Kgws nknoysfs
Mgnotm
Dusfkgss
N pmitijiurknofst‖s kfamtenrg
Wankbn‖s irno mgnotm `rfsfs Wankbn‖s cggbs ik fts eibgrkfty
Didf Qfkg pritgsts mft Wankbn‖s tiur ipgrntirs mnrb
Fssug Ki. 70= Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
Tgvnepfka KPPC Xgksfik Riwgrs
Wsms 7,888,Lsms 488, TwC >,788, PBX =
Cfamt iv ivgr gr WTN WTN‖s Pm P ms.> trfoofik bgno Eusgvgkf nwnrbs ft ti ”`iktrivgrsfno‖ `iepnky
www.fkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua
VIW DWV RMG
RTWRM QG XNV RMG
XTF@G
Fkbgpgkbgkt Xudof`ntfiks Ofeftgb, Xoit =4/=2, Lnkjilyn Lnkjilyn Ptrggt, X. I. Dix 0082, Lnepnon, Wankbn Rgo: +473-0>4-301-06>/ 4/ 0/ 2 Cnx: +473-0>4-301-063 G-enfo: gbftirfnoHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua, nbvgrtfsfkaHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua, `fr`uontfikHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua Qgdsftg: www.fkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua
FKDI]
Fssug Ki. 70= Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>= 4 8>= Kgws nknoysfs
Dusfkgss
Mgnotm
Nrts
Eitirfka
@ivgr stiry
Cfamt ivgr WTN‖s Pms.> trfoofik bgno Eusgvgkf nwnrbs ft ti ”`iktrivgrsfno‖ `iepnky
2
Rmg Qggl
46 @ieegkts
@mnragb eiurkgrs `mnsg aivgrkegkt i`fnos crie Lfruefrn durfno
6
Qiegk fk tmg bfaftno rgvioutfik: Xrispg`ts nrg
ofeftgb ns tmgfr n``gss ti tmg Fktgrkgt nkb eidfog pmikgs fs ndiut =7% ic tmnt cir egk
Rmg Onst Qirb
Eusgvgkf‖s fenag bfsnstgr: Miw
tmg prgsfbgkt fs bfs`ikkg`tgb crie tmg yiuka, gbu`ntgb urdnkftgs nkb wmy mg `nkkit wfk tmge ivgr >2
03
Mgnotm Wankbn‖s irno mgnotm `rfsfs cggbs ik fts eibgrkfty: Vgt eibgrk sioutfiks oflg piofsmgs, rgoos, bgkturgs nkb
Nknoysfs
feponkts nrg tii gxpgksfvg
N pmitijiurknofst‖s kfamtenrg: Nlgkn rgofvgs
tirturg vfsftgb ik mfe dy Wankbn‖s efoftnry
06 41
Dusfkgss Didf Qfkg pritgsts mft Wankbn‖s tiur ipgrntirs mnrb: Dut Aivt biwkponys
fepn`t ic rg`gkt `nk`goontfiks
PRTNRGAV & GBFRITFNO BFTG@RIT: Nkbrg Nkbrgw w E. Ewgkbn Ewgkbn ENKNAFKA GBFRIT: GBFRIT: Jisgpm Qgrg FKSGPRFANRFIKP GBFRIT: Mnaanf GBFRIT: Mnaanf Entsfli DWPFKGPP GBFRIT: Fsnn` Lmfsn XMIRIATNXMGT: Jfeey Pfyn
Nrts & @uoturg Ntwirl wirlsmip 48>=:Fkspfrfka kgw agkgrntfik ic
`rgntfvg tmfklgrs
QTFRGTP:Tiknob QTFRGTP: Tiknob Eusilg, Convfn Knssnln, Fnk Lntusffeg, Nakgs Knktn Knktndn, dn, Juofus Juofus Dusfkag. kag. BGPFAK/ONVIWR: Pnrnm BGPFAK/ONVIWR: Pnrnm Kairirnki @NTRIIKFPR: Mnrrfgt Jnewn
XWDOFPMGT: Fkbgpgkbgkt Xudof`ntfiks Ofeftgb, Xoit =4/=2, Lnkjilyn Ptrggt, X. I. Dix 0082, Lnepnon, Wankbn Rgo: +473-0>4-301-06> +473-0>4-301-06>// 4/ 0/ 2 | Cnx: +473-0>4-301-063 +473-0>4-301-063 G-enfo: gbftirHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua gbftirHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua | nbvgrtfsfkaHfkbgpgkbgkt. nbvgrtfsfkaHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua `i.ua `fr`uontfikHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua | Qgdsftg: www.fkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua 4
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
ICCOFKG
Kntnsmn Lnrua Lnruafrg frg fktribu`gs sieg ic tmg cfoe bfrg`tirs ic tmg 41 Auks Auks ti Xrgsfbgkt X rgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf nkb Cfrst Onby Jnkgt burfka fts prgefgr nt Knoyn fk Lnepnon ik Pnturbny Pgpt 1tm, 48>=. XXW Xmiti
‟Qg mnvg oist enky pgipog fk tmg sneg wny Lfruefrn bfgb dut wmnt wirrfgs us fs tmnt tmg aivgrkegkt mns nooiwgb tmg `iktfkuius smgbbfka ic doiib―Euctf doiib―Euctf Pmndnk Eudnjjg
Nrtfstss pgrc Nrtfst pgrcire irefka fka nt tmg Kygag Kygag cgstfvno fk Jfkjn. KGR XMIRI
‟Ki neiukt ic drutnofty, ki neiukt ic rgprgssfik fs aifka ti `iw us biwk. Qg swirg ti us tmnt wg smnoo amt cir crggbie.―Tidgrt crggbie.― Tidgrt Lynauonkyf, Lynbikbi Gnst EX
Ogafstir Tidgrt Lynauonkyf nbbrgssgs nbbrg ssgs n prgss `ikcgrgk`g wftm mfs onwygr Tidgrt Nestgrbne fk Qnsmfkatik B@ ik Pgpt.83 48>=. KGR XMIRI
‟Wankbnks mnvg ciukb tmg vn``fkg cir cgnr nkb F bi dgofgvg tmgy mnvg ciukb nk notgrkntfvg, F just mipg tmnt tmisg wmi nspfrg ti rgpon`g Eusgvgkf wfoo dg dgttgr tmnk mfe.―Kirdgrt mfe.―Kirdgrt Eni, BX prgsfbgkt
1
Wankbn Xiof`g ic`grs `mnragb wftm lfbknppfka
>4888
Sfoonags tmnt wfoo agt wntgr ns pgr n aivgrkegkt ponk ti feprivg n``gss ti sncg wntgr
42888
Tgsgrvg cir`g ic Oi`no Bgcgk`g Wkft (OBW) tmnt Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf wfoo bgpoiy ti amt `rfeg
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
0
QGGL
@mnragb eiurkgrs `mnsg aivgrkegkt iff`fnos crie Lfruefrn durfno Dnsmfr sn`ls `ndfkgt, Nssfstnkt Pupgrfktgk Pupgrfktgkbgkt bgkt ippisftfik pioftf`fnks `ikrgbu`gs efkfstrfgs
ic Xiof`g (NPX) Eumneenb Lfruefrn wns durfgb nt mfs nk`gstrno mieg fk Epnedfrg noika Ensnln rinb, n bny nctgr mg wns aukkgb biwk dy ukl uklkiw kiwkk nssn nssnfon fonkts kts wm wmii wgrg rfbfka ik eitir dflgs ik Pgpt.8=. N ariup ic `mnragb eiurkgrs ciooiwgb tmg pri`ggbfkas ic mfs durfno rfamt crie Iob Lnepnon eisqug wmgrg mfs dibyy wns dib wns prn prnyg ygb b cir cir cri crie e ti ti mfs mieg fk Duogkan up ti mfs durfno dur fno ari ariukb ukbss fk fk Epne Epnedf dfrg. rg. Noo tmriuam, tmgrg wgrg `mnkts ic ”Xgipog Xiwgr, Iur Xiwgr‖ n kgw pmrnsg usgb dy suppirtgrs ic Lynbbikbi Gnst Ogafsontir Tidgrt Lynauonkyf. Pg`urfty ipgrntfvgs tii mnb
tfkuiusoy `noogb cir `noe, nt Epnedfrg, eiurkgrs enbg ft fepissfdog cir Xiof`g Ppilgspgrsik Gefofnk Lnyfen nkb Efkfstgr cir Fktgrkno Nnfrs
Agk. Jgjg Ibikai crie n``gssfka durfno ariukbs. N``usfka aivgrkegktt ic lfoofka tmg aivgrkegk ciregr Duygkbg Bfstrf`t piof`g `ieenkbgr, tmg eiurkgrs mg`logb nkb pgotgb stikgs nt tmg twi i`fnos uktfo tmgy ogct. Lnyfen ognvgs durfno ariukbs fk Epnedfrg.
bgpoiygb mgnvfoy nt noo pon`gs ti ruog iut nky pritgsts tmnt `iuob sprfka iut. Notmiuam rgontfvgs nkb
Nt tmg tfeg ic mfs bgntm, Lfruefrn mnb aikg pudof` ndiut mfs fktgktfik ti ognvg tmg cir`g ik ariukbs tmnt ukbgr tmg rgfak gx FAX Lnog Lnyfmurn tmg piof`g mnb dg`ieg ukpricgssfikno nkb wns rg`ruftfka tmuas.
Eusgvgkf nbbrgssgs kntfik nefbst sg`urfty `ik`grks, ippisftfik prgssurg Ik Pgpt.86, Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf nbbrgssgb tmg kntfik fk n spgg`m tmnt onstgb ivgr ciur miurs. Mg stnrtgb i wftm n sogw ic aurgs
pifktfka iut miw tmg pipuontfik mns gxpnkbgb nkb miw fkcrnstru`turgg mns ariwk fkcrnstru`tur ivgr tmg pnst ygnrs. Miwgvgr tmnt bny, tmg `iuktry mnb justt sug jus sugrgb rgb nki nkitmg tmgrr smi` smi`l l
wmgk uklkiwk nssnfonkts
eurbgrgb vi`no piof`g i`gr
Eumneenb Lfruefrn, tmg sg`ikb bgntm fk just tmrgg eiktms nctgr lfoogrs usgb tmg sneg tn`tf` ti smiit nt KTE bfgmnrb nkb Nrun Eukf`fpnofty EX @io. Fdrnmfe Ndfrfan. Ndfrfan. Nosi, ft wns just bnys nctgr
tirturgb Lynbbikbi Gnst EX Tidgrt Lynauonkyf nbbrgssgb tmg Xrgss fk tmg WP ndiut mfs irbgno fk wmf`m mg n``usgb sg`urfty ipgrntfvgs ic dgntfka mfe up. Gxpg`tntfiks wgrg mfam tmnt enky tnol smiw pukbfts stnrtfka prgbf`tfka wmnt wiuob gktnfo tmg prgsfbgkt‖s spgg`m dut rnt rntmg mgrr tmg tmg Xrg Xrgsfb sfbgk gktt snfb snfb mg mnb `noogb cir n prgss drfgcfka ti nkkiuk`g tmnt Wankbn mnb rgn`mgb tmg tnlg i stnag.
Gvgk tmiuam, mg `ieegktgb ik vnrfius fssugs fk`oubfka miw cnr `iurt mnb aikg wftm pgipog wmi mnvg dggk lfoogb, mg snfb tmg aivgrkegkt‖s ci`us wns ik feprivfka tmg
g`ikiey dy pufka fk pon`g
dgst fkcr dgst fkcrnst nstru` ru`tur turgg gspg gspg`fn `fnooy ooy rinbs nkb n``gss ti gog`trf`fty wmgrg mg snfb agkgrntfik fk`rgnsgb crie 38EQ fk >6=3 ti ivgr =88EQ tibny nkb gxpg`tgb ti dg 44>3EQ dy 4844. Ik sg`urfty, mg snfb tmgy nrg bgpoiyfka n tgepirnry rgsgrvg cir`g ic 42,888 oi`no bgcgksg ukfts ti dg usgb fk Lnepnon nkb Qnlfsi nrgns ns sg`urfty `negrns nkb itmgr fkcrnstru`turg tmnt mg pripisgb fk Jukg wmgk Ndfrfan wns eurbgrgb nrg nosi dgfka put fk pon`g. Cir tmfs rgvnep, mg snfb tmgy mnvg ponkkgb ti spgkb ndiut Pms78dfoof Pms78dfoofik. ik.
Pubnk Xrgsfbgkt Ienr No-Dnsmfr mns `ut mfs aivgrkegkt crie 0> ti 4> efkfstgrs, n rgvgontfik enbg ik Pgpt.86. N``irbfka ti mfs tip nfbg, Cnfsno Mnssnk Fdrnmfe, tmg prgsfbgkt bg`fbgb ti `ut mfs `ndfkgt fk irbgr ti tn`log tmg ariwfka g`ikief` `rfsfs fk tmg `iuktry. ‟Rmg g`ikief` sftuntfik kggbs ti dg rgsiovgb nkb cir tmfs Xrgsfbgkt Dnsmfr bg`fbgb ti `ut tmg aivgrkegkt nt noo ogvgos,― mg snfb tmg bg`fsfik wns rgn`mgb nctgr n tip ogvgo eggtfka wftm egedgrs ic tmg ruofka Kntfikno @ikargss Xnrty (K@X). Dnsmfr knegb Eiutnz Eiusn Ndbnoonm, wmi wns tmg frrfantfik efkfstgr fk tmg iutaifka `ndfkgt, ns tmg kgw prfeg efkfstgr, wmfog Xrfeg Efkfstgr Dnlrf Mnssnk Pnogm wfoo kiw dg tmg rst vf`g prgsfbgkt.
Rmg Kgw Xrfeg Efkfstgr Ndbnoonm n``irbfka ti Fdrnmfe mns dggk tnslgb wftm cirefka tmg kgw `ndfkgt wmf`m tmgy mipg wfoo rgvfvg tmg wirsgkfka g`ikiey tmnt fs `mnrn`tgrfzgb dy cnoofka Pubnkgsg piukb nanfkst tmg bioonr nkb wirsgkfka `ist ic ciib ftges, n `rfsfs tmnt mns dggk gs`nontfka gvgk nctgr tmg WP ofctgb fts trnbg gednrai fk I`tidgr onst ygnr. Rmg wirsgkfka g`ikiey wns rst mfamofamtgb dy aivgrkegkt
fk Nprfo wmgk tmgk Efkfstgr cir
cirgfak nnfrs Fdrnmfe Amnkbiur
tiob pnrofnegkt tmnt aivgrkeg aivgrkegkt kt wns fk n knk`fno `rfsfs tmnt tmgy mnb dggk ukndog ti pny stn cir sgvgrno eiktms. Mg mns rgb
smirtoy nctgr nkb tmg prgsfbgkt
nkkiuk`gb n rgsmug rgpon`fka
efkfstgrs fk lgy efkfstrfgs su`m ns ifo nkb narf`uoturg.
*tgres nkb `ikbftfiks nppoy
2
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
QGGL
Idnen `nepnfaks cir bgei`rnts nmgnb ic efbtgre pioos Ciregr Negrf`n Xrgsfbgkt Dnrrn`l Idnen rgturkgb ti tmg `nepnfak trnfo ik Pgpt.81 fk Foofkifs ti `nkvnss cir vitgs cir Bgei`rnts tnlfka pnrt fk tmg up`iefka efbtgre gog`tfiks ti tnlg pon`g fk Kivgedgr. Mg tiob tmg `riwbs tmnt tmgfr `iuktry wns fk n tryfka eiegkt nkb uragb tmisg tmnt wfoo
Iyi enrls 40rb nkkfvgrsnry, nsls aivgrkegkt ti rgturk lfkabie pripgrty Iyi Kyfedn Lndnedn Fauru, tmg lfka ic Riiri enrlgb mfs 40rb `irikntfik nkkfvgrsnry ik Pgpt.8= wftm `gogdrntfiks stnrtfka wftm prnygrs nt Pt. Jimk‖s @ntmgbrno fk Cirt Xirtno nkb ontgr n rg`gptfik nt mfs Lnruzfln pnon`g. Nt tmg rg`gptfik, tmg lfka nslgb i`fnos wmi mnb
rgprgsgktgb tmg rgprgsgktgb prgsfbgkt fk`oubfka Xrfeg Efkfstgr Tumnlnkn Tuaukbn nkb Bgcgksg Efkfstgr Nbioc Ewgsfag ti rgony mfs egssnag ti tmg prgsfbgkt tmnt tmg lfkabie wnkts fts onkb tftogs dn`ll snyf dn` snyfka ka tmn tmntt tmg tmg lfkabie mns tmg
ai iut ti vitg fk Kivgedgr ti rgvgrsg tmg sftuntfik nkb rgstirg snkfty fk tmgfr pioftf`s. Mg kitgb tmgrg fs n `y`og ic nkagr nkb bfvfsfik neika Negrf`nks kiw wmf`m `nk ikoy dg mgnogb fc tmgy mnkbivgr tmg `iktrio ic `ikargss dn`l ti bgei`rnts. ‟Fc wg bik‖t stgp up, tmfkas `nk agt wirsg,― mg snfb
pifktfka iut tmnt Negrf`nks nrg norgnby ndiut enky tmfkas fk`oubfka n triudogb mgnotm `nrg systge nkb mfam `ists ic gbu`ntfik neika itmgrs. Fk tmgsg efbtgre pioos, mg snfb, stnlgs nrg mfam cir kit just tmg bgei`rnts nkb cir noo Negrf`nks.
QG NTG MFTFKA! Nrg yiu n Xmiti Jiurknofst9 Qg nrg oiilfka cir siegikg wftm n argnt sgksg ic fenafkntfik, nk gyg cir bgtnfo nkb n lkn`l cir ciooiwfka kgws gvgkts.
Iyi smnlgs mnkbs wftm tmg Xrfeg Efkfstgr burfka tmg `gogdrntfiks.
ndfofty ti enknag fts pripgrtfgs. Rmg lfka‖s spgg`m wmi uragb mfs pgipog ti wirl mnrb wns ciooiwgb dy mfs eit eitmg mgr‖ r‖ss Dgst Lgefafsn. Rmg quggk eitmgr ikoy `ikarntuontgb mgr sik cir rgn`mfka tmfs cnr mnvfka `ieg ti piwgr ikoy nt tmg nag ic tmrgg. ‟Qmgk ey
musdnkb bfgb, tmgrg wns n tuedog biwk nkb Xrfk`g Iyi wns `riwkgb lfka smirtoy nctgr. F tmiuamt F wns mnvfka n kfamtenrg tmnt wiuob `ieg ti pnss. F mnvg kiw wftkgssgb n lfka ariw crie stnag ti stnag. F mnvg nbefrgb mfs ognbgrsmfp n`uegk nkb slfoos ti ofstgk―.
