka frrasts wara jfha o` Fprli 4; fs samurlty oparftlvas pursuah suspamts l` tka elh`fp f`h jurhar oc ifta ]usf` Jfbfrf. @ow, tka l`vastlbftlo`s kfva bo`a dayo`h tkft mfsa to l`miuha mfsas oc haiaja`t, kujf` trfmel`b, saxufi vlovlo ia`ma f`h elh`fp wltk l`ta`t to hajf`h rf`soj fjo`b otkars. 618 paopia wara rasmuah croj mfptlvlty wkara 4; fra woja`, 3= blris f`h 3= doys l`miuhl`b tkraa Duru`hlf` `ftlo`fis.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
1
RAAE
H^^ iosas l`tarast l` cour yafr trafso` mfsa
@lbarlf, Mkl`f l` murra`my swfp
Flskf-@fefsldf`ta wltk otkar suspamts l` mourt
Flskf @fefsldf`ta l`-ifw to Fustrfilf dfsah Qbf`hf` Fustrfilf Qb f`hf` mfrhloioblst Fbbray Elyl`bl tobatkar wltk 6; otkar suspamts wko kfva daa` daa ` l` l` prls prlso` o` cor cou courr yafr yafrss dftdfttil`b trafso` mkfrbas wara o` Jfy.>2 raiafsah fctar Jlmkafi Mkldltf tka Hlramtor ^udilm ^rosamutlo`s (H^^) iost l`tarast l` tkalr mfsa.
’Xka H^^ kfs powars to ho tkls ft f`y stfba dacora guhbaja`t. Fii tka 6< fmmusah parso`s fra sat craa u`iass lc kaih o` otkar ifwcui mkfrbas,‚ Klbk mourt guhba Rliso` Jusa`a toih mourt dacora sal`b tkaj craa. Xka suspamts kfh daa` frrastah o` brou`hs tkft tkay wara piottl`b to ovartkrow bovar`ja`t
f`h wara tkaracora cfml`b two mou`ts oc trafso` f`h mo`mafija`t oc trafso` l` wklmk prosamutlo` kfh fiiabah tkft tkay kfh f pif` to ovar tkrow tka bovar`ja`t oc Qbf`hf dy usa oc rafrjs datwaa` yafrs 4>6= f`h 4>61 ft vfrlous pifmas l` Qbf`hf, Hudfl, Ea`yf f`h Xf`zf`lf.
L` f slb`l`b marajo`y tkft tooe pifma l` Dalgl`b Mkl`f, tka Ma`trfi Df`e oc @lbarlf f`h tka ^aopias Df`e oc Mkl`f fbraah to f murra`my swfp wortk $4.1dliilo` to jfea trfha datwaa` tka two mou`trlas afsy. L`tar`ftlo`fi raports sfy tka jova wfs jaf`t to rahuma tka two mou`trlas railf`ma o` tka Q] hoiifr l` mo`humtl`b dusl`ass sumk tkft @lbarlf mf` kfva sumla`t iomfi murmur ra`my ilqulhlty f`h fiso sfva Mkl`asa l`vastors l` tka mou`try tka kustia oc iooel`b cor f`otkar murra`my.
^fyja`ts cor Jutuaiia ha sf`ta jfha afsy ^fy vlf T]]D fmmou`ts l` fii 863 samtor ]FMMOs f`h l` DE, D^T, BX Df`e, L&J Df`e, Fmmass Df`e, Mobadf`qua, EMD f`h Aqulty Df`e mou`trywlha
Mojl`b soo` wltk 6<>> fba`ts fmross Twf`hf
www.rssd.rw
3
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
NTssdL`co
l`coNrssd.rw
8>88
Kujour
Hlh you e`ow?
]mla`tlsts kfva jfha slilmo` daftl`b kafrt
Hua to tka mrltlmlsj croj proparty ow`ars f`h amo`ojlsts, tka Mfdl`at kfs ravlawah tka proposah If`hiorhs f`h Xa`f`ts Dlii.
^raslha`t Jusava`l kfs stro`biy haca`hah tka bovar`ja`t“s jova to ljport Mudf` sfyl`b lt ls f wfy oc hlsmlpil`l`b Qbf`hf` homtors wltk mrooeah dakfvlour.
Cl`f`ma jl`lstry kfs fiiomftah o`iy ]ks
Lt iooes ilea f rafi kafrt. F`h tkls ls tka bofi oc tka c lrst a`tlraiy soct frtlclmlfi kafrt7 to jljlm lts `fturfi johai fs miosaiy fs possldia. Xka slilmo`a kafrt kfs daa ` havai h avai opa opah h dy d y @lmk @ lmkoifs oifs Mok Mokrs, rs, f homtorfi stuha`t l` tka broup iah dy Ra`ha Ra`hail` il` ]tf ]tfre, re, ^roc ass or o c Cu`mtlo`fi Jftarlfis A`bl`aarl`b ft AXK Wurlmk. Xka rafso`l`b wky `ftura skouih da usah fs f johai ls miafr. Murra`tiy usah diooh pujps kfva jf`y hlsfhvf`tfbas7 tkalr jamkf`lmfi pfrts fra susmaptldia to mojpilmftlo`s wklia tka pftla`t ifmes f pkysloioblmfi puisa, wklmk ls fssujah to kfva soja mo`saqua`mas cor tka pftla`t. F waii-cu`mtlo`l`b frtlclmlfi kafrt ls f rafi `amasslty7 fdout 43 jliilo` paopia worihwlha succar croj kafrt cfliura wklia tkara ls f skortfba oc ho`or kafrts. Frtlclmlfi diooh pujps kaip to drlhba tka wfltl`b tlja u`tli f pftla`t ramalvas f ho`or kafrt or tkalr ow` kafrt ramovars. Xka soct frtlclmlfi kafrt wfs mraftah croj slilmo`a usl`b f =H-prl`tl`b, iost-wfx mfstl`b tamk`lqua5 lt walbks =<> brfjs f`h kfs f voiuja oc 32< mj=. Lt kfs f rlbkt f`h f iact va`trlmia, gust ilea f rafi kujf` kafrt, tkoubk tkay fra `ot sapfrftah dy f saptuj dut d y f` fhhltlo`fi mkfjdar. Xkls mkfjdar ls raqulrah to pujp ciulh croj tka diooh dio oh m kfj kfjdar dars, s, tku tkuss rapi r apifml` fml` b t ka jusmia mo`trfmtlo` oc tka kujf` kafrt. Xka you`b rasafrmkars kfva gustt pudil gus p udil ska h tka t ka ras rasuits uits oc tka axparlja`ts l` tka smla`tlclm gour`fi nFrtlclmlfi Orbf`s“. Xkay provah tkft tka soct frtlclmlfi kafrt c u`hfja`tfiiy wores f`h jovas l` f sljlifr wfy to f kujf` kafrt. Kowavar, lt stlii kfs o`a prodiaj7 lt murra`tiy ifsts cor fdout o`iy =,>>> dafts, wklmk morraspo`hs to f ilcatlja oc kfic to tkraa qufrtars oc f` kour. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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Lssua @ Lssua @o.16< o.16< Jfy >8 - 6 >, 4>6;
MOSAT ]XOT\
Iattars fra waimoja ! Xka Ahltor waimojas skort f`h mo`mlsa iaars croj our astaajah rafhars o` toplmfi lssuas. ^iafsa sa`h tkaj to7 Xka Ahltor, Xka L`hapa`ha`t ^udilmftlo`s Ith, ^.O Dox ==>8, ^iot ;4/;8 Ef`goeyf Ef`goeyf ]t, Efjwoeyf. Efjpfif,Qbf`hf.
Ajfli7 ahltorNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub
Jusava`l“s sava` yafr tarj hajf`h
Tacar to7 ’Jusava`l wf`ts sava` yafr tarj‚ (Xka L`hapa`ha`t Fprli 42). O`ma mrltlmfi oc iafhars wko ovarstfy l` powar, tohfy ^raslha`t \o \owarl warl Jusava`l iafhs tka miud o` tka mo`tl`a`t Fcrlmf skowl`b kls trua braah cor powar, kypomrlsy, houdia stf`hfrhs, poiltlmfi hamaptlo`, jf`lpuiftlo`, f`h frrobf`ma. Xkls ls f `aw draah oc Fcrlmf` hlmtftors wko kfva iost tka miafr il`a datwaa` juitlpfrty poiltlms f`h jo`frmky. Jusava`l tfies oc lhaoioblmfi df`eruptmy l` Fcrlmf` poiltlms yat ka kfs cfliah to ljpiaja`t kls ow` @TJ pfrty jlsslo` f`h vlslo` l` kls =4 yafrs l` powar5 l`miuhl`b tkalr ow` l`ltlfi 6> ^ol`t ^robrfj. Rkft hoas ka `aah tka tlja cor? ]ystajftlm Morruptlo`, `apotlsj, trldfilsj? Ra firafhy e`ow kls iabfmy oc cfliah lhaoioblmfi poiltlmfi axparlja`ts. Xka ifta Q.]. ^raslha`t Fdrfkfj Il`moi` o`ma sflh tkft `afriy fii ja` mf` stf`h fhvarslty, dut lc you wf`t to tast f jf`“s mkfrfmtar, blva klj powar.
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Coiiow us o` Xwlar N kp7//twlar.moj/#!/ubf`hftfies Coiiow us o` Cfmadooe N www.cfmadooe.moj/XkaL`hapa`ha`tJfbfzl`aQbf`hf
www.l`ha www. l`hapa`ha`t.m pa`ha`t.mo.u o.ub b
Qbf`hf kafitkmfra booh Tacar to7 ’L`slha Qbf`hf“s kafitkmfra tafrs‚ (Xka L`hapa`ha`t Fprli 42). L wa`t to Ja`bo Kospltfi l` Efjpfif cor f jl`or aya traftja`t f`h wfs so ljprassah wltk tkalr sarvlmas. Mf` you ljfbl`a tka mo`suitftlo` caa wfs gust ]ks1>>>. L
wouih kfva pflh ]ks1>,>>> l` f prlvfta cfmlilty. F`h tka wkoia jahlmftlo` most ja ]ks61,>>> (Fdout = Q.]. hoiifrs). L buass lc L wa`t to Juifbo @ftlo`fi Tacarrfi Kospltfi, lt wouih kfva most ava` iass. ]o wkft hoas tkls sfy fdout tka kafitk cfmliltlas l`
Qbf`hf? L tkl`e lt“s projlsl`b f`h, samo`hiy, wltk tka craahoj oc spaamk f`h somlfi jahlf5 lt“s afsy to axposa f jahlmfi omar wko ls fiwfys `ot o` huty. Xl`f
]pafel`b cor poor Qbf`hf`s o` kafitk Tacar to7 ’L`slha Qbf`hf“s kafitkmfra tafrs‚ (Xka L`hapa`ha`t Fprli 42). ’Rko wlii spafe cor tka mklihra` oc Qbf`hf, aspamlfiiy croj poor cfjlilas, wka` pudilm hadfta o` kafitk poilmy ls hojl`ftah dy lb`orf`t
f`h saic-l`tarastah fhuit ailtas?‚ ]o wko hoas Jwa`hf spafe cor wka` ka stftas7 ’Xka prodiajs oc tka kafitkmfra samtor l` Qbf`hf fra `ot tka cfuit oc f`yo`a‚, wka` l` cfmt Qbf`hf kfs oma dafrars? Ls Jwa`hf
A`hl`b Qbf`hf“s Qbf`hf“s kafitkmfra kafitkmfra tafrs Tacar to7 ’L`slha Qbf`hf“s kafitkmfra tafrs‚ (Xka L`hapa`ha`t Fprli 42). Xka cu`hfja`tfi prodiaj wltk Fcrlmf“s f`h Qbf`hf“s kafitk mfra ” ilea wltk fii otkar so mfiiah ‛somlfi sarvlmas“ kfs to da f` l`sucmla`t suppiy oc smla`tlm f`h mo`saqua`t tamk`oioblmfi jl`hs wltkl` lts kujf` rasourma. Fii kafitk prodiajs blvl`b us kafhfmkas f`h hadftas tohfy kfva f hlramt root l` smla`ma. Rka` Jwa`hf f`h otkars dacora klj tfie oc prljfry kafitkmfra, tkay fra rafiiy racarrl`b to tfmeil`b mfusas oc hlsafsa. Q`harstf`h wkft, kow, wkara f`h wka` tkasa hlsafsas fra mfusah f`h havaiopah ” tka` you wlii, wltk f dlt oc mraftlvlty f`h l``ovftlo` ” da fdia to altkar ailjl`fta tkaj or hlsrupt tkalr probrasslo` wltkl` wkftavar fvflifdia `o`-kujf` rasourmas. Dut to ho so systajftlmfiiy, rst wa `aah f sat oc `ftura-l`mil`ah l`qulsltlva/murlous paopia (smla`tlsts) to astfdilsk or ava` u`aqulvomfiiy mo`rj tka mrltlmfi il`efb as. Xka` f samo`h sat (a`bl`aars/ tamk`oioblsts/tamk`lmlf`s/frtl-
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
sf`s) ls `aahah to u`harstf`h tka wore oc tka rst sat f`h mo`saqua`tiy ” usl`b fvflifvfli fdia kujf` f`h `o`-kujf` rasourmas ” haslb`, mo`strumt, f`h oparfta ” wkara `amassfry) systajs altkar to hastroy or to hlstort tka il`efbas. \ou mouih bat rfra l`hlvlhufis sarvl`b l` dotk dot k sats. sats. Xka ‛bo ‛booh oh cor `ot `otkl` kl`b“ b“ poiltlmlf`s mifljl`b to fiiomfta rasourmas, tka tka ‛l`corjah“ f`h ‛kfic dfeah“ amo`ojlsts, pu`hlts (tka Jwa`hf ileas) f`h ‛sajl-iltarfta“ gour`filsts/ mojja`tftors (jost otkars) fii moja iftar l` ljportf`ma oc puttl`b our kafitk mfra rlbkt. Hr. A`b. Ef`t Ftaa`yl ” Mfpa Xow`
spafel`b o` dakfic oc tka poor Qbf`hf` mklih, or o` dakfic oc tka lb`orf`t f`h saic-l`tarastah fhuit ailta Qbf`hf`? Tfgfd Efeyfjf
^roposah if`hiorhs, ta`f`ts Dlii wro`b Tacar to7 ’Ta`t ifw7 Booh l`ta`tlo`s, dfh l`ma`tlvas cor proparty jfreat‚ (Xka L`hapa`ha`t Fprli 42). Ho tkasa mfdl`at jl`lstars ow` f`y propartlas l` tkls mou`try? Rky wouih tkay saaj to o`iy cfvour tka ta`f`ts fs lc if`hiorhs fra `ot supposah to da`at croj tkalr swaft? Xkara ls rafiiy `otkl`b jumk o`a mf` ho lc tkay mf``ot dulih tkalr ow` kousas. O`ma `ot kfppy wltk o`a if`hiorh, jova o` to tka `axt wltk kopa oc corbl`b raiftlo`sklp. Otkarwlsa fs tka if`hiorhs f`h ta`f`ts Dlii ls, lt wlii hatar paopia croj mo`strumtl`b raslha`tlfi f`h mojjarmlfi propartlas cor cafr oc jfrbl`filzftlo`. Xkls wlii eaap tka kousl`b hamlt fs klbk fs albkt jliilo` fs lt stf`hs `ow. Mkfrias Juklblrwf
Xka Ifst Rorh
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Fcrlmf“s `aah cor jasslfks Dy F`hraw J. Jwa`hf
L`slha our dailac tkft tka sfivftlo` oc our `ftlo`s wlii moja croj tka fmtlo`s oc o`a braft jf`
L
c you coiiow hlsmusslo`s o` poiltlms l` Qbf`hf, or Fcrlmf ba`arfiiy, o`a cfmtor ls blva` fs tka mfusa oc tka siow rfta oc havaiopja`t ” poor iafharsklp. L usah to koih tkls vlaw dut outbraw lt l` ifrba pfrt damfusa L ramob`lsah tkft Fcrlmf` iafhars fra propaiiah to powar dy tka somlfi hy`fjlms oc our somlatlas. Lt coiiows tkft wkft tkay ho wltk powar raamts jora o` wko wa fra fs f paopia tkf` wko tkay fra fs l`hlvlhufis. Xka difja-tka-iafharsklp frbuja`t rajfl`s powarcui l` ifrba pfrt damfusa lt kfs lts roots l` tka samuifr railblo` mfiiah havaiopja`t. Xkls cfltk saas kujf`el`h o` f mo`tl`uous il`afr pftk oc l``lta probrass. L suspamt tkls ls f mfrryovar croj tka Mkrlstlf` dailac l` u`lvarsfi sfivftlo`. Dut wklia Mkrlstlf`lty projlsas sfivftlo` fctar haftk, samuifr cfltk l` havaiopja`t projlsas u`lvarsfi prosparlty o` afrtk. Xka A`ilbkta`ja`t frosa to toppia railblous utoplfs dut mraftah samuifr o`as. L` f`mla`t Braama, paopia dailavah cormas dayo`h dayo `h kuj kujf` f` mo` mo`tro troii (cft (cfta) a) skf skfpah pah tka tkalr lr hastl`y. \ou `h tkls l` Kojar“s nXka Lilfh“ f`h nXka Ohyssay“ f`h l` tka pifys oc tka braft Braae hrfjftlsts ilea Fasmkyius, ]opkomias, f`h Aurlplhas. ^ifto tkoubkt mo`tajpiftlo` wfs tka klbkast corj oc kujf` fmtlvlty. Xka flj oc ilca wfs `ot to mkf`ba tka worih dut to saa lt rlbktiy. Dut tka `aw samuifr cfltks saae to mkf`ba tka worih @OR ka`ma tka jf`y somlfi crustrftlo`s f`h mo`lmts oc our tlja. Xkls ls wky wka`avar wa cfma f prodiaj wa iooe cor f vliifl` to difja ava` wka` tka mfusa ls `ot f parso` dut f mojdl`ftlo` oc cfmtors. ^raslha`t \owarl Jusava`l frldfrld utah Qbf`hf“s prodiajs to tka parso`filty f`h jf`fbaja`t mojpata`mas oc Jlito` Odota f`h Lhl Fjl`. Kls mrltlms tohfy ho tka sfja ” saal`b tka prodiajs oc Qbf`hf fs mfusah dy Jusava`l, parloh. Rky? ]omlfi lssuas fra mojpiax. Drltlsk amo`ojlst Gok` Eay`as subbastah tkft orhl`fry paopia kf`hia mojpiaxlty tkroubk `frrftlvas l.a. rafhliy hlbastldia tkaorlas-l`-jl`lftura. @frrftlvas sprafh afsliy f`h damoja pudilm boohs. Dut tkay mf` fiso strfy cfr fwfy croj rafilty. O`a sumk strfy ls tka miflj tkft havaiopja`t oc f mou`try mojas croj tka stfta, aspamlfiiy lts praslha`t. Xkls kfs mraftah f ja`tfilty tkft fdsoivas l`hl-
vlhufi f`h moiiamtlva raspo`sldlilty to our mou`trlas. L tkl`e tka jfgor mo`strfl`t l` Fcrlmf ls l`fhaqufta kujf` mfpltfi f`h f jlsbulhah lhaoioby oc tka stfta fs `f``y. Iooe ft @ortk f`h ]outk Eoraf. Xka `ortk kfs f BH^ oc $62 dliilo` f`h f par mfpltf l`moja oc $331, tka soutk $6.8 trliilo` f`h $42,3>> raspamtlvaiy. Xka soutk prohumas sumk braft biodfi drf`hs wltk mul`b ahba tamk`oioby ilea ]fjsu`b, Kyu`hfl, Elf f`h IB. L` splta oc lts povarty, tka `ortk parcorjs mul`b-ahba tamk`oioblmfi cafts ilea pul`b sftaiiltas l` spfma, jf`ucfmturl`b l`tarmo`tl`a`tfi dfiilstlm jlsslias f`h `umiafr wafpo`s. Rkft wa fra saal`b ajdahhah l` tka somlfi tlssua oc Eoraf` somlaty ls klbk iavais oc kujf` mfpltfi l.a. jfstary oc tamk`oioblmfi l``ovftlo` rabfrhiass oc l`moja. Blva @ortk Eoraf jfreat l`stltutlo`s f`h lt wouih mftmk up wltk tka soutk l` 4> yafrs. Xka amo`ojlas oc Wfjdlf, Qbf`hf, Bkf`f, Jfifwl f`h Ea`yf kfva `ot parcorjah f`y sarlous tamk`oioblmfi cafts l` splta oc possassl`b craa jfreat l`stltutlo`s damfusa tkay kfva iow iavais oc kujf` mfpltfi. Xkosa wko dailava l` iafharsklp fs tka sourma oc l``ovftlo` wouih frbua wa ifme f praslha`t to sat tka l``ovftlo` dfii roiil`b. @o`sa`sa. Iooe ft Fcrlmf“s jost summasscui story, Dotswf`f. Lt ls kfliah cor kfvl`b kfh braft f`h vlslo`fry iafharsklp. L fj f` fhjlrar oc tka Dotswf`f story. Dut otkar tkf` jf`fbl`b kar hlfjo`h rlmkas waii f`h sustfl`l`b f juitl pfrty systaj oc bovar`ja`t, L mf` kfrhiy `h f`ytkl`b braft lt kfs ho`a. Lt kfs `ot prohumah f`y l`tar`ftlo`fi drf`h ilea ]fjsu`b. L fj `ot ava` sura tkay kfva jf`ucfmturah f pl` yat. Xkaracora, to lb`ora kujf` mfpltfi f`h dailava l` tka Mkrlstlf` prl`mlpia oc ’saae ya rst f booh iafhar f`h tka rast wlii da fhhah o`to you‚ jfy jfea f booh poiltlmfi siobf` dut lt kfs ilia f`f iytlmfi vfiua. L` tka 6<<>s Jusava`l frbuah pfsslo`ftaiy tkft tka prodiaj oc Fcrlmf wfs oc iafhars wko ho `ot wf`t to iafva powar. p owar. Fctar =4 yafrs, ka ls tohfy o`a oc tkosa iafhars wko ls miafriy `ot iafvl`b powar. Dut Jusava`l wfs wro`b. L dailava o`a oc tka jfgor prodiajs oc Fcrlmf ls f cfliura oc mltlza`sklp
ma`trah o` l`hlvlhufi f`h moiiamtlva raspo`sldlilty. Ra, aspamlfiiy tka ailta, kfva fdhlmftah our raspo`sldlilty to da fba`ts oc tka mkf`ba wa wf`t. L`stafh wa kfva damoja pfsslva spamtftors l` our fflrs. Xkls kfs iah us to fiwfys mrfva cor iafhars wko mf` da jass jasslfk lfkss to sfv sfvaa us us croj croj our pro prodia diajs. js. L` jf`y wfys L `h Jusava`l daar tkf` kls mrltlms. Rka` ka cait Qbf`hf kfh f mrlsls oc iafharsklp, ka hlh `ot slt f`h mojpifl` l` pfjpkiats. Ka tooe poiltlmfi l`ltlftlva to bfl` powar f`h mkf`ba tka mou`try. Kls mrltlms slt l` flr-mo`hltlo`ah omas f`h kf`b out l` cf`my `lbktmiuds to ifja`t kow ka kfs hastroyah tka mou`try. Dut lc tka jf` ls l`mojpata`t l` jf`fbl`b tka stfta, suraiy wa wko fra jora mojpata`t, jora ahumftah, jora seliiah, jora axposah skouih kfva tka mojpata`ma to afsliy elme klj out. \ou mf``ot miflj to da tka dast sprl`tar wka` you mf``ot ava` qufilcy cor tka Oiyjplms. ]o wa fse cor jutufiiy mo`trfhlmtory tkl`bs7 wa wf`t f iafhar wko mf` trf`scorj our `ftlo` cor us l` o`a dlb stroea. \at lc f`y iafhar wfs to fmklava sumk f caft, ska/ ka wouih `aah to fmt wltkout rastrfl`ts o` kls/kar powar l.a. da f da`avoia`t tyrf`t. Ft tka sfja tlja wa wf`t sumk f iafhar to da hajomrftlm, sudgamt to mkames f`h dfif`mas. Xkft ls wky wa mkaar Dfrfe Odfjf wka` ka sfys Fcrlmf hoas `ot `aah stro`b iafhars dut str stro`b o`b l`s l`stlt tltutl utlo`s o`s.. Dut Dut str stro`b o`b l`s l`stlt tltuutlo`s jaf` f iafhar kfs ilia ka mf` ho fs f` l`hlvlhufi. Xkls ls tka mora prodiaj oc us Fcrlmf` ailtas, lhaoioblmfi mo`cuslo`. Ilsta`l`b to Qbf`hf` (f`h Fcrlmf`) ailtas, o`a ls ovarwkaijah dy tka skaar voiuja oc kaipiass`ass f`h powariass`ass ava` o` jfars oc hlramt parso`fi raspo`sldlilty. Lt ls fs lc wa kfva `o fba`my to skfpa tka hastl`y oc our mou`trlas ” wa surra`harah tkft to tka jytklmfi braft iafhar. Avary fspamt oc our ilvas ls supposah to hapa`h o` iafhars. Xkls dailac l` iafhars fs sfvlours ls hatrlja`tfi to fmtlva mltlza`sklp. Ra `aah f vlslo` tkft dailavas tkft our hastl`y mf` o`iy da skfpah dy tka f`o`yjous fmtlo`s oc ku`hrahs oc jliilo`s oc fmtlva, ilvl`b, tkl`el`b, f`h cu`mtlo`l`b mltlza`s5 `ot f sl`bia iafhar. fjwa`hfNl`hapa`ha`t.mo.ub
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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MOSAT ]XOT\
Jusava`l kf`h l` Fjo`bl smf`hfi ^roparty brfddl`b jl`lstar kf`hil`b dlbbar hafis cor ^raslha`t Dy Kfbbfl Jftsleo
Xka hrfjf tkft pifyah out o` Jfy ; wka` Datty Fjo`bl, tka Jl`lstar cor If`hs, Kousl`b f`h Qrdf` Havaiopja`t, fppafrah dacora tka If`h L`qulry slttl`b l` Efjpfif iact o`a quastlo`7 Rkft wouih ^raslha`t \owarl Jusava`l ho fdout lt? Ft tka ma` ma`tra tra oc Fjo Fjo`bl“ `bl“s s fppaf fppafrf` rf`ma, ma, tka samo samo`h `h daco dacora ra tka moj mojjlss jlsslo` lo`,, wara wara fiia fiiabft bftlo`s lo`s oc klbk klbk morruptlo` f`h proparty brfddl`b fbfl`st tka jl`lstar. Dut tka fppafrf`ma fiso ravafiah ajotlva lssuas oc samurlty oc proparty, jlsusa oc powar, f`h ifme oc l`tabrlty l` pudilm ocmlfis. Xka mojjlsslo` ls l`qulrl`b l`to tka accamtlva`ass oc tka ifws, poilmlas f`h promassas oc if`h fmqulsltlo`, if`h fhjl`lstrftlo`, if`h jf`fbaja`t f`h if`h rablstrftlo` l` Qbf`hf.
Mftkarl`a Dfjubajaralra (I) f`h Datty Fjo`bl F jo`bl
6>
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
MOSAT ]XOT\
Xka If`h Mojjlsslo` oc L`qulry ft tka @ftlo`fi Frmklvas Ma`tra o` Jfy ;
G
ustlma Mftkarl`a Dfjubajaralra mkflrs tka l`qulry, wkosa otkar jajdars l`miuha5 Todart ]sadu``yf, tka ]a`lor ^raslha`tlfi Fhvlsor o` Dubf`hf Jfars, Jfry Ohuef Omkf`, f havaiopja`t axpart, Goyma Bu`za Kfdffsf, f if`h Mo`suitf`t, Tosa @fefyl, f` fhvomfta, Crahrlme Tukl`hl, f corjar For`ay Ba`arfi, Baorba Dfbo`zf Xl`efjf`ylra corjar IMS Mkflrparso`, Koljf hlstrlmt, Adart Lsflfk Dusodozl Dya`eyf, f ifwyar, Oilva Efzffrwa Juewfyf, f guhlmlfi omar, Houbifs ]l`blzf f`h Gok` Dosmo Tugfbfftf ]uuzf. Q`ilea soja wlt`assas wko parsplrah, mrlah, f`h cfw`ah dacora tka mojjlsslo`, Fjo`bl“s jfea-up, mklil rah-ilpstlme, f`h `aftiy doddah kflr rajfl`ah u`ruah. L`stafh, lt wfs tka mojjlsslo`ars tur` to fppafr pfrfiysah wka` ska mfijiy ha`lah f`y wro`b hol`b, mltl`b jajory ioss oc ava`ts, lb`orf`ma oc promahura, f`h ifmu`fs l` tka ifw. ]oja oc tka mojjlsslo`ars f`h jf`y odsarvars oc kar parcorjf`ma quastlo`ah wkara ska bot fii tka mo`ha`ma wka` lt fppafrah ska wfs ljpilmftah l` vary sarlous mrljas. Eoioio, wkara Fjo`bl ls sflh to kfva brfddah proparty, ls fjo`b tka frafs wltk tka jost axpa`slva proparty rftas l` Efjpfif, octa` vfiuah l` hoiifrs damfusa skliil`bs s kliil`bs mf``ot fppiy. fpp iy. ]o wka` corjar For`ay Ba`arfi Crahrlme Tukl`hl kafrh tkft Fjo`bl kfh l` two hfys bot koih oc tkraa prlja propartlas l` Eoioio f`h f`otkar l` aqufiiy prlja l`hustrlfi fraf, ka wo`harah kow tkft mouih da possldia. ’^arkfps soja oc us ilva o` f`otkar pif`at,‚ Tukl`hl sflh.