Pgkb @S ti: G-enfo: jwgrgHfkbgp jwgrgHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua gkbgkt.`i.ua Rgo: +473-0>4-301-06>/ 4/ 0/ 2
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
7
QGGL
KAIs pritgst n``usntfiks ic spiksirfka `rfeg
Tussfn smiw`nsgs dfaagst wnr anegs fk 28 ygnrs Fk`irpirntfka @mfkgsg nregb cir`gs cir tmg rst
Viutms oft cfrg fk tmg efbbog ic Iob Lfrn rinb fk Ln ewilyn pritgstfka EX Lynauonkyf‖s fk`nr`grntfik
Fk n spg`fno `ikcgrgk`g mgob nt stntg miusg ik Pgpt.86, Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf nbbrgssgb tmg kntfik ndiut n kuedgr ic fssugs fk`oubfka tmg rg`gkt wnvgs ic pritgsts fk urdnk `gktgrs n`riss tmg `iuktry wmf`m ciooiwgb n ru`lus fk Nrun Eukf`fpnofty wmgrg EXs wgrg nrrgstgb nkb ontgr `mnragb wftm trgnsik. ‟Rmgsg KAIs nrg usfka iur yiutm ti pritgst. Qmgk tmgy durk tyrgs tmgy pny tmge
Pms>88, 888. Rmgy wgrg nosi ponkkfka ti durk n pgtrio stntfik tmnt tmgy wiuob pny tmge Pms088, 888 dut wg `iuobk‖t ogt tmnt mnppgk―, tmg prgsfbgkt snfb. Miwgvgr, dgcirg tmfs, sgvgrno aivgrkegkt i`fnos mnb enbg tmgsg
`onfes cir`fka KAIs ti `noo cir n prgss drfgka
ti `ognr tmg nfr. Rmgy snfb tmg aivgrkegkt wns ikoy anaafka tmge dg`nusg ic tmgfr ivgrsfamt riog nkb miobfka nutmirftfgs
ti n``iukt.‟Qg wirl cir bgvgoipegkt. Qg wirl ti nbvnk`g bgei`rn`y. Rmgrg fs ki wny wg `nk spiksir pioftf`no ukrgst―, snfb Nrtmur Onril tmg `iuktry bfrg`tir N`tfiknfb, ikg ic tmg KAIs. Dut, aivgrkegkt enfktnfks tmnt tmgy idtnfkgb fktgoofagk`g fktgoofagk `g nkb fs kiw pridfka sgvgrno KAIs tmnt nrg dgfka spiksirgb dy cir cirgfa gfakk dibf dibfgs gs ti cukb pioftf`no vfiogk`g dy sie siegg eged egedgrs grs ic tmg ippisftfik.
ENL stubgkts strflg ivgr mflgb cggs Rwgovg stubgkts ic Enlgrgrg Wkfvgrsfty wgrg nrrgstgb ik Eikbny nkb itmgrs spnygb wftm tgnr ans ns tmgy pritgstgb n >7% fk`rgegkt ik tuftfik cggs. Rmg `mnragb stubgkts snfb tmgy wgrg kgvgr `iksuotgb dgcirg tmg fk`rgegkt wns enbg. Rmg `mnkags wmf`m ng`t
stubgkts wmi jifkgb tmg
fkstftutfik onst eiktm nt tmg stnrt ic tmg kgw n`nbgef` ygnr wgrg pripisgb nkb npprivgb dy tmg Wkfvgrsfty `iuk`fo tmrgg eiktms nai. Rmfs wns nctgr tmg stubgkts‖ aufob pripisgb n >7% fk`rgegkt cir fk`iefka stubgkts itmgr tmnk tmg gnrofgr pripisgb 26% dy tmg Wkfvgrsfty `iuk`fo. Fk Juoy, tmg ukfvgrsfty
nbefkfstrntfik nkb nbefkfstrntfik stubgkts‖ aufob narggb ti tmg >7% fk`rgegkt fk tuftfik cggs stnrtfka wftm n`nbgef` ygnr
tfeg, Tussfn ik Pgpt >> onuk`mgb tmg dfaagst efoftnry brfoos fk fts mfstiry fkviovfka 088,888 triips. Ptnrtfka fk Gnstgrk Pfdgrfn, tmg wggloika bgpoiyegkt wmf`m fs nosi fkviovfka tmg Eikaiofnk nrey mns dggk knegb ”Sistil 48>=‖ wmf`m egnks tmg Gnst 48>=. N``irbfka ti Fktgrkntfik Fktgrkntfikno no rgpirts, tmg smiw fs `iepnrgb ti tmg WPPT >6=> wnr anegs tmnt fkviovgb dgtwggk >88,888 nkb >78,888 Qnrsnw Xn`t siobfgrs tnlfka pnrt fk ‟Znpnb-=>― (Qgst=>) - tmg onragst efoftnry gxgr`fsgs ic tmg Pivfgt grn. Tussfn‖s bgcgksg Efkfstgr Pgragf Pmifau tiob jiurkn jiu rknofs ofsts ts tmn tmntt tmfs tmfs yg ygnr nr‖s ‖s ane anegs gs fkv fkviov iovgg 088, 088,888 888 siobfgrs, 03,888 efoftnry vgmf`ogs, >,888 ponkgs nkb =8 wnrsmfps tnlfka pnrt fk tmg brfoos. ‟Fenafkg 03,888 efoftnry vgmf`ogs eivfka nt tmg sneg tfeg: tnkls, nreiurgb pgrsikkgo `nrrfgrs, fkcnktry amtfka vgmf`ogs - nkb noo ic tmfs, ic
`iursg, fk `ikbftfiks ns `oisg ti n `iednt sftuntfik ns pissfdog,― Pmifau snfb nbbfka tmnt noo tmgfr ontgst nbbftfiks oflg tmg Pu-07 amtgr ponkgs, R-=8
nkb R -68 tnkls nrg dgfka rioogb iut nt tmg smiw tmnt gkbs tieirriw Pgpt.>7. Rmgfr `iernbgs fk Dgfjfka `ikregb tmnt 0,488
siobfgrs, 688 tnkls nkb 08 jgts nkb mgof`iptgrs nrg tnlfka pnrt. Miwgvgr, tmg smiw mnppgks nt n tfeg ic gs`nontfka tgksfiks dgtwggk Eis`iw nkb tmg Qgst ivgr n``usntfiks ic Tussfnk fktgrcgrgk`g fk wgstgrk nnfrs nkb tmg ikaifka `ikf`ts fk Wlrnfkg
nkb Pyrfn. Rmg prgvfius su`m gxgr`fsg fk tmg rgafik mnppgb fk 48>2 nkb wns noeist mnoc tmg sfzg ic tmfs wftm >77,888 siobfgrs pnrtf`fpntfka.
48>=/>6 cir tmg kgxt vg
ygnrs. Dut, stubgkts sny tmg fk`rgnsgb cggs nrg kit nirbndog ti tmg
stubgkt nkb tmgrgcirg nrg dgfka bgprfvgb crie n``gssfka gbu`ntfik nt tmg fkstftutfik. Tussfn‖s wnr anegs
3
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
Mueiur
Bfb yiu lkiw9
Nenzik mns onuk`mgb n kgw tndogt tmnt‖s n oit `mgnpgr tmnk nk fXnb Rmg efkfstgr ic Gtmf`s nkb Fktgarfty, Cntmgr Pfeik Oilibi wns quf`l ti ippisg tmg ERK Kygag Kygag Cgstfvno `onfefka ft fs nk gvfo gvgkt.
Nenzik mns just rgvgnogb fts ontgst Cfrg tndogt noikasfbg n spg`fno bi`l tmnt gg`tfvgoy turks ft fkti nk Nenzik G`mi
spgnlgr. Rmg Cfrg MB = fs eu`m `mgnpgr tmnk Nppog‖s fXnb.
Qmgk put fk fts bi`l, tmg tndogt nn`mgs
wftm enakgts nkb nutientf`nooy smfcts ti
”Pmiw Eibg‖ wmf`m gg`tfvgoy turks ft fkti
Ciregr Duygkbg Bfstrf`t Xiof`g @ieenkbgr Eumneenb Lfruefrn wns nssnssfkntgb ik Pgptgedgr =.
nk Nenzik G`mi wftm n s`rggk. Viu `nk nsl Nogxn qugstfiks ndiut tmg wgntmgr ir tmg spirts s`irgs nkb tmg tndogt s`rggk wfoo rgn`t n``irbfkaoy, gvgk fc ft‖s oi`lgb. ‟Viu `nk stnrt wnt`mfka n smiw ik tmg tndogt fk Pmiw Eibg fk tmg lft`mgk nkb tmgk just pf`l tmg tndogt up crie tmg bi`l nkb eivg ti riie, tmg vfbgi wfoo `iktfkug ukfktgrruptgb,― ukfktgrruptg b,― snfb Nktifkg Brgycus, tmg mgnb ic Nenzik‖s Cfrg RS nkb Cfrg Rndogts fk tmg GW. ‟Rmg sneg aigs cir vfbgi `noos ir itmgr n`tfvftfgs ditm fkti nkb iut ic tmg bi`l,― mg nbbgb. Oflg prgvfius Cfrg MB tndogts, ft `iegs wftm n ponstf` dn`l fk n `mif`g ic drfamt `ioiurs: rgb, ygooiw nkb doug. Rmgrg‖s nosi n don`l kfsm fc yiu wnkt siegtmfka n dft
senrtgr. Rmg fktgrkno `iepikgkts afvg yiu gkiuam rgsiur`gs ti gkjiy `iksuefka egbfn. Rmg Cfrg MB = mns n >.0AMz qunb`irg pri`gssir, >.7AD ic TNE nkb n `mif`g ic gftmgr >3AD ir 04AD ic stirnag. Nenzik quitgs >8 miurs ic dngry ofcg
ik n sfkaog `mnrag. ”Qg‖vg stu`l wftm tmg wfkkfka rg`fpg ic n prgefue bgvf`g nt kikprgefue prf`gs, wftm n ci`us ik cnefoy nkb gktgrtnfkegkt,‖ gktgrtnfkeg kt,‖ Brgycus snfb. Rmg Cfrg MB = `nk nosi dg diuamt ns n spg`fno Lfbs Gbftfik, wmf`m `ists £>46 nkb `iegs wftm n ”lfb-priic‖ `nsg, n 4-ygnr wnrrnkty nkb n ygnr‖s suds`rfptfik ti Nenzik‖s Lfbs Wkofeftgb sgrvf`g wmf`m fk`oubgs spg`fno tnfoirgb `iktgkt cir tmg ofog tylgs. Rmg tndogt `nk dg prgRmg efkfstgr cir Lnepnon Dgtf Lneyn uragb tmg Xnrofnegkt ti tnlg tmg sg`urfty ic tmg Xrgsfbgkt sgrfiusoy.
irbgrgb crie Nenzik tibny nkb wfoo stnrt smfppfka ik I`tidgr 2. Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
1
@gogdrntfiks grupt fk Euednf nctgr tmg suprgeg `iurt uknkfeiusoy ruogb ti bg`rfefknofsg mieisgxuno sgx fk n onkbenrl jubaegkt cir any rfamts. N cfvg-jubag dgk`m nt tmg `iuktry‖s mfamgst `iurt ruogb tmnt n >38-ygnr-iob onw dnkkfka sgx ‟nanfkst tmg irbgr ic knturg― neiuktgb ti bfs`rfefkntfik ik tmg dnsfs ic sgxuno irfgktntfik nkb wns uk`ikstftutfikno.
Rmg Onst Qirb
IXFKFIK
Eusgvgkf‖s Eusgv gkf‖s fenag bfsnstgr Dy Nkbrgw E. Ewgkbn
Miw tmg prgsfbgkt fs bfs`ikkg`tgb crie tmg yiuka, gbu`ntgb urdnkftgs nkb wmy mg `nkkit wfk tmge ivgr ukbny kfamt, Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf nbbrgssgb tmg kntfik ik tgogvfsfik fk tmg wnlg ic tmg nssns-
P
sfkntfik ic ygt nkitmgr pudof` aurg,
tmfs tfeg tmg Bfstrf`t Xiof`g @ieenkbgr cir Duygkbg Bfstrf`t, Eumneenb Lfruefrn. Ft wns n `onssf` Eusgvgkfsqug nbbrgss wftm mfs usuno bfssgrtntfik ik mfstiry, stntfstf`s spf`gb wftm mfs `mnrn`tgrfstf` mueiur. Ft onstgb eirg tmnk twi miurs. Qmnt tmg prgsfbgkt‖s enfk nfe9 Qmi wgrg mfs tnragt nubfgk`g9 F tmiuamt Eusgvgkf‖s nbbrgss wiuob ci`us ik tmg bgtgrfirntfka sg`urfty sftuntfik fk tmg `iuktry. Fkstgnb wg wgrg trgntgb ti n ‟tiur bg rnfsik― ik tmg n`mfgvgegkts ic mfs aivgrkegkt ivgr tmg onst 04 ygnrs. Rgogvfsfik fs n vgry vfsuno egbfue< pgipog sgg nkb idsgrvg yiur gvgry agsturg. Eusgvgkff wns fk jivfno eiib nkb oiilgb Eusgvgk rgonxgb oflg n enk fk `ieenkb ic tmg sftuntfik. Dut mg nosi `neg n`riss ns vgry iob cnsmfikgb. Mg wiuob i``nsfiknooy pnusg fk mfs spgg`m ti sfp ik mfs tgn ir pf`l n knplfk ti wfpg siegtmfka i mfs kisg, nt ikg tfeg spffka. Mg wiuob rgpgnt mfesgoc ivgr nkb
ivgr nanfk ivgr eukbnkg fssugs. Mg oiilgb oflg n arnkbcntmgr spgnlfka ti mfs arnkb`mfobrgk nt mieg tmnk n prgsfbgkt nbbrgssfka nbbrgssfka n kntfik. Bfb tmg prgsfbgkt wnkt ti rgnssurg mfs suppirtgrs tmnt mg fs stfoo fk `mnrag9 Ir wns ft ti wfk ivgr tmg dnzuluou wmi nrg fk`rgnsfkaoy rgstogss nkb tfrgb ic mfs ruog nkb wmie mg n``usgs ic mnvfka dggk efsogb dy mfs `rftf`s9 Mfs `irg suppirt-dnsg fs enbg up ic tmg rf`mgst >% nkb tmg piirgst 18% ‐ tmg eist rurno nkb ognst gbu`ntgb sg`tfiks ic iur si`fgty. Rmg ongr ariup bigs kit mnvg
n``gss ti tgogvfsfik. Rmgy `iuob mnvg ofstgkgb ti mfe ik rnbfi dut tmgy bi kit spgnl Gkaofsm, tmg onkaunag mg wns usfka. N``irbfka ti tmg 48>2 Kntfikno Miusfka nkb Xipuontfik @gksus, ikoy >7% ic Wankbnk miusgmiobs mnvg n``gss ti tgogvfsfik, up crie 2.3% fk 4884. Nosi tmgrg nrg 1.0 efoofik miusgmiobs fk Wankbn. Rmnt egnks ndiut >.>e miusgmiobs, ir ndiut 7 efoofik pgipog mnvg n``gss ti tgogvfsfik. Eist ic Eusgvgkf‖s suppirtgrs rgoy ik rnbfi wmf`m rgn`mgs 38% ic miusgmiobs. Vgt tmg spgg`m wns bgofvgrgb fk Gkaofsm nkb tmg 48>2 @gksus rgpirt snys ikoy 40% (>> efoofik) Wankbnks mnvg bikg I‖ ogvgo nkb ndivg nkb tmgrgcirg spgnl Gkaofsm. Rmgrgcirg,, tmg tgogvfsfik nkb GkaofsmRmgrgcirg
spgnlfka nubfgk`g ic Wankbnks tmnt tmg prgsfbgkt wns spgnlfka spgnlfka ti fs enbg up ic pgipog wmi nrg onragoy mistfog ti mfe nkb wmie mg kggbs ti wfk ivgr. Rmgsg nrg tmg yiutmcuo, gbu`ntgb nkb urdnk Wankbnks miobfka senrt pmikgs nkb `rftf`fsfka mfe ik si`fno egbfn. N`tfka oflg n pntrikfsfka arnkbcntmgr fs `grtnfkoy kit tmg rfamt strntgay ti wfk ivgr tmfs spg`f` nubfgk`g
sgaegkt. Rmg spgg`m wns rf`m fk sudstnk`g dut on`lgb geitfikno `ikkg`tfik ti fts nubfgk`g. Rmg prgsfbgkt usgb n oit ic mfstiry nkb stntfstf`s. Vgt Vgt pioftf`s fs rnrgoy ndiut mfstirf` cn`ts nkb stntfstf`s dut ndiut pgipog‖s geitfikno rgn`tfiks ti fssugs. Viuka, urdnk nkb gbu`ntgb Wankbnks nrg nkary wftm tmg `urrgkt aivgrkegkt nkb tmgfr cggofkas mnvg ofog ti bi wftm mfstiry, cn`ts, nkb stntfstf`s. Ri dg gg`tfvg fk mfs egssnag Eusgvgkf
kggbgb n s`rggk dgmfkb ti vfsunooy prgsgkt mfs mfstirf`no cn`ts nkb stntfstf`s dn`lgb dy vfbgis nkb pmitiarnpms ti fooustrntg mfs pifkts. Gvgk tmgk mg wiuob mnvg mnb ti usg tmfs ti enlg geitfikno `ikkg`tfik wftm yiuka pgipog, smiwfka tmge tmnt mg `nrgs ndiut tmgfr crustrntfiks nkb mg fs tmg dgst pisftfikgb pgrsik ti privfbg tmge ippirtukftfgs. Dut fkstgnb ic nbbrgssfka tmgfr `ik`grks, mg `onfegb tmgy mnvg dggk efsogb dy tmg ipp ippisf isftfi tfik. k. Miw `nk yiu wf wfkk ivg ivgrr siegikg‖s mgnrt dy tgoofka tmge tmgy nrg auoofdog nkb efsogb dy itmgrs9 Ft fs gnsy ti ukbgrstnkb wmy Eusgvgkf Eusgvgkf rgofgs mgnvfoy ik mfstirf` n``iukts nkb stntfstf`s fk mfs nrauegkts. Ft fs onragoy dg`nusg tmgy cnviur mfe. Mg mns prgsfbgb ivgr n rnpfboy ariwfka g`ikiey cir 04 ygnrs. Mg `iuob mnvg usgb rf`mgr stntfstf`s tmnk mg bfb wftm n wfbg rnkag ic fkbf`ntirs ‐ ariwtm fk ABX nkb ABX pgr `npftn, ariwtm ic gxpirts, enkucn`turfka, dnklfka, tiurfse, pudof` rgvgkugs, gkgray, wntgr, s`miios, mgnotm nkb gbu`ntfik ‐ fk`oubfka feprivgegkt fk cnefoy nssgts nkb wgoodgfka. Dut gvgk tmg piiroy prgsgktgb stntfstf`s wgrg aiib gkiuam. Rmg iobgr agkgrntfik bi npprg`fntg mfs mfstirf` cn`ts nkb eny gkjiy mfs mueiur nkb duy fkti mfs stntfstf`s. Rmgy eny gvgk dggr dg gr npp npprg` rg`fnt fntgg mfs mfs arn arnkbcn kbcntmgr tmgroy oy anf anft. t. Dut
tmg ‟dnzuluou― wiuob kit `ikkg`t wftm
ditm dit m tmg tmg en engr gr nkb enk enkkgr kgr ic mfs prg prgsgkt sgktnn-
tfik. Rmg cgw yiuka pgipog F `iuob rgn`m nkb nsl wgrg kit feprgssgb gvgk neika
tmisg wmi rgnooy nbefrg mfe. Pi mgrg wns nk gxgr`fsg ic twi miurs fk wmf`m tmg prgsfbgkt prgn`mgb ti tmg `ikvgrtgb nkb sntfsgb
mfesgoc tmnt mg mnb `ieeukf`ntgb. Eusgvgkf `ut tmg fenag ic n Jurnssf` prgsfbgkt usfka >7tm `gktury egtmibs ti `ieeukf`ntg ti n 4>st `gktury nubfgk`g. F wikbgrgb wmgtmgr nkyikg nbvfsgs nkb prgps tmg prgsfbgkt dgcirg mg nppgnrs ik kntfikno tgogvfsfik. tgogvfsfik. Ft eny n`tunooy dg tii
ontg ti x Eusgvgkf‖s pudof` fenag dg`nusg
bifka tmfs rgqufrgs n egssnag. Qmnt fs Eusgvgkf‖s Eusgvgkf ‖s `irg fbgn nriukb wmf`m yiuka pgipog `nk dg eidfofsgb9 Rmg prgsfbgkt spgnls n oit ndiut si`fno trnkscirentfik. Rmgk nanfk mg snys mg fs ikoy wirlfka cir mfesgoc nkb mfs cnefoy, nkb tmnt mg fs kit n sgrvnkt ic nkyikg. Pg`ikboy, wmf`m ikg ic mfs `irg piof`fgs nkb n`tfiks sggls ti n`mfgvg si`fno trnkscirentfik9 trnkscirentf ik9 Miw bigs su`m n drinb aino `ikkg`t geitfiknooy wftm tmg nspfrntfiks ic tmgsg dnzuluou9 Rmfs fs gvgk eirg fepirtnkt dg`nusg tmgsg bnys ft fs mnrb ti kb n onrag `ieeukfty ic nbefrgrs wmi
rgnooy dgofgvg fk wmnt Eusgvgkf stnkbs cir< gspg`fnooy neika tmg yiuka. Rmg cgw wmi bi nrg rgou`tnkt ti ipgkoy fbgktfcy wftm tmg prgsfbgkt, tmg ruofka pnrty, nkb tmg aivgrkegkt. Ik si`fno egbfn, F ictgk eggt n cgw vgry fktgoofagkt yiuka pgipog wmi nbefrg Eusgvgkf. Miwgvgr, nkb wftm vgry cgw gx`gptfiks, eist ic tmge usg psgubi knegs. Qmy9 Ptubgkts wnkt ti dg `iio. Dut suppirtfka Eusgvgkf Eusgvgkf fs kit `iio nkyeirg. Rmisg wmi bi nrg sggk ns sgoo-iuts. Ptubgkts nt tmg bfgrgkt ukfvgrsftfgs ic Wankbn,
cir gxnepog, wiuob ikoy ipgkoy bgcgkb Eusgvgkf fc tmgrg fs siegtmfka dfaagr ti `iepgksntg tmgfr dnb rgputntfik ‐ priefsgs ic n jid, eikgy ir stntus. Rmfs gxponfks wmy Eusgvgkf mns ti fk`rgnsfkaoy rgoy ik eikgy ti mnvg bgcgkbgrs ik si`fno nkb itmgr trnbftfikno egbfn. Rmg pridoge fs tmnt pnfb bgcgkbgrs `nk enlg n tg`mkf`no `nsg cir yiu, dut tmgy `nkkit dg pnssfikntg ndiut yiur `nusg. @iksgqugktoy tmgy `nkkit wfk cir yiu `ivgrts. N eivgegkt ir `nkbfbnturg rgqufrgs gvnkagofsts f.g. prgn`mgrs pnssfikntgoy nkb geitfiknooy `ieefgb ti tmg `nusg. Rmgsg
nrg tmg ikgs tmnt wfk kgw `ikvgrts. newgkbnHfkbgpgkbgkt.`i.ua Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
6
@ISGT PRITV
Cfamt iv ivgr gr WTN WTN‖s ‖s Pm P ms.> trfoofik bgno Eusgvgkf nwnrbs ft ti ”`iktrivgrsfno‖ `iepnky Dy Mnaanf Entsfli
N bg` bg`fsf fsfik ik ti oi oi`l `l sie sieg g dfb dfbbgr bgrs s iut iut ic n bgn bgnoo wirt wirtm m ivgr ivgr n trfo trfoofofik ik smfoofkas nt tmg Wankbn Tgvgkug Nutmirfty nkb nwnrb ft ti n `iktrivgrsfno Pwfss `iepnky mns spnrlgb n amt.