Dut Fjo`bl mfijiy l`corjah klj tkft, l` cfmt, ska hlh `ot jova f `bar to fmqulra tkaj. Xka hafi wfs afsliy mil`mkah dy kar worear, o`a Ka`ry Judlru. ]oja oc tkosa wftmkl`b tka hrfjf f`h e`ow kar l`tljftaiy wara `ot surprlsah. Fjo`bl ls e`ow` to da f toubk parso`. F`h tkls tlja, ska possldiy fppafrah mo`ha`t damfusa ska ls parmalvah to kfva ^raslha`t Jusava`l“s afr o` proparty f`h if`h jfars l` tka mou`try. Fjo`bl kfs daa` Jusava`l“s pol`tsparso` l` tka mo`trovarslfi fmqulsltlo` oc 2,>>> kamtfras oc if`h l` Fjuru Hlstrlmt l` `ortkar` Qbf`hf cor sal`b up f subfr pif`tftlo` f`h cfmtory l` f bovar`ja`t gol`t va`tura wltk tka hoiifr dliilo`flra Jfhkvf`l cfjliy. Xka progamt raqulras 8>,>>> kamtfras. F hfy dacora Fjo`bl fppafrah dacora tka Dfjubajaralra Mojjlsslo`, tka ^frilfja`tfry ^fril fja`tfry Duhbat Mojjlaa kfh fpprovah ]ks64 dliilo` to mojpa`sfta soja oc tka progamt-famtah paopia. F`otkar subfr cfmtory l` tka sfja fraf5 Ftlfe ]ubfr cfmtory, oc l`hlvlhufis cro`tah dy ^raslha`t Jusava`l wfs sat to bat ]ks46dliilo` croj tka Oparftlo` Rafitk Mraftlo`. Fjo`bl fajptah to pify tka Jusava`l mfrh to fvolh fppafrl`b dacora tka tk a mojjlsslo`, mojjls slo`, l`slhars l`sl hars sfy. sfy . Fppfra`tiy, ska ioddlah mfdl`at f`h kfh mo`vl`mah ^rlja Jl`lstar Tukfef`f Tubu`hf to diome tka l`qulry sujjo`s. ]ka tka` l`corjah tka Mojjlsslo` tkft ska mouih `ot fppafr damfusa kar k ar f`swars wouih raqulra kar to ravafi bovar`ja`t samrats, l`miuhl`b l`strumtlo`ss croj Jusava`l. l`strumtlo` Dut Dujubajaralra tkraw kar iaar
l` tka trfsk dl` f`h lssuah mrljl`fi sujjo`s cor kar to fppafr, wfr`l`b tkft ska wouih da frrastah lc ska hlh `ot. O` tka hfy ska fppafrah, tka Hfliy Jo`ltor `awspfpar Jo`ltor `awspfpar iah wltk f doih kafhil`a7 ’Jusava`l to Fjo`bl5 bo cfma if`h proda‚. Xka If`h jl`lstry tkft Fjo`bl kafhs ls vary sa`sltlva. Dut lt kfs fiso provah to da f pifma oc kot hafis. Xka jl`lstar Fjo`bl rapifmah, Hfuhl Jlbaraeo, wfs fiso fmmusah oc l`ua`ma pahhil`b. Jlbaraeo“s mojpf`y, L`trfmo Qbf`hf Ith f`h soja oc kls cfjliy jajdars wara fmmusah oc fmqulrl`b if`h l` Ju`yo`yo, f`h klbk a`h frafs o` tka ahbas oc Efjpfif mlty wkara tka `aw A`tadda-Efjpfif Axprass klbkwfy wfs haslb`ah to pfss l` orhar to bat mojpa`sftlo` croj bovar`ja`t. Lt ls tkls el`h oc jass Fjo`bl wfs supposah to miaf` up. Lro`lmfii Lro`lmfiiy, y, ska `ow fppafrs rlbkt ft tka kafrt oc tka prodiaj. Fmmorhl`b to \usuc @sldfjdl, tka Efjpfif Hlstrlmt If`h Dofrh mkflrjf`, Fjo`bl kfs fiso daa` ft tka ma`tra oc f bkt ovar ^iot 6> @fefsaro Tofh, wklmk kousas Cfza 4 Tastfurf`t f`h ls murra`tiy f sudgamt oc f mourt mfsa. L` tkls mfsa, Euihlp ]l`bk Hkfjl, tka rablstarah ow`ar oc tka proparty, kfs suah Efjpfif Hlstrlmt If`h Dofrh, tka Hapfrtah Fslf`s ^roparty Mustohlf` Dofrh (HF^MD) f`h tka Mojjlsslo`ar If`h Tablstrftlo` l` tka Jl`lstry oc If`hs ovar fajpts to brfd kls proparty. Xka HF^MD wfs astfdilskah to tfea mfra oc propartlas daio`bl`b to Fslf`s wko wara axpaiiah dy corjar ^raslha`t Lhl Fjl`. ^frt oc lts god kfs daa` to a`sura Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
66
MOSAT ]XOT\
Datty Fjo`bl (T) f`h kar ifwyar fppafrl`b dacora tka l`qulry
tka Fslf`s wko ratur` to tka mou`try tfea dfme tkalr propartlas. Xka dofrh wouih fiso jf`fba tkosa tkft fra `ot rapossassah dy tka orlbl`fi ow`ars. ^raslha`t Jusava`l“s bovar`ja`t iftar jfha tka hamlslo` tkft fctar 6<<8, tka propartlas tkft kfh `ot daa` rapossassah dy tka orlbl`fi ow`ars wouih da soih o f`h tka dofrh wou`h up. Rka` l` 6<<8, tka HF^MD trlah to tfea ovar Euihlp“s proparty, ka provah to tkaj tkft ka kfh `avar hapfrtah tka mou`try. Fs sumk, tka dofrh dof rh ` ava avarr jf `fb `fbah ah kls pro propar party. ty. L`haah, l` f iattar hftah Gu`a ;, 6<<8, tka tka` fmtl`b samratfry oc HF^HMD, mo`clrjs tkft Euihlp ]l`bk Hkfjl hlh `ot iafva Qbf`hf hurl`b tka 6<24 axohus, f`h tkaracora kls proparty ls `ot sudgamt to tka provlslo`s oc tka Axproprlftah ^ropartlas Fmt 6<;4. ’Ra kfva tkaracora wltkhrfw` lt croj tka ilst oc propartlas to d a soih,‚ tka iattar rafhs l` p frt, ’F`y ’F`y l`mo`va`la`mas mfusah to you f`h your mila`t ls rabrattah.‚ Rltk kls iafsa o` tka proparty `afrl`b lts a`h l` 4>6<, Euihlp fpprofmkah Efjpfif Hlstrlmt If`h Dofrh (EHID) f`h occarah to blva up tka rajfl`l`b parloh o` tka iafsa l` axmkf`ba cor f crask iafsa oc 8< yafrs. EHID brf`tah klj tka 8<-yafr iafsa. L` 4>64, Euihlp a`tarah f` fbraaja`t wltk EHID accamtl`b tka iafsa cor tka 8< yafrs. Kowavar, l` f iattar hftah Omtodar =>, 4>62, If`hs Jl`lstar Fjo`bl, `otah tkft tka EHID hafit wltk Euihlp l` arror. Fppfra`tiy, ska `otah, tka 64
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
if`h l` quastlo` wfs dal`b jf`fbah u`har tka HFM^D. Fjo`bl hajf`hah tkft EHID ravarsas tka hamlslo` to ra`aw tka iafsa wltkl` two waaes, dy @ovajdar 61, 4>62 l` orhar to a`fdia kar raport dfme to tka Hap frta h Fs lf`s Mus Mustohl tohl f` ^roparty Dofrh. Fjo`bl fiso mifljah tkft Mfdl`at kfh plmeah l`tarast l` tka jfttar f`h jfha hlramtlvas fdout tka jf`fbaja`t oc tka hapfrtah Fslf`s propartlas. L` Euhlip“s fdsa`ma, occlmlfis ft tka If`hs Jl`lstry kaih f pudilm kafrl`b f`h jfha f hamlslo` to mf`mai kls `aw iafsa. @sldfjdl wouih iftar iafr` fdout tka piot to tfea ovar tka if`h fctar dal`b dal `b suj jo` jo`ah ah dy tka poi poilma lma to axpifl` kls dofrh“s hamlslo` to brf`t f crask iafsa to Euihlp. Xo clbkt tka brfd, Ahwfrh ]aefdf`gf, Euihlp“s ifwyar, cliah f mourt mfsa o` dakfic oc Euihlp. L` kls fcclhfvlt, Euihlp `otas tkft sl`ma Hamajdar 4>62, ka ramalvah raports croj kls ta`f`t, tka jf`fbar oc Cfza 4, Tastfurf`t tkft vfrlous parso`s wara vlsltl`b tka proparty f`h l`qulrl`b fdout lts ow`arsklp fs tkay kfh l`corjftlo` tkft lt wfs up cor sfia. ]aefdf`gf toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t tkft tka mfsa wfs stlii dacora mourt. ]aefdf`gf wfs fiso siftah to suppiy tka mojjlsslo` wltk jora avlha`ma. Fwfy croj tka if`h brfddl`b fmmusftlo`s, tka mojjlsslo` kafrh tkft Fjo`bl kfs daa` lrrabuifriy hlramtl`b occlmlfis ft tka If`h Jl`lstry to jfea vfst mojpa`sftlo` pfyja`ts.
Avlha`ma dacora tka l`qulry l`hlmftah tkft datwaa` 4>63 f`h 4>62, tka If`hs Jl`lstar hlramtah Fidart Gat kro Jub Jubujyf ujyf,, tk a Qbf` Q bf`hf hf If`h Mojjlsslo` (QIM) Q`harsamratfry to jfea urba`t pfyja`t oc if`h mojpa`sftlo` oc ku`hrahs oc jliilo`s oc skliil`bs to soja `l`a paopia. Xka if`h l`qulry kafrh tkft Fjo`bl mo`trfva`ah pudilm sarvlma protomoi wka` ska hlramtah Jubujyf, tka fmmou`tl`b occlmar l`stafh oc tka QIM mkflrjf` to accamt tka pfyja`ts. Fpfrt croj Fjo`bl, savarfi occlmlfis ft tka If`hs Jl`lstry, kfva ovar tlja daa ` lj pilm fta ftah h l` l ` mo rrup tlo` mkf mkfrba rbas. s. L` Fubust 4>63, ^raslha`t Jusava`l ava` orharah Fjo`bl to hafi wltk tka occlmlfis l` tka If`h Tablstry wko fra l`voivah l` crfuh, morruptlo`, fdusa oc occlma f`h corbary ft tka Jl`lstry. ]frfk Euiftf, tka tka` mojjlss lo`ar cor if`h rablstrftlo`, wko fiso kafhah tka hapfrtja`t oc if`h jf`fbaja`t f`h fhjl`lstrftlo` f`h Gok` Josas Jfbfif, f sa`lor bovar`ja`t vfiuar, wko wfs fmmusah oc l`ciftl`b if`h mojpa`sftlo` vfiua cor EfjpfifA`tadda Axprasswfy dy dliilo`s oc skliil`bs, wara `fjah. L`tarastl`biy, Euiftf kfh pravlousiy daa ` l` tarh lmt lmtah ah dy tka LBB o`iy to da ratur`ah rat ur`ah to oma om a dy corjar corj ar If`hs Jl`lstar, Hfuhl Jlbaraeo. \at tka LBB kfh wrota to If`hs Jl`lstry futkorltlas `otl`b tkft ska kfh astfdilskah tkft datwaa` 4>66-4>6=, 88 mojpifl`ts fiiabl`b crfuh, morruptlo` morruptlo`,, fdusa oc oma, corbary f`h `abilba`ma fbfl`st If`h Tablstrfrs wara iohbah l` Euiftf“s oma. Rka` Jlbaraeo wfs tfl`tah,
MOSAT ]XOT\
Jusava`l tkraw klj out. Lt ls `ot miafr wkft cfta fwflts Fjo`bl ” lc f`y. ’Lt ls u`cortu`fta,‚ Gok` Ilvl`bsto`a Oeaiio-Oeaiio,, f corjar mojjlsslo`ar Oeaiio-Oeaiio ft tka If`hs Jl`lstry toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t , , ’Lc tkls wfs l` f sarlous L`hapa`ha`t sarlo us bovar`ja`t, Fjo`bl wouih kfva daa` suspa`hah, fseah to stap how` or hlsjlssah.‚ Ka `otah tkft wklia morruptlo` ft tka If`hs oma ls `ot `aw, tka iftast havaiopja`ts skow tkft lt ls bal`b worsa. Oeaiio-Oeaiio kfs fiso opa`iy mrltlmlsah Fjo`bl cor kar roia l` cfmliltftl`b cfmliltftl `b bovar`ja`t“s fajpts to brfd if`h l` Fjuru, `ortkar` Qbf`hf. Kowavar, wklia o` tka Fjuru if`h quastlo` ka dailavas ^raslha`t Jusava`l“s bovar`ja`t wfs usl`b Fjo`bl, kar iftast troudias fppafr kar ow` jfel`b f`h l`ta`hah cor parso`fi da`at. Oeaiio-Oeaiio toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t tkft cor tka 4> yafrs‘a`hl`b 6<<2-ka wfs f mojjlsslo`ar ft tka If`hs Jl`lstry, ka wouih fmmojpf`y tka il`a jl`lstar to tka mustohlf` dofrh. ’L kfh `avar saa` f mfsa wkara f Jl`lstar fppilah or tooe if`h croj tka dofrh,‚ Oeaiio-Oeaiio sflh, ’Lc jajdars oc tka mustohlf` dofrh fra hol`b tkft, tka` wkft ls iact oc tkls dofrh?‚ Oeaiio-Oeaiio fiso sarvah fs f Jajdar oc ^frilfja`t u`har tka Qbf`hf ^aopia“s Mo`brass (Q^M), f pfrty tkft Fjo`bl sudsmrldas to f`h wklmk ls murra`tiy kafhah dy kar kusdf`h, Gljjy Fea`f, tka so` oc corjar ^raslha`t Fpoiio Jlito` Odota. Q`har Odota, Oeaiio-Oeaiio sfys, bovar`ja`t tooe braft mfra to a`sura fmmou`tfdlilty fmmou`tfdl ilty oc tka Fslf` fdf`ho`ah propartlas. Fppfra`tiy, Odota kfh wfr`ah tkft lc `ot waii suparvlsah, tkasa propartlas wouih da f jfgor sourma oc morruptlo` f`h ka fiwfys jfha sura to suparvlsa tkaj. \usuc @sldfjdl, tka mkflrjf`, Efjpfif Hlstrlmt If`h Dofrh, wko kfs daa` ft tka ma`tra oc soja oc tka hlsputas l`voivl`b tkasa propartlas, toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t tkft L`hapa`ha`t tkft tka mkfiia`bas surrou`hl`b Fslf` propartlas fra how` to crfuhuia`t f`h l`slhar hafil`bs ft tka Hapfrtah Fslf`s ^ropartlas Mustohlf` Dofrh. Ka cfuitah tka dofrh f`h tka Cl`f`ma Jl`lstry, wklmk ovarsaas lt, cor jass l`b up tka promass f`h haifyl`b to wl`h up tka dofrh. L` 4>63, tka Fuhltor Ba`arfi rflsah tkasa mo`mar`s @sldfjdl ls rflsl`b ovar haify to wl`h up tka dofrh. @sldfjdl fiso `otah tkft omlfis kfva crustrftah aorts dy soja Fslf` ow`ars to rapossass tkalr propartlas f`h kfva fiso outrlbktiy soubkt to brfd tka
sfja. Fpfrt croj tka bkt wltk @sldfjdl, Fjo`bl `ow `hs karsaic ft tka ma`tra oc f`otkar bkt ovar f`otkar proparty. ]avarfi fajpts to rafmk kar cor f mojja`t o` tkasa jfars wara cutlia fs ska hlh `ot plme our mfiis. L` tka iftast mfsa, ska ls dal`b fmmusah oc fajptl`b to brfd cour prlja propartlas wltk l` Efjpfif, tkroubk f mojpf`y, Fjodat L`vastja`ts Ith, wklmk ska sfys ska mo-ow`s wltk kar slstar. If`h Jl`lstry omlfis kfva ovar tka yafrs daa` fmmusah oc crfuh, morruptlo`, corbary f`h fdusa oc oma cor yafrs dut lc tka avlha`ma dacora tka o`-bol`b if`h l`qulry ls f`ytkl`b to bo dy, Fjo`bl jlbkt da tka rst If`hs sll`b jl`lstar wkosa kf`h kfs daa` mfubkt l` tka tlii wklia l` oma. Lro`lmfiiy, Lro`lmfii y, wka` ^raslha`t Jusava`l fppol`tah kar to kafh tka homeat o`a yafr f`h aiava` jo`tks fbo, jf`y
\usuc @s @sldf jdl
Hfuhl Jlbaraeo
kopah tkft fs f` opposltlo` poiltlmlf`, wko kfh spa`t yafrs mrltlmlzl`b bovar`ja`t cor morruptlo` fjo`b otkars, ska wouih drl`b soja sf`lty to tka jl`lstry. Xka mfsa fbfl`st Fjo`bl aruptah wka` o` Jfy 8, f o`a Xoskfe ^ftai tastlah dacora mojjlsslo` tkft Fjo`bl, tkroubk f mojpf`y mfiiah Fjodat L`vastja`ts Ith, kfs daa` tryl`b to brfd kls proparty iomftah l` upsmfia Eoioio, Efjpfif. Xka proparty l` quastlo` wfs pravlousiy u`har tka mustohlf`sklp oc HF^MD. ^ftai“s cfjliy rapossassah tka proparty l` 6<<4 f`h kfs daa` ra`tl`b lt out fs dusl`ass prajlsas. Kowavar, o` Ham.64 4>62, Fjo`bl“s ajpioyaa, tka jf`fbl`b hlramtor oc Fjodat, Ka`ry Judlru, fppilah cor tka sfja proparty f`h tka HF^MD fiiomftah lt to tka mojpf`y. Lt tooe o`iy two hfys cor tka HF^MD Axamutlva ]amratfry, Baorba Rliilfj Dlzldu to fwfrh tka proparty to Fjodat. ^ftai kfh firafhy raportah to
tka l`qulry tkft Fjo`bl ow`s Fjodat. Xka mojjlsslo` rst sujjo`ah Fjo`bl o` Jfy 2 dut ska hlh `ot fppafr. Xka mojjlsslo` sujjo`ah kar fbfl` to fppafr o` Jfy ;, skort oc wklmk ska wouih da frrastah. Cl`fiiy, wka` ska fppafrah o` Jfy ;, tka mojjlsslo` stfrtah kar o wltk tka fiiabftlo`ss ska fajptah to brfd ^ftai“s fiiabftlo` proparty tkroubk kar mojpf`y Fjodat. Fppafrl`b dacora tka l`qulry, Fjo`bl fhjlah tkft ska mo-ow`s Fjodat wltk kar slstar, Efta Oho`bo. Homuja`ts dacora tka l`qulry ravafiah tkft kar ajpioyaa‘ Fjodat“s Jf`fbl`b Hlramtor, Judlru, kfh fppilah `ot cor o`a dut cour propartlas‘o`a l` L`hustrlfi Fraf, f`otkar fio`b ^rl`ma Mkfrias Hrlva l` Eoioio, f`otkar o` Fmfmlf Fva`ua f`h f`otkar fio`b Eyfho`ho. Fii tkasa fra prlja propartlas tkft kfva daa` u`har tka mustohlf`sklp oc HF^MD. Fs If`hs Jl`lstar, Fjo`bl ls f jajdar oc tka HF^MD. Fs par tka fppilmftlo`, o`a oc tka propartlas wfs to da havaiopah l`to f johar` cur`ltura skowrooj, f`otkar l`to f raslha`tlfi dulihl`b, f`otkar l`to raslha`tlfi fpfrtja`ts, f`h f`otkar l`to f johar` oma diome. Rka` mou`sai oc tka Mojjlsslo`, Adart Dya`eyf, fseah Fjo`bl wkatkar ska e`aw fdout tka fppilmftlo`s, ska mifljah ska hlh `ot. ]ka toih tka l`qulry tkft fs hlramtors oc Fjodat‘ karsaic f`h kar slstar‘kfh brf`tah Judlru fii tka powars to mo`humt fii oparftlo`fi dusl`ass o` kar dakfic. ]ka mifljah tkft Judlru kfh fppilah o` kls ow` f`h o`iy l`corjah tkaj wka` ka a`mou`tarah prodiajs l` tka p romassas oc promassl`b tka fmqulsltlo` oc tka propartlas. Rka` tka mou`sai prassah kar o` wkatkar tka mojpf`y kfh `ot put tobatkar f dusl`ass pif` cor tka havaiopja`ts tkay wara pif``l`b o` tkasa propartlas, ska mifljah tkft Judlru kfh `ot l`corjah tkaj fs ka wfs stlii hol`b hua hlilba`ma f`h kfh o`iy jf`fbah to s amura tajporfry fiiomftlo`‘cor fiiomftl o`‘cor slx jo`tks‘cor o`iy o`a oc tka propartlas. L`tarastl`biy, tka l`qulry fiso kafrh tkft cor f proparty wortk ]ks1dliilo`, Fjo`bl“s mojpf`y wfs o`iy raqulrah to pfy f jo`tkiy rfta oc ]ks. 11>,>>>. Xka otkar quastlo` tkft puzziah jf`y ls kow Judlru kfppa`ah to bat l`corjftlo` tkft tkasa cour propartlas u`har tka mustohlf`sklp oc tka dofrh wara fvflifdia cor fiiomftlo` dy tka dofrh. Xka ioblmfi mo`miuslo` mo`m iuslo` wouih da tkft jl`lstar Fjo`bl, wko slts o` tka dofrh, bfva Judlru Ju dlru tka l`corjftlo`. l`c orjftlo`. Dut ska ha`las lt. ]o wkft wlii ^raslha`t Jusava`l ho fdout tkft? Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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Rkara brfhuftl`b wltk yl`b moiours ls `o tlmeat to f god Dy ]tapka` @uwfblrf
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l`hl`b hlramtlo` fctar brfhuftlo` mf` da mojpiax, mo`cusl`b, f`h crustrftl`b. Xkft ls wkft soja you`b brfhuftas hlsmovarah rama`tiy wka` tkay fa`hah nGod @at“5 tka f``ufi Elbfil Ajpioyja`t ]arvlma Ma`tra (EA]M) god cflr l` tka Twf`hf` mfpltfi. Lt wfs fs lc tka spafears f`h axparts ft 68
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
tka cflr sat out to puzzia tka fa`haas wltk hlara`t jassfbas, soja oc tkaj fppafrl`b mo`trfhlmtory or mo`lmtl`b. Xka god cflr ls f braft pifma cor `hl`b f god, fmmorhl`b to EA]M Jf`fbar, Fioys @lyo`sfdf. Qp to 4<2 bot gods tkroubk ramrultars tkay jat ft tka cflr ifst yafr, 6=> fctar tka cflr l` 4>63, f`h 64; l` 4>61. Qp to 6,418 paopia kfva boa` gods tkroubk tka ma`tra, fmmorhl`b to EA]M.
@AXROTEL@B
MOJJQ@LMFXLO@
]OCX ]ELII]
Dut ava` cor tkosa wko wara mo`ha`t tka ramrultars wouih da mojpatl`b cor tkalr slb`ftura damfusa tkay brfhuftah fjo`b tka top va stuha`ts l` tkalr mifss, tka cflr mouih kfva daa` hfu`tl`b. Kfrhast klt wara tkosa wko, yafrs fctar brfhuftlo`, kfva stlii `ot if`hah tkalr hrafj god5 wklmk ls `ot u`usufi. Fctar fii fdout 46 par ma`t oc Twf`hf` youtk fra godiass god iass,, wkli wkliaa tka tka `ft `ftlo` lo`fi fi u`a u`ajpi jpioyj oyja`t a`t
TRF@HF
f`h jfreat tkajsaivas. Xkls wfy, you mf` afsliy if`h your hrafj god.
Rka` a`trapra`aursklp ls tka f`swar
rfta ls 63.2 par ma`t f`h 6;.6 par ma`t l` Elbfil. Jf`y torja`t tkajsaivas wltk quastlo`s ilea7 Rkft ls wro`b wltk jy MS? Ho tkasa paopia wf`t jahlomra brfhuftas tkay mf` u`har pfy? Hlh L stuhy tka wro`b moursa? Rkft mouih da tka prodiaj? Xka prassura plias o` wka`, fctar yafrs oc dal`b dal `b toih toih tkf tkftt stuh stuhyl` yl`b b kfrh kfrh f`h afr afr`l` `l`b b booh brfhas wouih a`sura o`a bot f booh god,, tka god tka jass jassfba fba swl swltmk tmkas as mojpi mojpiatai ataiy. y. @ow, tka kujf` rasourma axparts wara taiil`b tkaj tkft ’f`yo`a wko tkl`es tkft brfhuftl`b wltk yl`b moiours ls f tlmeat to f god wlii da braftiy hlsfppol`tah l` tohfy“s god jfr jfreat‚ eat‚.. Fppfra`tiy, ramrultars wf`t jora tkf` gustt booh gus booh fmf fmfhajl hajlmm qufi qufilm lmftl ftlo`s o`s55 tkay tkay wf wf`t `t sojatkl`b mfiiah tka ’rlbkt t‚ cor tkalr orbf`lsftlo`s. ]o wkft ls tkft? Cor Lsfdaiif Efjf`f, tka ^aopia Orbf`lsftlo`fi Havaiopja`t jf`fbar ft Kal`aea` Twf`hf (Drfilrwf), tkft jaf`s tka rlbkt mf`hlhfta just kfva tka rlbkt seliis, rlbkt fltuha, f`h rlbkt axparla`ma. ’Fs f ramrultar, L wf`t sojao`a wltk tka rlbkt iafharsklp f`h cu`mtlo`fi seliis, fs waii fs e`owiahba mo`mar`l`b tka dusl`a dus l`ass, ss,‚‚ ska ska sfl sflh h l` l` f` f` l`ta l`tarvl rvlaw aw ft tka ava`t. Efjf`f sflh jf`y god-saaears ifme tkasa seliis. ’Cor l`stf`ma, lt“s kfrh cor us to bat paopia to ii posltlo`s l` frafs ilea futojftlo` a`bl`aarl`b f`h otkar spamlfilsah aihs,‚ ska sflh. Cor F`ysla Jurorujwara, tka ]eoi Drawary KT jf`fbar, tka comus ls o` soct seliis5 sumk fs mojju`lmftlo` f`h paopia seliis. ’Xkasa seliis fra assa`tlfi cor f`y orbf`lsftlo` to fmklava lts odgamtlvas,‚ sflh Jurorujwaza. Xo tkft ilst, @lmkoifs Jobfzl, f ramrultar ft @CX Mo`suit, f rablo`fi KT f`h ramrultja`t rj, f`h Hfvl` @uwfblrf5 tka Tasourml`b Omar ft L&J Df`e, fhhah
prasa`tftlo` f`h wrltl`b. ’L` jf`y mfsas, sojao`a wltk f rosy MS tur`s out to da tka axfmt opposlta oc tkalr proia hurl`b cfma-to-cfma l`tarvlaws,‚ Jobfzl sflh, ’Lhafiiy o`a“s proia skouih jftmk tkft oc tkaj wka` tkay fppafr cor tka l`tarvlaw. ’God-saaears skouih e`ow tkft `o mojpf`y mf` klra f parso` wltk mo`lmtl`b proias or jlsraprasa`tftlo`. ’Fppilmf`ts `aah to u`harstf`h tkft MSs fra drf`hl`b toois.‚ Jaf`wklia, @uwfblrf sfys rjs wf`t mf`hlhftas wltk tka rlbkt fltuha f`h tkosa tkft mf` aortiassiy t l` tka mojpf`y muitura. Ft Ft L&J Df`e tkay fra iooel`b cor sojao`a wltk tka rlbkt dfif`ma datwaa` axmaiia`t fmfhajlm qufilmftlo`s f`h soct seliis. ’]oja to stf`h out oc tka mrowh,‚ fmmorhl`b to @uwfblrf.
Mrafta ow` pftk to f god
@uwfblrf urbas crask brfhuftas to a`roii cor u`pflh l`tar`sklp to ko`a tkalr seliis f`h bfl` axparla`ma, frbul`b tkft axposura f`h axparla`ma fra prlmaiass. ]ka fhvlsas god-saaears `ot to put jfel`b jo`ay fkafh oc seliis fmqulsltlo` damfusa tka rlbkt axposura f`h axparla`ma jfeas o`a jora mojpatltlva l` tka god jfreat. Jobfzl a`mourfbas god-saaears to e`ow tkalr mfraar odgamtlvas f`h fiso lha`tlcy seliis f`h mojpata`mlas tkft jfea tkaj stf`h out croj tka mrowh. ’Iooe jora ft wkft you ilea to ho rftkar tkf` wkft you wara trfl`ah to ho damfusa mojpf`las fra l`mrafsl`biy iooel`b out cor fii-rou`h paopia wltk axmaiia`t paopia seliis,‚ ka axpifl`s. Ka fhhs tkft o`a“s dakfvlour f`h pracara`mas `ow pify f dlb pfrt stf ramrultja`t. Mamlia Jdfskljlska, tka mojju`lmftlo`s f`h ava`ts omar ft Hlbltfi Opportu`lty Xrust (HOX) Twf`hf, fhvlsas god-saaears to `atwore, sfyl`b tkls a`fdias tkaj to jaat pota`tlfi ajpioyars
Rka` `fiiy tka hlramtlo` to f braft god fppa fppafra frah h to to da da miaf miafrl` rl`b, b, tka Jl` Jl`lst lstar ar oc ^udilm ]arvlma f`h Ifdour, Cf`cf` Twf`yl`ho Efylrf`bwf, wko wfs tka jfl` spafear ft tka cflr, fhhah f`otkar twlst. ’Mrafta your ow` gods,‚ ska toih tka you`b paopia. Fmmorhl`b to kar, a`trapra`aursklp ls braft damfusa lt kfs f juitlpilar aamt mraftas gods cor dusl`ass ow`ars f`h otkar Twf`hf`s fs waii. Xka jl`lstar wfs praslhl`b E]AM God @at cflr o` Jfy =. Haputy Mlty oc Elbfil Jfyor (L` mkfrba oc somlfi sarvlmas), ^ftrlmlf Juko`barwf, ruddah lt l` kfrhar. ’]tfrt ow` dusl`assas l`stafh oc mkfsl`b fctar tka caw gods l` bovar`ja`t f`h prlvfta samtor,‚ ska sflh. L` cfmt, ska toih tka youtk, corj mooparftlvas. HOX“s Jdfskljlska sflh tkl`bs skouih `ot da hlmuit lc o`a ls mraftlva. ’\ou ’\ ou kfva brfhuftah5 you kfva f` axmaiia`t MS, wkft `axt? Rkft you skouih da tkl tkl`el` `el`b b fdou fdoutt `ow `ow ls kow to pro provlh vlhaa soiutlo`s to mojju`lty mkfiia`bas `ot iooel`b cor posk oma gods,‚ ska urbas. ’Bo to your mojju`ltlas f`h provlha soiutlo`s to tka mkfiia`bas tkay cfma5 tkosa fra your gods,‚ ska sflh. Xkosa subbastlo`s fppafr to kfva woreah cor ]u`hfy Tobars, tka jfreatl`b jf`fbar oc Mymia L`vastja`t Mooparftlva (MLM), f jlmro`f`ma l`stltutlo`. Ka sflh saic-ajpioyja`t ls murra`tiy tka dast opt optlo` lo` cor cra crask sk brf brfhuf huftas tas f`h you youtk tk ba`arfiiy. ’Rorel`b cor otkars ls oih ja`tfilty tkft youtk just hlsmfrh,‚ ka sflh. Ka fhvlsah youtk to stfrt wltk wkftavar ilia jo`ay o`a kfs. ’Xka dlbbast prodiaj ls tka jlsmo`maptlo` fjo`b you`b paopia tkft o`a `aahs f iot oc jo`ay to stfrt f dusl`a dus l`ass,‚ ss,‚ ka sfl sflh. h. Gok` Gok ` Eftf Eftfdfr dfrwf wf,, f stu stuha` ha`tt oc oc dusl dusl`as `asss f`h l`corjftlo` tamk`oioby, wfs `ot mo`vl`mah. Ka l`slstah tkft bal`b ava` sjfii stfrtup mfpltfi ls f dlb prodiaj prava`tl`b tka youtk croj damojl`b a`trapra`aurs. Lt ls `ot surprlsl`b tkft jf`y fa`haas stlii kfh tkalr ayas o` tkft posk oma god, lts crustrftlo`s `otwltkstf`hl`b. ^ftrlme Lrfhueu`hf, f god-saaear f`h tourlsj f`h kospltfilty jf`fbaja`t brfhufta, eapt wo`harl`b kow ramrultars axpamt you`b brfhuftas to kfva axparla`ma. ’Xkls ls f dlb mkfiia`ba u`ajpioyah paopia cfma l` tka god jfreat,‚ ka sflh. Hlauho``a Juskljlyljf`f, f godiass brfhufta, oarah ava` jora pfl`. ’]oja rjs kfva `o trf`spfra`my,‚ ka sflh, ’Xkay fhvartlsa gods tkft kfva firafhy daa` iiah!‚ Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
61
TRF@HF
God ku`tl`b l` Elbfil `aah mkf`ba fttltuha @axt ba`arftlo` oc 4>>,>>> gods raqulras jora tkf` gust bol`b dayo`h cfrjs Dy ]tapka` @uwfblrf
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fjfsma`a Xuylsa`ba ls f brfhufta tafmkar. Dut ka kfh cfliah to bat f god ” u`tli ka a`roiiah ft Elbfil Ajpioyja`t ]arvlma Ma`tra (EA]M), f bovar`ja`t a`trapra`aursklp trfl`l`b cfmlilty l` tka Twf`hf` mfpltfi. Xohfy, Xuylsa`ba ru`s kls ow` dusl`ass f`h tfies axmltahiy fdout kow EA]M tur`ah kls ilca frou`h. ’Xka trfl`l`b kaipah ja to hlsmovar jy pota`tlfi f`h `ow L fj jy ow` doss,‚ ka sfys, ’L afr` booh jo`ay avary hfy.‚ Ka hasmrldas kls dusl`ass wklmk ka stfrtah wltk Twc6>>,>>> (Fpprox. Q.]$6>>) f`h kfs daa` browl`b stap-dy-stap. Xuylsa`ba“s story ls sljlifr to jf`y tkft Fiioys @lyo`sfdf, tka EA]M jf`fbar, kafrs octa`. ’Lt ls ljportf`t to trfl` godsaaears, aspamlfiiy crask brfhuftas f`h otkar you`b paopia, to aqulp tkaj wltk tka raqulslta axpartlsa to da fdia to stfrt up tkalr ow` a`tarprlsas f`h ajpioy otkar Twf`hf`s,‚ ka sfys.Xka bovar`ja`t sat up EA]M fs pfrt oc l`tarva`tlo`s to mrafta ovar 4>>,>>> o-cfrj gods. @lyo`sfdf“s god ls to trfl` crask brfhuftas f`h otkar mlty raslha`ts l` vfrlous trfhas5 l`miuhl`b a`trapra`aursklp f`h dusl`ass 63
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
jf`fbaja`t, fs pfrt oc tka bovar`ja`t strftaby to projota god-mraftlo` tkroubk saic-ajpioyja`t. ’L`stafh oc you`b paopia wfltl`b cor bovar`ja`t or morporfta gods tkft tkay jlbkt `avar bat, wa aqulp tkaj wltk seliis to stfrt tkalr ow` a`tarprlsas f`h ajpioy otkar Twf`hf`s,‚ ka sfys. Xka youtk fra fiso supportah to samura iof`s croj df`es f`h jlmro`f`ma l`stltul`stltu tlo`s (JCLs) u`har tka Dusl`ass Havaiopja`t Cu`h (DHC) to elme-stfrt or axpf`h tkalr a`tarprlsas.