@ISGT PRITV
R
Gnroy tmfs ygnr, WTN kitgb tmnt ft wns
mg amt ivgr tmg bgno ti
suppoy n bfaftno stneps ti tmg tnxenk mns su`lgb
oisfka dfoofiks ic smfoofkas ti `fanrgg
seuaaofka. Gstfentgs fkbf`ntg tmnt tmg `iuktry `iuob dg oisfka trfoofiks bug ti `iuktgrcgfts nkb seuaaofka ic tidn``i, wfkg, nkb spfrfts, neikast itmgr. Rmfs wns tmg dnsfs ic WTN pursuft ic bfaftno stneps ik noo aiib enkucn`turgb oi`nooy ir fepirtgb. Rmg stnep wiuob enlg ft gnsy ti trn`g nkb trn`l aiibs enkucn`turgb cir gxpirt dut buepgb ik tmg oi`no enrlgt nkb tmisg fepirtgb fooganooy. Qmgk fk Cgdrunry 48>1 WTN fkvftgb dfbbgrs ti privfbg privfb g tmg bfaftno stneps sgrvf`g, ikoy PF@XN nkb tmg Fkbfnk `iepnky, Enbrns Pg`urfty Xrfktgrs
fk i`fnos nt tmg Cfknk`g Efkfstgr, Cirgfak Nnfr
Efkfstgr Pne Lutgsn, bfpoients, nkb Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf. Rmg bfaftno tnx stnep enknagegkt systge fk qugstfik, gksurgs gnsy trn`fka nkb trn`lfka ic gspg`fnooy gx`fsndog aiibs ir pribu`ts tmnt nrg ofndog cir gx`fsg buty< wmf`m tnx fs pnfb dy tmg pribu`gr ir fepirtgr dgcirg snog. Rmg Pwfss `iepnky, wmf`m mns dggk nwnrbgb tmg bgno, PF@XN Pg`urfty Pioutfiks, wns `iepgtfka wftm Wankbnk, @mfkgsg, nkb Fkbfnk `iepnkfgs. Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt mns ognrkt tmnt WTN, wmf`m fs tmg pri`urfka gktfty lf`lgb iut noo tmg itmgr nkb enfktnfkgb PF@XN, notmiuam tmg Pwfss `iepnky mnb cnfogb twf`g burfka tmg tgkbgrfka pri`gss. Fk ditm `nsgs, WTN `nk`googb `nk`go ogb tmg pri`gssgs ti gkndog PF@XN ti sirt iut ftsgoc. Fksfbgrs `onfe WTN wns n`tfka ukbgr bfrg`tfvgs crie Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf. Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt `iuob
(EPX) enbg ft ti tmg kno stnags ic tmg
Tisn Qmftnlgr
PF@XN ippisgb fk Lgkyn, Drnzfo, nkb Eiri``i Dut fk n turk ic gvgkts, WTN fkciregb EPX tmnt tmg pri`urgegkt mnb dggk `nk`googb. Ft bfb kit afvg nky gxponkntfik. N``irbfka ti `irrgspikbgk`gs sggk
kit fkbgpgkbgktoy `ikre tmfs. WTN
@ieefssfikgr Agkgrno, Birfs Nlio bfb kit rgspikb ti iur qugrfgs dy prgss tfeg. Miwgvgr, wgoo-prgssgb siur`gs nt tmg tnxenk mnvg fkciregb Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt PF@XN fs criktgb dy piwgrcuo oiddyfst Tisn Qmftnlgr, tmg ciregr Nssfstnkt WP Rrnbg Tgprgsgktntfvg cir Ncrf`n ukbgr @ofktik nkb Dusm nbefkfstrntfiks wmi mns cir enky ygnrs dggk n `ikbnktg ic Xrgsfbgkt
Eusgvgkf. Qmftnlgr wns nosi tmg oiddyfst cir twi @mfkgsg `iepnkfgs tmnt ivgr tmg pnst cgw ygnrs mnvg s`iipgb tmg twi dfaagst fkcrnstru`turg prijg`t pr ijg`t `iktrn`ts fk Wankbn‒Pfkimybri, wmf`m s`iipgb tmg $ >.1 dfoofik Lnruen bne prijg`t nkb @mfkn Mnrdir nkb Gkafkggrfka @iepnky (@MG@), wmf`m rg`gktoy ait tmg bgno cir tmg $4dfoofik Ptnkbnrb Anuag Tnfowny (PAT) prijg`t. Ns gnroy ns 48>3 PF@XN wns `mnsfka tmg bgno tmriuam rgprgsgktntfvgs ic n Lgkynk `iepnky `noogb @mgss Gktgrprfsgs Otb. Nt tmg tfeg, miwgvgr, Wankbn bfb kit gvgk mnvg n onw fk pon`g tmnt wiuob nooiw tmg fepogegktntfik ic tmg bfaftno tnx stnep enknagegkt systge, wmf`m gksurgs kntfik-wfbg `iktrio ic aiibs gspg`fnooy gx`fsg pribu`ts. Rmgsg aiibs eny rnkag crie tidn``i, spfrfts, wfkg, dggr, ns wgoo ns itmgr `iksuegr aiibs, ai ibs, fk`oubfka sict brfkls nkb efkgrno wntgr. Rmg bfaftno stneps systge fs nfegb nt pufka nk gkb ti
dfbbfka pri`gss. Nt tmfs pifkt, PF@XN cnfogb ti privfbg noo tmg rgqufsftg bi`uegkts, nkb ikoy EPX rgenfkgb fk tmg rn`g.
dy Rmg Fkbgpgkb F kbgpgkbgkt, gkt, EPX wiuob w iuob ongr
Pne Lutgsn
trnbg fk `iuktgrcgft aiibs nkb tmg oissgs tnx nutmirftfgs fk`ur ns n rgsuot ic seuaaofka nkb itmgr cires ic foof`ft trnbg. Dn`l tmgk, fk n oggr ti tmg Pg`rgtnry
ti tmg Rrgnsury, Lgftm Eumnlnkfzf, PF@XN rgprgsgktntfvg, Ef`mgog @nstgaknri fktgrgstgb aivgrkegkt fkti fts sgrvf`g nkb dinstgb tmnt tmgy wgrg `npndog ic enlfka eirg eikgy cir WTN dy rgbu`fka `iuktgrcgft nkb fk`rgnsfka tnx rgvgkug. N``irbfka ti n oggr n `ipy ic wmf`m
Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt mns sggk, s ggk, PF@XN kitgb tmnt tmgfr priarneeg mnb ogb ti n 0= pgr`gkt fk`rgnsg fk gx`fsg rgvgkug ik spfrfts nkb sgfzurg ic 088,888 `iktrndnkb pribu`ts fk Lgkyn. P@FXN pissfdoy `ftgb tidn``i dg`nusg, nt tmg tfeg, Drftfsm Negrf`nk Ridn``i Wankbn (DNRW) mnb dggk `ieponfkfka tmnt sieg tidn``i bgnogrs wgrg crnubuogktoy lggpfka ik tmg Wankbnk enrlgt `fanrggs egnkt cir gxpirt tmgrg
dy nvifbfka pnyfka tnxgs, fk`oubfka
gx`fsg buty, nkb ng`tfka tmgfr oi`no
snogs.
ognrk tmnt WTN wns fk tmg pri`gss ic nwnrbfka tmg `iktrn`t ti PF@XN. PF@XN fs `iksfbgrgb n aoidno ognbfka privfbgr ic tmg lfkbs ic sioutfiks WTN mns dggk oiilfka ti pri`urg. Dut ft fs nosi n `iktrivgrsfno dusfkgss ipgrntir wmisg prn`tf`gs mnvg dggk ciuamt fk Lgkyn, Drnzfo, nkb Eiri``i neika itmgrs. Fts ippikgkts `rftf`fsg PF@XN cir sgglfka ndkireno prits nt tmg gxpgksg
ic oi`no enkucn`turgrs nkb `iksuegrs. PF@XN typf`nooy fk`oubgs n `onusg fk fts tgkbgr bi`uegkts tmnt rgqufrgs `iepnkfgs enkucn`turfka gx`fsndog aiibs ti pny PF@XN n spg`f` cgg cir gvgry stnep nn`mgb ti gn`m ftge. Rmfs gnrks tmg Pwfss re dfoofiks ic
smfoofkas gvgry ygnr. Ft nosi pusmgs tmg `ist ic pribu`tfik nkb enrlgt prf`g ic pribu`ts up. PF@XN fs nosi n``usgb ic iutfka tgkbgrfka pri`gssgs nkb
bgpgkbfka ik tmg dn`lfka ic piwgrcuo oiddyfsts ti wfk. Fksfbgr siur`gs sny tmfs `iuob dg miw PF@XN mns ait tmg dn`lfka ic Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf. Ns kitgb, miwgvgr, ft fs stfoo kit `ikregb tmnt Eusgvgkf
bfrg`tgb WTN ti sfkaog siur`g tmg Pwfss `iepnky. Dut ft fs tmgsg rgpirts tmnt nrg cugofka `ik`grks fk ofamt ic PF@XN‖s noogagb oika trnfo ic oiddyfka prn`tf`gs nkb `iktrivgrsfno egtmibs ic sg`urfka dusfkgss. Fk 48>7, tmg `iepnky wns n``usgb ic `irruptfik fk Drnzfo ciooiwfka nk Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
>>
@ISGT PRITV
Rru`ls `nrryfka aiibs.
fkvgstfantfik, wmf`m ciukb tmnt n sgkfir
gx`fsndog aiibs ti pny PF@XN Pm>.78
ogafsontirs wgrg fkn``urntg.
PF@XN i`fno, rgpirtgboy pnfb efoofiks ic bioonrs ti knk`g efkfstry i`fnos
cir gvgry stnep nn`mgb ti gn`m ftge, wmf`m wiuob gnrk tmg Pwfss re
WTN‖s ipnqug egtmibs
ti sg`urg tmg `iktrn`t wirtm sgvgrno dfoofik guris. PF@XN bgkfgb tmg `onfes ft `ieefgb nky frrgauonrftfgs. Rmg `nsg fs
stfoo pgkbfka. Fk kgfamdiurfka Lgkyn, `ik`grks gegragb tmnt PF@XN wns crnubuogktoy nwnrbgb tmg GAEP `iktrn`t wirtm
Lsm>1.= dfoofik. Ppg`f`nooy, ft gegragb
tmnt LTN nwnrbgb PF@XN tmg GAEP `iktrn`t fk 48>8, oika dgcirg tmg `iepnky wns rgafstgrgb fk 48>0. ‟Wkbgr tmg pri`urgegkt onw, tmg `iktrn`t wns pri`gssgb tmriuam crnubuogkt egnks nkb ft `nkkit dg sustnfkgb― Enurf`g Juen, tmg Bfrg`tir Agkgrno ic tmg Xudof` Xri`urgegkt Ivgrsfamt Nutmirfty (XXIN), snfb. Oflg fk Wankbn, PF@XN wns fkftfnooy bfsqunofgb crie tmg tgkbgr pri`gss dg`nusg tmg t mg Pwfss re bfb kit eggt
tmg rgqufrgb stnkbnrb stfpuontgb fk tmg tgkbgr pri`gss. Ft tmgk nppgnogb tmriuam tmg Xudof` Xri`urgegkt Tgvfgw Dinrb (XXTD), wmf`m nosi kitgb tmnt PF@XN bfb kit eggt tmg rgqufrgegkts nkb tmg tgkbgr smiuob mnvg dggk nwnrbgb ti Enbrns Pg`urfty Xrfktgrs. Miwgvgr, tmg `iktrn`t siegmiw ontgr gkbgb wftm PF@XN. Nkitmgr gogegkt ic tmg bgno tmnt rnfsgb `iktrivgrsy wns n `onusg fk tmg tgkbgr bi`uegkts tmnt rgqufrgs `iepnkfgs enkucn`turfka >4
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
dfoofiks ic smfoofkas gvgry ygnr. Fk Lgkyn, `iepnkfgs oflg sict brfkl enlgr @i`n-@ion nkb dggr enlgr Gnst Ncrf`nk Drgwgrfgs Ofeftgb (GNDO) pritgstgb tmg bfaftno tnx systge, nraufka tmnt ft fk`rgnsgb tmgfr `ist ic bifka dusfkgss. Nt tmg rntg ic Pm>.78 stnep buty fepisgb ik gvgry diog ic wntgr,
juf`g nkb sibn, cirfkstnk`g, ci rfkstnk`g, rgpirts fkbf`ntgb tmnt @i`n-@ion wiuob pny tmg Pwfss re upwnrb ic WPms088 dfoofik
nkkunooy. Fk Rnkznkfn, PF@XN mns stfrrgb sfefonr `iktrivgrsy. Npnrt crie `ik`grks tmnt tmg Rnkznkfn Tgvgkug Nutmirfty bfb kit nwnrb tmg bgno fk n `iepgtftfvg enkkgr, Rnkznkfnk trnbgrs nosi `ieponfkgb tmnt tmg tgres ic tmg bgno ukkg`gssnrfoy fk`rgnsgb tmgfr `ists ic pribu`tfik. Pgrgkagtf Drgwgrfgs Otb enknafka bfrg`tir Mgogkg Qggsfg pritgstgb tmnt tmg eivg wiuob rgsuot fk nk nbbftfikno $>88 efoofik nkkuno `ist ti tmg fkbustry. Ogafsontirs ik Rnkznkfn‖s dubagt `ieefgg kitgb tmnt wmfog tmgy
suppirtgb tmg bfaftno stneps bgvgoipegkt, PF@XN wns sgt ti fkvgst sofamtoy ivgr WP$4> efoofik, ygt ft wiuob gnrkfka n oit eu`m eirg tmnk tmnt nkkunooy ivgr tmg vg-ygnr
`iktrn`t pgrfib. Fk rgspiksg, PF@XN
snfb tmg aurgs `ftgb dy tmg trnbgrs nkb
Nefbst noo tmfs, tmg wny WTN fs aifka ndiut pri`urfka tmfs sgrvf`g fs rnfsfka `ik`grks. Ic pnrtf`uonr `ik`grk fs tmg ipnqug enkkgr fk wmf`m tmg bgno fs dgfka mnkbogb. @irrgspikbgk`gs sggk dy Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt smiw tmg Fkbfnk `iepnky, EPX, `ieponfkfka tmnt ft mnb wik fkftfno riukbs ic tmg dfbbfka pri`gss ikoy ti dg fkciregb dy tmg Wankbn Tgvgkug T gvgkug Nutmirfty (WTN) tmnt tmg pri`gss mnb dggk mnotgb. Noo triudog stnrtgb ukrnvgofka wmgk fk Juoy onst ygnr, WTN smirtofstgb EPX tiagtmgr wftm PF@XN. Rmg tnxenk tmgk fkvftgb ditm PF@XN nkb EPX ti sudeft tmgfr dfbs, wmf`m EPX snys ft bfb. Burfka tmg Xudof` Dfb Ipgkfka, tmg dfb ic PF@XN wns ciukb ti dg efssfka sgvgrno lgy bi`uegkts. Pieg snepogs wgrg efssfka nkb ft mnb wrika Xiwgrs ic Nirkgy.
Ns pgr tmg pudofsmgb rgqugst cir pripisno, tmg dgst-gvnountgb dfbbgr wns sgt ti dg kitfgb dy I`tidgr 41,
48>1. Miwgvgr, ik Kivgedgr 42, 48>1, EPX rg`gfvgb nk genfo crie WTN wftm n oggr stntfka tmnt tmg rgqugst
cir pripisno wns `nk`googb nkb mnb ti dg rg-tgkbgrgb ns tmgrg wgrg ‟kgw rgqufrgegkts wmf`m `neg up fk tmg tgres ic rgcgrgk`g―. Rmnt sneg bny, EPX nkb fts
@ISGT PRITV
Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf wftm Tnvf Pmnklnr, Pmnklnr, Fkbfn‖s Mfam @ieefssfikgr ti Wankbn.
`iepgtftir rg`gfvgb tmg Tgtgkbgr Dfbbfka Bi`uegkts tmriuam nk genfo wftm tmg Tgtgkbgr `oisfka ik Bg`gedgr 44, 48>1. Rmgrgnctgr, n prg-dfb eggtfka wns mgob. Nt tmg prg-dfb eggtfka, eggt fka, PF@XN rgpirtgboy rgqugstgb cir nbbftfikno tfeg ti sudeft snepogs. WTN idofagb ti tmfs rgqugst nkb gxtgkbgb tmg Tg-tgkbgr Pudefssfik Bntg ti Jnkunry 2, 48>= ti nooiw `iepnkfgs tfeg ti sudeft tmgfr snepogs cir gvnountfik. Nanfk, EPX sudefgb tmg Dfb cir
tmg Tgtgkbgr ti WTN nkb tmg Xudof` Dfb Ipgkfka wns mgob ik tmg narggb bny. Burfka tmg Xudof` Dfb Ipgkfka, tmg PF@XN Dfb wns nanfk ciukb ti dg efssfka tmg snepogs wmf`m nrg n vftno bi`uegkt ns stntgb fk tmg TCX bi`uegkt nkb sudefssfik snepogs wns tmg vgry rgnsik tmnt tmg dfb sudefssfik wns gxtgkbgb. Fk Cgdrunry, WTN writg ti EPX kitfka tmnt tmg `iepgtftir‖s dfb wns gofefkntgb nkb bfsqunofgb nt
tmg prgofefknry stnag bug ti on`l ic fepirtnkt bi`uegkts. Ns tmg su``gsscuooy qunofgb dfbbgr, EPX wns fkvftgb ti tmg pudof` knk`fno
dfb ipgkfka sgt ti dg mgob ik i k Enr`m, 4, 48>= nt >8ne nt WTN Knlnwn Mgnbquntgrs.
EPX i`fnos trnvgoogb crie Fkbfn ti ngkb tmg eggtfka nkb wgrg prgsgkt
nt tmg vgkug nt tmg prgs`rfdgb tfeg.
Miwgvgr, WTN rgprgsgktntfvgs wgrg kit prgsgkt nt tmg vgkug. Nk miur ontgr, EPX i`fnos wgrg subbgkoy kitfgb tmnt
tmg gvgkt wns pistpikgb uktfo curtmgr kitf`g. EPX i`fnos wnftgb cir
`ieeukf`ntfik ic n kgw bntg fk vnfk. Ik Enr`m >= EPX rg`gfvgb n oggr
bntgb Enr`m >3 stntfka tmnt tmg pri`urgegkt mnb dggk `nk`googb.
Ontgr, EPX i`fnos ognrkt tmnt WTN
fs ponkkfka ti sfkaog siur`g crie tmg `iepnky (PF@XN), wmf`m mnb cnfogb fk tmg tgkbgrfka pri`gss twi tfegs. Fk nk girt ti amt dn`l, EPX mns
siuamt tmg fktgrvgktfik ic Fkbfn‖s tip bfpoients fk Wankbn nkb dn`l mieg. Ik Juoy 4, tmg `iepnky nosi writg ti Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf sgglfka mfs fktgrvgktfik. ‟Enbrns Pg`urfty Xrfktgrs fs bggpoy `ik`grkgb dy tmfs sgqugk`g ic gvgkts nkb tmg n`tfiks ic Wankbn Tgvgkug Nutmirfty Nutmirf ty dy wmf`m ft `iktfkugs ti `nk`go pri`urgegkt ic Bfaftno Rnx Ptneps fc ft gegrags crie tg`mkf`no gvnountfik tmnt Enbrns Pg`urfty Xrfktgrs fs tmg Dgst Gvnountgb Dfbbgr,― tmg oggr rgnbs fk
pnrt, ‟Enbrns Pg`urfty Xrfktgrs mns dggk ukcnfroy trgntgb fk tmg pri`urgegkt ic Bfaftno Rnx Ptnep kit ik`g, dut twf`g.― Rmg `iepnky nbbgb tmnt tmgy mnb sfk`g dggk fkcir fkciregb egb tmnt tmnt WTN wns ponkk ponkkfka fka ti ti sfkaog siur`g tmg pri`urgegkt crie tmg @iepnky wmi mnb cnfogb tmg tgkbgrfka
pri`gss twf`g. ‟Rmfs wfoo ognb ti n pri`urgegkt ic n systge wftmiut nky prf`g `iepnrfsik nkb sgt n kgantfvg prg`gbgkt cir pri`urgegkt pri`gss fk tmg `iuktry,― rgnbs tmgfr oggr
fk pnrt, ‟Curtmgr, tmg titno `ist ic tmg systge fs gxpg`tgb ti gx`ggb WP$ 478 Efoofik ir npprixfentgoy Ikg Rrfoofik Wankbn Pmfoofkas ivgr vg ygnrs. Rmfs
dgmnvfiur ic Wankbn dgmnvfiur Wankbn Tgvgku Tgvgkugg Nutmirf Nutmirfty ty fs smi`lfka fk tmg drnzgkkgss nkb tmg nubn`fty dy wmf`m tmgy `iktfkug ti iut nkb pri`urg tmg systge wftmiut
nky `iksfbgrntfik cir fktgrkntfikno pri`urgegkt prn`tf`gs, aufbgofkgs ic Xudof` Xri`urgegkt Ivgrsfamt Nutmirfty Nutmirfty ir tmg onws ic knturno justf`g.― Fk n dfb ti nbb prgssurg, tmg `iepnky oiddfgb fts bfpoients fk Wankbn nkb Fkbfn ti fktgrvgkg ik fts dgmnoc. ‟EPX wns fkvftgb fk n aoidno dfb cir suppoy ic bfaftno tnx stneps fk Wankbn cir WTN cir pri`urgegkt cir suppoy, fkstnoontfik,, trnfkfka nkb `ieefssfikfk fkstnoontfik `ieefssfikfkaa ic n bfaftno tnx sioutfiks stnep,― rgnbs n oggr crie Tnvf Pmnklnr, Fkbfn‖s Mfam @ieefssfikgr ti Wankbn ti Cirgfak Nnfrs
Efkfstgr, Pne Lutgsn, ‟EPX wns smirtofstgb nkb sgog`tgb ns dgst dfbbgr twf`g. Miwgvgr, cir sieg rgnsiks, tmg ipgkfka ic tmg knk`fno dfb wns pistpikgb fkbgkftgoy dy
WTN,― mg nbbgb. Rmg WTN @ieefssfikgr Agkgrno, Birfs Nlio mnb dy prgss tfeg kit rgspikbgb ti iur qugrfgs rganrbfka tmfs bgno. Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
>0
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Jnegs Nlgkn fs `irkgrgb dy WXBC siobfgrs dgcirg mg agts dnttgrgb ti kgnr bgntm
N pmitijiurknofst‖s kfamtenrg Nlgkn rgofvgs rgofvgs tirturg vfsftgb ik mfe dy Wankbn‖s efoftnry Jnegs Nlgkn fs n mnrbgkgb pmitijiurknofst. Mg fs nosi vgry pricgssfikno, mnvfka wirlgb nkb trnfkgb wftm tmg fktgrkntfikno kgws nagk`y< Rmiesik Tgutgrs. Dut, ik Nua.48 fk Lnepnon, fenags ic Nlgkn, lkggofka wftm mnkbs rnfsgb ns n anka ic ciur ir vg siosio bfgrs dnttgrgb mfe wftm stf`ls, auks, nkb lf`ls< ik tmg mgnb, nres, rfds ‐ gvgr gvgryw ywmgr mgrg, g, wgk wgktt vfr vfrno no ik si` si`fno fno egbfn. Fkftfnooy Nlgkn Nlgkn fs miobfka mfs `negrn up, gxponfkfka, dgaafka cir mfs ofcg. Dut tmg dgntfka bigs kit ndntg. Rmg fenags ic Nlgkn‖s irbgno nt tmg mnkbs ic tmg Wankbnk nrey mnvg dggk smnrgb wfbgoy, smiwfka tmg wirob tmg mirrirs jiurknofsts siegtfegs gkburg nt tmg mnkbs ic drutno nregb cir`gs, nkb bfspgoofka nky prgtgksg ic rgspg`t cir muenk rfamts dy tmg Wankbn nrey nkb piof`g. Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf mns rgn`tgb wftm n biudog cn`g< `ik>2
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
bgekfka tmg nttn`ls ik jiurknofsts wmgk ft sufts mfe nkb bgcgkbfka tmg dnrdnrius nttn`ls ik tmge wmgk ft fs `ikvgkfgkt. Rmg mgnbs ic sg`urfty nagk`fgs mnvg pf`lgb tmgfr `ug crie tmg Xrgsfbgkt. Rmgy nrg ukrgpgktnkt, uknpioiagtf`, nkb `i`ly fk tmgfr fepukfty. Ft fs `ognr tmgy nrg rgnby tieirriw ti tirturg nkitmgr jiurk jiu rknof nofst st nan nanfk. fk. Dut wg, ns jiurknofsts, wfoo bi wmnt wg bi dgst< wg wfoo bi`uegkt tmg ntri`ftfgs nkb mipg tmnt, ikg bny, tmg piwgrcuo egk nkb wiegk ic tibny, wfoo dg muktgb biwk nkb mgob ti n``iukt. Ft mnppgkgb ti tmg drutno nregb cir`gs ic Fbf Nefk fk >616, Efotik Iditg fk >6=3, Eidutu Pgsg Pgli fk >661 nkb Euneenr Anbmn fk 48>>. Dut, ns Nlgkn snys, tmg WXBC nkb Wankbnk piof`g mnvg kit nownys dggk drutgs. Nkb mg mipgs tmg iob bnys ic tmg bfs`fpofkgb cir`g tmnt rgspg`ts muenk rfamts `nk rgturk
dgcirg tmg wirst mnppgks. Nlgkn Nlg kn fs ikg ic tmg dgs dgstt trnf trnfkgb kgb pmitijiurknofsts nkb fkstru`tirs fk Wankbn. Cir tmg onst >3 ygnrs mg mns pmitiarnpmgb sieg ic tmg eist tueuotuius gvgkts fk Gnst Ncrf`n‖s eist mistfog `ikf`t gkvfrikegkts‒ crie tmg ntri`ftfgs ic tmg Jisgpm Liky rgdgoofik fk kirtmgrk Wankbn, tmg wnrs fk tmg BT @ikai ti tmg gkbogss pioftf`no pritgsts fk Lnepnon. Mg mns aikg fk nkb iut ic mistfog wirlfka gkvfrikegkts onragoy uks`ntmgb. Pi wmy bfb gvgrytmfka ai wrika cir mfe ik Nua.48 fk Lnepnon, nt tmg mnkbs ic Wankbn‖s drutno nregb cir`gs9 Qmy bfb tmgy put mfe tmriuam wmnt mg `noos mfs wirst kfamtenrg gvgr9 Dgcirg mg gw iut ti Oikbik cir trgntegkt nkb psy`mioiaf`no rgmndfoftntfik, mg rg`iuktgb mfs tiregkt ti Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt‖s Tiknob Eusilg ik Eusilg ik Nua.46.
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Nlgkn tgoos mfs stiry
mnvg dggk icc tmg pmitijiurknofse riutfkg cir quftg n dft dut, ic `iursg, i``nsfiknooy F ciooiw wmnt fs mnppgkfka nriukb tmg wirob, gspg`fnooy Wankbn. Ciooiwfka wmnt mnppgkgb fk tmg Nrun dy-gog`tfik< F ait dn`l ik tmg rinb nanfk< ti `ivgr wmnt wns egnkt ti dg n pgn`gcuo pritgst nt @ikstftutfikno Pqunrg fk Lnepnon. F tiil n kfamt dus crie Auou ik Nua.>6 nkb wns fk tmg `fty fk tmg gnroy eirkfka. F mnb n cgw prfvntg tmfkas F wnktgb ti bi, tmgk agt ey sncgty agnr crie ey mieg `iksfbgrfka tmnt Lnepnon pritgsts ictgk agt vfiogkt. Nctgr diilfka ey rgturk tf`lgt nt Knenyfdn Dus Rgrefkno, F eivgb up tiwnrbs Mitgo Gquntirfno. Dut nt tmg turk ti Lfsglln Enrlgt, F mgnrb n dfa dnka. Ft siukb s iukbgb gb oflg o flg n argknb ar gknbg. g. Dgcirg F `iuob pri`gss tmnt, siegtmfka wmfzzgb pnst ey cn`g. Gvgrydiby wgkt fk pnkf`, wg noo stnrtgb rukkfka. F rnk uktfo F ciukb n stnfr`nsg ti bu`l. F wns tmfklfka ft `iuob pissfdoy dg n tgrrirfst nttn`l. F sgt ey `negrn ti pmitiarnpm, ait ey prgss tna nkb ponstgrgb ft ik tmg strnp ic ey dna wmf`m F mnb tfgb n`riss ey `mgst si tmnt pgipog `iuob tgoo F wns n egbfn pgrsik. F tmgk soiwoy wnolgb dn`l tiwnrbs Lfsglln Enrlgt ti idsgrvg wmnt‖s mnppgkfka. Rmfs pnrt ic Lnepnon fs quftg dusy. Xgipog sgoo gog`trikf`s nkb `nr spnrg pnrts. Kiw tmgy wgrg crnktf`nooy struaaofka ti agt tmgfr egr`mnkbfsg icc bfspony iutsfbg fkti tmgfr smips. Enky wgrg oi`lfka up. D ibndibn eitir`y`og rfbgrs wgrg struaaofka ti pusm tmgfr dflgs icc tmg strg strggts. gts. Gvgr Gvgrydib ydibyy wns rukkfka. Rmg eg`mnkf`s wgrg rukkfka fkti tmg enoos. Xgipog fk tmg enoos wgrg agttfka ti tmg dno`ikfgs. Idsgrvfka. Qikbgrfka wmnt kgxt. Piegdiby buepgb n `nrbdinrb ik Lynaawg Tinb. Nkitmgr ciooiwgb wftm n usgb tyrg. Piik tmgrg wns n pfog ic trnsm. Rmgk nkitmgr enk `neg nkb sgt ft ndonzg. Ft wns kit ikg pgrsik bifka gvgrytmfka. Rmg cfrst cfrg wns sgt. Rmg sg`ikb cfrg wns sgt ik tmg uppgr sfbg ic Lynaawg Tinb tiwnrbs Iob Lnepnon. Rmg `riwbs ik tmg dno`ikfgs wgrg kiw smiutfka gx`ftgboy. Pieg mnb tmgfr `goo pmikgs iut, enlfka `noos, `of`lfka nwny, nkb pridndoy smnrfka pmitis ik si`fno egbfn. Gfamt efkutgs ontgr, tmrgg piof`g iccf`grs smiwgb up< crie tmg ciregr Lfsglln Mispftno bfrg`tfik. Rwi mnb NL21s nkb ikg n pfstio. Rmgy dgank cfrfka fkti tmg nfr< oits ic duoogts. Ft wns quftg s`nry. Fk prgvfius pritgsts, tmg nktf-rfit piof`g nownys nrrfvgb
F
cfrst. Rmfs wns dgtwggk >8ne->>ne. Rmg cfrg ik tmg rinb wns n dfa coneg wftm oits ic seilg dfooiwfka up. F wnolgb up, tiwnrbs Qntiti @mur`m. Fk crikt ic tmg `mur`m wns nkitmgr cfrg nkb piof`g cfrg drfanbg puttfka ft iut. Just tmgk n piof`g tru`l, wftm efoftnry egk wftm mgoegts nkb auks nt tmg rgnby ziiegb pnst< mgnbfka biwk Lfsglln Enrlgt. Fkstfk`tfvgoy, Fkstfk`tfvgo y, F turkgb dn`l ti ai sgg wmnt wns mnppgkfka. Nt tmnt pifkt tmg tru`l wftm efoftnry egk stippgb kgnr tmg gktrnk`g ic Lfluudi, siobfgrs juepgb icc nkb wgkt nctgr tmg pgipog nriukb< dgntfka dgnt fka tmge fkbf fkbfs`rf s`rfefknt efkntgoy. goy. Enky wgrg puoogb iut ic tmg dufobfka nkb wmfppgb, tmgk buepgb ik tmg wnftfka tru`l. Eirg tru`ls nrrfvgb. F wns ik Noogk Tinb nkb snw siobfgrs mgnbgb tiwnrbs Knlfvudi @mnkkgo wmgk jiurknof jiur knofsts sts jif jifkgb kgb eg. Piob Piobfgrs fgrs stn stnrtgb rtgb
Qmnt F wgkt tmriuam wns kit gnsy. F `nkkit bgs`rfdg bgs`rfd g ft. F on`l tmg wirbs gvgk fk ey eitmgr tikaug ti bgs`rfdg ft
FAX Ilitm I`mion
Drfa. Tf`mnrb Lnrgefrg
s`rgnefka nt us, dnrlfka irbgrs. F `iuob kit mgnr wmnt tmgy wgrg snyfka. F tmiuamt tmgy sfaknogb us kit ti `iktfkug wnolfka. Qg stippgb. F turkgb nriukb ti rgtrgnt. Dut tmgrg wns nkitmgr siobfgr `iefka crie tmg rgnr. Ey twi `ioognaugs cogb. F wns `nuamt. F trfgb ti gxponfk. F ne n jiurknofst. F smiwgb ey `negrn nkb tmg prgss tna. Rmg siobfgrs snfb kitmfka. Rmgy just dgank dgntfka eg wftm stf`ls, usfka ns eu`m cir`g ns tmgy `iuob. F rgegedgr rnfsfka ey mnkbs, dut tmgy just `iktfkugb dgntfka eg, mfttfka tmg dn`l ic ey mgnb nkb smiuobgrs. Rmgy tiil nwny ey `negrn. Rmgk n piof`g tru`l nrrfvgb nkb F wns irbgrgb ti `ofed fkti tmg dn`l. F wns smivgb ukbgrkgntm tmg sgnts ik tmg dnrg egtno coiir wmf`m wns ofttgrgb wftm stf`ls. Eirg pgipog wgrg driuamt fk. Doggbfka nkb `ryfka. Enky ic tmge wgrg yiutm.Rmgy wgrg tmriwk ik tip ic eg. F `iuob kit drgntmg. Ey `oitmgs wgrg sinlgb fk doiib. F wns nosi struaaofka ti lggp ey fkjurfgs crie agttfka wirsg. Rmgk tmg tru`l brivg tiwnrbs Duankbn Dus Xnrl. Rmgy irbgrgb us ti agt icc tmg senoo tru`l nkb dinrb n dfaagr tru`l. Rmgy dgnt us nanfk n anfk.. Ey rfam rfamtt rfka rf ka cfkagr c fkagr wns dy kiw drilgk nkb F wns fk gx`ru`fntfka pnfk. Pi F usgb ey wgnl ogct mnkb ti muro eysgoc ikti tmg dfaagrr tru`l. dfaag tr u`l. F wns tmg onst ti agt ikti tmg tru`l. Eirg dgntfkas nkb fksuots `iktfkugb. Gvgrydiby wns s`rgnefka nt us.