Rorryl`b stftlstlms
Lt“s f` urba`t jlsslo` fs tka u`ajpioyja`t stftlstlms l` Twf`hf fra `ot booh. Xka `ftlo`fi u`ajpioyja`t rfta ls 63.2 par ma`t. L` Elbfil, tka jost urdf`lsah pfrt oc tka mou`try, lt ls 6;.6 par ma`t. Fjo`b tka youtk, wko fra tka dlbbast hajobrfpklm, u`ajpioyja`t ls 46 par ma`t. Xka u`ajpioyja`t buras fra jftmkah wltk aqufiiy worryl`b povarty `ujdars. Xka bovar`ja`t“s pif` ls to a`sura tkft Twf`hf`s ffl` f klbk stf`hfrh oc ilvl`b l` f jlh-l`moja amo`ojy wltk f` fvarfba l`moja par parso` oc fdout Q]$6,438 (Fpprox. Twc 6 jliilo`) par yafr.
Xkft bura ls murra`tiy Q.]$22; wltk fdout =>% oc Twf`hf`s ilvl`b l` axtraja povarty. Xkasa fra mo`hltlo`s wklmk fra hasmrldah dy tka Jatfhftf Kf`hdooe, AH^T]4 & JHBs l`hlmftors, 4>68 fs ilvl`b o` iass tkf` Twc38,>>> (Fpprox. Q.]$ 2>) par fhuit par yafr jafsurah l` 4>>6 prlmas f`h aqulvfia`t to Twc66;,>>> (Fpprox. Twc 6=1) fmmorhl`b to 4>6> prlmas. Xka bovar`ja`t f`h EA]M omlfis dailav dai lavaa tkft tkft ajdr ajdrfml fml`b `b a`tr a`trapra apra`au `aursk rsklp lp wlii slb`lmf`tiy rahuma tkasa buras sl`ma jost dusl`assas stfrtah ajpioy jora tkf` o`a parso`. Xka pif`s fra bulhah dy tka mou`try“s Amo`ojlm Havaiopja`t f`h ^ovarty Tahumtlo` ]trftaby (AH^T]4L) wklmk iooes o` tka prlvfta samtor to mrafta tka jumk `aahah gods. Lt ls fii pfrt oc tka mou`try“s sava`-yafr bovar`ja`t probrfjja cor `ftlo`fi trf`scorjftlo`. Xka EA]M cfmliltftas god-saaears to axpiora god opportu`ltlas f`h afsa fmmass to ifdour jfreat l`corjftlo`. Lts jatkohs fra haslb`ah to skfrpa` tka seliis oc pota`tlfi f`h up-f`h-mojl`b you`b a`trapra`aurs. Lt mou`sais f`h aqulps brfhuftas f`h otkar Twf`hf`s wltk seliis to stfrt tkalr ow` dusl`a dus l`assas ssas,, wklm wklmk k mraf mraftas tas god godss cor cor tkaj tkaj,, f`h f`h otkar you`b paopia. Fs pfrt oc tkls yafr“s Ifdour Hfy maiadrftlo`s, cor axfjpia, EA]M mo`humtah f spamlfi trfl`l`b probrfjja cor brfhuftas to skfrpa` tkalr seliis l` a`trapra`aursklp f`h bulhf`ma o` frafs l` wklmk tkay mf` stfrt dusl`a dus l`ass. ss.
\ou \ outk tk aj ajdr drfm fmaa tk tkal alrr pf pfss sslo lo``
Xuylsa`ba fbraas wltk @lyo`sfdf` tkft you`b paopia `aah to mkf`ba tkalr fltuha fwfy morporfta f`h bovar`ja`t gods wklmk fra smfrma f`h damoja mraftlva f`h iooe ft saic-ajpioyja`t fs f` fitar`ftlva. Ka sfys a`trapra`aursklp wlii afsliy provlha godss cor god cor tka tka a`t a`tarp arprls rlsaa ow`ar ow`arss f`h f`h tko tkosa sa tkay ajpioy. Ka fiso wf`ts EA]M to tfrbat klbkar a`roii oc you`b paopia to l`mrafsa lts rafmk f`h ljpfmt. Fil`a Qjuto`l, tka EA]M god mou`saior, sfys tka ma`tra ls a`mourfbl`b u`ajpioyah brfhuftas f`h l`tarastah morporftas to axpiolt tka ljja`sa pota`tlfi l` vomftlo`fi trfl`l`b moursas. Qjuto`l sfys tkft tka ma`tra kfs firafhy ja`torah f`h supportah you`b brfhuftas l`tarastah l` tka cfsklo` f`h haslb` samtor to ho tfliorl`b moursas, wklia otkars kfva gol`ah gol `ah kfv kfvaa trfl trfl`ah `ah l` mft mftarl arl`b, `b, wai waihl` hl`b, b, jotor vaklmia jamkf`lms, f`h flr mo`hltlo`l`b f`h racrlbarftlo` seliis. Xkay fiso kaip god-saa god -saaear earss to bat oppo opportu rtu`lt `ltlas las,, aspam aspamlfi lfiiy iy l` tka frafs l` wklmk tkay fra pfsslo`fta fdout, dut fra `ot qufilah l`. ’Cor l`stf`ma, lc you ilea to mooe ft koja wka` your cfjliy kfs vlsltors, tka` wky `ot try lt out fs f vomftlo` sl`ma you fra pfsslo`fta fdout lt. Xka hrlva to ljprass vlsltors wltk your mooel`b skows your klhha` l`tarast5 axpiora f`h tur` lt l`to f dlb dusl`ass va`tura,‚ Qjuto`l fhvlsas.
CAFXQTA
Mkljp tarror l` Du`yoro Gf`a Boohfii L`stltuta amo - pklif`tkropy mojas to tka rasmua Dy Gljjy ]lyf
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fsookf ma`trfi corast rasarva l` Efso`bolra ^frlsk l` Jfsl`hl Hlstrlmt, l` tka Du`yoro rablo` oc wastar` Qbf`hf ls mkljpf`zaa mou`try. Xka ifrba fpas fra tarrorlsl`b raslha`ts. Xkay aft tkalr mrops, ffme mklihra` f`h woja`, f`h jfea ilca kfrh cor kujf`s. Jf`y raslha`ts kfva korror storlas l`voivl`b tka mkljps. Xkay taii storlas oc kow tkay kfva wrastiah f mkljpf`zaa f`h survlvah. Dut soja a`h trfblmfiiy. Jfrlfj Jlru`bl, 68, taiis tka story oc kow ska coubkt f mkljpf`zaa. ]ka wfs o`iy cour ft tka tlja f`h wfs koja fio`a wka` tka mkljpf`zaa pou`mah. ]ka wfs iumey to ilva dut tka fpa dlt kar f`h iact kar wltk parjf`a`t jajory ioss. Q`ilea jost oc kar paars wko bo to smkooi, ska kfs `ot bo`a to smkooi. Lssf Lsl`bojf Juburusl daio`bs to f`otkar broup ” oc l`hlramt suarars oc mkljp ffmes. Juburusl“s hfubktar kfh bo`a to kar bfrha` o` tka corast ahba. ]ka pifmah tka sava`-jo`tk-oih dfdy u`har f skah fs ska stfrtah worel`b. Q`e`ow` to kar, f mkljpf`zaa l` f `afrdy tklmeat wfs wftmkl`b, f`h jo`ltorl`b kar jovaja`ts. Lt gujpah croj lts klhaout, brfddah tka dfdy, dfd y, f`h hfs hfskah kah l`t l`to o tka tka dus dusk. k. Juburusl, 23, sfys kar hfubktar kfh `o mkf`ma oc rasmul`b tka dfdy o` kar ow`. ]ka rflsah f` fifrj tkft frfmtah `albkdours l` `afrdy bfrha`s. Frjah wltk stlmes, miuds f`h pf`bfs, tkay jou`tah f safrmk dut tka mkljp miljdah f traa wltk tka dfdy. Rka` tka `olsa l`ta`slah, tka mkljp hroppah tka dfdy. dfd y. Jub Juburu urusl sl sfys kls brf brf`hm `hmkli klih h hlah hlah l`stf`tiy. Xka dfdy“s dohy wfs tfea` to tka `afrdy Jfsl`hl Kospltfi cor f postjortaj to mo`rj mfusa oc haftk f`h avlha`ma to saae gustlma croj tka `ftlo`fi mo`sarvftlo` fba`my‘tka Qbf`hf Rlihilca Futkorlty. Futkorlty. Dut Juburusl sfys tkay hlh `ot ramalva jumk kaip. ’Xkay sljpiy sflh wa kfh hlsturdah tka mkljpf`zaas f`h tkft tka pa`fity cor eliil`b f mkljpf`zaa rf`bas datwaa` 6> to 61 yafrs l` prlso`, so wa kfh to blva up,‚ Juburusl ramfiis. Xka l`mlha`t kfppa`ah 6> yafrs fbo l` 4>>< dut Juburusl ramfiis lt ilea lt kfppa`ah yastarhfy.
Mkljpf`zaas o` tka ioosa
Dfbujf Josas, wko `albkdours Juburusl, difjas tka mkljpf`zaa dakfvlour towfrhs tkaj to El`yfrf ]ubfr Rores, wklmk ka sfys, hastroyah f corast tkft wfs koja to jost oc tka mkljps. ’Fs mojju`ltlas wa fra pfyl`b p fyl`b tka
prlma cor tka a`mrofmkars ilea El`yfrf subfr Rores wko miafrah tka 8> sq ej Twadltaif corast rasarva cor subfr mf`a cfrjl`b,‚ ka sfys. ’Xka corast usah to kost mkljps, tkay mouih siaap f`h fiso bat tkalr cooh tkara dut `ow mkljps fra o` tka mo`stf`t safrmk cor `aw pifmas to stfy.‚ Qbf`hf` mo`sarvftlo`lsts astljfta tkft Qbf`hf kfs fdout 1>>> mkljpf`zaa l` tka wlih, jfl`iy l` wastar` Qbf`hf. Xka prljfry tkrafts to mkljpf`zaas l` rama`t yafrs kfva daa`5 kfdltft hastrumtlo` (hacorastftlo`), iobbl`b, ku`tl`b f`h hlsafsa. Fii tkasa fra difjah o` tka rfplh kujf` popuiftlo` browtk. Mo`sarvftlo`lsts cafr tkls mouih hastroy tourlsj fmtlvltlas tkft hlramtiy hapa`h o` wlih fpa popuiftlo`s ilea borliif, dfdoo`s f`h mkljpf`zaa. Dut lt fppafrs fii ls `ot iost.
Gf`aa Booh Gf` Boohfii fii l`t l`tarv arva`a a`ass
Xka mkljpf`zaa ffmes l` Efsookf sou`h cfjlilfr fmross jumk oc aquftorlfi Fcrlmf wkara tka prljftas o`ma rofjah craaiy l` tkalr jliilo`s. Xohfy mo`sarvftlo` buras put tka `uj`uj dar oc mkl mkljpf` jpf`zaa zaass l` l` wkft wkft ls e`o e`ow` w` fs tka mkljpf`zaa dait ft fdout =>>,>>>. Xka dait stratmkas croj soutkar` ]a`abfi tkroubk ma`trfi Fcrlmf to wastar` Xf`zf`lf. Mo`sarvftlo`lsts fra fwfra oc tka mo`lmt f`h kfva daa` havlsl`b jaf`s oc wl`-wl` mo-axlsta`ma datwaa` tka fpas f`h kujf`s.
O`a l`tar`ftlo`fi mo`sarvftlo` fba`my, tka Gf`a Booh Gf`a Boohfii fii L`s L`stlt tltuta uta,, fra fra pfr pfrt`ar t`arl`b l`b wlt wltk k tka mojju`ltlas frou`h corast rasarvas to aqulp tkaj wltk tlps oc mo-axlstl`b wltk tka mkljps. Xka Gf`a Boohfii L`stltuta ls mkfjplo`l`b tka mo`sarvftlo` oc mkljpf`zaas l` tka Du`yoro sud-rablo`. Todart Ftubo`zf, Ftubo`zf, tka @fturfi Tasourmas f`h Ilvailkooh Omar ft tka Gf`a Boohfii L`stltuta, rama`tiy toih f broup oc gour`filsts tkft tka flj ls to rahuma tka mo`lmt datwaa dat waa` ` fpa fpa f`h jf` l` tkl tklss rabl rablo`. o`. Ftubo`zf sfys tka l`stltuta supports tka mojju`ltlas to va`tura l`to `aw wfys to afr` f ilvl`b fwfy croj curtkar a`mrofmkl`b o` tka rajfl`l`b corasts. Xka orbf`lsftlo` supports l`moja ba`arftl`b fmtlvltlas sumk fs plbbary, boft rafrl`b, f`h fplmuitura. ’Ra kfva supportah tkasa mojju`ltlas wltk jo`ay ba`arftl`b fmtlvltlas to rahumas tkalr ovar hapa`ha`my o` `fturfi corasts wkara tkay moiiamt ra wooh, kfrkfr vast tljdar cor jo`ay f`h moiiamt wftar cor hojastlm usa,‚ Ftubo`zf sflh, ’Xkft ls kow tka mo`lmts kfva daa` asmfiftl`b.‚ ka fhhah. Gf`aa Booh Gf` Boohfii fii L`s L`stlt tltuta uta kfs fis fiso o pfrt pfrt`ar `arah ah wltk otkar orbf`lsftlo`s to hrlii f dorakoia l` o`a vliifba to prava`t iomfis croj moiiamtl`b wftar l` tka woohif`hs to fvolh mifskas wltk tka mkljpf`zaas.
Xlja cor amo- pklif`tkropy
]umk mo`lmts fra waii hasmrldah l` f dooe doo e dy Mrf Mrflb lb ^f ^fmear mear55 f pro procass cassor or oc amo amoiioby, avoiutlo` f`h dakfvlour ft tka Q`lvarslty oc Jl``asotf f`h Hlramtor oc tka Ilo` Tasafrmk Ma`tra‘f` filfta oc Oxcorh Q`lvarslty“s Rlih MTQ. ^fmear wko kfs kfs wrla` fdout tka browl`b kujf`-wlihilca mo`lmt l` f pfpar7 nXka Mo`sarvftlo` Mo`u`hruj l` Fcrlmf7 Rky mf`“t Rlihilca ^fy lts Rfy?“ sfys tka mo`lmts fra ileaiy to worsa` fs Fcrlmf“s kujf` popuiftlo` brows. ^fmear sfys fmross Fcrlmf, tka ifrbast jfjjfis kfva suarah mftfstropklm popupopuiftlo` hamil`as ovar tka pfst 1>-6>> yafrs f`h tkls kfs daa` jfl`iy mfusah dy tka fssujptlo` tkft wlihilca just pfy lts ow` wfy. Ka sfys fitkoubk wlihilca mo`sarvftlo`lsts kfva trfhltlo`fiiy soubkt to jfl`tfl` kafitky mo-axlsta`ma datwaa` kujf`s f`h dlb jfj jfjjfi jfiss usl` usl`b b jo`ay jo`ay cro croj j tour tourlsj, lsj, lt kfs `ot woreah so cfr. ^fmear sfys fjo`b tka rama`t summassas ka kfs ravlawah `o`a kfs railah o` tka prot jotlva dut o` f mojdl`ftlo` oc amopklif`tkropy, a`ilbkta`ah if`h ta`ura poilmlas f`h trfhltlo`fi vfiuas. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
62
@AR] F@FI\]L]
H^ ^raslha`t Ba`arfi @ordart Jfo (J) fctar dal`b ra-aiamtah ft tka pfrty“s haiabftas mo`cara`ma l` 4>61.
MOQTXA]\ ^KOXO
Jfo ravafis wkft ls eliil`b H^ Dut wlii dlb youtk wl`b ravlvfi jaatl`b sfva lt? Dy Lf` Eftusllja
Q
bf`hf“s oihast pfrty, tka Hajomrftlm ^frty ls orbf`lsl`b f ravlvfi jaatl`b cor lts youtk wl`b, tka Qbf`hf \ou`b Hajomrfts (Q\H) o` Jfy 4= l` Efjpfif. Xfhao Efwuel, Q\H Haputy Kafh oc ^udilmlty sfys tkay fra hustl`b o f`h mojdl`b tkroubk tka frmklvas oc jajdars to a`sura tkft fs jf`y fs possldia fa`h. Xka tfrbat ls to bat jora tkf` 6>>> jajdars to fa`h. Xka Q\H ls fiso firafhy orbf`lsl`b savarfi jodlilsftlo` jaatl`bs5 l`miuhl`b o`a tkay kaih o` Jfy 6 l` @f`sf`f. Fs f jfl` frfmtlo`, tka pfrty kfs l`vltah @aiso` Mkfjlsf, tka praslha`t oc Jovaja`t cor Hajomrftlm Mkf`ba (JHM), tka iafhl`b opposltlo` pfrty l` Wljdfdwa, fs buast spafear. Daiow tka cra`zy, kowavar, ls f` u`stftah 6;
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
bofi. Xkls ls H^ ^raslha`t Ba`arfi @ordart Jfo“s iftast pioy to ral`va`t kljsaic, lc `ot tka pfrty. Xka 16-yafr oih kfs daa` tka kafh oc tka pfrty cor albkt yafrs, sl`ma 4>6>. Ka wfs ra-aiamtah l` 4>61 f`h ka jlbkt `ot `h lt afsy to fvolh f`otkar aiamtlo`, possldiy l` 4>4>. Xo stfy o` top, ka kfs coubkt f`h wo` jf`y l`tar`fi dfias tkft kfva iact tka pfrty dfara df arah h f`h f`h jfh jfhaa iow iow kf` kf`bl` bl`b b crult crultss oc oc lts iafhars cor tka ruil`b pfrty oc ^raslha`t \owarl Jusava`l to plme. ]oo` fctar tka ifst `ftlo`fi aiamtlo`s, l` Gu`a 4>63, Jusava`l piumeah Ciora`ma @felwfif Elyl`bl wko wfs o`a oc tka iafhl`b you`b woja` oc H^ f`h kfh stooh cor tka movatah Efjpfif Rojf` J^ posltlo` l` tka aiamtlo`s. Jusava`l jfha kar jl`lstar oc stfta cor \o \outk utk f`h Mklihra` Fflrs. Iass tkf` f yafr iftar, Jusava`l piumeah tka`-H^ `ftlo`fi mkflrjf`, Jukfjjfh Dfswfrl Eazffif, f`h fppol`tah klj fjdfssfhor wltkout postl`b.
Murra`tiy, Jfo ls dfil`b l`tar`fi hls sa`t wltk savarfi jajdars wko hamfjpah. ]avarfi oc tkaj, ilea tka Slma ^raslha`t cor Dubf`hf rablo`, Day @fjdooza f`h Efjpfif Iorh Jfyor Arlfs Iuewfbo wf`t Jfo out. Xo out-cox tkaj, Jfo ls miafriy fajptl`b to corba `aw fiilf`mas. Dut tka Q\H wklmk ka ls mourtl`b kfs f iabfmy oc rfhlmfilsj f`h opposltlo` to tka jfl`strafj H^ f`h Jfo mouih `h kljsaic koihl`b f tlbar dy tka tfli. Fs Efwuel toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t rama`tiy, L`hapa`ha`t rama`tiy, tka Q\H iafhars fhjlra Jfo“s fdlilty to koih tka pfrty tobatkar l` toubk tljas, dut tkay fiso kfva tkalr ow` odgamtlvas cor tka upmojl`b jaatl`b. Efwuel, wko houdias fs mkflrjf` oc Q\H l` Jltyf`f hlstrlmt, sfys Q\H kfs havaiopah f ]trftablm ^if` cor 4>6;-4>4> tkft fljs ft mo`soilhftl`b tka pfrty“s fmklavaja`ts f`h soivl`b soja oc lts prodiajs.
@AR] F@FI\]L]
Ka sfys tkay wf`t jo`ay to dulih Da` Elwf`uef Kousa, `fjah fctar H^“s iafhar l` tka rst pra-l`hapa`ha`ma aiamtlo`s l` 6<34, to kousa tka pfrty kafhqufrtars. ’Our flj ls to dulih f stro`bar pfrty vltfi l` tfel`b iafharsklp oc tka mou`try,‚ ka toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t. L`hapa`ha`t. ’Ra ho`“t fbraa wltk tka jfl`strafj iafharsklp oc tka pfrty,‚ ka fhhah, ’Dut Jfo kfs fmklavah f iot. Ka kfs ho`a kls pfrt5 you mf``ot cfli to fme`owiahba klj.‚ Efwuel sfys Jfo ls ileafdia damfusa ka ls opa`-jl`hah f`h lt ls tka rafso` wky tkara ls f ramo`mlilftlo` fba`hf l` tka wores f`h Efwuel ls afbar to saa tka otkar blf`ts oc tka pfrty ratur`. ’L mf`“t wflt to saa Iuiuja Dfylbf dfme, Jlmkafi Jfdleea,‚ ka jusas.
Arlfs Iuewfbo
Q\H ls tka biua Cor kls pfrt, Jfo fppafrs to murra`tiy railsk worel`b wltk Q\H. Ka sfys `ow ls tka tlja to kfrjo`lsa fii H^“s wfrrl`b cfmtlo`s. ’Ra wf`t to usa Q\H fs tka biua wa fii lha`tlcy wltk,‚ ka sfys. ’Q\H wfs tka jfl` mkfiia`bar to @TJ, so wa wf`t to `h out5 wkara hlh wa iosa our wfy?‚ Ka sfys ka saas tka rau`lo` fs pfrt oc tka promass oc H^“s ravlvfi. ’F u`ltah H^ mf` iafh,‚ ka sfys, ’Ra wf`t to bo dfme to tka orlbl`fi prl`mlpias oc tka lhaf oc tka strubbia cor hajomrfmy l` Qbf`hf. Ra wf`t to stop tkl`el`b sjfii.‚ Ka afbariy ramou`ts Q\H“s afriy yafrs, croj wka` lt wfs omlfiiy ramob`lsah fs tka pfrty“s youtk wl`b l` 4>61, f`h kls ow` pfrt l` lt. ’Lt kfs daa` f corma to rameo` wltk l` Qbf`hf“s poiltlmfi strubbias,‚ ka sfys, ’Q\H stooh l` tka bfp wka` poiltlmfi pfrtlas wara out oc tka plmtura croj 6<<1-4>>1.‚ Ka hasmrldas kow, l` tkft ta` yafr parloh, jf`y l` tka murra`t mrop oc iafhars fmross tka poiltlmfi spamtruj trfl`ah u`har tka Q\H. ’L wfs o`a oc tkosa paopia,‚ Jfo sfys, ’L wfs tka rst Q\H jajdar to gol` pfrilfpfrilf ja`t l` 6<<3. L wfs fiso lts rst jajdar to iafh H^.‚ Ka ja`tlo`s poiltlmlf`s ilea Arlfs Iuewfbo, ^fui Jwlru, f`h tka @TJ Xrafsurar Tosa @fjfyf`gf fs paopia wko kfva sproutah croj Q\H fjo`b otkars. Jfo ls `ot ruacui fs ka hasmrldas tkalr hapfrtura croj H^. ’Ovar tka yafrs wa wara hlsparsah damfus dam fusaa tka tka jot jotkar kar pfr pfrty ty wf wfss l`stl l`stltut tutlo` lo`-fiiy wafe,‚ ka sfys, ’Xka aihars wara bktbkt l`b f`h Q\H stfrtah tfel`b slhas.‚ Ka fhroltiy gujps pfst kls praslha`t squfddias wltk Iuewfbo, Iuiuja f`h otkars f`h haivas l`to klstory. ’]oja paopia wara o` tka slha oc Crf`mls Dwa`bya, otkars wara o` tka slha oc Efwf`bf ]ajobarara wklmk iah to f ioss oc sa`sa oc hlramtlo`,‚ ka sfys. ]ajobarara iah tka pfrty croj 6<;> u`tli 4>>1 wka` tka ifta Gok` ]adff`f Elzlto tooe
Datty @f jdooz jdoozaa
ovar, f`h jf`y oc tkosa l` Q\H tohfy dfraiy ramfii wkft tkosa hfys wara ilea. Dut Jfo ls u`cfzah fs ka ifdours tka klstory. Ka sfys, fs f rasuit oc tka hlsfrrfy, soja Q\H jajdars wara mojprojlsah, soja stfrtah tkalr ow` cfmtlo`s, f`h otkars hamfjpah to otkar poiltlmfi pfrtlas. ’Xkls tra`h mo`tl`uah wka` L tooe ovar tka pfrty iafharsklp,‚ ka sfys f`h hlvas dfme dfm e l`to l`to kls klstor tory. y. ’Rka` L wfs aiamtah H^ praslha`t l` Jdfia, ]fj Iudabf corjah kls ow` cfmtlo`. Ft tka sfja tlja, wa cfmah f`otkar rlvfi cfmtlo` mfiiah tka ]uudl broup wklmk wfs jaf`t to projota Dubf`hf“s fba`hf f`h fiso fiilah wltk Daslbya,‚ Jfo ramfiis. Ka hasmrldas f cfmtlo` mfiiah Xrutk f`h Gustlma Gust lma (XG) wkl wklmk mk Iue Iuewf wfbo bo cor corjah jah f`h kow lt fdsordah tka Iudabf f`h ]uudl broups.
Tau`lo` waimoja Xka klstory ls l`tarastl`b, dut l`tarvlaws wltk Jfo oppo`a`ts l` tka pfrty skow tkft tka ramo`mlilftlo` aorts fra `ot waimoja fii rou`h. @fjdooza sfys ska ls `ot fa`hl`b. ]ka sfys ska hoas `ot e`ow tka hlramtlo` tka jaatl`b ls bol`b to tfea. ’Q\H kfs f hlara`t lhaoioby,‚ ska sfys, ’Ra fra `ot coiiowl`b tka mo`stltutlo`5 lt
stlpuiftas tkft wa koih f` f``ufi haiabftas mo`cara`ma.‚ ’Fii tka pfrty orbf`s fra `ot cu`mtlo`l`b5 tka @ftlo`fi Mou`mli ls supposah to jaat avary slx jo`tks dut lt kfs `ot5 tka H^ ^frilfja`tfry broup ls supposah to slt waaeiy dut fii tkf tkftt ls ls `ot `ot kfppa kfppa`l` `l`b.‚ b.‚ ]ka fmmusas Jfo oc u`harjl`l`b tka pfrty. ’Xka praslha`t kfs damoja tka pfrty f`h ka tfeas hamlslo`s frdltrfrliy,‚ ska sfys. @fjdooza caii out wltk Jfo hrfjftlmfiiy wka` ska fajptah to orbf`lza f Dubf`hf rablo` mo`cara`ma purportahiy to racorj tka pfrty. @fjdooza kfs e`ow` fjdltlo`s to mkfiia`ba Jfo cor iafharsklp oc tka pfrty. Lt wfs `ot surprlsl`b tkft Jfo, tkaracora, wa`t to braft ia`btks5 l`miuhl`b worel`b wltk tka poilma, to a`sura tkft @fjdooza ls stoppah. Omlfiiy, ka sflh @fjdooza“s ava`t wfs liiabfi. Dut fii, lt fppafrs ls `ot iost, lc Jfo jfeas tka rlbkt jovas. Ava` @fjdooza sfys ska ls kopacui oc tka mo`mlilftory aorts. ’Ra kfva f strubbia to mfrry o` wltk, wa mf`“t eaap bktl`b l` our sjfii broups,‚ ska sfys. ’Ra skfii ajdrfma tka rau`lo` cor fs io`b fs lt ls dfsah o` trutk f`h gustlma. ’F`y aort to u`lta tka pfrty ls waimoja. Kowavar L fj `ot fa`hl`b damfusa L fj `ot l` booh kafitk f`h L fj `ot pfrt oc Q\H.‚ Wfmkfry Oiuj, f ratlrah procassor oc poiltlmfi smla`ma f`h f ilcaio`b jajdar oc H^ fiso sfys tka rau`lo` ls booh f`h sou`hs pkliosopklmfi fdout tka rlcts l` H^. Fmmorhl`b to Oiuj, tka jaatl`b oc vfrlous H^ omlfis wouih da f booh opportu`lty to ra-strftablsa. ’Xkasa paopia skouih bat tobatkar wkftavar hlara`mas tkay kfva damfusa H^ kfs stooh tka tast oc tlja sl`ma 6<18,‚ ka toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t. L`hapa`ha`t. ’Kujf` raiftlo`s fra hlmuit to f`fiysa. ]ojatljas tkara fra l`hlvlhufi fsplrftlo`s f`h lt ls hlmuit to put f ifdai to tkasa mo` lmts dut tka rau`lo` ls f waimoja havaiophavaiop ja`t to us wko kfva daa` tkara,‚ ka sfys. Oiuj gol`ah H^ l` 6<34 f`h l` 6<2< sarvah fs lts @ftlo`fi Orbf`lsl`b ]amratfry f`h fs vlma praslha`t u`tli ka ratlrah croj tka pfrty“s @ftlo`fi Axamutlva Mojjlaa l` tka ifta 4>>>s. Ka tkl`es H^ mf` orbf`lsa ltsaic damfusa lts worst tljas fra dakl`h lt. Ka sfys, ’Ra kfva kfh our mkfiia`bas ava` l` ]ajobarara“s tlja dut wa hlsmussah fjo`b oursaivas f`h `avar surra`harah ft f`y pol`t.‚ Ka sfys H^“s prodiajs fra mkfiia`bas opposltlo` pfrtlas ba`arfiiy cfma l` Fcrlmf. Ka ramfiis H^ jajdars wko wara mkfrbah wltk trafso` l` tka Odota LL bovar`ja`t f`h otkars croj Dusobf mrossah a` jfssa croj H^ to Q^M l` 6<;> l` f dlb diow. ’]ojatljas lt ls hlmuit cor tka opposlopposl tlo` to axlst dut tka cfmt tkft wa raslstah fii tkft l`tljlhftlo` ls rajfrefdia.‚ Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
6<
Qsah mfrs l` o`a oc tka mfr do`hs l` Efjpfif.