Doiib gvgrywmgrg
Rmfs wns tmg eist wirtmogss eiegkt ic ey ofcg. F cgot wirtm kitmfka. Qg wgrg noo `rfefknos< trfgb nkb jubagb dy tmg egk fk ukfcire. Crie tmg dfa tru`l, tmgy nanfk irbgrgb us ti dinrb n senoogr eidfog piof`g `goo. Rmgrg wns doiib nkb diby coufbs gvgrywmgrg. Rmgk tmg brfvgr spgb icc fk tmg eist rg`logss enkkgr F mnvg gvgr gxpgrfgk`gb. Xgipog wgrg `ryfka nkb s`rgnefka. Qg wgrg tnlgk ti Lnepnon @gktrno Xiof`g Ptntfik. Eirg fksuots ciooiwgb crie tmg piof`g iccf`grs nt tmg stntfik. Qg wgrg dnboyy fkjurg dnbo fk jurgb b dut du t tmgy t mgy irbgr i rbgrgb gb us ti ti ruk up tmg stnfrs. Qg trfgb ti ruk dut tmgy wnktgb ft cnstgr. Fksfbg, tmgy `iktfkugb s`rgnefka nt us. Pft biwk. Tgeivg smigs. Tgeivg dgots, dgot s, wnt`mg wn t`mgs. s. Tgeivg T geivg tmnt itmgr stucc. Qmi tiob yiu ti ai bgeikstrntfka9 Pgg wmnt tmgy mnvg bikg ti yiu9 Ey `negrn wns aikg. Ey `nsm wns aikg (Nlgkn snys mg mnb ndiut Pms 0.6 efoofik tmnt eirkfka). Ey spg`tn`ogs nkb wrfst wnt`m wgrg noo aikg. Ey Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
>7
KGQP NKNOVPFP
pmikg wns `rn`lgb. Rmfkas just bfsn bfsnppgnr ppgnrgb gb oflg o flg tmnt tmnt.. F cgot titnooy wirtmogss. Nkywny, n `ioognaug wmi wirls cir NCX (Fsnn` Lnsnenkf) siik smiwgb up. Mg mnb sggk n pist ik si`fno egbfn ic eg dgfka tirturgb nkb nrrgstgb. Mg ciukb eg oyfka ik ey dn`l. Fk pnfk. Rmgy nooiwgb mfe ti tnlg ey ru`lsn`l wmf`m stfoo mnb ey onptip nkb wnoogt. Rmgk wg wgrg irbgrgb fkti tmg `goo. Ns wg mgnbgb biwk fkti tmg `goo, tmg piof`gegk nbvfsgb us ti mnvg sieg eikgy ik us. F bfb kit lkiw wmnt cir dut F tiil Pms0888 wftm eg. Ns siik ns tmgy ipgkgb tmg antg, wg egt siegikg `noogb ”TX,‖ (n prfsikgr ”fk-`mnrag‖ ic tmg `goos). Rmg fkentgs sgnr`m gvgry kgw`iegr cir gvgrytmfka nkb nkytmfka. Qmgk ey turk `neg, tmg ”TX‖ oiilgb nt eg nkb snfb, ”Ezgg, wmnt bi yiu bi9‖ F snfb F ne n jiurknof jiur knofst. st. Mg snfb, sn fb, ‟Im, yiu‖rg n jiurknofst9 Bik‖t wirry, pognsg ai nmgnb.― F tmfkl F wns tmg eist gobgroy suspg`t neika tmg pgipog tmnt mnb just `ieg fk. Pi F snt wftm ey Pms0888. Gvgrydiby fksfbg tmg `goo kiw wnktgb ti `ieg nkb tnol ti eg. Eny dg tmgy tmiuamt ey pricgssfik `iuob mgop tmge. Dut ey drilgk cfkagr wns murtfka dnboy. Ft wns swioogk nkb tmg rfka mnb kiw gntgk fkti tmg
Egnkwmfog, eirg pgipog wgrg stfoo dgfka driuamt fkti tmg `goos. Enky wgrg wiukbgb, ofepfka, doggbfka. Rmgy wgrg eistoy yiuka egk. Gvgrydiby oiilgb `ikcusgb nkb gvgryikg wns smnrfka tmgfr stirfgs. Ft wns agfka bnrl nkb bf`uot ti tgoo wmnt tfeg
ft wns wmgk subbgkoy F mgnrb siegikg `noo ey kneg. ‟Jnegs Nlgkn. Jnegs Nlgkn.― Rmg ”TX‖ wmi dy kiw lkgw ey kneg `neg
Xiof`g Ppilgspgrsik). Iwgygsfayfrg snfb mfs supgrfir irbgrgb ey rgognsg. Mg siukbgb npioiagtf`. Ey aiib crfgkb (Lnsnenkf) wns stfoo nriukb @XP nkb mg n``iepnkfgb eg iut. F wns fk su`m feegksg pnfk. F wns vgry mukary. F wns tmfrsty. Eist smips wgrg `oisgb. Pi wg mgnbgb iut ic tmg `fty< ti tmg Ktfkbn sudurd. F mnb ey egno dgcirg aifka ti Lnepnon Fkbgpgkbgkt
gsm. Piegikg driuamt
Snsgofkg. Dut tmfs wns ki sioutfik. Rmgk siegikg wns rg`ieegkbgb ti rgeivg ft. Mg oiilgb drutno. Xissfdoy n mnrb`irg `rfefkno. Mg fkspg`tgb ey kagr nkb tmgk snfb: ‟Euankbn wnkag, iofkn iluauen ,―
egnkfka, F smiuob ‟tiuamgk up.― Wsfka tmf`l, riuam kagrs
nkb smggr strgkatm, mg drilg tmg rfka - just oflg tmnt. F cgot tmfs enssfvg rgofgc. Rmgk F subbgkoy stnrtgb cggofka itmgr n`mgs noo ivgr ey diby. Rmg dn`l ic ey mgnb wns murtfka. Ey ogct gyg cgot oflg ft wns pippfka iut. Gn`m tfeg, F turkgb< tmg pnfk wiuob ariw fk fktgksfty. >3
Ki egr`y. Dy tmg tfeg tmg WXBC siobfgrs wgrg bikg, Nlgkn‖s mgnb mnb bggp wiukbs nkb wns doggbfka
rukkfka: ‟Ey diss, tmgy mnvg `ieg cir yiu. Dut bik‖t ciragt us. F lkiw yiu nrg kit `iefka dn`l mgrg.― Pieg itmgr suspg`ts wgrg s`rgnefka tmgfr knegs, tmgfr cnefoy `iktn`ts‖ knegs, pmikg kuedgrs dut tmgrg fs ki wny F `iuob rgegedgr nkytmfka. F wnolgb up tmg stnfrs noikasfbg n trnfkgg jiurknofst wmisg mgnb mgnb wns dnboy d nboy dnttgrgb dntt grgb.. F wns rg`gf r g`gfvgb vgb dy Oulg O ulg Iwgygs Iwgygsfayf fayfrg rg (Lnepnon Egtripioftnk
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
Mispftno cir trgntegkt. Ft fs nt tmfs pifkt tmnt wg stnrtgb rgg`tfka ik wmnt
mnb mnppgkgb gnrofgr fk tmg bny. Qg wgrg noo fk smi`l. F mnvg wirlgb wftm tmgsg pgipog (Wankbn nregb cir`gs) fk vgry bf`uot
sftuntfiks oflg burfka tmg wnr fk kirtmgrk Wankbn. F stnrtgb pmitiarnpmfka fk >667 nkb gktgrgb tmg kgws `y`og fk 4884. Dy 4882, F mnb stnrtgb pmitiarnpmfka fk tmg kirtm, fk tmg FBX `neps nkb yiu wiuob ikoy n``gss tmgsg
`neps tmriuam tmg efoftnry. F wiuob vfsft oi`ntfiks wmgrg tmg rgdgos wiuob mnvg `nusgb mnvi`, lfoofka nkb bgstriyfka ofvgofmiibs. Dut tmg Wankbn nrey wiuob `ieg nkb rgstirg pgipog‖s mipg. Rmnt fs miw F dgank ti trust tmge. F dgofgvgb fk tmge uktfo tmg t mg bny tmfs tirturg mnppgkgb ti eg.Qns F tnragtgb9 F bik‖t lkiw. F ne kiw ik egbf`ntfik nkb F ne rukkfka dgtwggk mieg, piof`g, nkb mispftno. F mnvg n oit ic pnfk. F mnrboy soggp. F mnvg tgrrfdog t grrfdog kfamtenrgs. Rmg wirst ikg i``urrgb onst kfamt (N (Nua.4=). ua.4=). Ft wns oflg tmg efoftnry mnb `ieg dn`l cir eg. Rmgy wgrg ipgkfka tmg wfkbiw ti ey dgbriie. Rmg brgne wns si rgno F wilg up. F ait up si enky tfegs nkb gvgk brgw tmg `urtnfks ti oiil iutsfbg. Just ti dg surg. Ey rgn`tfik ti oiub siukb fs strnkag. Rmfs mns kgvgr dggk eg dgcirg. Rmgrg fs tmfs dfa n`mg fk ey gnrs. Gvgrytmfka fs oflg rgpgntgb. F cggo oflg tmgrg fs n oit ic prgssurg fk ey mgnb. Rmg bi`tirs nrg tgoofka eg ft fs pist-trnuentf` gxpgrfgk`g. Qmnt F wgkt tmriuam wns kit gnsy. F `nkkit bgs`rfdg ft. F on`l tmg wirbs gvgk fk ey eitmgr tikaug ti bgs`rfdg ft. Rmg bi`tir snfb F smiuob tnlg n rgst nkb F bik‖t lkiw cir miw oika. Rmfs fs aifka ti tnlg n mgnvy tioo ik eg. F ofvg mnkb ti eiutm nkb cir ikg wggl, F mnvg kit gnrkgb nkytmfka. Gvgk fc siegikg tmfkls tmgy `nk pny ey egbf`no dfoos, dut miw ne F aifka ti ofvg9 F wns sfepoy bifka ey jiurknof jiur knofstf` stf` wirl. F wns ik buty. Rmnt wns ey buty `noo. Dut kiw, ey `negrn fs aikg. Qmgk F `noogb tmg WXBC spilgspgrsik (Drfa. Tf`mnrb Lnrgefrg), mg snfb, ‟Qirry eirg ndiut yiur mgnotm cfrst.― Ik Pgpt. 7, Nlgkn pistgb ik mfs Cn`gdiil wnoo tmnklfka mfs crfgkbs nkb wgoo wfsmgrs wmi smiwgb `ik`grk cir mfs ukcirtukntg fk`fbgkt. ‟Gvgry bny, F ne agttfka dgttgr, cnstgr cns tgr , ki w,― mg s nfb nfb..
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Wankbn Bfnspirn X>8 Egei Tgspikbfka ti tmg Aivgrkegkt ic Wankbn‖s tmrgnt ti Wankbnks fk Bfnspirn Dy Jn`lfg Ioiyn
iu mnvg rgnb fk vnrfius si`fno egbfn pontcires nkb fk Wankbn‖s enjir Bnfofgs ndiut tmrgnts fssugb dy vn vnrfi rfius us nag nagkts kts ic tmg bfs bfs`rg `rgbft bftgb gb aivgrkegkt aivgrkeg kt ic Wankbn ti nrrgst, bgtnfk, tirturg nkb pissfdoy `mnrag Wankbnks crie tmg bfnspirn wmgk tmgy ai dn`l mieg ti vfsft tmgfr rgontfvgs, crfgkbs nkb cnefofgs, sfepoy dg`nusg tmgy wgrg sggk fk n`tfvftfgs, fk`oubfka bgeikstrntfiks bgeikstrntfiks nkb si`fno egbfn pontcires dgfka `rftf`no ic Er. Eusgvgkf Eusgvgkf‖s ‖s dontn do ntnkt kt ndu ndusg sg ic mu muenk enk rfa rfamts mts ic Wa Wankb nkbnks nks.. Rmfs tmrgnt fs kit ti dg tnlgk ofamtoy afvgk tmnt Er. Lnti Lnjudf, n Wankbnk ofvfka fk
V
Distik, Enssn`musgs, WPN wns nrrgstgb,
bgtnfkgb nkb muefofntgb nt Gktgddg Fktgrkntfikno Nfrpirt Nfrpirt ik mfs vfsft ti Wankbn, ik suspf`fik tmnt mg pnrtf`fpntgb fk tmg Distik #CrggDidfQfkg rnooy. Rmfs tmrgnt mns dggk fssugb nkb rgftgrntgb dy mfamoy pon`gb aivgrkegkt i`fno su`m ns Mik. Tutm
Knklndfrwn wmi fs tmg @mfgc Qmfp ic tmg ruofka KTEI Xnrty ic Er. Eusgvgkf, Eusgvgkf,Er. Er. Iciki Icikbi tmg i`fno spilgspgrsik ic
tmg aivgrkegkt ic Wankbn nkb tmg mfamoy pon`gb spilgspgrsiks spilgspgrsiks ic tmg Wankbn Xiof`g Cir`g, Er. Gefofnk Lnyfen Lnyfen nkb Er Sf`gkt Psglng, tmg spilgsenk ic tmg Bfrg`tirntg
ic @rfefkno Fkvgstfantfik fk tmg Wankbn Xiof`g.
rgnssgrt iur `ftfzgksmfp rfamts, rfamts, ns tnx pnygrs, nkb tmg rfamt ti n crgg si`fgty, n si`fgty wftm aiib aivgrknk`g, gqufty, si`fno justf`g, pgn`g nkb muenk bfakfty. Fk iur rgsiovg nkb siofbnrfty, wg wfsm ti rgnssgrt iur nutmirfty ns n enjir `iktrfdutirs ti tmg g`ikiey tmriuam iur rgefnk`gs, gvgk wftm ofeftgb
rgturk cir tmg ivgr WP$>.>d. Ns su`m, wg bgenkb cir nk n``iuktndog aivgrkegkt tmnt fs rgspiksfv rgspiksfvg, g, rgspg`tcuo nkb
bgprfvg tmgsg i`grs nkb egk ic gbu`n -
tfik, trnfkfka nkb n``gss ti tmgfr cnefofgs, pripgrtfgs nkb dusfkgss fktgrgsts fk tmg bfnspirn. Qg fktgkb ti oiddy aivgrkegkts tmnt rgspg`t nkb `ieeft ti bgei`rn`y nkb ruog ic onw, ti bgky tmgsg fkbfvfbunos vfsns, wmgrg pissfdog, doi`l tmgfr gktrnk`g ti cirgfak `iuktrfgs ti pritg`t Wankbnks ndrinb, ti rgvfgw nkb wmgrg pissfdog rgvilg vnofb vfsn ti bgky tmgsg pgipog trnvgo ndrinb. Ns su`m wg sggl gvgry Wankbn ti pnrtnlg fk amtfka dn`l, stnkbfka up nanfkst tmg
Qg Wankbnks fk bfnspirn, fk siofbnrfty, tnlg tmgsg tmrgnts sgrfiusoy ns n egnks ti sfogk`g bfssgkt nkb ti cir`g us fkti n``gptfka tmg `uoturg ic stntg ir`mgstrntgb fepukfty
duooy nk duooy nkb b bf`t bf`tnti ntirr Viw Viwgrf grf Eus Eusgv gvgk gkff dy< dy< n) Antmgrfka tmg cuoo fbgktfcyfka bgtnfos ic nky I`fno ir nagkt ic tmg Wankbnk aivgrkegkt wmi ndgts, justfgs, ogaftfefzgs
ir bgkfgs nky n`t ic tirturg, muenk rfamts vfiontfik, lfoofka ic `fvfofnk, nrrgsts nkb `nrryfka iut uk`ikstftutfikno ir ukonwcuo irbgrs ti mnre, bgarnbg, `iktnfk, tmrgntgk ir lfoo n Wankbnk. d) Rmn Rmntt su`m su`m fk fkcir cirent entfik fik ti fk` fk`oub oubgg tmg tmg ciooiwfka Cuoo ogano knegs nkb bntg ic dfrtm ic tmg fkbfvfbuno Cuoo bgs`rfptfik ic tmg gvgkt, pon`g, tfeg, iut`iegs, Cuoo nbbrgss nbbrgss ic su`m pgrsik, pgrsik, ditm ditm i`g nkb wirl pon`g
Cuoo rnkl, tftog nkb nutmirfty ir fkstftu-
tfikno nofntfik Nky `mnrn`tgrfstf` fbgktfgr ic su`m
Tgspiksg ti Rmrgnt
Fk Tgspiksg ti tmfs Aivgrkegkt ic Wankbn‖s tmrgnt ic nrrgstfka ic Wankbnks ofvfka ndrinb wmi nrg `rftf`no ic tmg ikaifka sftuntfik ic onwogsskgss, nrdftrnry nrrgst, tirturg, enfefka, smiitfkas, nssnssfkntfiks, nkb eurbgr ic fkki`gkt Wankbnks dy tmg stntg nrey, piof`g nkb itmgr sg`urfty nagk`fgs, wg Wankbnks fk tmg bfnspirn rgspikb tmfs wny. Qg mnvg rgsiovgb ti `iktfkug ti dg idjg`tfvgoyy `rftf`no ic tmg cnfogb rgafeg idjg`tfvgo ic Er. Eusgvgkf nt mieg wftm tmg siog purpisg ic `nusfka rgafeg `mnkag usfka nvnfondog `ikstftutfikno nkb ogano egnks. Qg Wankbnks fk bfnspirn, fk siofbnrfty, tnlg tmgsg tmrgnts sgrfiusoy ns n egnks ti sfogk`g bfssgkt nkb ti cir`g us fkti n``gptfka tmg `uoturg ic stntg ir`mgstrntgb fepukfty, ariss muenk rfamts, onwogsskgss nkb uk`ikstftutfikno egnks ognbfka ti ndusgs, tirturg nkb bgprfvntfikk ic pripgrty nkb ofcg cir noo bgprfvntfi Wankbnks Qg Wankbnks fk tmg bfnspirn wfsm ti
n``iuktndog ti noo Wankbnks, kit just ti tmg pgrsikno nppgno ic Er. Eusgvgkf nkb mfs cnefoy. Ft fs tmgrgcirg, fk iur fktgrgst ti rgspikb ti tmg tmrgnt crie tmg Wankbn aivgrkegkt
wftm n re nkb prn`tf`no sncgaunrb ti sgkb
n strika egssnag tmnt wg smnoo kit tiogrntg nky ngepts cir ft ti gxpirt fts tyrnkky
dgyikb fts tgr dgyikb tgrrft rftirf irfgs gs,, nkb nkb tmn tmnt,t, ns bfn bfnsspirn Wankbnks, wg smnoo kit n``gpt ti dg euzzogb, `urtnfogb, tmrgntgkgb, ir nofgkntgb
crie tmg sugrfka ic iur pgipog nt mieg,
ukbgr tmfs rgafeg. Fk pursuft ic vnrfius fktgrkntfikno fktgrkntfikno onws, su`m ns tmg @ikvgktfi @ikvgktfikk nanfkst Rirturg nkb Itmgr @rugo, Fkmuenk ir Bgarnbfka Rrgntegkt ir Xukfsmegkt, nkb tmg Aoidno Enakftsly N`t wmf`m nooiws tmg WP Aivgrkegkt ti snk`tfik cirgfak aivgrkegkt aivgrkegkt i`fnos fepof`ntgb fk muenk rfamts ndusgs
nkywmgrg fk tmg wirob. Rmgsg onws wfoo
n pgrsik, fk`oubg pmysf`no bgs`rfptfik ga mgfamt, `ioir ir gyg, slfk, fk`oubfka pnsspirt kuedgr, kntfikno FB nkb vgmf`og typg, pon`g nkb eibgo Cuoo ofst ic tmg pgrsik‖s pgrsik‖s dusfkgssgs dusfkgssgs nt mieg nkb ndrinb, Fc dusfkgssg dusfkgssgss ndrinb, nvnfo `ik`rgtg fkcirentfik ndiut tmg dusfkgss oi`ntfik, `fty, strggt nbbrgss. Fc tmg pgrsik mns trnvgoogb trnvgoogb ndrinb, ofst ofst tmg `iuktrfgs ic tmgfr trnvgo, miw ictgk (crgqugk`y) nkb purpisgs Fc tmg pgrsik mns `iktn`ts ndrinb, wftm aivgrkegkt nagk`fgs ndrinb, privfbg cuoo bgtnfo ic tmisg `iktn`ts. Xognsg, `iktn`t us wftm tmg ndivg bgtnfos, fk cuoo, vfn n @ikbgktfno Genfo:
tirturgrsYofstgbHwrftgeg.`ie Fk siofbnrfty wg smnoo eivg tmg eiuktnfks. #IkgXgipgIkgWankbnIkgKntfik< #XgipogXiwgrIurXiwgr.
Jn`lfg Ioiyn fs tmg @mnfrpgrsik @mnfrpgrsik Wankbn X>8 Bfnspirn Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
>1
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Ncrf`nk ognbgrs pisg wftm @mfkgsg Xrgsfbgkt ]f Jfkpfka Jfkpfka cir n ariup pmitiarnpm nt tmg 48>= CI@N@ Pueeft.
Crie tmg @mfkn-Ncrf`n sueeft Qmnt Ncrf`n nkb Wankbn ait crie Dgfjfka Dy Tiknob Eusilg
rgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf wns neika tmg 07Ncrf`nk mgnbs ic stntg
X
wmi gw iut ti Dgfjfka fk gnroy Pgptgedgr ti ngkb wmnt fs cnst
dg`iefka dg`ie fka n @mfk @mfkgsg gsg jne jnedir dirgg gg wm wmgrg grg gn gnsysyoiilfka bgnos nrg quf`loy sgnogb gvgry tmrgg ygnrs. Rmg 48>= Cirue ik @mfkn-Ncrf`n @iipgrntfik gbftfik, tmg sgvgktm sfk`g tmg turk ic tmg efoogkkfue, wns tmgegb: ‟@mfkn nkb Ncrf`n: Riwnrb nk gvgk strikagr @ieeukfty wftm n smnrgb Cuturg tmriuam Qfk-Qfk @iipgrntfik―. Wkftgb Kntfiks Pg`rgtnry Agkgrno Nktikfi Augrrgs ngkbgb tiagtm gr wftm 41 fktgrkntfik fktgrkntfikno no nkb Ncrf`nk ariups ns idsgrvgrs. Notmiuam tmg twfk fssugs ic n ariwfka trnbg fednonk`g nkb tmg sustnfkndfofty ic Ncrf`n‖s bgdt ti @mfkn wgrg mit tipf`s aifka fkti tmg Cirue, ft rgenfkgb nt tmg dn`l ic gvgry pnrtf`fpnkt‖s efkb. Enky Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs nrg auopfka oinks crie @mfkn wftmiut `iksfbgrfka wmgtmgr tmg prijg`ts tmgy fkvgst wfoo agkgrntg gkiuam g`ikief` rgturk ti ent`m tmg bgdt sgrvf`fka rgqufrgegk rgqufrgegkt.t. Ns n rgsuot, `rftf`s< gspg`fnooy crie tmg >=
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
Qgst, riutfkgoy n``usg @mfkn ic ‟bgdt trnp bfpoien`y― ‐fktgktfiknooy efrfka ‟pnrtkgrs,― pnrtf`uonroy bgvgoipfka `iuktrfgs, fk uksustnfkndog bgdt-dnsgb rgontfiks. Rmg nssueptfik sgges ti dg tmnt ‟@mfkn‖s iwk g`ikief` nkb agi-strntgaf` fktgrgsts nrg enxfefzgb wmgk fts ogkbfka pnrtkgrs nrg fk bfstrgss.―
Crie bgdt ti nfb
Nt tmg sueeft, miwgvgr, Ncrf`nk ognbgrs qugugb up ti prnfsg @mfkn‖s Xrgsfbgkt ]f. Wankbn‖s Viwgrf Eusgvgkf wns kit neika tmg dfa wfkkgrs crie tmg eggtfka. Mg ikoy sfakgb tmrgg narggegkts< ikg ik g`ikief` nkb tg`mkf`no `iipgrntfik, nkitmgr ik gegragk`y muenkftnrfnk nssfstnk`g, nkb tmg agkgrno egeirnkbue ic ukbgrstnkbfkaa ik `iipgrntfik wftmfk tmg ukbgrstnkbfk crnegwirl ic tmg Pfol Tinb G`ikief` Dgot nkb tmg 4>st @gktury Enrftfeg Pfol Tinb Fkftfntfvg.. Noo wgrg wirtm just 418 efoofik Fkftfntfvg Vunk (ndiut Pms>78 dfoofik). Pi mg, fkstgnb, tmnklgb Xrgsfbgkt ]f cir wmnt @mfkn mns bikg cir Wankbn fk tmg pnst< tmg `ikstru`tfik ic tmg twi dfaagst bnes< tmg 388EQ Lnruen Mybripiwg Mybripiwgrr ponkt nkb tmg >=0EQ Fsfedn Mybripiwgr ponkt, nkb tmg gxpnksfik ic Wankbn‖s eist
eibgrk mfamwny< tmg Lnepnon-Gktgddg Gxprgsswny, wmf`m fs tmg `iuktry‖s antgwny ti tmg wirob, ns wgoo ns tmg gxpnksfik ic Gktgddg Nfrpirt, nkb knk`fka nkb `ikstru`tfik ic tmg pripisgb Ptnkbnrb Anuag Tnfowny prijg`t. Dn`l mieg, miwgvgr, sgkfir Wankbnk i`fnos ciooiwgb Eusgvgkf‖s `ug. Rmgy lgpt
tmg ci`us ik wmnt Wankbn mns norgnby dgk-
gtgb crie >8 `iipgrntfik ponks nkkiuk`gb
dy Xrg Xrgsfb sfbgk gktt ]f ]f burf burfka ka tmg CI@ CI@N@ N@ Jim Jimnk nk-kgsdura Pueeft fk Bg`gedgr, 48>7. Rmgsg `ivgrgb lgy nrgns ic fkbustrfnofzntfik, narf`uoturno eibgrkfzntfik, fkcrnstru`turg, knk`fno sgrvf`gs, arggk bgvgoipegkt,
trnbg nkb fkvgstegk fkvgstegktt cn`foftntfik, pivgrty rgbu`tfik nkb pudof` wgocnrg, pudof` mgnotm, pgipog gx`mnkags, nkb pgn`g nkb sg`urfty. Wankbn‖s nt pn`lnag rgg`tgb tmg trgkb
nt tmfs ygnr‖s sueeft. @mfkn enfktnfkgb tmg agkgrno pn`lnag nt WP$38 dfoofik< tmg sneg ns onst tfeg. Dut tmg `nlg wns dnlgb ti bfgrgkt spg`f `ntfiks nkb `ut bfgrgktoy tmfs tfeg. Rmg
dfaagstt sof` dfaags sof`gg ic WP$ WP$07 07 dfo dfoofi ofikk wg wgkt kt ti prg prgccgrgktfno oinks nkb gxpirt `rgbft ofkgs, WP$7 dfoofi dfo ofikk ti ti arnk arnkts, ts, WP$ WP$>7 >7 dfo dfoofi ofikk ti ti `npf `npftno tno cir tmg @mfkn-Ncrf`n Bgvgoipegkt Bgvgoipegkt Cukb, nkb WP$7 dfoofik ti oinks cir tmg bgvgoipegkt ic
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Ncrf`nk senoo nkb egbfue gktgrprfsgs. Lggk wnt`mgrs oflg Bgdirnm Drnutfane wmi rgsgnr`mgs ik tmg @mfkn-Ncrf`n pnrtkgrsmfp kitgb tmnt tmg @mfkgsg aivgrkegkt n`tunooy put up $78 dfoofik ‒ $>8 dfoofik ogss tmnk pogbagb fk 48>7, nt tmg prgvfius CI@N@ sueeft. N``irbfka N``irbfka ti tmg ponk, tmg $>8 dfoofik bfgrgk`g wfoo `ieg crie prfvntg p rfvntg
@mfkgsg fkvgstegkts. @mfkn, miwgvgr, fs afvfka eirg eikgy ti Ncrf`n tmfs tfeg vfn arnkts ir fktgrgst-crgg oinks. Ft fs nosi `ufka biwk ik fktgrgst-
dgnrfka dgnrf ka `rg `rgbft bft ofk ofkgs. gs. Ic tmg @mfkgsg aivgrkegkt eikgy, $48 dfoof df oofik ik fs kgw oin oinks. ks. Drn Drnutf utfane ane kit kitgs gs tmn tmntt tmfs enrls n bg`rgnsg fk fktgrgst-dgnrfka fktgrgst-dgnrfka oinks igrgb ti Ncrf`n rgontfvg ti 48>7.
Egnkwmfog cirgfak nfb (‟arnkts, fktgrgstcrgg oinks, nkb `ik`gssfikno oinks―) `iegs fk nt ‟$7 dfoofik pgr ygnr, tmg mfamgst ogvgo gvgr igrgb ti Ncrf`n crie @mfkn. Ft
`ieprfsgs $>7 dfoofik fk cirgfak nfb, pous nk nbbftfikno $>7 dfoofik fk twi ‟spg`fno cukbs.― Idsgrvgrs sny ft fs ki `ifk`fbgk`g tmnt tmg smfct crie bgdt ti nfb fs i``urrfka noikasfbg aoidno bgdntgs ivgr tmg egrfts (nkb bgegrfts) ic @mfkgsg bgdt, wftm sieg `rftf`s n``usfka Dgfjfka ic gkafkggrfka ‟bgdt trnps― cir bgvgoipfka `iuktrfgs dy igrfka oinks tmnt
wfoo dg fepissfdog ti rgpny.
@mfkn‖s Cfvg Kis
Rmg mist ]f, miwgvgr, prgcgrrgb ti rg-
nre @mfkn‖s `ieeftegkt ti n ‟wfk-wfk
pnrtkgrsmfp― dgtwggk @mfkn nkb Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs. ‟@mfkn vnougs sfk`grfty nkb trust fk pursuft ic pnrtkgrsmfp `iipgrntfik,― `iipgrntfik,― mg snfb, ‟Ft mns kgftmgr nn`megkt ti fts strgkatm fk tmg
`iktfkgkt kir bigs ft sggl nky anfks.― Mg rgefkbgb mfs augsts tmnt @mfkn mnb
cuooogb pogbags ft enbg burfka tmg sg`ikb
CI@N@ sueeft mgob fk 48>7 fk Jimnkkgs dura. dura. Rmfs tfeg, mg ukvgfogb gfamt kit >8 enjir fkftfntfvgs cir cuturg @mfkn-Ncrf`n `iipgrntfik: fkbustrfno prieitfik, fkcrnstru`tu fkcrnstru`turg rg `ikkg`tfvfty, trnbg cn`foftntfik, arggk bgvgoipegkt, `npn`fty dufobfka, mgnotm `nrg, pgipog-ti-pgipog pgipog-tipgipog gx`mnkags, nkb pgn`g nkb sg`urfty. Iut gw narf`uoturg eibgrkfzn tfik, knk`fno sgrvf`gs, pivgrty rgbu`tfik,
nkb pudof` wgocnrg crie 48>7. Fk `neg `npn`fty dufobfka. Xrgsfbgkt ]f nosi fk`oubgb n pogbag ti wirl wftm Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs `iuktrfgs ti eftfantg gg`ts ic `ofentg `mnkag.
]f nosi pogbagb tmnt @mfkn wiuob ciooiw tmg ‟Cfvg Kis― fk fts Ncrf`n piof`y. Rmgsg fk`oubg: Ki fktgrcgrgk`g fk Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs‖ pursuft ic bgvgoipegkt pntms tmnt t
tmgfr kntfikno `ikbftfiks< ki fktgrcgrgk`g fk Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs‖ fktgrkno nnfrs< ki fepi sftfik ic @mfkgsg wfoo ik Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs< ki nn`megkt ic pioftf`no strfkas ti nssfs tnk`g ti Ncrf`n< nkb ki sgglfka ic sgosm pioftf`no anfks fk fkvgstegkt nkb knk`fka
`iipgrntfik wftm Ncrf`n.
Xrgsfbgkt Eusgvgkf smnlgs mnkbs wftm mfs mist, ]f Jfkpfka fk Dgfjfka
@mfkn mns nownys enfktnfkgb tmnt fts eibgo ic gkanagegkt wftm Ncrf`n fs ‟wfkwfk― `iipgrntfik dgtwggk gqunos ‐ ege dgrss ic dgr ic tmg tmg aoi aoidno dno ‟Pi ‟Piutm utm―― nkb nkb bgv bgvgoi goipfk pfkaa `iuktrfgs. Rmnt egssnag fs nt tmg mgnrt ic Dgfjfka‖s piof`y ic ‟kik-fktg ‟kik-fktgrcgrgk`g― rcgrgk`g― piof`y, wmf`m @mfkn `iktrnsts wftm tmg ‟strfkas― nn`mgb (usunooy rgqufrfka pioftf`no rgcire)
ti Qgstgrk nfb. Vgt, notmiuam @mfkn mns dggk Ncrf`n‖s onragst trnbg pnrtkgr ivgr tmg onst bg`nbg, tmgrg rgenfks n enrlgb fednonk`g fk trnbg wftm 28 Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs. Aifka ti @mfkn nrg ukpri`gssgb pribu`ts wmfog fk tmg ippisftg bfrg`tfik @mfkn sgkbs enkucn`turgb `mgnp aiibs. Cir Wankbn, cir gxnepog, tmg rntfi ic fepirts ti gxpirts wftm @mfkn fs n wmippfka 44:>. Cir Kfagrfn, gvgry WP bioonr ic gxpirts ti @mfkn, ft fepirts WP$ >>. Fk rgspiksg, tmg @mfkgsg aivgrkegkt igrgb ciur kgw fbgns sgt iut fk Xrgsfbgkt
]f‖s spgg`m burfka tmg cirue. Cir gxnepog, @mfkn fktgkbs ti usg g-`ieegr`g ti prieitg Ncrf`nk pribu`ts< ft nosi fktgkbs ti `rgntg n @mfkn-Ncrf`n G`ikief` Rrnbg Gxpi. Ft nosi fktgkbs ti mgop Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs pnrtf`fpntg fk tmg @mfkn Fktgrkntfikno Fepirt Gxpi fk Kivgedgr, 48>= fk Pmnkamnf. Rmg piirgst Ncrf`nk `iuktrfgs wfoo kit mnvg ti pny gxmfdftfik stnkb cggs ti tnlg pnrt. Rmgsg nrg ippirtukftfgs cir rgauonr enrlgtfka n`tfvftfgs cir Ncrf`nk pribu`ts. Pg`ikb, tmg @mfkgsg aivgrkegkts igrgb
78 trnbg cn`foftntfik priarneegs cir Ncrf`n‒tmnt fs `oisg ti ikg pgr `iuktry‒nkb tmgrgdy fk`rgnsg `iipgrntfik ik enrlgt rgauontfik nkb `usties pri`gburgs. Rmfrb, tmg @mfkgsg aivgrkegkt igrgb ti `rg ntg n kgw WP$ 7 dfoofik cukb cir knk`fka
fepirts crie Ncrf`n.
@mfkn nosi `ieefgb ti `iktfkug miob fka crgg trnbg kgaitfntfiks wftm fktgrgstgb pnrtfgs wmf`m `iuob gxpnkb tmg buty‒crgg
n``gss tmnt ft norgnby afvgs ti 61% ic pribu`ts crie tmg si-`noogb Ognst Bgvgoipgb @iuktrfgs fk Ncrf`n.
Rmg oika-tgre vfgw
@ieegktfka ndiut tmg ariwfka @mfknNcrf`n pnrtkgrsmfp, Piutm Ncrf`nk Xrgsfbgkt @yrfo Tnenpmisn wmi wns nosi tmg `i-`mnfrpgrsik `i-`mnfrpgr sik ic tmg sgssfik snfb CI@N@ rgcutgs tmg efs`ik`gptfik dy sieg qunrtgrs tmnt ft fs n kgw cire ic `ioikfnofse fk Ncrf`n pifktfka iut tmnt tmg Cirue fs ik tmg `iktrnry dgkg`fno ti tmg pgipog ic @mfkn nkb
Ncrf`n. ”Ft fs n vfsfik ic nk fktgarntgb prispgrius nkb pgn`gcuo Ncrf`n, wg wgo`ieg tmg nkkiuk`gegkt nkkiuk`ge gkt dy CI@N@ fkftfntfvgs tmnt wfoo mnvg pisftfvg nkb gvgronstfka fepn`t ti tmg pgipog ic Ncrf`n,‖ mg idsgrvgb. Rmg Xrgsfbgkt ic Twnkbn nkb tmg `urrgkt NW `mnfrenk Xnuo Lnaneg kitgb tmnt CI@N@ mns ariwk fkti nk gkafkg ic egnkfkacuo `iipgrntfik dgtwggk Ncrf`n nkb @mfkn. Mg snoutgb Xrgsfbgkt ]f-Jfkpfka cir mfs pgrsikno gkanagegkt fk tmgsg girts.
”Qg kiw wnkt ti s`nog up nkb strgkatmgk
tmg Cirue ti enxfefsg eutuno dgkgts,‖ tmg
Twnkbnk ognbgr snfb. Rmg Pg`rgtnry Agkgrno ic tmg Wkftgb
Kntfiks Nktikfi Augrrgs prnfsgb @mfkn
cir pursufka tmg pntm tmnt wfoo feegksgoy `iktrfdutg ti tmg wgoo-dgfka ic muenk lfkb. Ft fs n vfgw mgob dy Tnentmnk Aiidf, n og`turgr ic g`ikief`s fk Lnepnon. Mg tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt onst eiktm, tmg Wankbn@mfkn pnrtkgrsmfp rgqufrgs n oika tgre vfgw sfk`g tmg @mfkgsg nrg mgrg ti stny. ‟Wankbn smiuob bi gxn`toy wmnt tmg @mfkgsg bfb 08 ygnrs nai,― Aiidf snfb, ‟Rmg @mfkgsg stru`turgb tmgfr pnrtkgrsmfp wftm tmg Guripgnks nkb Negrf`nks Negrf`nks fk su`m n wny tmnt ft wns strika ik oi`no `iktgkt nkb tg`mkioiaytrnkscgr.― Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
>6
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Pgkgaogsg nkb @mfkgsg wirlgrs nt tmg `ikstru`tfik sftg cir n kgw kntfikno tmgntgr fk Bnlnr ik Cgd. >2, 4886. (Pgyooiu/NCX/Agtty Fenags)
@mfkn aiib cir Ncrf`n Fk`rgnsgb fktgrgst fk tmg `iktfkgkt‖s rgno gstntg nkb rgsiur`gs wfoo gkmnk`g tmg dnranfkfka piwgr ic aivgrke aivgrkegkts gkts tmgrg‒dut tmgy kggb ti dnranfk cir tmg rfamt tmfkas. Dy J. Xgtgr Xmne, Ndbiuo Pnone Dgooi, Diudn`nr-Pfb Dnrry
rie sgpt.80 ti 83, prgsfbgkts nkb efkfstgrs crie ivgr 78 `iuktrfgs ic Ncrf`n enbg tmgfr wny ti Dgfjfka cir tmg sgvgktm Cirue ik @mfkn-Ncrf`n @iipgrntfik, n onvfsm pnagnkt bgsfakgb ti smiw`nsg @mfkn‖s gkanagegkt wftm Ncrf`nk kntfiks. Nt tmg onst CI@N@, @mfkgsg Xrgsfbgkt ]f Jfkpfka pogbagb n enssfvg $38 dfoofi dfo ofikk fk fk `ie `ieegr egr`fn `fnoo oink oinkss ti ti Ncr Ncrf`n f`n,, n sue tmnt cnr iutstrfps W.P. ogkbfka nkb fkvgst-
C 48
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
egkts. Rmfs ygnr, mg mg mns pogbagb nkitmgr nkitmgr $38 dfoofik. Dut Qnsmfkatik smiuobk‖t kg`gssnrfoy dg nonregb‒nt ognst kit ygt. Pfk`g tmg rst CI@N@ fk 4888, @mfkn
mns ariwk crie dft ponygr fk Ncrf`n ti tmg siur`g ic kgnroy $488 dfoofik fk trnbg. Crie 488> nkb 48>>, @mfkn nosi `ieefgb $17
dfoofik dfoof ik fk nfb ti tmg `ik `iktfk tfkgk gkt,t, ndi ndiut ut 48 pgr`gkt ic tmg $282 dfoofik titno tmnt tmg Irankfsntfik cir G`ikief` @iipgrntfik nkb Bgvgoipegkt‖s Bgvgoipegkt Nssfs-
tnk`g @ieefgg `no`uontgb cir tmg pgrfib.
Rmg Wkftgb Ptntgs priefsgb siegwmnt
eirg‒$68 dfoofik fk tmg sneg pgrfib‒dut @mfkgsg nfb fs eirg siuamt nctgr. Wkoflg Qgstgrk nssfstnk`g wmf`m `iegs enfkoy fk tmg cire ic iutrfamt trnkscgrs ic `nsm nkb entgrfno, @mfkgsg nssfstnk`g `iksfsts eistoy ic gxpirt `rgbfts nkb oinks cir fkcrnstru`tur fkcrnstru`turgg (ictgk wftm ofog ir ki fktgrgst) tmnt nrg cnst, gxfdog, nkb onragoy wftmiut `ikbftfiks.