L@HA^A@HA@X/GQILQ] DQ]L@BA
Tatkl`el`b df` o` ljportl`b usah mfrs Bov“t mouih iosa `afriy ]ks4>>d` f``ufiiy5 tkousf`hs oc gods ft rlse Dy Guilus Dusl`ba
]
upportars oc f df` o` ljport oc mfrs oihar tkf` albkt yafrs wouih da jumk kfpplar lc tka murra`t ifw, Xka Xrfm f`h Tofh ]fcaty Fmt, 6<<;, ls fja`hah. Dut oppo`a`ts, kowavar, sfy lt wlii ha`y jfgorlty oc tka popuiftlo` tka fdlilty to ow` mfrs cor vfrlous purposas. Ft tka ma`tra oc tkls fra amo`ojlsts, wko tkl`e tkft bovar`ja`t `aahs to mfracuiiy f`fiysa tka pros f`h mo`s prlor to ljpiaja`tl`b tka proposah pif`. ^roc. Fubustus Fubustus @uwfbfdf, f` amo`ojlst a mo`ojlst f`h tka axamutlva hlramtor oc Taav Mo`suit toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t tkft bovar`ja`t“s proposah jova to df` tka ljport oc usah mfrs skouih da dfmeah dy iomfi prohumtlo` oc vaklmias ft f` forhfdia prlma to drlhba tka bfp. ’Lhafiiy tka poilmy jova ls booh,‚ ka sflh. ’Dut lt ls f mojpilmftah o`a tkft kfs to da ljp ljpiaj iaja`t a`tah ah l` tf` tf`haj haj wlt wltk k trf` trf`scor scorjjl`b tka amo`ojy tkroubk iomfi l`hustrlas.‚ Ifst yafr, tka bovar`ja`t kfh pif``ah to stfrt mfr fssajdil`b tkroubk lts astfdilskah 4>
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
rj, Ellrf Jotors Morporftlo` (EJM). ^if`s wara tkft tkls yafr, fdout =>1 vaklmias fra fssajdiah f`h put o` tka jfreat. Dut tka probrass towfrhs rafilsftlo` oc tkls tfrbat ls cfr croj rafilty. ]pafel`b to Xka to Xka L`hapa`ha`t l` f` l`tarvlaw, O`asjus Jubya`yl, tka haputy axamutlva hlramtor ft Fhvomftas Mofiltlo` cor Havaiopja`t f`h A`vlro`ja`t (FMOHA), sflh tka bovar`ja`t skouih `ot rusk tka Dlii, dut skouih l`stafh mo`humt rasafrmk o` tka fmtufi ljpfmt oc usah mfrs o` tka a`vlro`ja`t. ’L` tarjs oc vaklmias mo`trldutlo` to braa`kousa ajlsslo`s, mfrs fra l`slb`lmf`t mojpfrah to cfmtorlas,‚ Jubya`yl sflh fhhl`b, ’Xkay Ubovar`ja`tZ `aah to iooe ft tka dlbbast dlb bast mo` mo`trl trldut dutors ors ile ileaa dur` dur`l`b l`b oc mkf mkfrmo rmofi fi f`h hamojposl`b oc dlojfss.‚ F raport dy Xka Q`ltah @ftlo`s A`vlro`ja`t ^robrfjja (Q@A^) raiafsah o` Jfrmk 6=, 4>6;, tliah ‛Fcrlmf Saklmia Qsah Taport“ ba`arfiiy portrfys usah vaklmias fs o`a oc tka mo`trldutors oc flr poiiutlo`. Fitkoubk lt hoas `ot blva spamlms o` tka jfar, lt sfys mou`trlas skouih `ot o`iy iooe ft rastrlmtl`b ljports dut fiso sklct
to miaf`ar f`h sfcar usah vaklmia ljports5 a`sura usah vaklmias mo`trlduta to daar rofh sfcaty, rahumah ajlsslo`s, f`h provlha most sfvl`bs. Xka raport fiso mfiis cor mojpliftlo` f`h fvflifdlilty oc hftf o` usah vaklmias, kfrjo`lsftlo` oc poilmlas ft rablo`fi f`h sud-rablo`fi iavai l` fhhltlo` to fhhrassl`b tka liiabfi prfmtlmas l` tka axport oc usah vaklmias f`h fwfra`ass rflsl`b o` usa oc sfcar mfrs dy tka paopia. Fmmorhl`b to tka raport, slx `ftlo`s fmmou`t cor ;6.6% oc Gfpf`asa usah vaklmia trfha. Ea`yf ls tka jfgor jfreat coiiowah dy ]out ]outk k Fcr Fcrlmf lmf,, Xf`z Xf`zf`l f`lf, f, Qbf Qbf`hf `hf,, Wfjd Wfjdlf lf f`h Jozfjdlqua. Qbf`hf ljports fdout 1>, >>> usah mfrs par yafr. Out oc tka 1>, >>> u`lts, o`iy 6>% wara jf`ucfmturah l` 4>66 f`h iftar ” tka tfrbat johais oc bovar`ja`t u`har tka proposah fja`hja`ts. ]ljlifriy, rasafrmk mo`humtah dy Xka L`hapa`ha`t skows tkft jost mou`trlas aspamlfiiy l` tka Auropaf` Q`lo` stlii usa vaklmias oc vfrlah jf`ucfmturl`b hftas. Kowavar, tkay rastrlmt tkalr jovaja`t to spamlm iomftlo`s. Cor l`stf`ma, stfrtl`b Guiy 4>63, hrlvars
DQ]L@A]]
wltk mfrs jfha dacora 6<<2 fra `ot parjlttah to hrlva l` tka mlty ma`tar o` waaehfys l` ^frls, Crf`ma. Lc tkay ho, tkay fra `ah, tkoubk tkay mf` hrlva tkara craaiy o` tka waaea`hs. L` Dfrmaio`f, ]pfl`, mfrs tkft fra oihar tkf` 4> yafrs fra df``ah croj tka rofhs hurl`b tka waae. Xka tfrbat ls to mut trfm ajlsslo`s dy =>% l` f parloh oc 61 yafrs. L` Drltfl`, hrlvars l` tka Io`ho` mlty ma`tra wkosa mfrs ho `ot jaat Auropaf` Q`lo` ajlsslo`s stf`hfrhs pfy f hfliy pa`fity oc 6> pou`hs, ($6=.4>). Xkft ls o` top oc tka mo`bastlo` mkfrba, wklmk wfs put l` pifma l` 4>>= f`h ls `ow £66.1> par hfy ($61.3). Xkls mojas fs mltlas l` otkar mou`trlas l` Auropa fra proposl`b to df` hlasai vaklmias l` orhar to mojdft flr poiiutlo`, l`miuhl`b ^frls, Jfhrlh, Jaxlmo Mlty, f`h Ftka`s, wklmk pif` to df` hlasai mfrs dy 4>41. Xka Q`ltah El`bhoj f`h Crf`ma pif` to df` sfias oc fii cuiiy-bfsoil`a f`h hlasai vaklmias dy 4>8 4>8>. >. Xka booh tkl`b ls tkft, l` Auropa f`h otkar fhvf`mah mltlas, futkorltlas tkara mf` fdiy ljpiaja`t sumk pif`s fs opposah to mou`trlas ilea Qbf`hf tkft fra stlii brfppil`b wltk iljltah mfpfmlty f`h mojjltja`t to hafi wltk sumk sjfrt poilmy jovas. Mkrls @tobotf, wko ow`s cour usah dut posk Sl`tfba mfrs (wltk jf`ucfmturl`b hftas5 6<34, 6<38, 6<31 f`h 6<32) toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t tkft oih mfrs fra `ot dfh cor fs io`b fs tkay fra rapflrah f`h sarvlmah o` tlja. Ka fiso sflh tkft bovar`ja`t skouih skouih rahuma tfxas o` `awar mfrs so fs to jfea tkaj forhfdia cor jfgorlty oc tka popuifpopuif tlo` to put o` o` tka rofh. Murra`tiy, jfgorlty oc tka mfrs ljportah l` Qbf`hf pfy ovar 1>% oc tka prlma oc tka mfr quotah dy tka saiiar fs tfx.
A`tar mfr ljportars
L` f gol`t stftaja`t lssuah o` Fprli 6<, sava` fssomlftlo`s oc mfr ljportars f`h hafiars l` Qbf`hf, sflh tkay fra `ot fbfl`st bovar`ja`t“s fja`hja`t dlii dut sfy lt `aahs to fssass tka ljpilmftlo`s oc tka `aw jova wklmk fjo`b otkar tkl`bs wlii saa lt Ubovar`ja`tZ iosa ]ks6;>liilo` l` f``ufi tfxas. L` fhhltlo`, tkay sflh tkft ljpiaja`tftlo` oc tka pif``ah fja`hja`ts wlii ra`har ovar 66, >>> hlramt da`amlfrlas l` tka l`hus l`hus-try godiass. L` fhhltlo`, lt wlii fiso `abftlvaiy famt otkar sarvlma provlhars sumk fs rastfurf`ts, samurlty rjs, cuai stftlo`s, l`surf`ma mojmoj pf`las, df`es f`h tourlsj hua to l`hustrlfi how`tur`. Xka mfr hafiars sflh tka bovar`ja`t `aahs to put l` pifma waii orbf`lsah f`h smkahuiah dusas, trfl`s, wklmk wlii kaip rahuma o` tka `aah cor ljportftlo` oc usah mfrs. Xkay fiso fhhah tkft ljprovaja`t oc tka rurfi l`crfstrumtura wlii a`fdia io`bavlty f`h iass jfl`ta`f`ma oc `awar mfrs jfel`b tkaj f vfiua duy. ’Bovar`ja`t skouih spaah up ljpia-
ja`tftlo` oc tka firafhy o`-bol`b l`ltlftlvas towfrhs amla`t trf`sport systajs,‚ tkay sflh.
Jl`lstar haca`hs proposfis
Rores f`h Xrf`sport Jl`lstar, Jo`lmf Fzudf, sfys vaklmias jaf`t cor trf`sport oc boohs wltk f bross walbkt oc ft iafst slx to``as f`h spamlfi purposa vaklmias wouih da axm axmiuh iuhah ah cro croj j tka tka `aw frr frrf`b f`baja aja`t. `t. ]pamlfi purposa vaklmias l` tkls mfsa fra drafeh dra fehow` ow` ior iorrla rlas, s, mrf mrf`a `a ior iorrla rlas, s, ra bk bktt l`b vaklmias, sprfyl`b vaklmias, jodlia woreskops, coreilcts, jodlia hrliil`b rlbs, wores trumes, tf`es, frjorah bktl`b vaklvakl mias, masspooi ajptlars, wftar dowsars, duiilo` sprafhars, dumeat trumes, flrmrfct racuaiiars f`h jodlia df`es. Otkars axajptah fra fbrlmuiturfi or corastry trfmtors, afrtk jovl`b vaklmias, rofh roiiars, tfjpl`b
Mojpfrftlva ^rlmas oc soja mfrs daiow albkt yafrs (Xfxas l`miuslva) Saklmia
Sltz ^rajlo Klfma Sf` (Elbaba) Tfv8 Kfrrlar Houdia Mfdl` ^lme up If`h Mrulsar ^rfho
4>>> Johai ^rlma (Qsk/ jliilo`) 63 6< 1> => =4 3> 1>
4>66 Johai ^rlma Qsk/jliilo` 81 31 ;1 <> 66> 641 4>>
]ourma7 Mfr hafiars raport Fprli 4>6;
Vulme cfmts
1>,>>>7 @ujdar oc usah vaklmias ljportah l`to Qbf`hf f``ufiiy ” 6>% cfii wltkl` tka ;-yafr drfmeat ]ks6;>d`7 Fjou`t l` tfxas tkft bovar`ja`t wlii iosa f``ufiiy 66,>>>7 @ujdar oc paopia hlramtiy ajpioyah dy mfr hafiars <1%7 ^arma`tfba oc mojpf`las ileaiy to miosa ovar `aw fja`hja`t
jfmkl`as. Xka dlii proposas tkft fii vaklmias tkft wlii frrlva l` tka mou`try dy ]aptajdar =>, rabfrhiass oc tka yafr oc jf`ucfmtura, wlii `ot da famtah dy tka `aw ifw lc lt ls pfssah. Fmmorhl`b to Fzudf, tka dlii ls jaf`t to fja`h Xka Xrfm f`h Tofh ]fcaty 6<<; Fmt to l`mrafsa jotor vaklmia rablstrftlo` caas f`h put f` a`vlro`ja`tfi iavy o` soja vaklmias. Tablstrftlo` caas cor f `ujdar oc vaklmias a`tarl`b tka mou`try murra`tiy fvarfba ft frou`h ]ks6.4 jliilo` ft tka joja`t, fmmorhl`b to Lf` Tujf`ylef, tka Qbf`hf Tava`ua Futkorlty Futkorlty jf`fbar cor pudilm f`h morporfta fflrs. Dut u`har tka proposah fja`hja`ts, cor l`stf`ma, sahf`s, sfioo`s f`h astfta mfrs wlii da raqulrah to pfy ]ks6.1jliilo`. Xka
sfja fjou`t wlii fppiy to oj`ldusas wltk f saftl`b mfpfmlty `ot axmaahl`b 4; pfssa`bars. Hufi purposa boohs f`h pfssa`bar vaklmias wlii `ot da famtah. Astfta f`h stftlo` wfbo` vaklmias wltk a`bl`a mfpfmltlas oc =1>> mm f`h fdova wouih fiso pfy ]ks6.2 jliilo` cor tkalr rablstrftlo`. Tabfrhl`b tka a`vlro`ja`tfi iavy, vaklmias wklmk fra va yafrs oih oih dut ho `ot axmaah albkt yafrs croj tka hfta oc jf`ucfmtura axmiuhl`b boohs vaklmias, wouih da axpamtah to pfy =1% oc tka prlma quotah quotah dy f saii saiiar ar l`m l`miuh iuhl`b l`b fii otk otkar ar mkf mkfrba rbass fs fs haajah dy tka saiiar. F 1>% caa wlii da mkfrbah o` vaklmias wklmk fra jora tkf` albkt yafrs oih or jora croj tka hfta oc jf`ucfmtura wkarafs vaklmias tkft fra va yafrs f`h jora, dut fra haslb`ah to mfrry boohs wlii pfy 4>% oc tka prlma quotah dy tka saiiar fs f` a`vlro`ja`tfi caa. Xkls havaiopja`t mojas fctar tka Afst Fcrlmf` Mojju`lty Kafhs oc ]tfta rasoivah rama`tiy to rahuma tka ljportftlo` oc samo`h-kf`h mfrs fs f wfy oc havaiopl`b tka rablo`fi futojotlva l`hustry f`h mrafta gods. god s. L` Afst Fcrlmf, Ea`yf f`h Twf`hf `o io`bar fiiow ljports oc mfrs tkft fra ovar albkt f`h 6> yafrs, raspamtlvaiy, croj tkalr yafr oc jf`ucfmtura. Jovl`b corwfrh, Jfile Fzkfr, tka corjar mkflrjf` oc Qsah Mfrs Hafiars Fssomlftlo` Qbf`hf Iljltah toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t l` f` l`tarvlaw o` Jfy 2 tkft tka bovar`ja`t skouih ratkl`e lts jova oc df``l`b ljports oc mfrs oihar tkf` albkt yafrs. ’Xkay skouih ho lt l` f pkfsah fpprofmk,‚ ka sflh fhhl`b, ’mfrs oc 4> yafrs oih skouih da iat l`to tka mou`try cor tka `axt va yafrs stfrtl`b wltk tka `aw `f`mlfi yafr dacora pul`b f df` o` tkalr ljports.‚ Xka`, tka df` wouih da pifmah o` tkosa fbah 61 yafrs f`h fdova l` 4>42/4>4; f`h iftar l` 4>=4/4>==, bovar`ja`t wouih fiiow ljportftlo` oc tkosa mfrs tkft fra 6> yafrs oih croj tkalr yafr oc jf`ucfmturl`b. Jfile sfys df``l`b ljportftlo` oc tkasa mfrs wouih jfea duyl`b mfrs axpa`slva cor Qbf`hf`s dut fiso elii tkousf`hs oc gods. ’\ou ’\ ou ho`“t wf`t to saa mrlja l`mrafsl`b damfus dam fusaa paop paopia ia kfv kfvaa `o `o gods gods,‚ ,‚ Jfi Jfile le sfl sflh h fhhl`b, ’Bovar`ja`t wlii fiso iosa tfx.‚
Dlii l` st`fi stfbas
Jfile“s vlaws fra l` raspo`sa to tka o`bol`b hrfctl`b oc Xka Xrfm f`h Tofh ]fcaty Fmt, 6<<; (Fja`hja`t) Dlii 4>6; samo`hah dy Xka Jl`lstry oc Rores f`h Xrf`sport f`h Cl`f`ma ^if``l`b f`h Amo`ojlm Havaiopja`t. Fmmorhl`b to Ka`ry Jusfslzl, tka mkflrparso` oc tka Cl`f`ma Mojjlaa l` ^frilf^frilf ja`t, tka Dlii wlii da rafhy dacora Jfy 6; cor ^frilfja`t to hadfta dacora lts omlfi ljpiaja`tftlo` stfrts o` Guiy 6, 4>6;. Jusfslzl racusah to skfra `aw klbkilbkts l` tka hrfct dut toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t o` Jfy 2 to wflt cor lt. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
46
DQ]L@A]]
Mfcì Gfvfs Gfvfs hailbkts @flrodl Xka doih jova axta`hs mojpatltlo` to drf`hs ilea Mklmea` L``, Gfvf Kousa f`h Fjarlmf` mkfl`s Kfrhaa“s, Durbar El`b Dy Lf` Eftusllja
X
ka `aws oc Mfcì Gfvfs“ a`try l`to @flrodl, Afst Fcrlmf“s ifrbast mfpltfi wfs braatah wltk aiftlo` dy lts Qbf`hf` pftro`s. ]omlfi jahlf wfs l`u`hftah wltk jassfbas oc booh wlskas cor tka cfst cooh mkfl` tkft kfs daa` l` Qbf`hf cor ovar albkt yafrs. Kfvl`b vlrtufiiy mo`quarah tka Efjpfif rastfurf`t jfreat wltk sava` outiats, pius o`a l` A`tadda, Mfcì Gfvfs kfs va`turah out l` @flrodl, iomftah o` Eol`f`ba ]traat. Xka cfst cooh mkfl` ls drf`hah fs MG“s l` tka kafrt oc tka mlty. Mfcì Gfvfs ra`ow`ah cor lts hahlmftah sarvlma to mustojars pif`s to mfsk l` o` tka dustil dus til`b `b dusl dusl`ass `ass a`vl a`vlro` ro`ja`t ja`t l` @fl @flrod rodll wltk tka possldlilty oc opa`l`b up jora outiats l` tka mlty. ]ourmas croj @flrodl sfy tka rastfurf`t ls murra`tiy vary popuifr fjo`b tka mlty“s ailta wko ome tka pifma cor jaatl`bs, mftmkmftmk l`b up f`h lts fjdla`ma f`h frfmtlva hìmor fra sflh to da f do`us. Mfcì Gfvfs ls pfrt oc tka Jf`haif Broup oc Mojpf`las wklmk fiso l`miuhas Mlty Xyras, Mlty Oli, Mlty Iudas, Mlty Rorih, ]fvars, f`h Jf`haif Futo ]pfras. Jf`haif Broup ls ru` dy Ojfr Jf`haif, f` fbbrasslva dusl`assjf` wko kfs mut f `lmka cor kljsaic fs sojao`a wko wlii stop ft `otkl`b to jfxljlza f` opportu`lty. Xkosa cfjlilfr wltk klj sfy ka ls strlel`b ft tka rlbkt tlja cor kls rastfurf`t dusl`ass. Tfjftkf` Bboodl, f iamturar oc dusl`ass stuhlas ft Jfearara Q`lvarslty Dusl`ass ]mkooi (JQD]) sfys Qbf`hf` dusl`assas kfva sojatkl`b to iafr` croj Mfcì Gfvfs. ’Ra `aah to bat fs jf`y Mfcì Gfvfs fs possldia. Rka` you iooe ft tka mojpatltlva`ass tkay kfva dulit, lt kfs rafiiy havaiopah tkalr sarvlma to jfea tkaj mojpata dotk ft f rablo`fi f`h l`tar`ftlo`fi iavai.‚ Ka sfys Qbf`hf“s dlbbast mkfiia`ba ls tur`l`b rjs l`to mojpatltlva a`tltlas. ’Dusl`assas kara skouih jfea tkajsaivas frfmtlva to fii el`hs oc mila`taia `ot gust tka `axt hoor mo`sujar. Mfcì Gfvfs kfs dulit lts mila`taia ovar tka yafrs f`h `ow tkay fra o` hajf`h l` tka rablo`. Xka `axt tkl`b prodfdiy wlii da cor tkaj to stfrt saiil`b crf`mklsas.‚ Bboodl sfys jost oc tkasa rablo`fi jfreats fra wl``fdia f`h Qbf`hf` rjs gust `aah to comus o` mojpatltlva`ass. ’Lc ]outk Fcrlmf` mojpf`las fra kara, wky ho`“t wa kfva Qbf`hf` mojpf`las l` ]outk Fcrlmf? Ra gust `aah to l`vast l` mojpatltlva`ass.‚
44
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
L`slha Mfca Gfvfs l` @flrodl
Hol`b dusl`ass l` Ea`yf
]ltftl Rfsliwf, Rfsliwf, f Ea`yf` amo`ojlst sfys f`y dusl`ass va`turl`b out l` Ea`yf aspamlfiiy tka mo`sujar dusl`ass `aahs to tfea `ota oc martfl` tkl`bs. ’Amo`ojlmfiiy, @flrodl“s jlhhia mifss popuiftlo` ls o` tka l`mrafsa, cor `ot o`iy dfslm dfs lm moj mojjoh johltl ltlas as dut dut fis fiso o iuxu iuxurlo rlous us or sajl-iuxurlous mojjohltlas,‚ ka toih Xka L`hapa`ha`t. Rfsliwff axpifl`ah tkft tkara ls f browRfsliw l`b kfdlt fjo`b @flrodl“s jlhhia mifss o` spa`hl`b o` mo`sujptlo` dfsah o` l`ul`u a`ma dy crla`hs or miosa fssomlftas. ’Xkls mf` da tarjah fs tka eaapl`b up wltk tka go`asas aamt.‚ Kowavar ka fhhah tkft Mfcì Gfvfs kfs to stoea up o` trfhltlo`fi cooh to strlea f dfif`ma. Xo mojpata cfvourfdiy wltk tka top `otmk rastfurf`ts l` @flrodl sumk fs Mklmea` L``, Gfvf Kousa f`h Fjarlmf` mkfl`s Kfrhaa“s, Durbar El`b, f`h Ea`tumey Crlah Mklmea` (ECM), Rfsliwf frbuas tkft tka `aw a`trf`t kfs bot to da fs hy`fjlm fs possldia. ’Fiso tkara ls f browl`b pracara`ma cor rou`h tka miome sarvlmas ljpiyl`b tkft jost @flrodlf`s pracar rastfurf`ts tkft mf` sarva cor jf`y kours up to ifta `lbkt,‚ ka sflh, fhhl`b tkft Mfcì Gfvfs `aahs to jfre out lts lha`tlty f`h oar sultfdia fctar sfias sarvlmas to mustojars. F`ltf @elrota, f gour`filst dfsah l` @flrodl sflh7 ’Ea`yf`s iova kfvl`b moaa aspaaspamlfiiy fctar wore, jost jaatl`bs fra ho`a l` rastfurf`ts f`h tkay fra kot spots.‚ ’Lc you fra `aw, you kfva so jf`y mus-
tojars fs tkay sfjpia your prohumts5 tka mkfiia`ba ls jfl`tfl`l`b tka mila`taia,‚ ska sfys.
Booh mustojar mfra
Mfcì Gfvfs kfs stooh out cor lts mustojar mfra l` Qbf`hf“s mrowhah rastfurf`t fra`f. Hrassah l` mrafj tops f`h mkomoifta drow` fpro`s, wfltrassas fiwfys uskar l` mustojars sfyl`b ‛\ou fra waimoja“ fjlh f kost oc otkar a`tlml`b sarvlmas oarah. oarah. F caw oc tka mkfl`“s mustojars fast to lts u`lqua sarvlmas. Efvutkl ]aru`eujf, MAO oc Efjpfif Cooh @atwore (f broupl`b oc cooh iovars) f`h wko kfs daa` to Mfcì Gfvfs o` f `uj dar oc omm ommfsl fslo`s o`s spaf spafes es o` wky ska tkl tkl`es `es tka rastfurf`t wlii kfva f cflr mkf`ma ft lts `aw va`tura. ’Xka mustojar mfra ls vary booh f`h tkay ho `ot hlsmrljl`fta f`h tkara ls orbf`lzftlo` f`h orhar wka` you wfie l`. Xkay kfva strafjil`ah tkalr oparftlo`s,‚ ska sflh. ]aru`eujf fiso sflh tka jf`fbaja`t oc Mfcì Gfvfs kfs ho`a f iot to ratfl` f`h iura jora mustojars. ’Xkalr cooh ls mo`slsta`t, tkalr portlo`s fra ifrba f`h fjdla`ma ls booh.‚ ]ka fhhah tkft tka rastfurf`ts fra fiwfys miaf`. Xo`y Eftu`bl, f`otkar rabuifr ft tka rastfurf`t sfys tka qufilty f`h quf`tlty oc tkalr cooh ls mo`slsta`t `o jfar tka drf`mk you fra. ’Lt ls fiso mo`humlva mo`humlva cor tka JusJusilj mojju`lty damfusa tkay ho `ot sarva pore f`h daar. Fdova fii tkalr mustojar mfra ls vary booh.‚
DQ]L@A]]
Qbf`hf Mifys stafhy browtk Mojpatltlo` croj otkar mify prohumts jfears tkrafta`s lts curtkar l`mrafsa l` sfias Dy Lsffm Eklsf
M
ify prohumts jfear, Qbf`hf Mifys Iljltah (QMI), kfs ramorhah f stafhy prot browtk cor tka samo`h yafr ru``l`b mltl`b l`mrafsah jfreatl`b f`h tka hamlslo` dy tka jfgorlty skfrakoihar, @ftlo`fi ]omlfi ]amurlty Cu`h, to stop moiiamtl`b l`tarast o` tka iof`s fhvf`mah. @]]C wklmk ow`s =4.1% oc QMI axta`hah f` ]ks66 dliilo` iof` to tka mojpf`y l` 4>6> to purmkfsa jfmkl`ary cor l`mrafsl`b eli` output ft Efjo`eoil cfmtory f`h purmkfsa spfras cor tka Efggf`sl cfmtory. Xka iof` wklmk frfmtah f 6=-61% f``ufi l`tarast kfs swoiia` to ]ks4=.4 dliilo` f`h damoja f strf`bia-koih o` tka flil`b mojpf`y. Mo`slharl`b QMI“s hlmuitlas, @]]C hamlhah to corabo curtkar l`tarast o` tka iof` f`h pif`s to mo`vart lts hadts l`to aqulty. Fs f mo`saqua`ma, tka mojpf`y“s iftast f``ufi parcorjf`ma skows tkft tka mojpf`y ramorhah f 8.1 % browtk l` rava`ua to ]ks42.4dliilo` l` 4>62, up croj ]ks43dliilo` l` 4>63 f`h ]ks48.66dliilo` l` 4>61. Xka mojpf`y“s `at prot braw to ]ks4.=<1 dliilo`, up croj ]ks4.=21dliilo` f`h ]ks ]ks6.4>2dliilo` ioss hurl`b tka sfja parloh u`har ravlaw. Kowavar, tka mojpf`y“s axpa`sas braw dy 46. 46.8% 8% to ]ks2 ]ks2.;= .;=d` d` l` 4>6 4>62, 2, up cro croj j ]ks3.81d` l` 4>63 f`h ]ks 2.23dliilo` l` 4>61 hua to l`mrafsa l` fhjl`lstrftlo` axpa`sas. Baorba L`koio, tka jf`fbl`b hlramtor oc QMI sflh tka siow browtk l` `at prot f`h tka surba l` ovarkafh mosts ls frldutah
to tka ba`arfi l`mrafsa l` prlmas l` tka amo`ojy, spamlmfiiy jfgor l`puts sumk fs staai, cuai f`h iudrlmf`ts f`h ljportah spfras. Xka prlma oc cuai, cor l`stf`ma, oc prajluj patroi l`mrafsah croj f` fvarfba oc Q]$8;3.1 par jatrlm to``a l` Gu`a 4>62 to Q]$388 par jatrlm to``a o` fvarfba fs ft tka a`h oc Gf`ufry 4>6; o` tka l`tar`ftlo`fi jfreat, raprasa`tl`b f =4.8% rlsa. ]ljlifriy, tka prlma oc hlasai kfs l`mrafsah croj Q]$848.;6 par jatrlm to``as to Q]$ 1<3 par jatrlm to``as hurl`b tka sfja parloh u`har ravlaw. Xkls mojas ft tka tlja tka mojpf`y ls murra`tiy tryl`b to l`ta`slcy jfreatl`b mfjpflb`s to stlr browtk sfias to jfl`tfl` tka browtk l` rava`uas fjlh tlbkta`l`b mojpatltlo` croj otkar mify prohumts jfears f`h staai prohumars. Ifst yafr, tka mojpf`y opa`ah up outiats l` Fruf, Ilrf, Buiu f`h Efdfia, wltk f pif` p if` to axta`h haap Rast f`h l` tka otkar frafs. Ft tka sfja tlja, tka mojpf`y pif`s to mo`soilhfta lts dusl`ass l` Efjpfif f`h Rfelso wklmk fra sy`o`yjous wltk klbk par mfpltf l`moja. Ilstah o` tka Qbf`hf ]tome Axmkf`ba l` 4>>>, QMI rablstarah f parslsta`t browtk l` prots u`tli 4>>< wka` lt rablstarah f ]ks2>2 jliilo` ioss croj f prot oc ]ks4.61 dliilo` l` 4>>;. Lt difjah tka sklct l` parcorjf`ma o` tka aamts oc tka biodfi `f`mlfi mrlsls. Lts woas wara worsa`ah wltk tka tljl`b oc tka astfdilskja`t oc tka samo`h pif`t ft Efjo`eoil, l` afstar` Qbf`hf. Xka pif`t kleah tka mojpf`y“s oparftl`b axpa`sas5 aspamlfiiy cor promuraja`t oc tka kafvy cuai usah to hry tka mify, ft f tlja wka` tka amo`ojy wfs siowl`b how` hrfjftlmfiiy.