Rmnkls ti su`m oinks, tmg Fktgrkntfikno Eikgtnry Cukb gstfentgs tmnt, ns ic 48>4, @mfkn iwkgb ndiut >7 pgr`gkt ic sudPnmnrnk Ncrf`n‖s Ncrf`n‖s titno gxtgrkno bgdt, up crie ikoy 4 pgr`gkt fk 4887. Nkb E`Lfksgy &
KGQP NKNOVPFP
Nrndfnk Xgkfksuon. Fk tmg onst twi ygnrs noikg, Bjfdiutf mns dirriwgb $>.2 dfoofik crie @mfkn‒nk nstrikief`no nstrikief`no sue cir n `iuktry ic dnrgoy n efoofik pgipog. Rmnt‖s eirg tmnk tmrgg-qunrtgrs ic Bjfdiutf‖s ABX. Dgfjfka mns ogvgrnagb tmfs eikgy ti ipgk fts rst ivgrsgns efoftnry fkstnoontfik, wmf`m fs
oi`ntgb fk Bjfdiutf @fty kgxt ti n pirt tmnt fs nosi iwkgb nkb ipgrntgb dy @mfkn. Rmg dnsgg mns dns mns dnb dnboy oy `ri `riwbg wbgb b W.P. W.P. ipg ipgrnt rntfik fikss nkb mns dggk usgb ti mnrnss W.P. pfoits. Xgrmnps gvgk wirsg, Dgfjfka‖s rgsfbgkt nednssnbir mns rgpirtgboy tiob bfpoients tmnt mfs `iuktry gxpg`ts ti dg rgpnfb gftmgr fk `nsm ir fk lfkb, rnfsfka tmg spg`tgr tmnt Dgfjfka fktgkbs ti gxpnkb fts efoftnry ciitprfkt fk tmg `iuktry‒wmgtmgr fts aivgrkegkt oflgs ft ir kit. Rmg Bjfdiutf gxnepog nsfbg, tmiuam, @mfkgsg oinks nrg kgftmgr fkmgrgktoy aiib kir dnb‒tmgy wfoo dg wmntgvgr tmg Ncrf`nk kntfiks `miisg ti enlg ic tmge. Fk`rgnsgb `iepgtftfik cir Ncrf`nk rgno gstntg nkb rgsiur`gs smiuob, fk tmgiry, gkmnk`g tmg dnranfkfka piwgr ic Ncrf`nk aivgrkegkts, aivgrkeg kts, wmf`m fs fknraundoy n aiib tmfka. Rmg qugstfik, miwgvgr, fs wmgtmgr Ncrf`nk ognbgrs wfoo rfsg ti tmg i``nsfik ir wmgtmgr tmgy wfoo sgog cir bgnos tmnt eny bgofvgr smirt-tgre anfks dut nt sfakf`nkt
oika-tgre `ists. Lgkyn fs n aiib `nsg stuby ic miw ti ogvgrnag tmg ippirtukftfgs. Fk ontg Nuaust, Xrgsfbgkt Wmuru Lgkynn egt wftm W.P.
@i. rg`liks tmnt, ns ic 48>7, @mfkgsg oinks n``iuktgb cir ndiut n tmfrb ic kgw bgdt dgfka dg fka tnl tnlgk gk ik dy Ncr Ncrf`n f`nkk aiv aivgrk grkeg egkts kts.. Enky idsgrvgrs mnvg wnrkgb ic tmg rgno rfsl ic @mfkgsg ogkbfka ukbgrefkfka Ncrf`nk sivgrgfakty nkb W.P. fktgrgsts fk tmg rgafik. Cir gxnepog, fk rgenrls gnroy tmfs ygnr, tmgk-W.P. Pg`rgtnry ic Ptntg Tgx Rfoogrsik n`lkiwogbagb tmnt ‟@mfkgsg fkvgstegkt bigs mnvg tmg pitgktfno ti nbbrgss Ncrf`n‖s fkcrnstru`turg fkcrnstru`turg anp― dut nt tmg sneg tfeg onegktgb tmnt ‟fts npprin`m mns ogb ti eiuktfka bgdt nkb cgw, fc nky, jidss fk jid fk eist eist `iu `iuktr ktrfg fgs― s― gv gvgk gk ns ft ‟gk ‟gk`iu `iurrnags bgpgkbgk`y usfka ipnqug `iktrn`ts, prgbntiry oink prn`tf`gs, nkb `irrupt bgnos tmnt efrg kntfiks fk bgdt nkb ukbgr`ut tmgfr sivgrgfakty, bgkyfka tmge tmgfr oika-tgre, sgoc-sustnfkfka ariwtm.― Rnlg, cir gxnepog, tmg tfky, spnrsgoy pipuontgb Gnst Ncrf`nk `iuktry ic Bjfdiutf, wmf`m Rfoogrsik vfsftgb burfka wmnt turkgb iut ti dg mfs onst trfp ns Negrf`n‖s `mfgc bfpoient. Pfk`g 4884, ft mns dggk mieg ti tmg onragst W.P. efoftnry dnsg fk Ncrf`n, wmf`m fs usgb ns n onuk`mpnb cir `iuktgrtgrrirfse ipgrntfiks fk Gnst Ncrf`n nkb tmg siutmgrk
Xrgsfbgkt Biknob Rruep nt tmg Qmftg Miusg, nkb tmg twi ognbgrs nkkiuk`gb tmg gstndofsmegkt ic n Wkftgb Ptntgs-Lgk Ptntgs-Lgkyn yn Rrnbg nkb Fkvgstegkt Qirlfka Ariup nkb priefsgb ti kb knk`fka cir n supgrmfam wny dgtwggk tmg `npftno ic Knfridf nkb tmg pirt ic Eiednsn. Ft wfoo dg dufot dy tmg W.P. `ikstru`tfik afnkt Dg`mtgo. Nctgr n quf`l trfp mieg, Lgkynn
gednrlgb cir tmg CI@N@ eggtfka, wmgrg mg egt nkb sfakgb curtmgr bgnos ik tip ic tmg $0.4 dfoofik @mfkgsg-cukbgb, @mfkgsg-cukbgb, -dufot, nkb -ipgrntgb Enbnrnln Gxprgss rnfowny dgtwg dgt wggk gk Knf Knfrid ridff nkb nkb Eie Eiedns dnsnn tmnt tmnt ipg ipgkg kgb b onst ygnr. Fk `iedfkntfik, tmg kgw W.P.cukbgb supgrmfamwny nkb nbbftfikno @mfkgsg-suppofgb kgsg-supp ofgb rnfowny fkcrnstru`tu fkcrnstru`turg rg wfoo ognvg Lgkyn dggr gqufppgb cir fktgrkntfik no trnbg. Rmg qugstfik, miwgvgr, fs wmgtmgr eirg Ncrf`nk ognbgrs wfoo ciooiw tmnt ognb. Fc tmgy usg @mfkgsg knk`fka ns n pnt`m cir piir aivgrknk`g nkb frrgspiksfdog s`no piof`fgs, tmgk @mfkn‖s ki-strfkas-nn`mgb
npprin`m ti bifka dusfkgss `iuob fkbggb dg bfs bfsnst nstriu rius. s. Ft `iu `iuob ob dg dg`ie `ieg, g, fk tmg wir wirbs bs ic Onefbi Pnkusf, tmg ciregr aivgrkir ic tmg Kfagrfnk @gktrno Dnkl (nkb kiw gefr ic Lnki) n ‟kgw cire ic fepgrfnofse,― `iksfstfka prfenrfoy ic gxtrn`tfka rgsiur`gs nkb sgoofka kfsmgb pribu`ts dn`l ti Ncrf`nks,
wftmiut eu`m fk tmg wny ic tg`mkioiay nkb slfoos trnkscgrs fk dgtwggk. Fc Ncrf`nk kntfiks nrg eirg strntgaf` ndiut tmg usg ic @mfkgsg nfb tmiuam, tmgk ft `iuob kit ikoy mgop
tmg `iktfkgkt dufob kg`gssnry piwgr nkb rinb fkcrnstru`turg dut nosi spur g`ikief` ariwtm. Rmg Qirob Dnkl gstfentgs tmnt fc tmg rgafik `iuob just `oisg fts fkcrnstru`turg anp wftm tmg egbfnk ic tmg rgst ic tmg bgvgoipfkaa wirob, ABX pgr `npftn wiuob bgvgoipfk fk`rgnsg dy >.1 pgr`gktnag pifkts pgr ygnr. Qgnloy bgei`rntf` aivgrkegkts fk Ncrf`n `iuob nosi ogt @mfkgsg fkvgstegkt dg`ie dg `iegg n cuo cuooo rgp rgpon` on`geg gegkt kt cir Qgst gstgrk grk nssfstnk`g ik tmg ariukbs tmnt Qgstgrk mgop `iegs wftm tii enky `ikbftfiks. Fk bifka si, tmgy wiuob efss iut ik n siur`g ic cukbfka tmnt `iuob ognb ti oika-tgre g`ikief` g`ikief` mgnotm. Ft fs kit oist ik idsgrvgrs tmnt wmfog @mfkgsg cukbs mnvg piurgb fkti vfrtunooy gvgry `irkgr ic Ncrf`n, kgnroy 17 pgr`gkt ic tmg fkvgstegkts mnvg aikg ti just >8 `iuktrfgs, neika wmf`m ikoy ikg, Piutm Ncrf`n, fs `onssfgb ns ‟crgg― fk Crggbie Miusg‖s
48>= Crggbie fk tmg Qirob rgpirt. Rmg Wkftgb Ptntgs nkb fts pnrtkgrs smiuob kit dg knfvg ndiut @mfkn‖s nbvnk`g n`riss tmg `iktfkgkt, dut tmgy smiuob kit vfgw fts rfvno‖s fkviovgegkt ns n zgri-sue aneg, gftmgr‒kitt ognst dg`nusg Ncrf`nks wiuob gftmgr‒ki kit wgo`ieg su`m nk npprin`m. Rmg wirob stnkbs ti anfk crie @mfkn‖s gkanagegkt fk Ncrf`n. @mfkn fs tmg ikoy aoidno n`tir tmnt fs rgnofstf`nooy `npndog ic rgofgvfka (ir, nt ognst ti bntg, mns gvgk smiwk fktgrgst fk) tn`lofka Ncrf`n‖s gkireius fkcrnstru`turg bg`ft,
gspg`fnooy fk piwgr nkb trnkspirt, wmf`m wfoo `ist n stnaagrfka $68 dfoofik gvgry ygnr cir tmg kgxt bg`nbg ti nbbrgss. Nkb @mfkn kggbs Ncrf`n‖s knturno rgsiur`gs nkb gxpirt enrlgts ti cugo fts iwk ariwtm. Dut tmg pnrtkgrsmfp wfoo ikoy pny i
fc tmg fkcrnstru`turg prijg`ts tmnt @mfkn ukbgrwrftgss nrg mfam-qunofty, `ieegr`fnooy ukbgrwrftg siukb, si`fnooy rgspiksfdog, nkb wgoo-enknagb. Nkb tmgrg fs ki rgnsik tmgy `nk‖t dg. Miwgvgr, Miwgv gr, ft fs up ti Ncrf`nk ognbgrs ti brfvg mnrbgr dnranfks nkb Ncrf`nk pudof`s ti bgenkb trnkspnrgk`y fk tmg tgres ic `iktrn`ts, gspg`fnooy wmgrg onkb ir `ieeibfty cuturgs nrg nt stnlg. Rmg eirg `iepgtftirs tmgrg nrg fk tmg nfb spn`g, tmg gnsfgr tmnt wfoo dg.. dg Rmg Rruep nbefkfstrntfik‖s Kntfikno Pg`urfty Ptrntgay rg`iakfsgs Ncrf`n‖s g`ikief` pitgktfno nkb n strntgaf` kggb ti privfbg nk notgrkntfvg ti @mfkn‖s ‟ictgk gxtrn`tfvg g`ikief` ciitprfkt― ik tmg `iktfkgkt. Rmfs fs noo wgoo nkb aiib, dut ft nssuegs tmnt W.P. dusfkgssgs wfoo dg prgsgkt nkb gkanagb n`riss Ncrf`n noikasfbg Negrf`n‖s bfpoients, bgvgoipegkt spg`fnofsts, nkb efoftnry pgrsikkgo fk wnys tmnt tmgy `urrgktoy nrg kit. Fc Ncrf`nk ognbgrs nrg pnrtyfka‒nkb sfakfka bgnos‒fk Dgfjfka, ft fs dg`nusg tmgy kggb wmnt tmisg pnrtkgrsmfps priefsg. Ft fs fk gvgryikg‖s fktgrgst tmnt tmg Wkftgb Ptntgs nkb itmgr bgvgoipgb `iuktrfgs ditm ent`m tmisg eivgs nkb rnfsg tmge ns wgoo. Piur`g: CX Ikofkg Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
4>
TQNKBN
Twnkbn‖s pnrofnegktnry pioos TXC, wiegk biefkntg, fkbgpgkbgkts nanfk ip Dy Jimk Ednrnan
wnkbn‖s ruofka pnrty, tmg Twnkbn Xntrfitf` Crikt (TXC)Fklitnkyf, wfoo `iktfkug fts biefknk`g ic oi`no tmg pioftf`no nrgkn ciooiwfka fts onkbsofbg vf`tiry fk tmg Pgpt.80 pnrofnegktnry pioos. Twnkbnks ofvfka fk tmg bfnspirn `nst tmg dnooits ik Pgpt.84. Pgpt.84. Xrgofefknry rgsuots crie tmg Kntfikno Gog`tirno @ieefssfik (KG@) fkbf`ntg tmnt tmg kuedgr ic wiegk EXs mns rfsgk dy ivgr 0 pgr`gktnag pifkts wmfog fkbgpgkbgkts wgkt mieg gepty-mnkbgb ns kikg sg`urgb tmg efkfeue 7% ic tmg titno vitg tnooy tmnt gktftogs nky `iktgstnkt ti wfk n sgnt. Rmg ruofka pnrty s`iipgb ivgr 12% ic tmg vitgs nkb tmg itmgr pnrtfgs cnrgb
T
44
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
bfsenooy wftm pgr`gktnags rnkafka crie 7 ti 6% ic tmg vitgs `nst. Rmg prgofefknry rgsuots crie KG@ fkbf`ntg tmnt tmg `inoftfik ogb dy TXCFklitnkyf sg`urgb enjirfty sgnts up cir arnds fk bfrg`t pioos wftm 12% fk tmg Pgpt.80< Pi`fno Bgei`rntf` Xnrty (XPB) 6%< Ofdgrno Xnrty (XO) wik 1%< Bgei`rntf` Arggk Xnrty ic Twnkbn (BAXT) nkb Pi`fno Xnrty (XP)-Fedgrnlurf anrkgrgb 7% ic tmg vitgs gn`m, smiwfka n `iktfkugb bfseno pgrcirenk`g crie ippisftfik ariups.
Tgprgsgktntfik fk 2tm pnrofnegkt
Rmg @mnfrpgrsik ic KG@, Xric. Lnofsn Ednkbn, nkkiuk`gb prgofefknry rgsuots nt tmg Kntfikno Gog`tirno @ieefssfik mgnbqunrtgrs fk Lfanof. Mg snfb tmg rgsuots egnk tmnt neika
pioftf`no pnrtfgs wmf`m anrkgrgb 7% ic tmg vitgs, XO ait ciur sgnts, TXC 28 sgnts, BAXT twi sgnts, XPB vg sgnts nkb
XP-Fedgrnlurf wftm twi sgnts. XP-Fedgrnlurf Rmgrg wfoo dg >8 pioftf`no pnrtfgs rgprgsgktgb fk tmg `iefka pnrofnegkt - TXC-Fklitnkyf, Fbgno Bgei`rntf` Xnrty (XBF), @gktrfst Bgei`rntf` Xnrty (XB@), Bgei`rntf` Wkfik ic Twnkbgsg Xgipog (WBXT), Xnrty cir Xriargss nkb @ik`irb (XX@), XPB, XO, BAXT nkb XP-Fedgrnlurf. Rmgrg nrg gogvgk pioftf`no pnrtfgs ipgrntfka fk Twnkbn nkb ikoy tmg Twnkbnk Pi`fnofst Xnrty (XPT), wmf`m mnb dggk fk `inoftfik wftm TXC, wfoo kit dg rgprgsgktgb rgprgsgktgb fk tmg Miusg. Miusg. Agkgrnooy, tmg ciurtm ogafsontfvg nssgedoy wfoo dg enbg ic 72 (31.7%) cgenog ogafsontirs iut ic =8 EXs, wmfog
TQNKBN
egk wfoo dg 43 (04.7%). Fk tmg pnst nssgedoy, wiegk wgrg i``upyfka 32% ic sgnts. Xgrsiks wftm bfsndfoftfgs gog`tgb Guagkg Eussiofkf (17.3%) ns tmgfr kgxt rgprgsgktntfvg rgprgsgkt ntfvg fk pnrofnegkt< nkb Grkgstg Lnenkzf nkb @onrfssg Enkfrfmi wfoo rgprgsgkt yiutm nkb wiegk spg`fno fktgrgst ariups fk pnrofnegkt. Lnenkzf mnb 33.=% ic tmg vitgs, wmfog Enkfrfmi ait 74.6%. Cir fkbgpgkbgkts, Xmfofppg Epnyfenkn s`irgb n oiwoy 8.=1%, nkb itmgr fkbgpgkbgkts - Jnkvfgr Ksgkafyuevn nkb Gofssne Pnofe Ktfdnkygkbgrn ait 8.8>% npfg`g nkb Nooy Mussgfk Pgdnagkzf 8.82%.
Mipgs cir fkbgpgkbgkts `rnsmgb
Rmg oiss cir fkbgpgkbgk fkbgpgkbgktt `nkbfbntgs, fk`oubfka ciregr prgsfbgktfno `nkbfbntg, Xmfofppg Epnyfenkn, `iktfkugb tmg biefknk`g ic pnrtfgs fk Twnkbn‖s pioftf`no spn`g. Rmg fkbgpgkbgkts mnvg pnrtoy nrfdutgb tmgfr piir pgrcirenk`g
ti ukcnfr nkb rfafb rgqufrgegkts nkb
fktgrcgrgk`g dy gog`tirno diby i`fnos.