Xka piu`ba l`to rah iah to `abftlva l`vastor sa`tlja`ts o` tka Q]A wklmk iah to f hrop l` skfra prlma croj ]ks3> l` 4>>< to ]ks64 l` Gu`a ifst yafr. Kowavar, lt kfs silbktiy rabfl`ah lts vfiua to ]ks4;. Xka cortu`as oc QMI `ow ila jfgoriy o` tka `f`mlfi jusmia oc lts jfl` skfrakoihars, l`miuhl`b tka @ftlo`fi L`surf`ma Morporftlo` wltk 62.;3 %, Ma`trfi Df`e oc Ea`yf Ajpioyaa ^a`slo` Cu`h, Df`e oc Qbf`hf ]tf Tatlraja`t ^if`, f`h @]]C. Otkars fra Ea`yf ^owar f`h Ilbktl`b Mojpf`y, Qbf`hf Mojju`lmftlo`s Ajpioyaas Mo`trldutlo` ^if`, Ea`yf Flrwfys ]tf ^rovlha`t Cu`h, Qbf`hf Havaiopja`t Df`e, @ftlo`fi ]omlfi ]amurlty Cu`h ]tf L`vastja`t ^if`, Gosapk f`h Eatrfk Xueurftllra f`h jl`orlty skfrakoihars. Bol`b corwfrh, L`koio toih Xka afrilar l` f` l`tarvlaw tkft L`hapa`ha`t afrilar L`hapa`ha`t tka mojpf`y“s comus ls to brow lts prot dy hou houdia dia hlb hlblt lt so fs to blv blvaa vfiu vfiuaa to to lts lts skfrakoihars. ’Ra fra bol`b to ho l``ovftlo`s ” wa wf`t to bo l`to otkar moiorah or bifzah el`h oc tlias, mify pfvar,‚ ka sflh. ’Ra wlii ajdrfma pfsslo` to axmai l` avarytkl`b tkft wa wlii mkoosa to ho. Ra wlii fiso ho f iot oc jfreatl`b, baobrfpklmfi axpf`slo`s dy opa`l`b up outiats wklmk wlii da stomeah fhaquftaiy ft fii tljas,‚ L`koio ravafiah. Ka sflh tka mojpf`y ls fiso iooel`b ft sal`b up f dulihar“s fmfhajy tkft wlii drl`b drl `b frm frmklt kltamt amts, s, pro propart party y havai havaiopar opars, s, a`bl`aars f`h paopia l` tka rafi astfta samtor to kaip skfrpa` tkalr e`owiahba fdout tka l`hustry f`h our prohumts. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
4=
Axamutlva ]tyia
Df`es rajfl` jfgor jfgor mkf``ai cor jo`ay ifu`harl`b-Fsudo ]yh`ay Fsudo ls Fsudo ls tka Axamutlva Hlramtor oc Cl`f`mlfi L`taiilba`ma Futkorlty (CLF). Ka spoea to Xka L`hapa`ha`t“s Fb`as A @f`tfdf fdout @f`tfdf fdout tka stftus oc jo`ay ifu`harl`b l` Qbf`hf f`h accorts to mojdft lt. Rkft a`mojpfssas your jf`jf`fbaja`t styia? y pkliosopky kfs assa`tlfiiy rajfl`ah tka sfja ovar tka yafrs. Rklia tka l`stltutlo` kfs axpf`hah, tka stf `ujdars wa kfva fra `ot wkara wa wf`t to da. Ra fra ava` hol`b f raavfiuftlo` oc tka stf `ujdars tkft wa `aah to fhhrass tka mkfiia`ba damfusa tka tfse ls dlbbar dlb bar tkf tkf` ` wa wa tkou tkoubkt. bkt. Xkr Xkraa aa yafrs dfme, wa hlh`“t kfva jumk stuhlas ilea wa ho tohfy f`h wltk our axparla`ma, wa `ow e`ow tka jfb`ltuha oc tka prodiaj. Ra kfva pif`s to ramrult 61 fhhltlo`fi stf damfus dam fusaa wa wa wara wara pro provlh vlhah ah wlt wltk k tka cu`hs l` frafs oc oparftlo`fi f`fiysls, l`tar`ftlo`fi raiftlo`s, l`spamtlo`s f`h mojpilf`ma. Jy stra`btk fs f tafj iafhar ilas l` tafj wore f`h iafh dy axfjpia. Cor l`stf`ma, wltk rabfrhs to tlja jf`fba-
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48
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
ja`t, L fj f` fhapt. L fj tka mklac mustohlf` oc tka poilmlas oc tka orbf`lzftlo`. Ra l`tarfmt afsliy f`h tka bfp datwaa` tka iafharsklp f`h tka stf ls `frrow so tkay mf` rafmk ja afsliy f`h vlma varsf. Ra kfva fiso dulit tka systajs sumk tkft martfl` tkl`bs mf` ow futojftlmfiiy ava` wltkwltk out jy pkyslmfi prasa`ma. Rkft ls your fssassja`t oc tka stftus oc jo`ay ifu`harl`b l` Qbf`hf? Rka` f ifw ls a`fmtah, lt jaf`s f prodiaj kfs daa` lha`tlah f`h tka ifw mojas l` to fhhrass tkft pfrtlmuifr jlsmklac. L` tkls mfsa, lt“s tka mrlja oc jo`ay ifu`harl`b f`h tarrorlsj `f`ml`b. ]o tka quastlo` tka` ls tkft ‛ls lt fs dlb fs wa tkoubkt? F`h l` our vlaw, lt ls fmtufiiy worsa tkf` wa tkoubkt. Ra kfva ho`a f `ftlo`fi rlse fssassja`t oc tka prodiaj, prasa`tah l` tka raport ‛F`tl-jo`ay ‛F`tl-jo`ay ifu`harl`b/ mojdftl`b oc tarrorlsj rlse fssassja`t“ f`h tka raport wfs fpprovah dy mfdl`at ifst yafr f`h wlii da raiafsah to tka pudilm l` tkraa waaes“ tlja. Croj tka `ftlo`fi rlse fssassja`t, wa wara fdia to trfme tka prodiaj frafs. Cor l`stf`ma, tka jfl` mkf``ai tkft ifu`harars usa ls tka df`el`b l`hustry fitkoubk tkara fra fiso otkar jo`ay rajlf`mas ilea tka corax, `o`-rabuiftah or u`harrabuiftah dusl`assas ilea tka rafi astfta samtor f`h tkls ls f biodfi tra`h `ot u`lqua to Qbf`hf. L` Qbf`hf, tka rafi astfta ls pfrtlmuifriy prodiajftlm damfusa up to ;> parma`t oc if`h ls `ot tltiah, lt“s fiso possldia to fmqulra f proparty
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f`h o`a hoas`“t `aah to mkf`ba ow`arsklp damfusaa tkar damfus tkaraa ls ls `o `o odil odilbft bftlo` lo` to ho tkf tkft. t. Rkft ls l`voivah ls o`iy f sfias fbraaja`t f`h tkaracora ramorhs stlii skow sojadohy aisa fs tka ow`ar, f`h tkaracora ho`“t kfva prooc tkft tkls dulihl`b or if`h daio`bs to tkls l`hlvlhufi. Dut fiso, tka hafiars l` pramlous sto`as f`h jatfis l`miuhl`b boih f`h hlfjo`hs ls f dlb dusl`ass damfusa tka fjou`ts tkft ow tkroubk tkls dusl`ass fra stfbbarl`b f`h soja oc tkasa prodiajs frlsa croj `albkdorl`b mou`trlas, sumk fs tka Afstar` Hajomrftlm Tapudilm oc Mo`bo. O`a oc tka io`b tarj soiutlo`s ls to rahuma tka fjou`t oc mfsk l` tka amo`ojy to usa fitar`ftlva jaf`s oc pfyja`t otkar tkf` mfsk damfusa lt“s vary afsy to trf`sfmt wltk mfsk wltkout iafvl`b f`y trfmas wklmk ls `ot tka sfja wltk aiamtro`lm jaf`s. Bovar`ja`t kfs fbraah to rahuma jo`ay wltkl` tka `axt 6> to 61 yafrs. Murra`tiy, tka ifw raqulras tkft f`yo`a wko“s jovl`b out oc tka mou`try wltk ]ks => jliilo` or tka aqulvfia`t skouih da hamifrah, dut wltk tka porous dorhars, lt ls kfrh to da ljpiaja`tah. Ra fiso proposa to rahuma tka `ujdar oc l`corjfi dusl`ass damfusa tkay l`mrafsa opportu`ltlas cor jo`ay ifu`harl`b. Bovar`ja`t skouih moja up wltk poilmlas to l`ma`tlvlza tka corjfilzftlo` oc dusl`ass to jova brfhufiiy to corjfi dusl`ass strumturas. Xkara fra fiso skort tarj soiutlo`s ilea a`kf`ml`b trfl`l`b, iabfi bfps, wklmk wa proposa to da fja`hah to jaat dotk tka l`tar`ftlo`fi f`h hojastlm raqulraja`ts. Df`es, cor l`stf`ma, skouih da jora vlblif`t l` e`owl`b tkalr mustojars, trfl` tkalr cro`t il`a stf o` tka possldia slb`s oc susplmlous trf`sfmtlo`s f`h l`mrafsa df`e“s fwfra`ass o` tka jaf`s paopia usa to ifu`har jo`ay.
tkls kfs daa` f rasuit oc fssassja`t tkft wfs ho`a twlma. Odvlousiy, tka wore smkahuia l` tka rst tkraa yafrs ls `ot tka sfja ilea l` tka `axt tkraa yafrs f`h tkaracora wa kfva havaiopah f strftablm pif` 4>63-4>4> f`h wa l`ta`h to ho f jlhtarj ravlaw oc tka sfja. Cor l`stf`ma, l` tarjs oc pudilm fwfra`ass, wa kfva `ot ho`a waii f`h so wa wf`t to l`mrafsa fwfra`ass oc tka ifw dotk dot k l` l` tarj tarjss oc oc tkosa tkosa wko fra supp supposah osah to mojpiy wltk tka ifw, tkosa wko fra supposah to ljpiaja`t tka ifw f`h tkosa wko fra supposah to e`ow fdout tka ifw. F`h l` ilflso` wltk tka poilma, wa `aah to l`mrafsa tka `ujdar oc l`vastlbftlo`s f`h mourt mfsas raiftah to jo`ay ifu`harl`b f`h f`tl-tarrorlsj `f`ml`b.
CLF“s jfl` odgamtlva ls bktl`b jo`ay ifu`harl`b f`h `f`mlfi crfuh / mrljas fs astfdilskah dy tka F`tl ” Jo`ay Ifu`harl`b Fmt 4>6=. Xo wkft axta`t kfva your rafilzah tkls odgamtlva? Ra kfva fmklavah ;> parma`t oc our odgamtlva l` tka rst tkraa yafrs. Qsl`b f jfrel`b smkaja, fs f `aw a`tlty, tka prlorlty kfs daa` sal`b up f` orbf`lzftlo` to axlst wltk l`-kousa sal`bs f`h tkft kfs daa` daa ` ho`a ho`a.. Xka Xka mor moraa jf`hf jf`hfta ta oc CLF ls to ramalva susplmlous trf`sfmtlo`s, f`fiyza tkft l`corjftlo`, trf`scorj l`to l`taiilba`ma f`h hlssajl`fta to ifw a`cormaja`t wklmk wa mf` fdiy ho. Ra fra `ow f saic-fmmou`tl`b vota f`h wa fra fdia to duhbat, pif` f`h axamuta. Kowavar tka eay fmklavaja`t wfs bal`b Qbf`hf o tka Cl`f`mlfi Fmtlo` Xfse Xf se Corma (CF (CFXC) XC) wftmk ilst sl`ma wa murra`tiy possass tka raqulslta iabfi f`h l`stltutlo`fi crfjawore to bkt jo`ay ifu`ifu` harl`b. Xka iabfi crfjawore ls l` il`a wltk l`tar`ftlo`fi stf`hfrhs fs waii dal`b l` booh dooes wltk Afstar` f`h ]outkar` Fcrlmf F`t-Jo`ay Ifu`harl`b Broup (A]FFJIB) f`h
mraftah. Ra wa`t fkafh to lssua f `otlma l`corjl`b fmmou`tfdia parso`s or raportl`b a`tltlas tkft tka ifw wfs l` pifma f`h tkft tkay kfva odilbftlo`s to raport ifrba mfsk trf`sfmtlo`s oc ]ks4>jliilo` f`h fdova ho`a ovar df`es wkatkar hadlt or mrahlt. ]o tka df`es wara lssuah f`h tkay kfva daa` mojpilf`t f`h tkft wfs hafit wltk.
Xka purposa oc Mfsk Xrf`sfmtlo` Taports (MXTs) ls to hatamt jo`ay ifu`harah ft lts a`try l`to tka `f`mlfi systaj dut lt kfs daa` raportah tkft CLF kfs `ot mraftah fwfra`ass fdout tka lssuf`ma oc tka raports? Rkft axpifl`s tkls? Xkft ls `ot trua. Xka rst tkl`bs wa hlh wfs to havaiop tka corjs cor ifrba mfsk trf`sfmtlo`s gust f jo`tk fctar wa kfh daa`
Rka` f ifw ls a`fmtah, lt jaf`s f prodiaj kfs daa` lha`tlcah f`h tka
ifw mojas l` to tkft pfrtlmuifr jlsmklac
Xka durafumrfmy l`voivah l` f`fiyzl`b MXTs f`h prosamutlo` oc jo`ay ifu`harl`b mfsas provlhas f` fva`ua cor avfslo` dy jo`ay ifu`harars. Rkft fra your miosa-bfp jafsuras l` tkls? Xka ifw stftas tkft tka raports moja to CLF, wa f`fiyza f`h hlssajl`fta tkaj. Xka prodiaj kfs daa` tkft tka promass or systaj ls jf`ufi dut tkls skfii mafsa to kfppa` fs wa kfva fmqulrah tka boFJI systaj. Xka soctwfra ls f soiutlo` tkft futojftas F`tl-Jo`ay Ifu`harl`b raportl`b raqulraja`ts. Lt“s bol`b to da oparftlo`fi l` Gu`a f`h wltk lt, f`fiysls wlii da jfh jfhaa cfstar cfstar..
Qbf`hf fhoptah tka tkraskoih provlhah dy tka Cl`f`mlfi Fmtlo` Xfse Corma oc $6>>>> - $61>>> to rahuma tka l`mo`va`la`ma l` tka hfy to hfy dusl`assas oparftlo`s. Rkft ljpfmt kfs tkls mraftah? Xkara kfs daa` f jlsmo`maptlo` l` tka raportl`b jamkf`lsj f`h promassas fs paopia tkl`e tkft tkay fra tka o`as to raport to CLF yat lt ls tka roia oc tka df`e f`h tkft“s wkara tkalr odilbftlo` stops. CLF tka` tfeas o` croj plmel`b out wkft“s wkft“s oc l`tarast to us f`h wrlta dfme to tkaj raquastl`b cor jora l`corjftlo` fdout f spamlm trf`sfmtlo`. Lc tkay kfva lt, tkay sa`h f`h lc tkay ho`“t, tkay safrmk cor tka sourma oc tka jo`ay. Lc wa `aah jora l`corjftlo` o` tka raport, tka df`es fra odilbah to sa`h lt l` fmmorhf`ma wltk tka ifw. L` f` fajpt to ho so, jost df`es `ow kfva f pfrfbrfpk to l`hlmfta sourma oc tka jo`ay. Xka Jo`ay Ifu`harl`b f`h Xarrorlst Cl`f`ml`b @ftlo`fi Tlse Fssassja`t raport tkft wfs pfssah dy mfdl`at l`hlmftas tkft tka mou`try suars croj f iow jo`ay ifu`harl`b ifu`harl` b mojdftl`b fdlilty. Rkara hoas tka mkfiia`ba ila? Clrst oc fii, wa fssassah tka iavai oc rlse oc tka mkfiia`ba. Cor tkosa tkft fra klbk rlse, wa axpiora tka rafso`s cor l`stf`ma rafi astfta ls f klbk rlse fraf damfusa tkara ls `o rabuiftor, ;> parma`t oc tka if`h ls `ot tltiah f`h lt ls `ot mojpuisory to trf`scar ow`arsklp l` Qbf`hf. Xka otkar mkfiia`ba ls ifme oc mfpfmlty or iow stf `ujdars, ifme oc fwfra`ass cor l`stf`ma jo`ay ifu`harl`b ls `ot o`a oc tka mora mrljas wkara trfl`l`b ls oarah ft ^oilma Xrfl`l`b ]mkooi so wa proposa to jfea jo`ay ifu`harl`b o`a oc tka mora mrljas wkara MLH oars fra trfl`ah. Xka liiabfi oparftlo`s oc corax durafus fiso posa f tkraft cor l`stf`ma tkara fra =>> ilma`sah or iabfi corax durafus dut tkosa tkft fra oparftl`b liiabfiiy fra jora f`h tkls stf`hs fs f`otkar wfy tkft paopia usa to ifu`har jo`ay. Ra kfva kfh a`bfbaja`ts wltk Qbf`hf Corax Durafus f`h Jo`ay Tajlars Fssomlftlo` (QCDJTF) to `h wfys oc ljprovl`b tkalr fwfra`ass oc tka ifw f`h pfssl`b o` to lts jajdars. Rkft ls your progamtlo` oc CLF l` tka `axt caw yafrs? Oc tka tkl`bs wa sat out to ho l` tka rst tkraa yafrs, wa kfva fmklavah ;> parma`t dut l` tar tarjs js oc oc mojd mojdfl fl`b `b jo` jo`ay ay ifu ifu`ha `harrl`b, wa fra stlii ft tka l`cf`my damfusa wltkl` tkraa yafrs, wa mf``ot summasscuiiy kfva coubkt tka mrlja. Xka cutura ilas l` jfel`b CLF aamtlva f`h worel`b vary waii wltk slstar orbf`lzftlo`s so tkft tka l`taiilba`ma wa prohuma iafhs to summasscui l`vastlbftlo`s, summasscui prosamutlo`, f`h summasscui ramovary oc tka liilmlt jo`las.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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M]T
M]T
@DI ifu`mkas ]fcaty Fpp
Lsljdf hfj mo`trfmtor racurdlskl`b smkooi
Efhfbf ft tka mojjlsslo`l`b marajo`y
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kl`f L`tar`ftlo`fi Rftar f`h Aiamtrlmfi Morporftlo` (MRA), tka mo`trfmtor oc tka 6;=JR Lsljdf Kyhro powar progamt ls racurdlskl`b oih strumturas oc Jduifjutl ^rljfry ]mkooi cou`h l` Efjuil hlstrlmt f caw eliojatars fwfy croj tka slta
wkara hfj mo`strumtlo` ls tfel`b pifma. ]pafel`b ft tka mojjlsslo`l`b oc wores ava`t ft tka smkooi o` Jfy =, omlfis sflh tka progamt wlii ifst tkraa jo`tks. Rf`b Vlyuf`, tka haputy progamt jf`fbar cor MRA, sflh tkay fra racurdlskl`b soja mifssroojs f`h mo`strumtl`b tkraa `aw UmifssroojsZ. O`a oc tka mifssroojs wlii da f juitljahlf kfii cuiiy cur`lskah f`h aqulppah wltk mojputars cor puplis to usa cor l`corjftlo` tamk`oioby mifssas. ’Ra kopa our aorts wlii da fppramlftah,‚ Rf`b, wko sflh tka progamt wouih most frou`h ]ks 2>>jliilo`, sflh. Xka ]pafear oc ^frilfja`t Tadammf Efhfbf, wko praslhah ovar fs mklac buast f`h tka Qbf`hf Aiamtrlmlty Ba`arftlo` Mojpf`y Iljltah Mklac Axamutlva Omar, Kfrrlso` Ju tlef`bf urbah MRA to usa iomfi suppilars oc maja`t, sf`h f`h ifdour cor tka progamt fmtlvltlas.
XAIAMOJ
JX@ Qbf`hf sudsmrldars brow =% l` V6 4>6;
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X@ Qbf`hf ramorhah f =.6% rlsa l` sudsmrldars to 6>.;jliilo` l` tka rst qufrtar a`hl`b Jfrmk 4>6;. Xka l`mraja`t l` sudsmrldars cor tka rst tkraa jo`tks a`hs two mo`samutlva qufrtars oc cfiil`b mustojar `ujdars. Xka ljprovah sudsmrldar buras fiso mo`mo` -
trldutah to f` l`mrafsa l` rava`ua cor JX@ Qbf`hf. ’Coiiowl`b f siowar prlor qufrtar (8V62), JX@ Qbf`hf axparla`mah f posltlva rst qufrtar wltk sarvlma rava`ua browtk oc ;%. JoJo rava`ua l`mrafsah dy 46.;% to mo`trlduta 41% oc totfi rava`ua. Solma rava`ua browtk l` tka parloh wfs jora jutah,
wltk browtk oc =.8% hasplta f ==.3% l`mrafsa l` dliifdia jl`utas. Xfrls Xfr ls hamil`ah dy =4.3% \-o-\. JX@ Qbf`hf raportah `at fhhltlo`s cor tka qufrtar oc 68<, >>>,‚ tka qufrtariy trfhl`b uphfta rafhs. JX@ Broup MAO, Tod ]kuar, sflh tkara wfs ovarovar fii stro`b browtk l` hftf f`h Jodlia Jo`ay rava`ua.
X
ka @lia Drawarlas Iljltah hrafj ls Waro L`gurlas fmross lts oparftlo`s. Xo fmklava tkls, tka mojpf`y kfs ifu`mkah f ]fcaty Fpp mfiiah FD L`Dav ]FCAX\. Xka Fpp, havaiopah fs f tooi cor rlse lha`tlmftlo` f`h jltlbftlo` to pra va`t l`gurlas f`h ramob`lsa sfca dakfvlor l` orhar to mrafta f posltlva sfcaty muitura, wfs ifu`mkah hurl`b maiadrftlo`s to jfre tka Rorih ]fcaty Raae. ’Xka Fpp fiiows f`yo`a to mfptura rlses f`h kfzfrhs f`ytlja, ramob`lza sfca dakfvlor, tfea f plmtura oc tka ava`t f`h asmfifta tkosa rlses, kfzfrhs f`h ramob`ltlo` to tka rlbkt paopia l` rafi tlja. Xkls a`suras tkay fra hafit wltk l` f tljaiy jf``ar,‚ sflh O`fplto Aeojoiolt, tka morporfta fccflrs hlramtor @DI.’Xka hftf mfpturah ls mo``amtah to our biodfi piftcorj cor sfcaty l`mlha`t jf`fbaja`t Mrahlt=3>. Xkls wlii fiiow us to u`harstf`h raiftlo`sklps croj tka hftf f`h damoja ava` jora prava`tftlva wltk our rlse f`h kfzfrh jf`fbaja`t ovar tlja.‚
@DI occlmlfis ft tka ifu`mk
M]T
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]mkoifrsklp Kfwear dfbs ]ks6>j Jfhkvf`l Cou`hftlo`“s 4>6;-4>6< ]mkoifrsklp croj Momf-Moif
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`otkar iumey wl``ar, Baocray Jfhlrf croj Fruf gol`ah pravlous wl``ars l` tka o`bol`b Q`har Xka Mrow` ^rojotlo` huddah ‛]fjdf @a MomfMoif“ projotlo` dy wl``l`b ]ks 6> jliilo`, tka mojpf`y sflh l` f Jfy 8 `otlma. ’L fj so brftacui,‚ Jfhlrf sflh upo` ramalvl`b tka mfsk. Ifst jo`tk, Momf-Moif pfrt`arah wltk Rorih Mup Omlfi drofhmfstar Juitlmkolma f`h biodfi pfrt`ar Klsa`sa to drl`b tka Rorih Mup miosar to mo`sujars fii fmross Qbf`hf tkroubk tka ‛]fjdf @a Momf-Moif“ projotlo`. ]l`ma lts ifu`mk, iumey mo`sujars fmross tka mou`try kfva wo` jliilo`s l` mfsk f`h otkar boohlas. 43
Jfhkvf`l Cou`hftlo` occlmlfis ft tka ava`t.
X
ka Jfhkvf`l Cou`hftlo` kfs f``ou`mah tka 4>6;-4>6< ]mkoifrsklp fwfrh wortk ]ks2>>jliilo` to support stuha`ts l`ta`hl`b to pursua dotk smla`tlm f`h tamk`lmfi moursas.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
Xka L`ltlftlva tkft wfs ral`trohumah l` 4>>= kfs so cfr spa`h ovar ]ks 3.1 d` supportl`b ovar 4>>> stuha`ts pursul`b moursas l` fjo`b otkars Fbrlmuitura, Dloioby, Mkajlstry, Fmtufrlfi ]mla`ma, Frmkltamtura,
Satarl`fry Jahlml`a, MojSatarl`fry jarma f`h ^kfrjfmy. Jfhkvf`l Cou`hftlo`Dofrh oc Hlramtors, Barfih ]a`hfwuif, sflh tkay fra prouh to kfva supportah tka u`harprlvliabah Qbf`hf` stuha`ts croj hlara`t iomfi u`lvarsltlas mou`trywlha.’L bat ajotlo`fi to saa tka dusl`ass mojju`lty hlspify sumk f braft sa`sa oc blvl`b dfme to tka mojju`ltlas l` wklmk tkay oparfta,‚ ka sflh. Ifst yafr, 623 stuha`ts wara brf`tah tka fwfrh, klbkast ramorh oc fwfrhaas mojpfrah to pravlous yafrs. Xka ]mkoifrsklp ]ud Mojjlaa Mkflrjf`, F`tko`y Dutaia, urbah tka stuha`ts to fppiy cor tka smkoifrsklp, fhhl`b tkft tka fppilmftlo` promass ls trf`spfra`t f`h tka da`amlfda`amlf rlas fra saiamtah o` jarlt.
DQ]L@A]]
LXM doosts Qbf`hf“s tamk ta mk mo mojp jpf` f`la las s Dy Lf` Eftusllja
X
JX@ Qbf`hf MAO (4`h I) Rlj Sf`kaiiaputta wltk Mojjo`wafitk jahfilsts ]taiif Mkasf`b, ]oiojo` Jutfl f`h Jarmyil`a Mkaif`bft hurl`b f iu`mkao` kostah cor tka ftkiatas dy JX@. LHA^A@HA@X/GLJJ\ ]L\F
Xka jf`fbl`b hlramtor Slvo A`arby Qbf`hf Blidart Fssl kf`hl`b ovar prlzas to ^ftrlme Lhrl`bl ft tka ifu`mk oc tka Slvo a`arby 8tk ahltlo` oc ]kaii BF] Xoeosf cooh castlvfi ft @fburu o` Jfy 4. Fssl sflh tka castlvfi wlii tfea pifma o` Gu`a 62 ft QJF. L@HA^A@HA@X/GLJJ\ ]L\F
ka L`tar`ftlo`fi Xrfha Ma`tra, f gol`t mooparftlo` fba`my oc Q`ltah @ftlo`s Mo`cara`ma o` Xrfha f`h Havaiopja`t (Q@MXFH) f`h Rorih Xrfha Orbf`lsftlo` mkfrbah wltk tka raspo`sldlilty oc havaiopja`t trfha, kfs u`valiah f `aw progamt fljah ft l`mrafsl`b mojpatltlva`ass oc Qbf`hf“s tamk`oioby mojpf`las. Dfsah l` Ba`avf, ]wlar]wlarif`h, LXM“] Xrust Cu`h LS progamt saaes to stra`btka` mojpatltlva`ass oc jlmro, sjfii f`h jahluj-slzah a`tarprlsas (J]JAs) l` tka mou`try“s l`corjftlo` tamk`oioby (LX) f`h LX-a`fdiah sarvlmas (LXA]) samtors tkroubk cu`hl`b f`h seliis a`kf`maja`t. LXM Axamutlva Hlramtor, Frf`mkf Bo`zæiaz sflh7 Mojpatltlva`ass ls `ot f` optlo`. Lt ls f `amasslty lc mou`trlas fra to salza opportu`ltlas prasa`tah dy trfha f`h `aw tamk`oioblas. Rltk tka @XC LS progamt wa wlii opa` up f `aw mkfptar l` LXM“s support to tka havaiopja`t oc axports oc ’Jfha l` Qbf`hf‚ LX f`h LXa`fdiah sarvlmas. Xka @XC LS progamt ls haslb`ah to smfia up mojpf-
`las, provlha jora a`h-to-a`h soiutlo`s, a`bfba jora stfrtups, f`h uitljftaiy da o`a oc tka eay hrlvars oc tka havaiopja`t oc tka LX samtor. Fjailf Eyfjdfhha, Qbf`hf“s Jl`lstar oc Xrfha L`hustry f`h Mooparftlvas, sflh ska waimojas tka LXM“s `aw l`ltlftlva to support tka iomfi LX l`hustry. ’Ra e`ow Qbf`hf` mojpf`las kfva tka seliis to mojpata l` l`tar`ftlo`fi jfreats f`h @XC LS progamt wlii kaip soja miljd tkft ifst dfrrlar f`h axpf`h dayo`h our dorhars,‚ ska sflh.@XC LS ls f mo`tl`uftlo` oc f io`b-ru``l`b pfrt`arsklp datwaa` tka Hutmk Ma`tra cor tka ^rojotlo` oc Ljports croj havaiopl`b mou`trlas (MDL) f`h LXM. Xka progamt wlii ru` u`tli Gu`a 4>46, worel`b ft hlara`t iavais oc a`bfbaja`t wltk jora tkf` 6>> J]JAs l` Qbf`hf, oc wklmk jora tkf` kfic mojprlsa stfrt-up mojpf`las. Xka @XC LS progamt wlii fiso pifma f slb`lmf`t comus o` ba`har f`h fmtlvaiy projota tka pfrtlmlpftlo` oc Qbf`hf` woja` l` tamk ” aspamlfiiy l` iafharsklp posltlo`s. Murra`tiy, jost woja` l` tka samtor ta`h to koih iowarseliiah gods sumk fs hftf a`try f`h ljfba tfbbl`b.
Raaeiy skfra prlma jovaja`t (Fprli.=>) ]amurlty
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F`baiil`a Osabba, O sabba, Rojf` J^ ]or otl hlstrlmt hlstrlm t spafel`b ft tka ifu`mk i fu`mk oc tka mf jpflb` fbfl`st tka 6% trf`samtlo` vfiua o` Jodlia Jodlia jo`ay tfx cor C\ 4>6;/6< o` Fprli => dy Mlvli ]omlaty. L@HA^A@HA@X/GLJJ\ ]L\F
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Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
42
MOJJA@X
Dy Eafiadobf G Jfpku`ya
Raf`l`b Fcrlmf` iafhars occ powar Hajomrfmy croj daiow mouih da tka f`tlhota to fhhlmtlo` to powar dy iafhars wko racusa to iafva ocma
]
oja Fcrlmf` mou`trlas kfva ramorhah hajomrftlm vlmtorlas l` tka pfst 64 jo`tks. Atkloplf kfs f `aw iafhar wkosa fsma`t koihs braft projlsa cor mkf`ba, hasplta tka mou`try“s prodiajftlm 4>61 aiamtlo`. Ildarlf f`h ]larrf Iao`a kfva `aw iafhars. Dut aisawkara o` tka mo`tl`a`t, iafhars mo`tl`ua to hlsrabfrh tkalr mou`trlas“ ow` mo`stltutlo`s f`h ifws bovar`l`b praslha`tlfi ta`ura. Xka Hajomrftlm Tapudilm oc Mo`bo“s Gosapk Efdlif kfs daa` l` powar sl`ma 4>>6. Ka racusas to bo ava` tkoubk ka wfs jaf`t to stap how` l` Hamajdar 4>63. L` Qbf`hf, \owarl Jusava`l kfs miu`b to powar sl`ma 6<;3. Ha`ls ]fssou @buasso kfs ruiah Mo`bo cor fijost => yafrs. Xkalr racusfi to stap how` ft tka fppol`tah tlja las l` tka cfma oc savarfi bovar`f`ma diuaprl`ts fhoptah fs Fcrlmf` mou`trlas sklctah fwfy croj ildarftlo` poiltlms to tka `aw post-l`hapa`ha`ma strubbia cor hajomrfmy l` tka afriy 4>>>s. Xka Orbf`lsftlo` oc Fcrlmf` Q`lty wfs trf`scorjah l`to tka Fcrlmf` Q`lo` l` 4>>6 wltk tkls sklct l` jl`h. Xka mo`tl`a`t fhoptah probrasslva bovar`f`ma toois ilea tka Fcrlmf` ^aar Tavlaw Jamkf`lsj. Xkls wfs spafrkafhah dy corjar @lbarlf` ^raslha`t Oiusabu` Odfsf`go f`h ]outk Fcrlmf“s Xkfdo Jdael fs f tooi cor Fcrlmf` mou`trlas to ravlaw o`a f`otkar“s parcorjf`ma. @ujarous Fcrlmf` mou`trlas fhoptah f`h fbraah to upkoih tka tarjs oc tka Fcrlmf` Q`lo` Mkfrtar o` Hajomrfmy, Aiamtlo`s f`h Bovar`f`ma. Lt mfja l`to corma l` 4>64 f`h wfs haslb`ah to bufrh fbfl`st u`hajomrftlm bovar`f`ma. Xkasa pif`s projlsah f braft hafi. Xkay wara haslb`ah to uskar l` booh bovar`f`ma, hajomrfmy f`h samurlty. Lt wfs kopah Fcrlmf“s ljfba fs f mo`tl`a`t oc lb`orf`ma, povarty, hlsafsa, jlsruia f`h morruptlo` mouih da arfsah. Xka rkatorlm pol`tah l` tka rlbkt hlramtlo`. Dut `ot fii Fcrlmf` iafhars wara wliil`b to da swapt dy tkls wfva oc hajomrftlm racorjs. ]oja fra qulta sljpiy fhhlmtah to powar, fs skow` dy tkalr raiumtf`ma ” lc `ot outrlbkt raslstf`ma ” to iafva ft tka a`h oc tkalr iabfi tarjs. Iafhars mo`tl`ul`b to ovarstfy tkalr waimoja u`harjl`a Fcrlmf“s fajpts ft ovar ovar-kfuil`b lts iafharsklp f`h `abfta tka `odia l`ta`tlo`s oc tka FQ“s cou`hars. 4;
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
Xarj iljlts Xarj iljlts rabuifta iafharsklp summasslo`. Xkay fra jaf`t to mou`tarfmt iafhars“ tajptftlo` to ovarstfy tkalr waimoja. Xkls kaips to mo`soilhfta f`h iabltljlsa hajomrftlmfiiy aiamtah iafharsklp. Oc moursa, tkay“ra `ot a`oubk. Tabuifr trf`scar oc powar fs saa` l` mou`trlas ilea Jfurltlus, Bkf`f, Dotswf`f f`h Wfjdlf, fjo`b otkars, mf``ot bufrf`taa poiltlmfi f`h somlo-amo`ojlm stfdlilty. Otkar l`brahla`ts sumk fs fmmou`tfdia, iabltljfta iafharsklp fra mrltlmfi. Dut rabuifr trf`scars oc powar blva b lva mltlza`s kopa tkft `aw poilmlas, probrfjjas f`h fpprofmkas wlii da fhoptah dy tka `aw iafharsklp. L` tur`, tkls mouih ovartur` `ujarous poiltlmfi, somlfi, amo`ojlm ljpfmts oc u`l`tarruptah strf`biakoihs o` powar l` Fcrlmf. Xka da`ats oc craqua`t powar trf`scars fra avlha`t l` Fcrlmf` mou`trlas tkft kfva tkaj, sumk fs ]a`abfi5 Dotswf`f f`h Jfurltlus. L`mujda`ts fra eapt o` tkalr toas damfus dam fusaa tkar tkara“s a“s f rafi rafi mkf mkf`ma `ma tka tkay y mf` mf` da rajovah croj powar lc tkay cfli to bovar` propariy. Xarj iljlts kfva rama`tiy damoja mo`trovarslfi f`h hlvlslva. ]oja iafhars kfva usah hudlous mo`stltutlo`fi fja`hja`ts to axta`h tkalr stfy l` powar. Qsufiiy, bovar`l`b pfrtlas f`h tkalr iafhars fijost axmiuslvaiy pfss sumk fja`hja`ts wltk jl`ljfi or `o opposltlo` pfrtlmlpftlo`. Xkft“s wkft kfppa`ah l` Twf`hf, Qbf`hf, Duru`hl f`h Mo`bo Tapudilm. ]ljlifriy, hasplta mo`stltutlo`fi provlslo`s f`h rabuifr aiamtlo`s, mou`trlas sumk fs F`boif, Xobo, Mfjaroo` f`h Aquftorlfi Bul`af fra vlrtufiiy ha cfmto o`a pfrty or o`a iafhar raprasslva stftas wkaral` raslb`ftlo`, ratlraja`t f`h tarj iljlts fra jaf`l`biass. Iafhars kfva hlara`t rafso`s cor racusl`b to iafva oma. L` soja mou`trlas, tka f`swar ilas l` f ifme oc summasslo` pif``l`b to trf`scar powar. L` otkars, iafhars diftf`tiy racusa to raslb` damfusa oc tkalr haspotlm f`h eiaptomrftlm ta`ha`mlas. Xkay fdusa tkalr stftas“ jl`arfis, oli f`h jo`ay wltk tkalr cfjlilas f`h crla`hs. ]tappl`b fslha wouih most tkaj tkasa ’da`ats‚. Cor l`stf`ma, tka ava`tufi hapfrtura oc F`boif“s Ahufrho Hos ]f`tos croj oma fctar hamfhas l` powar kfs iact kls cfjliy axposah. Kls mklihra` stf`h fmmusah oc
fjfssl`b dliilo`s hurl`b tkalr cftkar“s jf`y tarjs. Rltkout stro`b mo`stltutlo`fi sfcabufrhs f`h f hajomrftlm muitura to mou`tar tka `abftlva mo`saqua`mas oc tka ’sl`s oc l`mujda`my‚ ” fs morruptlo` fssomlftah wltk stfta powar ls octa` hasmrldah dy ]outk Fcrlmf“s bovar`l`b pfrty, tka Fcrlmf` @ftlo`fi Mo`brass ” mf` da ja`fml`b. Lt draahs dra ahs ’Dl ’Dlb b Ja`, Ja`, Il Ilia ia ^a ^aopi opia‚, a‚, to dor dorrow row f pkrfsa croj tka tltia oc f dooe dy gour`filst Fiam Tussai.
Raf`l`b iafhars o powar fhhlmtlo` ^armaptlva iafhars e`ow wka` to iafva oma, wkatkar tkroubk raslb`ftlo` or ratlraja`t. Dotswf`f“s pfst f`h murra`t praslha`ts kfva astfdilskah tkls prfmtlma hasplta tka mou`try“s mo`tl`uah o`a-pfrty hojl`ftlo`. Rltk tka ajarba`ma oc f stro`b hajomrftlm muitura, ]outk Fcrlmf kfs axparla`mah tka opposlta oc sumk praslha`tlfi powar jo`barl`b. Xwo praslha`ts wara ramfiiah dy tkal tkalrr poil poiltlm tlmfi fi pfr pfrty ty tka F@M F@M,, fida fidalt lt cor hlara`t rafso`s. Xkfdo Jdael rafhliy fmmaptah kls cfta wka` ka wfs toih to pfme up f`h bo, fitkoubk ka wfs `ot fmmusah oc f`y spamlm wro`b hol`b. Gfmod Wujf rajfl`ah haf`t f`h o`iy stappah fslha wka` cfmah wltk tka vary rafi prospamt oc f vota oc `o-mo`ha`ma. Bkf`f, Wfjdlf, @fjldlf, @lbarlf, Jfifwl f`h Xf`zf`lf fra otkar Fcrlmf` stftas wkara rabuifr trf`scar oc powar kfs ommurrah. Fcrlmf` votars fra `ot difjaiass. Xkay kfdltufiiy raifx tkalr vlblif`ma o` iafhars f`h cfli to koih tkaj to fmmou`t fctar aiamtlo`s. Xkls, moupiah wltk wl``artfea-fii aiamtlo` systajs, ra`hars soja Fcrlmf` mou`trlas vui`arfdia to futomrftlm, haspotlm f`h `o`-fmmou`tfdia iafhars wko wouih rftkar hla l` oma tkf` iafva. Rkft, tka`, ls tka soiutlo`? Lt jfy da tlja cor orhl`fry votars fmross tka mo`tl`a`t to dabl` dabl ` to to moii moiifdo fdorft rftaa tkro tkroubk ubk `o` `o`-bo -bovar var``ja`tfi orbf`lsftlo`s f`h otkar mross-dorhar l`stltutlo`fi jamkf`lsjs to skfra axparla`mas f`h dabl` to a`corma hurfdia mo`tl`a`tfi hajomrfmy. Fcrlmf `aahs hajomrfmy croj daiow. Eafiadobf G Jfpku`ya Jfpku`ya ls ls ^rocassor, Hapfrtja`t oc ^oiltlmfi ]mla`mas, Q`lvarslty oc ]outk Fcrlmf (Q@L]F), Q`lvarslty oc ]outk Fcrlmf Fcr lmf
MOJJA@X
Dy @f`gfif @yfdoif
F ioss cor Ea`yf` hajomrfmy Jfss raslb`ftlo` oc moiuj`lsts croj Xka @ftlo` skows prass craahoj jaf`s koihl`b ow`ars fmmou`tfdia
O
` Jfrmk 42, albkt moiuj`lsts croj tka @ftlo` Jahlf Broup raslb`ah croj tka @ftlo` `awspfpar, mltl`b f ifme oc ahltorlfi l`hapa`ha`ma. Cor Ea`yf“s ifrbast hfliy, tka axohus oc top tfia`t wfs tka iftast diow to f` firafhy tfr`lskah raputftlo`. Xka `awspfpar kfs suarah f sarlas oc ajdfrrfssl`b aplsohas l` rama`t jo`tks, l`miuhl`b klbkproia rl`bs, jfss ifyos dy tka pfra`t mojpf`y, f`h fiiabftlo`s oc stfta jahhil`b l` tka ahltorlfi promass. Dut tka raslb`ftlo`s wara jora tkf` f`otkar rapuhlftlo` oc f o`ma-vfu`tah l`stltutlo`5 tkay wara f rajl`har tkft tka jahlf rajfl` f powarcui pifyar l` Ea`yf“s ahbahb il`b hajomrfmy. Rka` bovar`ja`ts mo`strfl` gour`filsts ” l` Ea`yf or aisawkara ” tkay ho so ft tkalr ow` parli. Ilea jf`y Fcrlmf` mou`trlas, Ea`yf kfs f io`b trfhltlo` oc wkft jlbkt da mfiiah ’fmtlvlst gour`filsj‚ ” tka hlssajl`ftlo` oc `aws f`h lhafs to l`splra poiltlmfi or somlfi fmtlo`. Xka prfmtlma kfs lts roots l` f`tlmoio`lfilsj5 wka` tka @ftlo` @ftlo` wfs wfs cou`hah l` 6<3>, lt gol`ah otkar pf`-Fcrlmf` pf`-Fc rlmf` pudilmftlo`s ilea tka @aw Fcrlmf` f`h Hruj to opposa moio`lfi ruia. Dy blvl`b Ea`yf`s f piftcorj to volma tkalr hlssa`t, tka @ftlo` ” iah dy lts gour`filsts ” kaipah protastars frtlmuifta tka lhafs, siobf`s, f`h mftmkpkrfsas tkft f`ljftah tkalr jovaja`ts. Cor jf`y moiuj`lsts, sljpiy wrltl`b cor tkasa jfbfzl`as wfs f` fmt oc raslstf`ma. L` tka Rast, fmtlvlst gour`filsj mfrrlas f `abftlva mo``otftlo`, subbastl`b dlfs. Dut l` Fcrlmf, tkls typa oc gour`filsj kfs klstorlmfiiy eapt tka jahlf ko`ast dy corml`b ow`ars to comus jora o` pudilm booh tkf` o` prot. L` Ea`yf, kowavar, tkls johai ls dal`b dal `b aroh arohah ah dy tka tka ow ow oc pud pudilm ilm cu` cu`hs hs l`to prlvfta jahlf outiats l` fhvartlsl`b f`h tkroubk l`mrafsl`b raprasslo`. Xka jahlf l`hustry l` Ea`yf ls jora iumrftlva tkf` l` jost Fcrlmf` mou`trlas, wklmk kfs iah soja to fssuja tkft Ea`yf“s prass ls craa. Dut, l`mrafsl`biy, tka opposlta ls trua. Jf`y jahlf mojpf`las fra hapa`ha`t o` bovar`ja`t fhvartlsl`b rava`ua, f`h, fmmorhl`b to tka Mojjlaa to ^rotamt Gour`f Gou r`fils ilsts, ts, tkl tklss spa`h spa`hl`b l`b ls dal dal`b `b usa usah h fs fs iavarfba dy tka futkorltlas to ma`sor u`cfvourfdia movarfba. Xkls ls o`a aiaja`t oc tka ’stfta mfptura oc tka jahlf‚ tkft tka albkt @ftlo` moiuj`lsts mltah l` raslb`l`b. Xo da sura, omlfi ma`sorsklp ls `ot `aw
l` Ea`yf. Fctar f` fajptah moup l` 6<;4, jf`y sjfiiar `awspfpars wara skut how` dy tka tka stf stfta, ta, f`h dat datwaa waa` ` 6<;; 6<;; f`h 6<< 6<<>, >, ft iafst 4> `awspfpars wara cormah to mafsa pudilmftlo` parjf`a`tiy. F`h yat, ava` hurl`b parlohs oc bovar`ja`t raprasslo`, sfvvy gour`filsts kfva fiwfys cou`h fuhla`mas cor tkalr hlssa`tl`b vlaws. Hurl`b Ea`yf“s hajomrfmy jovaja`t l` tka 6<<>s, o`a oc tka jost l`ua` tlfi wfs Rfkoja Jutfkl, f kujorlst wko selrtah stfta mo`troi to pfrohy tka futkorltfrlf` praslha`t, Hf`lai Xoroltlmk frfp Jol. Jutfkl ava`tufiiy spa`t 61 jo`tks l` tka l`cfjous @yfyo Kousa tortura mkfjdars fs pu`lskja`t cor kls wrltl`bs. Ea`yf` jahlf axparla`mah f ravlvfi l` tka post-Jol arf5 dy 4>64, tka mou`try kfh =>6 rfhlo stftlo`s f`h ;= taiavlslo` stftlo`s, up croj o`iy tkraa taiavlslo` `atwores l` tka 6<<>s. Dut tka browtk l` jahlf outiats f`h ildarfilsftlo` oc tka mou`try“s poiltlms hlh `ot trf`sifta l`to jora prass craahoj. L`stafh, fctar f drlac raprlava datwaa` summasscui aiamtlo`s l` 4>>4 f`h post-aiamtlo` vloia`ma l` 4>>2, gour`filsts wara tfrbatah o`ma jora. Mrfmehow`s kfva rf`bah croj tka savara ” l`miuhl`b hata`tlo`, tortura, f`h hlsfp pafrf`mas ” to tka sudtia. Cor axfjpia, wka` tka poiltlmfi mfrtoo`lst Bohcray Jwfjpajdwf, e`ow` fs Bfho, wfs cormah croj kls post ft tka @ftlo` l` 4>63, kls dossas hlh `ot axpilmltiy ra tka `aws`awspfpar“s jost popuifr mo`trldutor. Tftkar, tkay sljpiy racusah to ra`aw kls mo`trfmt
Xka jahlf l`hustry l` Ea`yf ls jora iumrftlva tkf` l` jost Fcrlmf` mou`trlas, mou`trlas, wklmk kfs iah soja to fssuja tkft Ea`yf“s prass ls craa
wka` lt axplrah. Xka sfja tkl`b kfppa`ah to Hfvlh @hll, f` amo`ojlst f`h opposltlo`-filftah moiuj`lst cor tka ]u`hfy @ftlo`. Dut tkasa hlsjlssfis pfia l` mojpfrlso` to f bovar`ja`t-ljposah difmeout l` afriy Cadrufry. Xo prava`t gour`filsts croj raportl`b o` f poiltlmfi rfiiy dy tka`opposltlo` iafhar Tflif Ohl`bf, tka Ea`yf` bovar`ja`t cormah tkraa prlvfta taiavlslo` stftlo`s o tka flr cor hfys, lb`orl`b mourt orhars to a`h tka diomefha. Gour`filsts ft o`a stftlo`, @ftlo` Xaiav Xaiavlslo` lslo` , kuhhiah l` tkalr omas fs tkay moorhl`ftah wltk ifwifw yars f`h soubkt to fvolh frrast. Rka` tka hust ava`tufiiy saiah, axamutlvas croj fii tkraa `atwores kfh raslb`ah. Rltkout mourfbaous, plo`aarl`b gour`filsts, Ea`yf“s pro-hajomrfmy jovaja`t jfy `avar kfva summaahah. Fmtlvlst moiuj`lsts kaipah tka pudilm u`harstf`h poiltlmfi hamlslo`s dy jfel`b poilmy fmmassldia. L` Jutfkl“s mfsa, tka usa oc kls ow` cfjliy l` kls pfrohlas wfs f havlma l`ta`hah to hajo`strfta tkft pay hojastlm haspotlsj wfs `o hlara`t croj tka poiltlmfi tyrf``y ormkastrftah dy f` futomrftlm praslha`t. Ea`yf`s `aah sljlifr jaf`s oc raamtlo` tohfy. F`h yat, gust wka` tka mou`try“s hajomrftlm l`stltutlo`s mouih jost da`at croj sumk f jlrror, tkosa wko kfva klstorlmfiiy kaih lt up `ow dailava tkay kfva `o fitar`ftlva dut to put lt how`. Cor Ea`yf, tka vary pudilm hamil`a oc tka @ftlo` @ftlo` kfs kfs moja ft f klbk most. Dut lt kfs fiso hajo`strftah tkft prass craahoj jaf`s jumk jora tkf` ial`b gour`filsts sfy wkft tkay wf`t, wka` tkay wf`t, f`h kow tkay wf`t. Lt fiso jaf`s koihl`b jahlf ow`ars fmmou`tfdia. F klbkiy mojpatltlva aiamtorfi systaj crfjah dy f mojprojlsah jahlf ls jora ileaiy to cuai hlssa`t tkf` to staj lt, f`h Ea`yf“s hajomrfmy wlii suar so io`b fs tka mou`try“s stawfrhs oc pudilm a`ilbkta`ja`t tur` tkalr dfmes o` lt.
@f`gfif @yfdoif @yfdoif ls f wrltar, poiltlmfi f`fiyst, f`h futkor oc tka cortkmojl`b dooe Hlbltfi Hajomrfmy, F`fiobua ^oiltlms7 Kow Ko w tka tka L`t L`tar` ar`at at Arf ls Xrf Xrf`sc `scorj orjl`b l`b Ea`yf. Mopyrlbkt7 ^rogamt ]y`hlmfta, 4>6;.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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MOJJA@X
A`ome @yoraew @yoraewff Xwl`oduryo
Jaf`l`b oc df`el`b samtor rasuits Jodlia jo`ay to tka rasmua fs df`el`b samtor rajfl`s too skfiiow to iavarfba `f`mlfi l`miuslo`
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` il`a wltk stftutory raqulraja`ts, fii df`es fra supp df`es supposah osah to pud pudils ilsk k tkal tkalrr `f`mlfi stftaja`ts dy tka a`h oc Fprli oc afmk yafr. yafr. Xka pudilskah df`es“ rasuits cor 4>62 fra out f`h tka totfi fssats l`mrafsah dy 6;% rafmkl`b ]ks43.3 trliilo` l` Hamajdar 4>62. 4>62. Xkls trf`siftas to 42% oc BH^, wklmk subbasts tkft Qbf`hf“s df`el` df` el`b b samto samtorr rajf rajfl`s l`s skf skfiio iiow w to to iava iavarfb rfbaa `f`mlfi haapa`l`b. Cor axfjpia, tka skfra oc df`es fssats to BH^ l` Qbf`hf ls tka sfja fs fvarfba oc tka prlvfta samtor mrahlt to BH^ l` tka ]ud ]fkfrf Fcrlmf rablo`. Frbufdiy too sjfii to wfrrf`t f`y ja`tlo` l` tka Fprli 4>6; LJC Biodfi Cl`f`mlfi ]tfdlilty Taport. Xka iljltah fssat dfsa oc tka df`es l` pfrt axpifl`s wky Qbf`hf“s prlvfta samtor mrahlt fs skfra oc BH^ ls kfic tka ]]F fvarfba. Lt ls fiso mo`strfl`ah frbufdiy dy df`es l`vastl`b 4>% oc lts fssats l` bovar`ja`t samurltlas ” wltk yafr to yafr browtk mojja`surfta to tka fssat browtk oc 6;% to rafmk ]ks1.8 trliilo` l` 4>62. Guxtfposah wltk prlvfta samtor mrahlt browtk oc 3% l` 4>62, lt ljpilas tkft tka df`es tooe f cflriy rlse `autrfi posltlo` ” l`mil`l`b towfrhs rlse craa bovar`ja`t samurltlas. Fitkoubk tkara ls f pota`tlfi p ota`tlfi oc juitlpia fppilmftlo`s, o`iy o`a l` two oc iof` fppilmftlo`s wfs fpprovah l` 4>62. Xka dfmehrop ls f`amhotfi to tka mrowhl`b out oc tka prlvfta samtor. Fmmorhl`b to tka fssat mojposltlo` hrfw` croj tka pudilskah stftaja`ts, lt mf` fiso da frbuah tkft tka df`el`b samtor rajfl`s oilbopoilstlm l` `ftura hasplta dal`b mojposah oc 48 df`es. O`iy albkt df`es kfva f` fssat vfiua oc jora tkf` ]ks6 trliilo`, oc wklmk o`iy tkraa jfha `at prots l` axmass oc ]ks6>> dliilo`. Xkasa top ; df`es dy fssat fmmou`t cor 22% oc tka totfi fssats f`h ;<% oc protfdlilty. ]tf`dlm df`e (wklmk doubkt Qbf`hf Mojjarmlfi Df`e cor Q]$46.= jliilo` l` 4>>4 f`h jfha tka sfja jo`ay l` l`moja tka sfja yafr) rajfl`s tka jost protfdia df`e ” rafmkl`b ]ks 4>> dli ilo` cor rst tlja owl`b ifrbaiy croj =>
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
u`harmul`b mosts (dy ]ks62 dliilo`) fs opposah to l`mrafsah l`moja. Xka ifar rahumah jfl`iy hua to l`tarast l`moja rahumtlo` frldutah to hamil`l`b l`tarast rftas mo`slsta`t wltk tka jo`atfry stf`ma (rahumtlo` oc tka Ma`trfi Df`e Tfta ovar tka ifst 64 jo`tks). Xka samo`h ifrbast ifrbast df`e dy fssat f`h prots ls `ow HCMQ df`e coi iowl`b lts tfeaovar oc Mrf`a Df`e f`h lt kfh lts `at prots mross tka ]ks6>> dliilo` jfre cor tka rst tlja avar. Lts `at prots braw dy 4;>% to ]ks642 dliilo`. Ma`ta`fry df`e wklmk ls tka courtk ifrbast dy fssat wfs tka tklrh jost protfdia wltk ]ks6>> dliilo`, kowavar, rablstarl`b f rahumtlo` oc ]ks< dliilo` croj 4>63 prots. ]tf`hfrh Mkfrtarah Df`e tka tklrh ifrbast df`e dy fssat kfs cor tka 4`h tlja l` ifst slx yafrs saa` lts prots bo iass tkf` ]ks6>> dliilo` f`h lts mo`varba`ma wltk ]tf`dlm Df`e kfs sl`ma daa` mojprojlsah.
Xka iljltah fssat dfsa oc tka df`es l` pfrt axpifl`s wky Qbf`hf“s prlvfta samtor mrahlt fs skfra oc BH^ ls kfic tka ]]F fvarfba
Ovarfii, tka totfi df`el`b protfdlilty l`mrafsah to ]ks22> dliilo` l` 4>62 croj ]ks323 dliilo` l` 4>63 dut rajfl`s seawah towfrhs tka top 6>. Xka strubbia ls rafi ft tka dooj, wltk ioss jfel`b df`es l`mrafsl`b to slx mojpfrah to cour l` 4>63 f`h 4>61. Xka df`el`b samtor most to l`moja rftlo rajfl`ah klbk ft 2=% l` 4>62 croj tka ;1% l` 4>63 dut ls stlii klbkar tkf` tka klstorlmfi fvarfba. Xkls ls wky jost df`es kfva drofhiy comusah o` dfif`ma skaat rapflrl`b5 l`miuhl`b tfel`b most mul`b jafsuras dy rahuml`b df`e drf`mkas ” rajfl`l`b mo`ma`trftah l` urdf` frafs5 pfrtlmuifriy Efjpfif. Fs sumk, tka skfra oc `o`parcorjl`b iof`s to totfi bross iof`s rahumah to silbktiy iass tkf` 3% croj ovar 6>% l` 4>63. L` f `utskaii, tka df`el`b samtor rajfl`s skfiiow, sjfii, hojl`ftah dy f caw df`es, f`h wltk iljltah mrahlt pa`atrftlo` wklmk subbasts tkft tka df`es fra `ot tka jost optljfi johfilty cor `f`mlfi l`miuslo`. Jodlia jo`ay dy cfr fs u`haril`ah l` tka 4>63 `f`mlfi l`miuslo` strftaby ls f mo`hult cor l`miuslo`. Xka proportlo` oc Qbf`hf`s usl`b jodlia jo`ay ls dy cfr braftar tkf` cor f`y otkar `f`mlfi sar vlmas l` Qbf`hf, wklmk ls wky frbufdiy tka 6% tfx o` jodlia jo`ay trf`sfmtlo`s wlii da rabrasslva. Xka totfi vfiua oc jodlia jo`ay trf`sfmtlo`s cor tka `f`mlfi a`hl`b Gu`a 4>62 kfh rafmkah ]ks1= trliilo` (ovar 11% oc BH^) croj ]ks=; trliilo` l` 4>63. Mob`lzf`t tkft `afriy albkt jliilo` paopia usa oc jodlia jo`ay, Df`e oc Qbf`hf fs tka mkfjplo` oc `f`mlfi l`miuslo` oubkt to provlha aamtlva poilmy fhvlsory l` tkls rafij, l` ilbkt oc tka rama`t ravarsfi oc povarty, l`aqufilty, f`h otkar havaiopja`t bofis. Hr A`ome @yoraewf Xwl`oduryo, Xwl`oduryo, Amo`ojlst dfsah l` Elbfil
MOJJA@X
Dy Iao` Rliiajs
Kow prass craahoj ls wo` Tama`t ava`ts skow tkft `o jahlf jfreat ls ljju`a to aroslo` oc prass craahoj dut raslstf`ma ls possldia
A
vary yafr o` Jfy = ” Rorih ^rass Craahoj Hfy ” `aws prohumars f`h mo`sujars pfusa to raamt o` tka stfta oc biodfi jahlf. Xkls yafr, fs gour`filsts f`h bovar`ja`t ocmlfis bftkarah l` Bkf`f cor tka ava`t“s 41tk odsarvf`ma, fa`tlo` tur`ah to tka jyrlfh prassuras f`h mkfiia`bas mo`cro`tl`b tka procasslo` worihwlha, f`h kow omlfi f`h stfta-spo`sorah kostlilty towfrh tka prass ls tkrafta`l`b hajomrfmy. Dut tkasa mo`mar`s, tkoubk martfl`iy vfilh, fra `ot tka a`tlra story. ]lb`s oc gour`filstlm raslila`ma fra fiso fiso ajarbl`b. ]o, rftkar tkf` comusl`b axmiuslvaiy a xmiuslvaiy o` tka odstfmias gour`filsts frou`h tka worih fra cfml`b, jfre Jfy = skouih kfva daa` jfreah dy mo`slharl`b tka jf`y rafso`s cor optljlsj. Cor stfrtars, wklia `o jahlf jfreat ls ljju`a to aroslo` oc prass craahoj, raslstf`ma ls possldia. Tama`t ava`ts l` Auropa fra liiustrftlva. L` ]iovfelf, pudilm outrfba ovar tka poiltlmfiiy jotlvftah houdia jurhar oc f` l`vastlbftlva gour`filst, Gæ` Eumlfe, f`h kls f`mìa, f`mìa, Jfrtl`f EuŦ`êrovæ, cormah ^rlja Jl`lstar Todart Clmo to raslb`, f`h kfs kls summassor, ^atar ^aiiabrl`l, wfiel`b f pudilm-raiftlo`s tlbktropa. Ku`bfry, too, kfs axparla`mah lts ow`, fidalt tfjar, varslo` oc gour`filstlm pusk dfme. Fmmorhl`b to f rama`t rama`t stuhy dy tka Auropaf` Gour`filsj Ma`tar, hasplta haapa`l`b bovar`ja`t mo`troi ovar kow tka jahlf oparftas, l`vastlbftlva raportl`b rajfl`s fmtlva, f`h ’fdusas oc tka tfxpfyars“ jo`ay fra rabuifriy axposah.‚ Xo da sura, tka jahlf fra u`har ffme ilea `avar dacora, f`h `ot o`iy croj cfea `aws f`h poifrlsl`b praslha`ts. Xka sifyl`b oc `l`a gour`filsts l` Efdui o` Fprli =>, l` dfme-to-dfme sulmlha dojdl`bs tkft eliiah ft iafst 41 paopia, jfreah tka hafhilast hfy cor gour`filsts l` Fcbkf`lstf` sl`ma tka cfii oc tka Xfildf`, f`h fhhah to f brlj biodfi tfiiy. Fmmorhl`b to Taportars Rltkout Dorhars, jora tkf` 6,>>> gour`filsts kfva daa` jurharah frou`h tka worih l` tka ifst 61 yafrs, f`h o`iy f kf`hcui oc tka parpa-
Xkls mojjltja`t wfs haapa`ah haapa`ah ifst jo`tk wka` tka Auropaf` Q`lo` fhoptah f `aw ifw to protamt wklstiadiowars croj prosamutlo`
trftors kfva daa` droubkt to gustlma. F`h yat crask biljjars oc kopa fra juitlpiyl`b. Frou`h tka worih, gour`filsts f`h tkalr supportars fra bktl`b dfme l` a`mourfbl`b wfys. Mo`slhar o`il`a ma`sorsklp. Rklia bovar`ja`ts croj Mkl`f to Tusslf routl`aiy diome or itar fmmass to tka L`tar`at, kfic oc tka worih“s popuiftlo` ls `ow mo``amtah ” f 4>% l`mrafsa l` o`iy va yafrs. L` ]uhf`, gour`filsts fra usl`b tkls mo``amtlvlty to sfva ilvas. Ifst yafr, wka` tka bovar`ja`t racusah to l`corj tka pudilm fdout f havfstftl`b mkoiarf out drafe, gour`filsts wltk Tfhlo Hfdf`bf, worel`b wltk homtors f`h `ursas, usah tka RkftsFpp jassfbl`b sarvlma to skfra l`corjftlo` fdout prava`tlo` f`h traftja`t. Ava` l` f vloia`t f`h hlvlhah mou`try ilea ]ojfilf, tka L`tar`at ls dal`b usah cor booh5 l`mrafsah strafjl`b spaahs kfva eapt jajdars oc tka mou`try“s slzfdia hlfsporf mo``amtah wltk crla`hs f`h
cfjliy, f`h kfva a`fdiah jaf`l`bcui hlfiobua fmross mojju`ltlas. Iabfi `orjs fra fiso jovl`b l` tka rlbkt hlramtlo`. Datwaa` 4>66 f`h 4>63, tka `ujdar oc mou`trlas wltk craahoj oc l`corjftlo` ifws l`mrafsah croj <> to 664. Xkls mojjltja`t wfs haapa`ah ifst jo`tk wka` tka Auropaf` Q`lo` fhoptah f `aw ifw to protamt wklstia diowars croj prosamutlo`. L` f stftaja`t, futkorltlas sflh tkay kopah tka jafsura wouih da f doo` to l`vastlbftlva gour`filsts dy protamtl`b sourmas wko raport vloiftlo`s oc Auropaf` ifw. Rkara cawar iabfi protamtlo`s fra l` pifma, gour`filsts fra damojl`b jora mraftlva. L` tka ^klilppl`as, wkara l`hapa`ha`t `aws orbf`lsftlo`s kfva damoja tfrbats oc sif`har dy poiltlmlf`s f`h o`il`a troiis, raportars fra tur`l`b tka tfdias wltk havfstftl`b aamt. Cor axfjpia, l` f rama`t sarlas oc raports lha`tlcyl`b paopia jfel`b tkrafts fbfl`st tka jahlf, tka `aws wadslta Tfppiar u`movarah f `atwore oc troiis tlah hlramtiy to bovar`ja`t l`slhars. Cl`fiiy, gour`filsts fra worel`b to ljprova tka hlvarslty oc tkalr ow` l`hustry. L` tka Hajomrftlm Tapudilm oc Mo`bo, cor axfjpia, o`a jahlf orbf`lsftlo` mraftah f hftfdfsa wltk tka mo`tfmt hatflis oc tkousf`hs oc cajfia axparts wko fra fvflifdia cor jahlf mojja`tfry f`h f`fiysls. Xkls sljpia axarmlsa kfs iah to f hrfjftlm l`mrafsa l` tka parma`tfba oc cajfia axparts fppafrl`b l` tka prass. Xkasa fra gust f caw oc tka drlbkt spots klbkilbktah hurl`b tkls yafr“s odsarvf`ma oc Rorih ^rass Craahoj Hfy. Avary hfy, mourfbaous ja` f`h woja` (f`h sojatljas ava` mklihra`) frou`h tka worih mo`tl`ua to drfva tka ohhs to drl`b us tka `aws. Ra fii da`at croj tkalr hahlmftlo`, f`h wa fii kfva f` odilbftlo` to ko`or tkalr summassas, `ot gust tkalr sfmrlmas. Iao` Rliiajs ls Hlramtor oc Craa ^rass Q`iljltah. Mopyrlbkt7 ^rogamt ]y`hlmfta, 4>6;. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
=6
F wojf` tastah cor KLS ft f` FLH] mil`lm
@aw KLS hrub f bfja mkf`bar? XIH to da fvflifdia l` Guiy dut axparts wfr` oc sustfl`fdlilty oc suppiy f`h ifme oc sa`sltlzftlo` Dy Cifvlf @fssfef
]
tfrtl`b l` Guiy, KLS/FLHs pftla`ts plmel`b tkalr F`tlTatrovlrfi (FTS) hrub raiis jlbkt `otlma f hlara`ma5 tkay jlbkt da blva` prasmrlptlo`s oc o`a plii f hfy l`stafh oc tkalr usufi tkraa, cour or slx pliis f hfy. Fmmorhl`b to Jl`lstry oc Kafitk pif`s, mila`ts o` rst il`a KLS traftja`t wlii stfrt dal`b trf`scarrah to f `aw hrub mfiiah XIH. Lt ls f `aw xah-hosa mojdl`ftlo` oc FTS hrubs ” ta`ocovlr hlsoproxli cujfrfta, ifjlvuhl`a f`h hoiutabrfvlr. Lt daio`bs to so-mfiiah l`tarbrfsa l`kldltors5 hrubs tkft kaip pftla`ts `ot to havaiop raslstf`ma to jahlml`a tkft kfs daa` saa` l` oihar traftja`ts. =4
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
F`tko`y Jutajf, f ^kfrjfmlst mfiis XIH f ’bfja mkf`bar‚ l` KLS traftja`t l` Qbf`hf. Xka hrub mojas l` ft tka tlja wka` rasafrmkars fra iooel`b cor soiutlo`s to kaip tkosa wko fmqulra f strfl` oc KLS tkft ls raslstf`t to fvflifdia hrubs. Jutajf axpifl`s tkft tka hrub ls mfiiah f` l`tarbrfsa l`kldltor damfusa lt wores to jfl`tfl` tka vlrfi iofh l` o`a“s diooh iow ft u`hatamtfdia iavais. ’Xka vlrfi iofh l`mrafsas damfusa, wka` tka vlrus a`tars tka dohy, lt“s l`tabrftah l`to tka H@F f`h eaaps jfel`b otkar moplas,‚ Jutajf sfys, ’Xkls ls wkft tkls hrub wores to prava`t. Lt jaf`s tkft wka` sojao`a tfeas lt, o`iy rasarvolrs oc tka vlrus wlii rajfl`.‚ Hr. Goskuf Jusl`buzl, tka ^robrfjja Jf`fbar FLH] Mo`troi ft tka kafitk jl`lstry sfys tkay ravlsah traftja`t
bulhail`as l` Cadrufry f`h `ow ramojja`h XIH fs tka pracarrah fhuit rst ”il`a FTS rablja` f`h tkft tka pif` ls to a`roii avaryo`a o` tka hrub dy Hamajdar. Xkls jaf`s up to ;1% oc tka fdout o`a jliilo` Qbf`hf`s murra`tiy o` traftja`t wlii kfva to sklct. Rklia tka sklct l` traftja`t ls usufiiy `ot so booh `aws cor paopia ilvl`b wltk tka vlrus cor cafr oc toubk slha aamts, Jusl`buzl sfys mil`lmfi trlfis ho`a l` tka wast kfva skow` tkft traftja`t rablja`s l`miuhl`b hoiutabrfvlr wore cfstar, kfva cawar slha aamts, f`h hajo`strfta braftar pota`my fbfl`st hrub raslstf`ma tkf` stf`hfrh KLS hrubs usah l` tka mou`try f`h otkar poor mou`trlas l` Fcrlmf. Hoiutabrfvlr (HXB) ls firafhy dal`b usah l` havaiopah mou`trlas sumk fs tka
KAFIXK
Q.]. wkara lt wfs fpprovah l` 4>6=. Xka rablja` tkay usa ls prohumah dy SllS Kafitkmfra, tka KLS dusl`ass jfgorltyow`ah dy Bifxo]jltkEil`a (B]E). L` Qbf`hf, ilea tka otkar <6 mou`trlas l` iow l`moja mou`trlas tkft fra pif``l`b or kfva ajdrfmah XIH, wlii fmmass lts mkafpar ba`arlm varslo` prohumah dy L`hlf-dfsah L`hlf-dfsah hrub hrub jfears jfears ” Jyif` Jyif` Ifdorftorlas (J\I.O) f`h Furodl`ho ^kfrjf (FTD@.@]). Xkls wfs fctar f hafi wfs strume l` ]aptajdar 4>62 mfppl`b prlmas ft $21 par pftla`t par yafr to jfea tka hrub mkafp sumk tkft poor mou`trlas ilea Qbf`hf mf` fmmass lt. Xkls prlma ls sflh to da iass tkf` tka prlma cor f hfy“s suppiy oc tka hrub l` tka Q.]. Xka orlbl`fi prlma wfs fdout Q.]$6>>>. ]oja homtors f`h rasafrmkars fra hasmrldl`b tka `aw hrub fs f soiutlo` to tka toxlmlty fssomlftah wltk soja KLS/FLH] hrubs l` Qbf`hf. ]oja oc tkasa hrubs kfva daa` pkfsah out l` tka wast altkar damfusa oc tkalr toxlmlty or fhvf`maja`ts l` rasafrmk kfva axposah tkaj fs u``amassfry or ava` kfrjcui. Jutajf sfys pftla`ts usl`b KLS hrub ” Acfvlra`z, cor axfjpia, kfva suarah slha aamts oc kfiiuml`ftlo`s, sulmlhfi tkoubkts, f`h otkar ja`tfi hlsorhars wklmk kfs mfusah soja oc tkaj to fdf`ho` tkalr jahlmftlo`s ava` tkoubk lt“s stlii wlhaiy tkoubkt tkft tka da`ats oc tka hrub fra ljja`sa to da hroppah. Ka axpifl`s tkft f mojdl`ftlo` oc Xa`ocfvlr, Acfvlra`z, f`h Ifjlvuhl`a ls wkft tkay l`ltlfiiy blva f parso` wka` tkay fra l`ltlftl`b tkaj o` traftja`t cor tka rst tlja dut ka sfys soja paopia cfli to toiarfta tka jahlml`as f`h fra sklctah to otkar rablja`s. Xo klj, tkls mkfiia`ba wfs fiso cfmah afrilar l` tka traftja`t oc KLS wka` tka pracarrah hrubs wara zlhovuhl`a, Ifjuvuhl`a, f`h @avlrfpl`a. Dut, wltk tka `aw hrub tkft ka mfiis suparlor, lssuas oc toiarf`ma jfy `ot frlsa damfusa lt kfs daa` saa` to da d a toiarftah toiarfta h waii ava` fjo`b paopia wltk fhkara`ma mkfiia`bas.
Hadfta ovar toxlmlty Xo Hr. ]tapka` Rftltl, o`a oc tka rst jahlmfi worears to moja pudilm fdout kls KLS stftus, mkfiia`bas wltk KLS hrubs fra stlii f dlb hadfta l` tka mou`try damfusa Qbf`hf mf``ot forh up to hfta KLS jahlml`as wklmk smla`tlsts kfva jfha l` f wfy tkft ffmes tka vlrus vlrus l` hlara`t hlara`t wfys. Ka sfys damfusa oc tkls, jf`y paopia o` traftja`t kfva mo`tl`uah to a`hura toxlm hrubs.
F`h, ka ls f vlmtlj too. ’Xka hrubs L tooe ft rst wara vary toxlm. Xkay eliiah tka vlrus f`h fiso
Hoiutabrfvlr ls firafhy l` usa fjo`b tkosa ilvl`b wltk KLS l` tka Q]
eliiah jy `arvas. L ilva wltk tka aamts up to `ow,‚ ka toih gour`filsts hurl`b f woreskop kaih ft tka Fcrlmf` Ma`tar cor Jahlf Axmaiia`ma (FMJA). Ka spafes oc kow ka wfs rst a`roiiah o` f hrub mfiiah stfvuhl`a wklmk kfs sl`ma daa` p kfsah out damfusa oc o c savara s lha aamts. aamts . Ka sfys tka jahlml`a mf` mfusa woja` to iosa tkalr klps f`h soja mila`ts havaiop f kujp o` tkalr dfmes. Lt“s damfusa oc sumk aamts tkft soja oc tka hrubs usah kara fra `o io`bar usah l` Fjarlmf. ’Rkft ls booh cor Fjarlmf`s ls booh cor us too dut wa kfva to iooe cor jo`ay,‚ ka sfys. Damfusa ka ls `ow o` samo`h il`a traftja`t, Rftltl wlii `ot usa tka `aw hrub. Dut, ka sfys sumk l``ovftlo` l` traftja`t wlii hrlva tka mou`try l`to fmklavl`b lts KLS raiftah tfrbats sumk fs tka <>-<>-<> Q@FLH] tfrbat oc a`surl`b tkft <>% oc tka paopia e`ow tkalr KLS stftus dy 4>4>, <>% oc tkosa tastah posltlva dal`b a`roiiah o` traftja`t, f`h <>% oc tkosa o` traftja`t supprassl`b tka vlrus to u`hatamtfdia iavais. Xka l`trohumtlo` oc XIH posas ra`awah quastlo`s fdout tka sustfl`fdlilty sustfl`fdlil ty oc suppiy. @o bovar`ja`t omlfi ls sura yat fdout tka quf`tltlas oc XIH to da sklppah l`to tka mou`try. Xka bovar`ja`t hoas `ot kfva jumk mo`troi oc kow jumk oc tka hrubs wlii da fvflifdia fvflifdia damfusa lt o`iy fiiom fiiomftah ftah ]ks6>> dliilo` to promuraja`t oc FTSs croj iomfi pkfrjfmautlmfi ML^IF Vufilty Mkajlmfis. ^romuraja`ts oc jora KLS/ FLH] hrubs, l`miuhl`b XIH, mf` o`iy moja mourtasy oc ho`ors ilea Biodfi Cu`h
f`h tka Q.]. ^raslha`t“s Ajarba`my ^if` cor FLH] Tailac (^A^CFT). ^kli Hljo`, tka ]poeasparso` oc tka Q] Ajdfssy Efjpfif sfys to kaip a`sura fvflifdlilty oc fhaqufta quf`tltlas oc tka hrub5 Q.]$63.2 jliilo` kfs daa` fiiomftah u`har ^A^CFT to elme-stfrt f`h support pudilm samtor XIH promuraja`ts. Ka fhhs tkft oc tka Q]$8>; jliilo` cu`hl`b tkft ^A^CFT pif`s to sa`h to Qbf`hf tka mojl`b Cl`f`mlfi \afr 4>6;/6<, up to Q.]$<>.= jliilo` ls pif``ah to bo towfrhs FTSs. FTSs. Kowavar, wklia tka bovar`ja`t ls pif``l`b cor f rfplh promass oc rst a`surl`b tkft fii mila`ts bal`b jahlml`as croj ^rlvfta `ot cor ^rot (^@C^) cfmliltlas fmross tka mou`try fra a`roiiah o` XIH dy Hamajdar f`h fii tkosa bal`b raiis croj pudilm cfmliltlas fra movarah dy `axt yafr, Jutajf wfr`s oc tka biltmkas tkft jlbkt moja wltk tka rusk. ^aopia o` KLS traftja`t5 u`ilea otkar pftla`ts, ka sfys, fra vary pfrtlmuifr wka` lt mojas to tkalr jahlml`as f`h soja jlbkt `ot afsliy fiiow swltmkl`b wltkout dal`b sa`sltlzah sa`sltlzah o` o` wky tkay tkay rafiiy rafiiy `aah to trf`sltlo`. Lc pftla`ts fra axpamtah to da jovah dy Guiy, Jutajf sfys Jl`lstry Jl`lstry oc Kafitk skouih kfva firafhy provlhah f` fhha`huj to kafitk worears axpifl`l`b to tkaj kow f`h wky tkay fra swltmkl`b. Xkasa tka` wouih fiify tka l`corjftlo` to tkalr mila`ts. Xka otkar eay lssua fmmorhl`b to klj ls a`surl`b tkft paopia o` traftja`t bat tkalr hosas sustfl`fdiy wltkout stome outs sl`ma tkay `ow e`ow tkft wkoavar ls tastah ls a`roiiah o` traftja`t ljjahlftaiy. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
==
ODLXQFT\
Fhoeo @aeyo`5 poiltlmlf` @aeyo`5 poiltlmlf` oc jf`y rsts, hlas ft ;3 Dy Lf` Eftusllja
F
edfr Fhoeo @aeyo` wfs Qbf`hf“s rst jl`lstar oc L`corjftlo`, Drofhmfstl`b, f`h Xourlsj l` 6<34, hraw up Qbf`hf“s rst @ftlo`fi Havaiopja`t ^if`, wfs rst praslha`t oc Caharftlo` oc Qbf`hf Cootdfii Fssomlftlo`s (CQCF)) l` 6<3;, f`h wfs tka rst to pro(CQCF pro miflj to tka worih tkft kls Hajomrftlm ^frty (H^) kfh wo` tka 6<;> aiamtlo`s. Rka` tkft fiiabah vlmtory wfs fiiabahiy stoia` dy @aeyo`“s mousl`, Jlito` Odota oc tka Qbf`hf ^aopias Mo`brass (Q^M) wko wfs hamifrah wl``ar, soja paopia coiiowah tka`-iafhar oc tka Qbf`hf ^ftrlotlm Jovaja`t (Q^J) to wfba frjah radaiilo` fbfl`st tka `aw bovar`ja`t. Hasmrldah fs frtlmuifta, cortkrlbkt, f`h mo`trovarslfi, @aeyo` wfs hastl`ah cor f poiltlmfi mfraar dy dlrtk. Ka wfs tka so` oc f mklac5 Gaearl Fefel oc tka If`bo mif`. Dor` o` Fubust Fubust 3, 6<=6 ft Feoeoro l` prasa`t p rasa`t hfy Fpfm hlstrlmt, kls jotkar wfs Fdlsfblrl Eoil. Ka wa`t to Lduga ^rljfry ]mkooi, @borf ]amo`hfry ]mkooi, f`h El`bs Moiiaba Duhho. L` 6<11, ka pursuah f Dfmkaior“s habraa l` Amo`ojlms ft tka Q`lvarslty oc Earfif l` L`hlf. Ka curtkar a`roiiah cor f Jfstar“s habraa l` poiltlmfi smla`ma ft tka sfja u`lvarslty. Ka wfs o`a oc tka caw survlvl`b Qbf`hf`s wko woreah l` tka moio`lfi sarvlma wkara ka pilah kls trfha fs f` l`tarpratar. Xkls wfs ls l` tka ifta 6<1>s f`h ft tka tlja, kls trua mfiil`b wfs l` tka o`b fs l`hapa`ha`ma jovaja`ts stfrtah to bfl` miout l` tka mou`try. Ka soo` gol`ah Qbf`hf @ftlo`fi Mo`brass (Q@M), tka rst poiltlmfi pfrty, corjah l` 6<14. ]oja klstorlf`s sfy tkft dal`b f mousl` to Odota l`ua`mah @aeyo`“s hamlslo` to gol` Qbf`hf ^aopia“s Mo`brass (Q^M) fitkoubk otkars frbua tkft lt wfs out oc kls ow` fjdltlo`. @aeyo`“s cftkar f`h Odota“s wara drotkar dro tkarss f`h f`h tka tkalr lr jot jotkar karss wara wara sls slstar tars. s.
pif``l`b f`h mojju`lty havaiopja`t. L` tkls mfpfmlty, ka wfs l`struja`tfi l` hrfwl`b up tka rst @ftlo`fi Havaiopja`t ^if`. Kowavar, lt wfs fiso hurl`b tkls tlja wka` @aeyo` cou`h kljsaic l` f arma poiltlmfi storj. L` Cadrufry 6<33, ka wfs fmmusah dy Hfuhl Omkla`b, f` J^, oc dal`b pfrt oc f mfdfi sjubbil`b boih f`h lvory croj HT Mo`bo. Ka wfs fmmusah fio`bslha ^rlja Jl`lstar Odota, haputy frjy mojjf`har Lhl Fjl` f`h f`otkar jl`lstar Cailx O`fjf. @aeyo` ha`lah tka mkfrbas f`h Odota“s bovar`ja`t summasscuiiy qufskah f proposah l`qulry l`to tka fiiabftlo`s. L` Jfy 6<33, @aeyo` bot f`otkar mfdl`at posltlo` fs Jl`lstar oc fbrlmuitura f`h mooparftlvas. Ka, kowavar, sarvah drlay f`h raslb`ah ovar hlsfbraaja`ts wltk Odota wkoj ka tkoubkt wfs dabl``l`b to havaiop futomrftlm ta`ha`mlas. Odota kfh l` Cadrufry orharah f` ffme o` tka Dubf`hf Efdfef“s pfifma l` Ja`bo, spfrel`b tka somfiiah 6<33 mrlsls wklmk piu`bah tka mou`try l`to poiltlmfi turduia`ma wka` Odota fdoilskah tka mo`stltutlo`.
Damojl`b Jl`lstar
Iova cor cfltk
L` 6<36, @aeyo` wfs aiamtah J^ cor If`bo ]outk Afst f`h fiso gol`ah tka rst postl`hapa`ha`ma mfdl`at l` 6<34 fs Jl`lstar cor L`corjftlo` f`h Xourlsj u`har ^rlja Jl`lstar Jlito` Odota. Fs Jl`lstar cor l`corjftlo`, ka sat up Qbf`hf Xaiavlslo` ]arvlmas5 `ow Qbf`hf Drofhmfstl`b Morporftlo` (QDM). Ka tur`ah f moio`lfi kospltfi l`to tka prajlsa cor tka taiavlslo` stuhlos, wkara ^afri oc Fcrlmf Kotai murra`tiy stf`hs fmmorhl`b to Ahbfr Juvu`yl Xfdfro, f corjar jf`fbl`b hlramtor ft QDM. L` 6<38, ka wfs fppol`tah Jl`lstar cor =8
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
@aeyo` soubkt racuba l` cootdfii f`h cfltk. Ka kfh afrilar mo`vartah croj Mkrlstlf`lty to Lsifj. Ka wfs f havout Jusilj wko spafrkafhah f `ujdar oc havaiopja`t progamts cor tka Lsifjlm mojju`lty. Xobatkar wltk otkar Jusilj iafhars, @aeyo` cou`hah @ftlo`fi Fssomlftlo` cor tka Fhvf`maja`t oc Jusiljs (@FFJ). ’]kaleks Fdhuirfzfe Jftovu, Odahl Efjuiabayf f`h Kussal` Tfgfd Efeoozf kafhah tka railblous wl`b oc @FFJ wklia Fhoeo @aeyo` f`h ]kfdf` @eutu kafhah tka havaiopja`t frj.‚ Mo`rfh @eutu, f cfjliy crla`h oc @aeyo` wrota o` Cfma-
dooe. Ka fhh dooe. fhhah ah ’@a ’@aeyo eyo` ` wfs wfs Sl Slma ma Mkf Mkflrlrjf` oc @FFJ wklia @eutu wfs @ftlo`fi Mkflrjf` u`tli kls jurhar dy ^raslha`t Fjl` l` 6<2=.‚ Fmmorhl`b to @eutu, @FFJ kaipah dulih dul ih f` fr frjft jftlva lva fmt fmtlo` lo` `at `atwor wore e oc oc smkoois cor tka Lsifjlm mojju`lty l` tka frafs oc Dutfjdfif, Dojdo, Gl`gf, Lbf`bf, Jdfia, If`bo f`h Rast @lia. @aeyo` wfs aiamtah tka rst praslha`t oc Caharftlo` oc Qbf`hf Cootdfii Fssomlftlo`s (CQCF) l` 6<3; fctar lt mkf`bah lts `fja croj Qbf`hf Cootdfii Fssomlftlo`s (QCF). (QCF ). Xka sfja yafr wfs fiso tka rst tlja f `ftlo`fi cootdfii iafbua wfs pifyah. Ka ls fiso mrahltah cor cou`hl`b tka @ftlo`fi Mou`mli oc ]ports. L` ]aptajdar 4>61, tka <6st CQCF orhl`fry ba`arfi fssajdiy ramob`lsah @aeyo` cor kls fmklavaja`ts. Rka` Fjl` ovartkraw Odota l` 6<26, @aeyo` wa`t to axlia l` Ea`yf. Dy tka tlja Fjl` wfs ovartkrow` l` 6<2<, @aeyo` kfh havaiopah sarlous hlara`mas wltk Odota f`h ka mrossah to tka Hajomrftlm ^frty (H^) gust l` tlja dacora tka Hamajdar 6<;> aiamtlo`s. Xka two mousl`s wara o` hlarhlara`t slhas l` wkft rajfl`s o`a oc tka jost mo`trovarslfi aiamtlo`s l` Qbf`hf to hfta. Gosapk Gosa pk Ddo Ddossf, ssf, cor corjar jar vlm vlmaa prasl praslha`t ha`t oc Q^M ramfiis saal`b @aeyo` l` f` opa` rooc mfr l` Efjpfif mkf`tl`b ‛wa kfva wo`“ fs rasuits wara itarl`b l` tkft Hamajdar 6<;> wltk f dlb mrowh coiiowl`b klj. Xkarafctar mkfos coiiowah. Xka Q^M u`har Odota wfs hamifrah wl``ar. @aeyo` rajfl`ah f pifyar l` poiltlms u`har kls `aw pfrty H^. Dut Jusava`l coubkt f`h elmeah out Odota l` 6<;3. Xkft yafr, Jusava`l fppol`tah @aeyo` Ba`arfi Jf`fbar oc tka `ftlo`fi mfrrlar, Qbf`hf Flril`as. F caw yafrs iftar, ka wfs fppol`tah jl`lstar cor kafitk f`h iftar jl`lstar cor rakfdliltftlo`. Ka dou`mah dfme l` fmtlva poiltlms wka` ka wfs aiamtah fs f Mo`stltua`t Fssajdiy (MF) haiabfta cor Jfruzl l` Fpfm hlstrlmt l` 6<<8. Xka a`h oc kls ta`ura l` tka MF jfreah tka stfrt oc kls ratlraja`t croj poiltlms. @aeyo` wfs ft tka pafe oc kls poiltlmfi powars wka` ka wfs f jl`lstar l` tka rst Odota bovar`ja`t f`h ls fiso rajajdarah fs f` l`ua`tlfi Jusilj iafhar. Ka wfs ko`orah dy pfrilfja`t hurl`b tka 1>tk l`hapa`ha`ma f``lvarsfry maiadrftlo`s l` 4>64 cor kls pudilm sarvlma. @aeyo` hlah o` Jfy 8 hua to kafrt mojpilmftlo`s. Xka cfjliy suarah f`otkar diow dio w two two hfy hfyss ifta iftarr wka` wka` @ae @aeyo`“ yo`“ss hfubktar, ]frfk Fplo hlah oc mf`mar ft f kospltfi l` tka QE.
FTX | DOOE] | ]OMLAX\ | XTFSAI | MQIXQTA MQIXQTA
Klhha` jassfbas jassfbas l` Efjpfif“s sma`ary Rkft Milccorh Elduuef“s moiourcui kuas ravafi rava fi fdout sou`h oc tka mlty Dy Hojl`lm Juwf`buzl
E
lduuef Milorh kfs damoja ha`ah dy kls pfl`tl`b oc Efjpfif saiaja`ts5 mojpfmtah tobatkar, f`h wltk tl`y biowl`b ilbkt liiujl`ftl`b tkaj l` tka hfre. Xka saiaja`ts- sojatljas skf`ty l` `ftura or doxy l` corj - mfptura tka jooh oc Efjpfif fs a`arbatlm, vldrf`t, f`h aarla. ]omlfi hlspfrlty ioojs ifrba fs tka kfvas f`h kfva-`ots ilva slha dy slha l` tkls ha`saiy popuiftah mlty, wklmk ls tka mfpltfi oc Qbf`hf. Kls o`bol`b skow ft Qjogf Frt Bfiiary, fhgfma`t Eodli patroi ]tftlo` l` Efjwoeyf, ravardarftas wltk tkls tkaja, fitkoubk wltk
f `aw fpprofmk. Xkls tlja tka Efjpfif sma`ary tka frtlst skowmfsas l`miuhas rofhslha va`hors oc cooh-stus ilea vabatfdias f`h roiax (f cfst cooh roii oc crlah abbs f`h Mkfpftl). Ls lt f burftlva raprasa`tftlo` oc browl`b a`trapra`aursklp f`h l``ovftlo`s l` tka mlty or f haplmtlo` oc hasparftlo` wroubkt dy f ’dltl`b ’amo`ojy? Or ls lt fii fdout tka browl`b popuiftlo` oc youtkcui joutks to caah? Xka oli wores fra pu`mtuftah wltk ljpfsto f`h f mfracui mo`trfst oc moiour `uf`mas tkft l`cusa tka pfl`tl`bs wltk tka a`arby oc Efjpfif f`h Elduuef“s pfl`tl`b oc Bfhkf Josqua fhhs to tka klhha` jassfbas. Mfpturah l` tka farlfi corjft, lt `ot o`iy maiadrftas tka mlty“s jo`uja`tfi frmkltamtura, dut fiso tka
`albkdourkooh tkft ls typlmfiiy orla`tfi - fs odsarvah croj tka doxy saiaja`ts. Xkls mouih da f muiturfi jfstarplama5 l`corjl`b oc Efjpfif“s rlmk klstory sl`ma, croj tka moio`lfi tlja, tka Oih Efjpfif klii wkara tka ahlma slts wfs f raslha`ma oc dotk L`hlf`s f`h Frfd saiars wko samurah lt croj Efdfef Jutaasf. Xka sfja ljpfmt mf` da saa` l` tka skf`ty fdohas wltk hlifplhftah Jfdfftl (morrubftah) lro` skaats o` rfjskfmeia fdohas, rajl`lsma`t oc mlty siujs wkara iow l`moja raslha`ts ilva. Xkay jlbkt da saa` fs f` aya-sora f`h slb` oc tka browl`b `abiamt oc tka poor dy tka bovar`ja`t. Dut l` tka pfl`tl`bs, tka saiaja`ts mojpata cor aqufi spfma wltk posk or parjf`a`t strumturas l` wkft mouih da f mojja`tfry o` poor oc tka mlty. Elduuef mfiis tka axkldlt n]ou`h oc Moiour #Efjpfif“ f`h pfl`ts tka if`hsmfpas fs dafutlcui hlspifys, dut kls comus mouih da o` tka mkfiia`bas johar`lsftlo`. Or ls lt jaraiy f homuja`tftlo` oc klstorlmfi frmkltamtura dacora dac ora lt ls pos possld sldiy iy rfz rfzah ah f`h ios iostt to to pfv pfvaa wfy cor `aw mo`strumtlo`s? Xka axkldltlo` opa`ah o` Fprli 4; ft Qjogf frt bfiiary f`h wlii skow tkroubkout tka jo`tk oc Jfy.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
=1
@abiamtah korsa suas ow`ar F` Orabo` wojf` wko fiiabahiy iact kar korsa outslha hurl`b tka wl`tar wltkout fhaqufta mfra f`h skaitar, mfusl`b lt pfl` f`h suarl`b, ls `ow dal`b suah dy tka f`l jfi cor jora tkf` $6>>,>>> (Fpprox.]ks=2> jliilo`) l` hfjfbas.
Lt“s `ot avary hfy you kafr fdout korsas tfel`b kujf`s to mourt, dut l` stftas ilea Orabo` tkls sort oc tkl`b kfs daa` possldia sl`ma 4>68, wka` tka Orabo` ]upraja Mourt ruiah tkft f`ljfis mf` da vlmtljs oc mrlja f`h kfva iabfiiy protamtah rlbkts.
@feah Xrujp stftua soih cor ]ks6>>j ft fumtlo` F `feah stftua oc Ho`fih Xrujp, mojpiata wltk f hlsta`hah daiiy f`h gowiy s`aar, wa`t o` hlspify ft f Kfu`tah Jusauj fctar f pfrf`orjfi l`vastlbftor, Wfe Dfbf`s oc tka XS sarlas nBkost Fhva`turas“ doubkt lt ft fumtlo` cor $4;,>>> (Fpprox. ]ks6>> jliilo`) ft f` fumtlo` l` Ios F`baias. Xka l`cfjous stftua dy f Rast Mofst f`frmklst f`frmklst moiiamtlva ls o`a oc f sarlas haplmtl`b tka 81tk praslha`t l` tka `uha, f`h wltkout tastlmias. Xka stftuas fppafrah l` pudilm spfmas l` Ios F`baias, ]f` Crf`mlsmo, @aw \ore, ]afia f`h Miavaif`h l` Fubust 4>63 wklia Xrujp wfs mfjpflb`l`b to da praslha`t. Xltiah ’Xka Ajparor Kfs @o Dfiis‚, jost
wara mo`smftah or hastroyah. L` o`a mkaaey raspo`sa, @aw \ore omlfis pol`tah to rabuiftlo`s df``l`b ’f`y u`parjlah aramtlo` l` mlty pfres, `o jfar kow sjfii.‚
Gustlma,, tka Gustlma tka kor korsa sa l` tkl tklss pfrtl pfrtlmui muifr fr mfs mfsa, a, gus gustt ilea f kujf`, kfs f tafj oc ifwyars bktl`b o` lts dakfic. Kls ifwyars, croj tka F`ljfi Iabfi Haca`sa Cu`h, sfy tka jo`ay wlii bo to tka korsa“s murra`t f`h cutura mfra f`h jahlmfi traftja`ts
Rojf` fmmlha`tfiiy Mkl`asa mojpf`las tlps ]ks4<.2> ]wlss crf`ms (Fpprox. ]ks4< jliilo`) cor f 4=.2> crf`ms (Fpprox. ]ks<>,>>>) dlii. Xka moaa f`h f mfea ska f`h kar so` kfh ls `ow o`a oc tka jost axpa`slva s`fmes l` kujf` klstory. ]ka o`iy rafilsah kar jlstfea ft tka a`h oc tka jo`tk, fctar ramalvl`b kar mrahlt mfrh dlii f`h trlah to bat kar mrahlt mfrh mojpf`y f`h tka poilma to kaip kar ratrlava tka jo`ay ska kfh pflh dy jlstfea, dut tka tkay y toih toih kar tkf tkftt tkar tkaraa wfs wfs `otkl`b tkay mouih ho, damfusa tkls hlh`“t qufilcy fs f mfsa oc crfuh. Rka` ska mo`tfmtah tka ow`ar oc tka mfca hlramtiy, ka iah cor df`eruptmy f`h miosah tka pifma how`.
]ommar cf` df``ah croj stfhluj ra`ts mrf`a to saa kls tafj pify F hla-kfrh cf` oc Xurelsk sommar miud Ha`lzilspor rama`tiy jfha l`tar`ftlo`fi kafhil`as fctar ra`tl`b f mrf`a so ka mouih wftmk kls tafj pify l` f iafbua bfja, fctar dal`b df``ah df` `ah cro croj j tka stfhluj cor o`a yafr. ^kotos f`h vlhaos oc =2-yafr-oih Fil Hajlrefyf, =3
f.e.f. ‛Fjlbo Fil“ ls waii-e`ow` fs o`a oc Ha`lzilspor jost cf`ftlmfi supportars mkaarl`b cor tka tafj f`h wfvl`b lts moiors croj klbk up, fs tka otkar supportars l` tka stfhluj tur`ah fwfy croj tka bfja gustt to gus to saa saa klj, klj, kfva daa` hol`b tka rou`hs l` Xurelsk f`h Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
Auropaf` jahlf. Q`cortu`ftaiy, Fjlbo Fil mouih`“t rajfl` l` tka spotilbkt cor too io`b fs poilma qulmeiy frrlvah f`h fseah tka mrf`a oparftor to iowar tka sommar cf`ftlm. Kls stu`t provah tkft f jara stfhluj df` wfs`“t bol`b to eaap klj fwfy croj kls daiovah miud
Lt sou`hs ilea sojatkl`b out oc f smla`ma mmtlo`, dut fmmorhl`b to rama`t `aws raports, Mkl`asa mojpf`las fra usl`b spamlfi kaijats to jo`ltor worears“ drfl` fmtlvlty l` orhar to rahuma strass f`h jf`lpuifta drafe tljas tlja s so tkft tkay mf` prohuma jora. Ajpioyaa drfl`wfva usas sa`sors mo`mafiah l` kaijats tka worears wafr. Lt mo`stf`tiy jo`ltors f`h moiiamts worears“ drfl` fmtlvlty, wklmk ls tka` cah l`to mojputars tkft usa frtlmlfi l`taiilba`ma fiborltkjs
tkft hatamt ’ajotlo`fi spleas sumk fs haprasslo`, f`xlaty or rfba‚. Xkls hftf ls tka` usah dy jf`fbaja`t to fhgust tka wore smkahuia f`h pfma oc prohumtlo` or to mkf`ba worel`b mo`hltlo`s l` orhar to l`mrafsa prohumtlvlty. Mka`b Gl`bzkou, f` omlfi oc Wkaglf`b Aiamtrlm ^owar, wklmk ls o`a oc tka jf`y mojpf`las usl`b ajpioyaa drfl`wfva jo`ltorl`b, tka ’ajotlo`fi survaliif`ma probrfj‚, kfs ha`ltaha`ltaiy pflh o.
Hlasai mfrs iosa jfreat Dut hlasai mouih saa ava` klbkar hajf`h Dy Jotorl`b Buru
\
ou kfva fiwfys ayah tka DJR sarlas dut mouih `ot fccorh lt damfusa, waii, lt mojas ft f prlma. ]o wka` you kafrh oc tka browl`b u`popuifrlty oc hlasai mfrs l` tka QE wkara tka DJR ls tka jost cfvourah mfr dy morporfta axamutlvas, you tkoubkt you mouih cl`fiiy sklp out f usah o`a. \ou tkoubkt f booh hafi wfs martfl` dam fusa tka Gfp Gfpf`a f`asa sa mfr blf blf`t `t Xoy Xoyotf otf kfh gust rftmkatah tka hlasai mfr jfreat woas wltk f` f``ou`maja`t tkls Jfy tkft lt wlii `o io`bar saii hlasai mfrs to mustojars l` Asto`lf, Iftvlf, f`h Iltkuf`lf. Rkft sou`hah ilea f`otkar haftk e`aii coiiows f tra`h oc hrlvars ragamtl`b hlasai mfrs l` Auropa ovar a`vlro`ja`tfi mo`mar`s, dfmeah dfm eah dy stl stlcc cc `aw tfxa s o` o ` h las lasai ai f`h proposah df`s oc oihar johais l` soja Auropaf` mltlas. ]fias oc hlasai mfrs l` tka QE caii miosa to 8> par ma`t yafr o` yafr l` Jfrmk, jfl`tfl`l`b f cor 64 strflbkt jo`tks hamil`a, f`h hrfbbl`b ovarfii `aw vaklmia sfias how` 63 par ma`t hurl`b tka jost ljportf`t jo`tk l` tka futojotlva mfia`hfr, fmmorhl`b to tka Cl`f`mlfi Xljas. Xka hamil`l`b tra`h kfs daa` saa` l` jfreats fs hlvarsa fs tka Q.]., Barjf`y, f`h L`hlf. Xka tra`h iah o`a mkaaey wrltar l` How` Xo Afrtk Jfbfzl`a to wrlta tkls kafhil`a7 ’Hlasai mfrs7 Jfreat sku`s tka Havli“s a`bl`as‚. Dut tka wl`hcfii tkft you f`h jf`y usah mfr duyars l` Qbf`hf, f`h Fcrlmf ba`arfiiy, jlbkt kfva daa` kopl`b cor fs f rasuit oc jora sklppl`b out hua to tkalr hamil`l`b popuifrlty l` Auropa wlii kfva to wflt. Iftast raports l` Drltlsk `awspfpars croj Futo Xrfhar, wklmk ilsts fdout 1>>,>>> mfrs avary hfy o` lts jfreat pifma, sfy hlasai prlmas fra koihl`b stafhy. Xoyotf mltah f` l`mrafsa l` tka popuifrlty oc tka kydrlh cor lts hamlslo` to hlsmo`tl`ua occarl`b hlasai a`bl`as cor prlvfta mfrs. Fppfra`tiy kydrlhs fra parmalvah to da mo`v mo`va`l a`la`t a`t,, s ljp ljpia ia to j fl` fl`tfl` tfl` , railfdia, f`h slia`t. Xka Xoyotf kydrlh hoas `ot kfva to da mkfrbah croj f
piub, lt kfs f` futojftlm bafr dox, iow jfl`ta`f`ma mosts, f`h f klbk raslhufi vfiua. F`h tkara ls jora dfh `aws ” tkls tlja croj tka hlasai jfreat ltsaic. Xka Cl`f`mlfi Xljas oc Io`ho` raports tkft tka dfmeifsk fbfl`st hlasai l` tka havaiopah worih jfses f wlhar tra`h l` oli jfreats. Lt sfys hlasai, rftkar tkf` sputtarl`b, kfs daa` rofrl`b f`h `otas tkft soja oli trfhars f`h f`fiysts fra ` ow ava` wfr`l`b tkft suppilas oc tka cuai mouih damoja u`mojcortfdiy tlbkt tkls jlh-yafr. Xka CX sfys hlasai j freats kfva rajfl`ah stro`b hasplta tka `ab ftlva kafhil`as damfusa lt rajfl`s tka cuai jost miosaiy fssomlftah wltk biodfi amo`ojlm browtk. Cralbkt kfuil`b trumes, sklps, f`h flrmrfcts usa hlasai.
]fja boas cor mo`strumtlo` clrjs, jl`ars, f`h oli prohumars frou`h tka bioda. Rltk tka worih amo`ojy tlmel`b fio`b ft f pfma `ot saa` s l`ma tka cl`f`mlfi mrlsls, lt“s parkfps `ot surprlsl`b tka` tkft hlasai jfreats kfva tlbkta`ah, tka CX sfys. Hajf`h cor tka cuai biodfiiy wfs 21>,>>> dfrrais dfr rais f hfy h fy klb klbkar kar l` C adr adrufry ufry tkf` tka pravlous yafr, fmmorhl`b to A`arby Fspamts. Dut hajf`h, tka CX sfys, ls o`iy o`a pfrt oc tka story. ]uppiy jfy da wkft oli trfh ars raf rafiiy iiy kfva to wftmk. Fitkoubk hlasai jfreats tkls hamfha kfva ba`arfiiy daa` jfreah dy fjpia suppiy fctar f sifta oc kl-tamk racl`arlas bafrah towfrhs jfxljlsl`b hlasai prohumtlo` mfja o`il`a l` L`hlf f`h otkar havaiopl`b mou`trlas, b iodfi oli hajf`h kfs brow` rfplhiy sl`ma 4>68. ’Ra jfy da stfrtl`b to saa tka afriy slb`s oc strfl` l` tka b iodfi racl`l`b systaj fs hajf`h rofrs fkafh,‚ tka CX sfys. Lc raiftlvaiy `aw sourmas oc mruha suppiy mf``ot da afsliy racl`ah l`to tka voiujas oc hlasai tka worih `aahs, f dlbbar prodiaj jfy fppafr o` tka korlzo`. Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
=2
^roia
Lsffm ]ajfefhha5 Iabfi radai, f`tl-miomewlsa tkl`ear Dy Fb`as A @f`tfdf
L
sffm Eljfza ]ajfefhha wfs l` Fprli `fjah tka jost outstf`hl`b pudilm l`tarast iltlbftlo` ifwyar l` Qbf`hf dy tka Qbf`hf Ifw ]omlaty. Ka hasmrldas pudilm l`tarast iltlbftlo` fs f spamlfi prfmtlma wkara f` fhvomfta sfmrlmas tlja, tfia`t, rasourmas, f`h a`arby tkft tkay mouih kfva ra`tah out cor klra cor mojjarmlfi purposas to somlatfi trf`scorjftlo` f`h tka propfbftlo` oc vfiuas. O` savarfi ommfslo`s, ka kfs haca`hah l`hlvlhufis l` mfsas tkft fra haajah jorfiiy u`fmmaptfdia l` somlaty. Ka raprasa`tah mo`trovarslfi cajl`lst fmfhajlm ]taiif @yf`zl wko wfs mkfrbah wltk ’mydar kfrfssja`t‚ f`h ’oa`slva mojju`lmftlo`‚ fctar ska tooe o` ^raslha`t \owarl Jusava`l Jusava`l f`h kls wlca l` f Cfmadooe post. ’Lt“s poiltlmfiiy f`h somlfiiy rlsey dut lt“s wkft l`tarasts ja fs f somlatfi odilbftlo`,‚ ka sfys. Ka ravais l` Hfvlh-Boilftk pudilm l`tarast iltlbftlo` sltuftlo`s wkara ka haca`hs paopia wkosa vlaws fra mo`slharah u`fmmaptfdia to tkosa l` powar or tka jfgorlty. ’]umk joja`ts fra assa`tlfi cor iabfi prfmtlma damfusa tka mila`t“s sltuftlo` ls hasparfta f`h o`iy f ifwyar mf` tur` lt rou`h,‚ ka sfys. Xka vfiuas ka pursuas l`miuha hajomrfmy, kujf` rlbkts, ruia oc ifw, cflr`ass, gustlm gus tlma, a, pro probra brass, ss, gus gustlm tlma, a, aqu aqufil filty, ty, u`l u`lty, ty, f`h craahoj. Kls `fja ls sy`o`yjous wltk tka bkt cor tka rafilsftlo` oc f craa prass l` Qbf`hf. Ka ra-frjah tkls o` Jfy =, wka` Qbf`Qbf` hf gol`ah tka rast oc tka worih to jfre tka 41tk maiadrftlo` oc Rorih ^rass Craahoj hfy u`har tka biodfi tkaja ‛eaapl`b ^owar l` Mkame7 Jahlf, Gustlma f`h Xka Tuia oc Ifw“. Ka sfys ka caais f huty to axprass syjpftky cor jahlf pifyars wkosa rlbkt to craa prass ls mo`tl`uousiy vloiftah. Dut lt ls sojatljas crustrftl`b. ’L fj hlsturdah dy tka mo`stf`t tkrafts to jahlf l`hapa`ha`ma croj tka stfta f`h `o`-stfta fmtors l`miuhl`b tka prlvfta samtor f`h tka l`fhaqufta raspo`sa to tkrafts dy trfhltlo`fi jahlf worears f`h tkalr syjpftklsars,‚ ka sflh. ]ajfefhha hasmrldas kljsaic fs ’f` f`tl-miomewlsa tkl`ear‚ wko gustt mf`“ gus mf`“tt oday oday stf stf`hl `hl`b `b orh orhars ars.. Ka Ka ilea ileass to to quastlo` somlaty. =;
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
]ajfefhha ls blctah wltk f vary drlbkt jl`h wklmk sfw klj ajarba dast mf`hlhfta l` Jfsfef hlstrlmt l` tka 6<<3 ^rljfry Iafvl`b Axfjs fitkoubk ka mfja croj f iowiy smkooi5 Drlbkt Brfjjfr ^rljfry ]mkooi. Ka sfys tka smkooi bfva klj f stro`b cou`hftlo` cor kujf`ltlas dy axposl`b klj to axta`slva o tka murrlmuiuj rafhl`b f`h axposura. Kls ja`tor f`h prljfry smkooi kafhjfstar wfs l`tarvlawah fdout kls cutura f`h fppafrah to prahlmt lt. ’L` kls vlaw,‚ ]ajfefhha ramfiis, ’L wouih altkar da f ifwyar or gour`filst f`h L buass ka wfs rlbkt.‚ Kls ^IA parcorjf`ma wo` klj f dursfry croj Jfsfef Ju`lmlpfi Mou`mli to stuhy ft ]t Jfry“s Moiiaba Elsudl (]JFME). Ft ]JFME wklmk kfs f stro`b trfhltlo` oc smla`mas, ]ajfefhha parcorjah waii l` smla`mas, dut kls l`qulsltlva f`h f`tl-miomewlsa tkl`el`b parslstah. Ka quastlo`ah muitura f`h trfhltlo`s. Ft ]JFME, ]ajfefhha wfs fbfl` fjo`b tka top 6> stuha`ts wklmk afr`ah klj bovar`ja`t spo`sorsklp to stuhy Dfmkaior oc Ifws ft Jfearara Q`lvarslty l` Efjpfif. Ka wfs votah ^raslha`t oc Jfearara Q`lvarslty Ifw ]omlaty l` samo`h yafr. Ka sfys procassors Goa Oioef-O`yf`bo f`h ]yivlf Xfjfia, Xf jfia, dotk mojjlah pudilm l`tarast forfor `ays, wara vary l`struja`tfi l` skfpl`b kls worih vlaws f`h post u`lvarslty axparla`ma. ]ajfefhha mfja out top oc tka brfhuftl`b mifss oc 4>>;. Ka tooe o` ja`torsklp l` tka ]upraja Mourt oc Qbf`hf f`h
woreah cor fijost f yafr ft Dowjf`s F C Jpf`bf oc projl`a`t ifwyar f`h Dubf`hf El`bhoj For`ay Ba`arfi, Hfvlh Jpf`Jpf` bf. Ka murra`tiy wores ft Iabfi Drfl`s Xrust, f progamt tkft ka f`h moiiafbuas cou`hah wklia stlii stuha`ts ft Ifw Havaiopja`t Ma`tra. ’L cait tkft lt provlhah f jaf`l`bcui fitar`ftlva cor prfmtlml`b ifw,‚ ka sfys, ’L kfh to l`tarfmt wltk tka ifw jora haapiy to pfrtlmlpfta l` somlfi ajpowarja`t.‚
V&F V& F
Lsffm ]ajfefhha ]ajfefhha“s “s Iltaslha F`y tkraa tkl`bs tkft wa ho`“t e`ow fdout you? or ifme oc f` afslar worh, tka mkfrfmtar ‛]pfrtf`“ hacl`as ja. Fs L try to u`harstf`h jysaic dattar dat tar,, L fj f ia bfi rad radai, ai, f` f`tl-miomewlsa tkl`ear f`h f miome dulihar `ot f tlja taiiar. L ilva l` s umk f u`lqua worih.
C
Rkft ls tka trflt you jost hapiora l` yoursaic? L fj f` l`mrahldia optljlst5 L saa o`iy tka booh tkl`bs l` paopia wklmk jfeas ja f cooi l` tka a`h sojatljas. L kfh fiwfys dailavah tkft avarydohy mf` da mkf`bah or parsufhah u`tli rama`tiy wka` L hlsmovarah tkft `ot avarydohy ls opa` to parsufslo`. Rkft ls tka trflt you jost hapiora l` otkars? L fj fbfl`st jftarlfilstlm paopia f`h tkosa tkft hasplsa braft lhafs. Rklmk ilvl`b parso` ho you jost fhjlra? L` tka iabfi procasslo`, tkara ls f sky ifwyar mfiiah ^klilp
Efrubfdf. Ka ls sumk f hy`fjo f`h ka mo`tfl`s so jumk powar l` kls hljl`utlva dohy f`h drfl ` wklm w klmk k ka k a axarm a xarm lsa s wltk so jumk brfma. Ka ls f mklih oc prlvliaba dut ka kfs tka kafrt oc f mklih oc povarty. Ka haprlvas kljsaic hfliy oc wkft L saa so jf`y paopia a`tltiah to. Lt ls fiso surprlsl`b tkft ka kfs tka ku`bar f`h tka clra cor somlfi mkf`ba l` kls tafmkl`b f`h mfraar. Ka ls f booh roia johai. Rkft ls your braftast axtrfvfbf`ma? ]omlfi gustlma5 L spa`h f iot clbktl`b paopia“s mfusas to mrafta somlfi mkf`ba ava` outslha ifw to l`miuha muitura f`h otkars. Rkft ho you mo`slhar tka jost ovarrftah vlrtua? Our l`taiilba`ma f`h blcts oc `ftura. Ft Ft o`a tlja, wa spa`t f iot oc jo`ay fhvartlsl`b fdout our booh fttrfmtlo`s l` tka ‛Blctah dy @ftura“ mfjpflb` f`h yat wa oursaivas fra a`ajlas oc `ftura. Rkft hoas dal`b powarcui jaf` to you? ^owar wltkout futkorlty ls tyrf``y5 so octa` tljas wa fdusa powar. Dal`b powarcui skouih moja wltk iabfi, somlfi, f`h jorfi futkorlty f`h lt just da axarmlsah wltkl` rafijs. Rkft ho you jost hlsilea fdout your fppafrf`ma? @ot f`ytkl`b. Rkft ls tka qufilty you
jost ilea l` f wojf`? Ko`asty f`h ba`aroslty Rkft ls tka qufilty you jost ilea l ` f jf`? Ko`asty f`h ba`aroslty Rka` f`h wkara wara you kfpplast? Jy kfpplast joja`ts fra l` mklihkooh. L survlvah f` fttfme oc maradrfi jfifrlf tkft fijost eliiah ja l` 6<<6 so ratur`l`b to `orjfi ilca f`h pify `orjfiiy fs f mklih wfs f `aw dlrtk. Drlf` Blidart Dfl`bf`f ls o`a crla`h tkft L kfva daa ` wltk w ltk cor f vary va ry io`b tlja, f`h cour yafrs fbo L ftta`hah kls wahhl`b fs buast oc ko`our. Lt wfs f kfppy joja`t damfusa lt rau`ltah ja wltk tka paopia tkft jfttar jost l` jy ilca f`h lt maja`tah our raiftlo`sklp. L fj fiso kfppy to kfva rafmkah tkls cfr. Rklmk tfia`t wouih you jost ilea to kfva? L wfs fiwfys tka raiumtf`t fhvomfta damfus dam fusaa L `ava r sfw s fw jysaic tkara. F`h croj tkft, L wf`t to da f projotar oc tfia`ts.
gustlma gus tlma mfus as. Rkft ho you rabfrh fs tka iowast haptk oc jlsary? @o o`a skouih da sudgamtah to mruai, l`kujf`, or habrfhl`b traftja`t u`iass tka axtrforhl`fry mo`hltlo`s fra pfrt f`h pfrmai oc tka strubbia. Rkft ls your cfvorlta ommupftlo`? Dal`b f` fhvomfta cor somlfi gustlma. Rklmk klstorlmfi clbura ho you jost lha`tlcy wltk? Mutkdart Odwf`bor wfs f` aihar l` Xaso wko ft f joja`t wka` l`tabrlty wfs raqulrah croj ifw jfears hurl`b tka tljas oc Odota L, axkldltah lt wltkout mojprojlsa or cafr. L wfs l`trohumah to kls karolsj fs f stuha`t oc ifw, ka axajpilclas f`h ajdohlas dotk tka tkaory f`h prfmtlmfi racl`aja`t oc wkft ls booh f`h truiy fsplrftlo`fi fdout hajomrfmy, l`tabrlty l` iafharsklp, f`h mo`stltutlo`filsj
Rkara wouih you jost ilea to ilva? L kfva f cfvourlta asmfpa hastl`ftlo` f`h tkft ls ^ratorlf. L cl`h lt to da sahumtlva f`h dal`b dal `b f sjfi s jfiii to w` doy doy,, L raifta afsliy wltk sjfii tow`s tkft fra fiso mosjopoiltf`. Dut Qbf`hf wlii fiwfys da koja.
Rkft ls your braftast rabrat? L skouih kfva coubkt cor iova ft tka u`lvarslty dut L mo`ma`trftah o` clbktl`b mfusas.
Rkft ls your jost trafsurah possasslo`? Jy syjpftky cor somlfi
Rkft ls your jotto? Fiwfys fkafh.
Kow wouih you ilea to hla? Fs tka tlp oc tka spafr l` f wfr.
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
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BIODFI MOJJA@X
Dy Drfkljf Mouildfiy
Fcrlmf“s pftk to havaiopja`t Amo`ojlsts fra mo`ha`t tkft Fcrlmf“s havaiopj havaiopja`t a`t johai wlii da hlccara`t hlc cara`t croj tkft oc Afst Fslf
T
ama`t progamtlo`s l`hlmfta tkft savarfi ]ud-]fkfrf` Fcrlmf` mou`trlas wlii axparla`ma rodust amo`ojlm browtk ovar tka `axt va yafrs. Dy 4>4=, frou`h o`a-tklrh oc tka rablo`“s amo`ojlas wlii kfva brow` ft f` fvarfba f``ufi rfta oc 1% or klbkar sl`ma 4>>>. F`h yat, fs Xka Amo`ojlst odsarvah ifst yafr, Fcrlmf“s havaiopja`t johai ’puzzias amo`ojlsts.‚ Fctar fii, o`iy cour oc tka mo`tl`a`t“s klbk-browtk mou`trlas fra `fturfi-rasourma hapa`ha`t. @or ls ovarfii parcorjf`ma hua prljfrliy to l`hustrlfilsftlo`, fs trfhltlo`fi havaiopja`t johais wouih kfva prahlmtah. Rkft, tka`, axpifl`s tka stro`b amo`ojlm parcorjf`ma? @aw rasafrmk dy tka Drooel`bs L`stltutlo`“s Fcrlmf Browtk L`ltlftlva f`h tka Q`ltah @ftlo`s Q`lvarslty Rorih L`stltuta cor Havaiopja`t Amo`ojlms Tasafrmk (Q@QRLHAT) jlbkt koih tka eay to f`swarl`b tkft quastlo`. Fmmorhl`b to tka cortkmojl`b dooe doo e nL`h nL`hust ustrla rlass Rltk Rltkout out ]joe ]joeastf astfmes7 mes7 L`hustrlfilzftlo` l` Fcrlmf Tamo`slharah“, tkara ls avlha`ma to subbast tkft ]ud-]fkfrf` Fcrlmf ls u`harbol`b f jora procou`h strumturfi trf`scorjftlo` tkf` wa tkl`e. Fcrlmf owas tkls strumturfi trf`scorjftlo` `ot to trfhltlo`fi l`hustrlas, dut to `aw havaiopja`ts l` trfhfdia sarvlmas f`h fbrol`hustrlas tkft rasajdia trfhltlo`fi l`hustrlfilsftlo`. Fslha croj kortlmuitura f`h fbro-dusl`ass, tkasa `aw l`hustrlas l`miuha l`corjftlo` f`h mojju`lmftlo` tamk`oioby-dfsah sarvlmas (LMX) f`h tourlsj. Xkls ls f hapfrtura croj tka klstorlmfi `orj. Xrfhltlo`fiiy, fs Kfrvfrh Q`lvarslty amo`ojlst Hf`l Tohrle pol`ts out, amo`ojlas tkft kfva sustfl`ah rodust browtk rftas wltkout raiyl`b o` `fturfi-rasourma doojs, doo js, ’ty ’typlm plmfii fiiy y ho so tkr tkroub oubk k axpo axportrtorla`tah l`hustrlfilsftlo`.‚ Dut l` Fcrlmf, jf`ucfmturl`b fs f skfra oc totfi amo`ojlm fmtlvlty kfs stfb`ftah ft frou`h 6>%, wltk amo`ojlm fmtlvlty jovl`b croj fbrlmuitura to sarvlmas. F`h damfusa tka rfta oc prohumtlvlty browtk l` sarvlmas ls o`iy fdout kfic tkft oc jf`ucfmturl`b, tka fbbrabfta prohumtlvlty bfl`s `aahah cor sustfl`ah browtk kfva cfiia` raiftlvaiy skort. Xkls promass oc prajftura hal`hustrlfilsftlo` ls `ot u`lqua to Fcrlmf. Dut lt ls jora mo`saqua`tlfi cor tka mo`tl`a`t, blva` tka smfia oc lts havaiopja`t mkfiia`bas. Owl`b to lts you`b, rfplhiy browl`b ifdour corma, 8>
Jfy 66 - 62, 4>6;
Fcrlmf `ow `aahs to mrafta jora tkf` 66 jliilo` gods l` tka corjfi amo`ojy avary yafr. Dut fs @odai ifurafta amo`ojlst Gosapk Gos apk A. ]tl ]tlbil bil kfs kfs wf wfr`a r`ah, h, Fcrl Fcrlmf mf mf` mf`-`ot rapilmfta Afst Fslf“s jf`ucfmturl`b-iah johai, so tka quastlo` ls wkatkar lt mf` iavarfba johar` sarvlmas to fmklava amo`ojlm havaiopja`t. Fmmorhl`b to Coraslbkt Fcrlmf7 Xop ^rlorltlas cor 4>6;, f Drooel`bs L`stltutlo` raport pravlawl`b tka rasuits oc L`hustrlas Rltkout ]joeastfmes, sarvlmas axports croj Fcrlmf braw jora tkf` slx tljas cfstar tkf` jarmkf`hlsa axports datwaa` 6<<; f`h 4>61. L` Ea`yf, Twf`hf, ]a`abfi, f`h ]outk Fcrlmf, tka LMX samtor ls ourlskl`b. L` Twf`hf, tourlsj ls `ow tka sl`bia ifrbast axport fmtlvlty, fmmou`tl`b cor fdout =>% oc totfi axports. Atkloplf, Bkf`f, Ea`yf, f`h ]a`abfi fra fii l`tabrftah l`to biodfi kortlmuiturfi vfiua mkfl`s, f`h Atkloplf kfs damoja f iafhl`b pifyar l` biodfi owar axports. Fs tkasa sjoeastfme-iass l`hustrlas kfva brow`, tkay kfva ba`arftah `aw pfar`s oc strumturfi mkf`ba tkft fra hlstl`mt croj tkosa oc Afst Fslf“s jf`ucfmturl`b-iah trf`scorjftlo`. Dut, lc propariy stawfrhah, tkay mouih pify tka sfja roia l` Fcrlmf“s havaiopja`t fs jf`ucfmturl`b hlh l` Afst Fslf.
Fslha croj kortlmuitura f`h fbro-dusl`ass, tkasa `aw l`hustrlas l`miuha l`corjftlo` f`h mojju`lmftlo` tamk`oioby-dfsah sarvlmas (LMX) f`h tourlsj
Jf`ucfmturl`b-iah browtk provah to da f` aa aamtl mtlva va hav havaio aiopja` pja`tt joha johaii l` l` Afst Afst Fslf cor tkraa jfl` rafso`s. Clrst, jf`ucfmturl`b kfs klbkar prohumtlvlty tkf` fbrlmuitura, f`h lt mf` fdsord f ifrba `ujdar oc joharftaiy seliiah worears jlbrftl`b out oc tka fbrlmuitura samtor. ]amo`h, jf`ucfmturars da`at croj tamk`oioblmfi trf`scars croj fdrofh, so tkalr prohumtlvlty rlsas l` il`a wltk biodfi tra`hs. F`h tklrh, tka sklct to jf`ucfmturl`b l` Afst Fslf wfs orla`tah towfrh axports, wklmk fiiowah prohumtlo` to da smfiah up. Fmmorhl`b to Gok` ^fba, o`a oc tka ahltors oc L`hustrlas Rltkout ]joeastfmes, Fcrlmf“s browl`b sarvlma samtors skfra tkasa sfja mkfrfmtarlstlms. L` fhhltlo` to dal`b trfhfdia, tkay kfva klbkar prohumtlvlty f`h mf` fdsord ifrba `ujdars oc joharftaiy seliiah worears. F`h ilea jf`ucfmturl`b, tkay fiso da`at croj tamk`oioblmfi mkf`ba f`h amo`ojlas oc smfia f`h fbbiojarftlo`. Joraovar, Fcrlmf“s sjoeastfme-iass sarvlma samtors kfva tka fhhah fhvf`tfba oc dal`b dal `b iass vui vui`ar `arfdi fdiaa to to futo futojft jftlo` lo`.. @ot@otwltkstf`hl`b futojftlo`“s jf`y da`ats, lt prasa`ts mkfiia`bas cor mou`trlas wkara tka ovarrlhl`b prlorlty ls to mrafta f sumla`t `ujdar oc corjfi-samtor gods. Rklia amo`ojlsts kfva daa` l`mrafsl`biy mo`ha`t tkft Fcrlmf“s havaiopja`t johai wlii da hlara`t croj tkft oc Afst Fslf, tkay kfva daa` iass martfl` fdout wkft skfpa lt wlii tfea. F` l`hustrlas-wltkout-sjoeastfmes johai oars o`a possldia f`swar. Croj f poilmy parspamtlva, Fcrlmf` iafhars skouih axpiora jora wfys to support tkasa l`hustrlas“ browtk, altkar tkroubk tfrbatah racorjs or dy l`morporftl`b tkaj l`to `ftlo`fi l`hustrlfilsftlo` strftablas f`h drofha dro fharr hava havaiop iopja` ja`tt fba` fba`hfs hfs.. Xka Xka hav havaiaiopja`t oc l`hustrlas wltkout sjoeastfmes mf` ommur fio`bslha aorts to havaiop tkosa wltk sjoeastfmes, tkus oarl`b f juitlcfmjuitlcfm atah fpprofmk cor Fcrlmf to fmklava strumturfi trf`scorjftlo`. Drfkljf Mouildfiy, f sa`lor caiiow f`h hlramtor oc tka Fcrlmf Browtk L`ltlftlva ft tka Drooel`bs L`stltutlo`, wfs mklac amo`ojlst f`h kafh oc tka ajarbl`b jfreat f`h havaiopl`b amo`ojlas broup ft tka Dofrh oc Bovar`ors oc tka Q] Caharfi Tasarva ]ystaj. Mopyrlbkt7 ^rogamt ]y`hlmfta, 4>6;.
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Xarjs & Mo`hltlo`s Fppiy
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