Epnyfenkn snfb sieg ic tmg gog`tirno
`ieefssfik stn prgvgktgb mfs gog`tirno
nagkts crie ‟cuooy eikftirfka tmg gog`tirno pri`gss―. ‟Rmiuam F bgogantgb cgw nagkts burfka tmfs pioofka pgrfib, sieg sftgs wgrg bgkyfka tmge n``gss ti vitfka riies dy rgqugstfka ukkg`gssnry bi`uegkts,― mg snfb. ‟F wfsm tmnt
gog`tirno `ieefssfik stn smiuob rg-rgnb
nkb ukbgrstnkb tmg fkstru`tfiks pripgroy ti nvifb su`m fk`fbgkts fk cuturg gog`tfiks.―
@noos cir rgvfgw ic rgqufrgegkts
Epnyfenkn n``gptgb tmg iut`ieg ic tmg pioo, dut mg snfb mg wns bfsnppifktgb tmnt ki fkbgpgkbgkt `nkbfbntg mnb enbg ft ti pnrofnegkt pnrofnegkt.. N``irbfka ti mfe, mnvfka fkbgpgkbgkt EXs fk tmg Miusg wiuob mnvg `rgntgb kgw bnwk cir Twnkbn‖s yiuka bgei`rn`y. ‟Ft fs ic argnt vnoug cir fkbgpgkbgkts ti ai ti pnrofnegkt nkb `ioondirntg wftm pioftf`no pnrtfgs,― mg snfb, ‟Rmfs wiuob drfka kgw nteispmgrg fk Twnkbn‖s Twnkbn‖s bgei`rn`y.― Epnyfenkn mnb, nctgr `nstfka mfs vitg nt @nep Lfanof pioofka stntfik fk Kynruagkag Bfstrf`t, snfb tmnt cir tmg dgkgt ic bgei`rn`y, n rgvfgw ic tmg
gog`tirno aufbgofkgs nkb rgqufrgegkts wns kggbgb cir cuturg gog`tfiks. ‟Qg nrg stfoo smnpfka iur bgei`rn`y, tmnt fs wmy F suaagst tmnt gvgry gog`tfiks wiuob dg eirg crgg nkb mnvg enky `nkbfbntgs, ditm fkbgpgkbgkts nkb pioftf`no pnrtfgs `iktgstfka,― mg snfb. Epnyfenkn snfb tmnt mg wiuob `iktfkug mfs pioftf`s tmriuam wrftfkas nkb egbfn `nepnfaks ns wgoo ns
`iipgrntfka wftm pnrtfgs fk nkb iut ic pnrofnekgt. Fk fktgrvfgw wftm Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt, Nooy Mussgfk Pgdnagkzf, nkitmgr
oi`no nutmirftfgs wgrg nt ognst 67% `iipgrntfvg. ‟Qmgrg wg mnb senoo fssugs, tmgy wgrg quf`loy rgsiovgb,― mg snfb.
fkbgpgkbgkt `nkbfbntg, `noogb cir `ufka
Sitgrs‖ gxpg`tntfiks crie fk`iefka ogafsontirs
>.7%. Mg `ieefgb ti wirlfka mnrb
Dgntn Lndnawfrn, n Ansndi rgsfbgkt, snfb tmnt kgw pnrofnegktnrfnks smiuob wirl `oisgoy wftm tmg gog`tirntg ti ukbgrstnkb tmgfr pridoges. ‟Rmgy smiuob nownys ai ti tmg arnssriits nkb ofstgk ti pgipog‖s pridoges fc wg nrg ti `iksiofbntg tmg bgvgoipegkt anfks enbg si cnr nkb nosi eivg cirwnrb,― smg snfb. Cir Dis`i Nandn, 41, nkb egedgr ic tmg TXC-Fklitnkyf, tmg gog`tgb EXs smiuob ci`us ik piof`fgs tmnt `rgntg gepoiyegkt. Mg snfb ukgepoiyegkt fs tmg enfk `mnoogkag cn`fka yiuka pgipog. N``irbfka ti Ndbuo Kfyieuandi, n rgsfbgkt ic Kynruagkag bfstrf`t, enky tmfkas wgrg bikg dy tmg pnst ogafsonturg dut pgipog nownys gxpg`t gxpg`t n aiib jid cir tmgfr bgvgoipegkt nkb tmnt ic tmg `iuktry. ‟Qg mnvg enky gxpg`tntfiks nkb wg dgofgvg tmnt tmgy wfoo wfoo mgop us ti n`mfgvg n`mfgvg tmge,― mg snfb.
ic tmg efkfeue pgr`gktnag rgqufrgegkt cir nky fkbfvfbuno `nkbfbntg ti wfk n sgnt crie 7% prgsgktoy ti nt ognst
tiwnrbs cuturg su``gss, nkb nosi tmnklgb Twnkbnks cir tmgfr suppirt bgspftg cnfourg ti enlg ft ti pnrofnegkt.
Gn`m pnrty ir fkbgpgkbgkt `nkbfbntg tmnt agts
7% ic noo vitgs `nst kntfikwfbg wfks n sgnt fk pnrofnegkt XP-Fedgrnlurf cir qunofty gbu`ntfik, mgnotm XP-Fedgrnlurf XP-Fedgrnl urf ognbgr, @mrfstfkg Eulnduknkf, tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt tmgy nrg mnppy wftm tmg iut`ieg ic tmg gog`tfik. ‟Qg tmnkl pgipog wmi vitgb cir us, wg wgrg wgoo prgpnrgb sfk`g tmg pnst pnrofnegktnry pioos fk 48>0, wg `ikbu`tgb bfgrgkt `nepnfaks ns wgoo
ns eidfofzfka iur suppirtgrs. Iur enkfcgsti fk`oubgb feprivfka tmg qunofty ic gbu`ntfik tmriuam rnfsfka tgn`mgrs‖ pnyegkt, mnreikfsfka mgnotm fksurnk`g (Eutugoog bg Pnktg) cir pnyfka egbf`negkts fk pmnren`fgs,― mg gxponfkgb. Rmg mgnb ic BAXT, Br. Crnkl Mndfkgzn, mnb mipgb ti anrkgr 48% ic sgnts up cir arnds, dut snfb tmg pnrty wns ‟mnppy wftm wmnt Twnkbnks mnvg afvgk us―. Rmg ciregr prgsfbgktfno `nkbfbntg fk 48>1 gog`tfiks `ieegkbgb tmg gog`tirno pri`gss nkb `nepnfak, snyfka tmnt ft wns onragoy fk`fbgkt crgg. ‟Rmg `nepnfak wns vgry su``gsscuo< wg wgrg ndog ti miob rnoofgs fk 47 bfstrf`ts ns wgoo ns sgkbfka iur `nepnfak
Wkbgrstnkbfka tmg Twnkbn‖s EX pioos
Rmgrg nrg =8 sgnts fk tmg @mnedgr ic Bgputfgs, wmi nrg gog`tgb tmriuam twi egtmibs: 70 sgnts nrg bfrg`toy gog`tgb dy ukfvgrs uk fvgrsno no succr s uccrnag nag fk n sfka sfkaog og kntfikwfbg `ikstftugk`y, wftm nk gog`tirno tmrgsmiob ic 7%< nkb sgnts nrg nooi`ntgb usfka tmg onragst rgenfkbgr egtmib. Rmfs egnks tmg `iuktry fs `iksfbgrgb ti dg ikg kntfikwfbg `ikstftugk`y nkb vitgrs `nst dnooits cir pnrtfgs nkb kit fkbfvfbunos. Gn`m pnrty ir fkbgpgkbgkt `nkbfbntg tmnt agts 7% ic noo vitgs `nst kntfikwfbg wfks n sgnt fk pnrofnegkt. Rmg =8 sgnts nrg nooi`ntgb dnsgb ik wmnt pirtfik ic tmg kntfikwfbg vitg gn`m pnrty ir fkbgpgkbgkt `nkbfbntg wfks. Cir tmfs ti mnppgk, gn`m pnrty sudefts n ofst ic fts =8 nspfrnkts ti tmg Kntfikno Gog`tirno @ieefssfik. Nctgr tmg gog`tfik, tmg sgnts nrg nooi`ntgb dnsgb ik tmg pisftfik tmg nspfrnkts i``upy ik tmgfr pnrty ofst, stnrtfka nt tmg tip. Rmg rgenfkfka 41 sgnts nrg fkbfrg`toy gog`tgb dy oi`no nkb kntfikno `iuk`fos. Ic tmgsg, 42 sgnts nrg rgsgrvgb cir wiegk, twi cir rgprgsgktntfvgs ic yiutm, nkb ikg cir tmg XQBs. Rmfs ygnr‖s pnrofnegktnry pioos `ist Twc7.2 dfoofik, n``irbfka ti KG@ nkb wftm 1.4 efoofik Twnkbnks `nstfka tmgfr vitgs.
eidfofsgrs fk tmg rgenfkfka vg bfstrf`ts
wftmiut nky sgrfius fk`fbgkt. Mg snfb
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
40
TQNKBN
Kgw onw drfkas stndfofty fk efkfka sg`tir Aivgrkegkt pudofsmgb n kgw onw ik efkfka nkb qunrry ipgrntfiks ik Nua.>0 wmf`m sieg fkbustry ponygrs sny fs nktf-dusfkgss nkb smiuob dg rgvfgwgb. Dut tmg efkgs dinrb, tmg sg`tir rgauontir, snys tmg kgw onw fs dusfkgss-crfgkboy nkb sggls ti trnkscire tmg sg`tir, gksurg stndfofty, nkb nttrn`t kgw fkvgstirs. Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt‖s Ptgpmgk Kuwnafrn spilg Kuwnafrn spilg ti Crnk`fs Antnrg, Antnrg, tmg Twnkbn Efkgs, Xgtriogue & Ans Dinrb @GI nkb @ndfkgt egedgr, ti bfs`uss tmg kgw onw.
Rmg kgw onw mns rnfsgb `ik`grk neika sieg sg`tir ponygrs. @nk yiu pognsg gxponfk wmnt fkugk`gb fts enlfka nkb wmnt ft gktnfos9
mg kgw onw `neg iut ic twi pri`gssgs. Cfrstoy, wg mnb dggk ukbgrtnlfka rgcire ic tmg efkfka sg`tir, stnrtfka wftm tmg gstndofsmegkt ic tmg efkfka dinrb ns aivgrkegkt eivgb ti put kgw eiegktue fkti tmg sg`tir. Qmgk tmfs dinrb wns gstndofsmgb, wg wgrg afvgk tmg enkbntg ti trnkscire tmg efkfka sg`tir, wmf`m rgqufrgb us ti rgvfgw iur gktfrg piof`y nkb rgauontiry crnegwirls. Ri n`mfgvg tmfs, wg mgob n kuedgr ic wirlsmips wftm stnlgmiobgrs, fk`oubfka egedgrs ic Twnkbn Efkfka Nssi`fntfik (TEN), (T EN), ti rgvfgw tmg piof`y. Qg nosi fkvftgb tmg Ncrf`nk Efkfka Sfsfik tgne crie tmg Ncrf`nk Wkfik nkb WK G`ikief` @ikvgktfik cir Ncrf`n gxpgrts ti nosi `ieg nkb `iktrfdutg fk tmg bfs`ussfik. Pg`ikboy, wmgk tmg `ikstftutfik wns rgvfgwgb fk 48>7, ikg privfsfik rgqufrgb sieg `mnkags fk tmg Xgkno @ibg ic Twnkbn wmf`m snw sieg ic
R
tmg sg`tirno igk`gs, drgn`mgs nkb
pgknotfgs dgfka rgeivgb nkb fktgarntgb fkti sg`tirno onws. Viu eny mnvg sggk tmfs fk vnrfius onws tmnt `iuob mnvg `ieg iut rg`gktoy< wmgtmgr ft‖s tmg gkvfrikegktno onw, onkb onw nkb itmgr sg`tirno onws tmnt mnvg mnb spg`f` igk`gs nkb pgknotfgs
fk tmg Xgkno @ibg tmnt mnvg sfk`g dggk rgeivgb. Oflg tmgsg sg`tirno onws, tmgrg wgrg sieg igk`gs nkb
pgknotfgs nssi`fntgb wftm tmg efkfka sg`tir tmnt prgvfiusoy wgrg fk tmg X@ nkb kggbgb ti dg fktgarntgb fkti tmg efkfka onw. Rmfs nosi `ifk`fbgb wftm tmg rgvfgw ic tmg efkfka 42
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
fkbustry piof`fgs. Rmg `mnkags fk tmfs kgw onw `ieg crie tmisg twi pri`gssgs< nkb tmgrg nrg nspg`ts tmnt mnvg ti bi wftm drgn`mgs nkb nbefkfstrntfvg snk`tfiks, ns wgoo ns igk`gs nkb
pgknotfgs tmnt wgrg prgvfiusoy fk tmg Xgkno @ibg. Fk nbbftfik, tmgrg nrg sieg kgw fktribu`tfiks fk kgw onw, wmf`m nrg ic n piof`y knturg tmnt rgsuotgb crie tmg rgcires tmnt mnvg dggk ikaifka enky ic wmf`m wgrg bfs`ussgb fk tmg ncirgegktfikgb wirlsmips. Qmnt wgrg tmg enfk idjg`tfvgs ic tmg kgw onw tmnt mns rnfsgb n oit ic efxgb rgn`tfiks9
Agkgrnooy, tmg idjg`tfvgs ic tmg kgw onw `gktrgb nriukb n kuedgr ic bfgrgkt fbgns< wg
wnktgb ti fktribu`g Xgkno @ibg privfsfiks fkti tmg onw ns pgr `ikstftutfik< wg nosi
TQNKBN
kggbgb ti strgneofkg enky nspg`ts ti bi wftm tmg of`gksfka, rfamts nkb idofantfiks ic of`gksgb ipgrntirs< wmgtmgr tmgrg nrg of`gksgb ti `nrry iut gxpoirntfik, efkfka, trnbfka gt`.< wg nosi mnb ti strgneofkg tmg knturg ic of`gk`gs dg`nusg tmgrg mnb dggk bfgrgkt fbgns ik miw of`gksfka smiuob
dg bikg. Pi yiu wfoo sgg n eirg ridust of`gksfka rgafeg tmnt `ognroy iutofkgs tmg rfamts, prfvfogags nkb idofantfiks ic of`gk`g miobgrs. Nkitmgr fepirtnkt cn`tir fs tmnt wg wnktgb ti afvg spg`f` ngktfik ti
qunrryfka. Fk tmg prgvfius onw, wg mnb kit ygt nrtf`uontgb tmg rgspiksfdfoftfgs ic oi`no aivgrkegkts nkb tmisg ic `gktrno aivgrkegkt nkb miw wg wirl tiagtmgr fk fssufka of`gk`gs nkb `nrry iut rgauontfik afvgk tmg bfgrgkt onygrs
tmnt fktgrn`t wftm qunrry. Fk nbbftfik, efkfka nkb qunrryfka n`tfvftfgs tnlg pon`g fk n pmysf`no gkvfrikegkt tmnt agts notgrgb< nkb si tmfs kgw onw kggbgb ti strgneofkg tmg rgontfiksmfp dgtwggk efkfka nkb tmg gkvfrikegkt nkb tmg rgspiksfdfoftfgs (ti tmg gkvfrikegkt) ic tmisg ic us fk tmg sg`tir. Nctgr noo, wmfog efkfka fs ukbgrtnlgk dy prfvntg fkbfvfbunos, tmg gkvfrikegkt dgoikas ti tmg pudof` nkb fc ft fs fktgrcgrgb wftm, tmfs mns nk fepn`t ik gvgryikg fk si`fgty. Nkb si ft‖s tmg riog ic tmg rgauontir ti gksurg
tmnt tmg fktgrgst ic efkfka res bigs kit nbvgrsgoy ng`t tmg wgoodgfka ic tmg agkgrno pudof` wmi dgkgt crie tmg
gkvfrikegkt. Rmnt‖s wmy tmg kgw onw kggbgb ti drfka iut tmg onw rgontfiksmfp dgtwggk efkfka `iepnkfgs nkb gkvfrikegkt vgry `ognroy. Rmg itmgr fepirtnkt nspg`t fs tmg mgnotm nkb sncgty ic efkg wirlgrs. Efkfka mns spg`fno `iksfbgrntfik cir mgnotm nkb sncgty dg`nusg ft tnlgs pon`g fk n pitgktfnooy bnkagrius gkvfrikegkt ‐ wirlfka ukbgrariukb fk tukkgos ictgk wftm ofeftgb ofamt ir nfr, ir wftm wirlgrs ipgrntfka mgnvy gqufpegkt nkb siegtfegs usfka gxpoisfvgs ti donst ri`ls. Noo tmgsg
`iuob pitgktfnooy mnvg mnrecuo gg`ts
ti tmg mgnotm nkb sncgty ic efkgrs. Fk cn`t, tmg sg`tir `nk nosi siegtfegs
mnvg nbvgrsg gg`ts ik tmg mgnotm nkb
sncgty ic `ieeukftfgs nriukb efkgs. Rmnt‖s wmy ft fs fepirtnkt ti nrtf`uontg tmg rgauontiry crnegwirl ti gksurg tmg mgnotm nkb sncgty ic gvgryikg `ik`grkgb. Cfknooy, tmg onw siuamt ti gksurg tmnt efkfka `iktrfdutgs ti tmg bgvgoipegkt ic iur `iuktry. Pi tmg rgontfiksmfp dgtwggk aivgrkegkt nkb sg`tir ponygrs, pnrtf`uonroy rgvgkug agkgrntfik, gepoiyegkt nkb jid-`rgntfik, nkb `iktrfdutfik ti fkbustrfnofsntfik ic tmg `iuktry, kggbgb ti dg nrtf`uontgb fk tmg kgw onw ti gksurg tmg sg`tir `iktrfdutgs ti tmg bgvgoipegkt ic iur `iuktry. Miwgvgr, tmgrg mns ti dg n dnonk`g dgtwggk tmg t mg dgkgt dgkg t ti tmg fkvgstirs fk vgstirs wmi wm i
put fk tmgfr eikgy ti `nrry iut efkfka
nkb dgkgt ti tmg g`ikiey. Agkgrnooy,
tmg kgw onw gkndogs tmg rgauontir ti enknag tmg sg`tir pripgroy< ft‖s n vgry `iepgtftfvg onw tmnt wns brnctgb wftm stndfofty fk efkb. Pg`tir ponygrs rnfsgb `ik`grk ndiut Nrtf`og 77 nkb nrg norgnby `noofka cir fts rgvfgw. Qmnt bi yiu sny ti tmgsg `ik`grks9
Viu eny kitf`g tmnt wmnt tmg efkfka
res nrg `ieegktfka ik eistoy fs tmg igksgs nkb pgknotfgs nspg`t<
tmfs fs vgry fktgrgstfka dg`nusg ft‖s kit n kgw privfsfik. N`tunooy, F wns quftg surprfsgb tmnt tmgy rnfsgb tmfs fssug dg`nusg tmg Xgkno @ibg wns eirg strikaoy wirbgb tmnk tmg kgw onw. Cir fkstnk`g, ik tmg fssug ic `rfefknofsntfik ic n``fbgkts, tmg Xgkno @ibg privfbgb cir ofcg feprfsikegkt, dut wg kggbgb ti enlg ft eirg ei rg dusfkgss crfgkboy. Pi, enky ic tmg efkfka n``fbgkts ir drgn`mgs ic stnkbnrbs tmnt wfoo i``ur wfoo eist oflgoy cnoo ukbgr nbefkfstrntfvg snk`tfiks, dut kit `rfefkno snk`tfiks. Miwgvgr, wmgk siegikg mns dggk fkjurgb< gxtrgeg gkvfrikegkt bgarnbntfik ir wntgr `iktnefkntfik mns mnppgkgb ir bgntm i``urs< ogt‖s nsl iursgovgs tmfs qugstfik< fk tmg gvgkt tmnt n efkfka re
`iktrfdutgs bgofdgrntgoy ir kgaofagktoy ti tmgsg n``fbgkts, smiuob nkyikg rgnooy gxpg`t tmnt tmgrg smiuob kit dg nky `iksgqugk`g9 Nctgr noo, tmfs fs miw si`fgty fs aivgrkgb. Qmgk fkbfvfbunos mnvg gftmgr wfoocuooy, kgaofagktoy ir itmgrwfsg `iktrfdutgb ti su`m n``fbgkts, tmgy mnvg ti dg n``iuktndog. Ft‖s fk tmnt `iktgxt, dut tmnt ogvgo ic n``iuktndfofty n``iu ktndfofty fs bg`fbgb ik dy tmg `iurts, ft‖s kit cir us ir nky fkbfvfbuno ti bg`fbg. Pi, tmgrg fs ki
`rfefknofsntfik ic efkfka n``fbgkts, dut wmgk `iurts bg`fbg tmnt tmg fkbfvfbunos nrg `uopndog, tmgk tmgy kggb ti dg n``iuktndog. Pi, tmg kgw onw fs tfegoy nkb wg dgofgvg ft wfoo mgop enlg tmg sg`tir sncgr cir noo stnlgmiobgrs dg`nusg ft fs prieitfka prgvgktfik. Rmfs fs nanfkst tmg dn`lbrip ic tmg eirg tmnk 68 cntnoftfgs `nusgb dy efkfka n`tfvftfgs fk Twnkbn onst ygnr. Dut tmgrg nrg rnrgoy nky bgntms rgpirtgb fk itmgr `iuktrfgs dg`nusg tmgy fkvgst eirg fk sncgty egnsurgs, nkb usg eibgrk tiios. Pi, tmgrg wfoo dg n `ist c ir res tmnt wik‖t
`iepoy wftm tmg onw< dut wg wfoo wirl wftm ponygrs ti mgop tmge n`mfgvg wmnt fs rgqufrgb dy rgauontfik. Efkfka `iepnkfgs mnvg dggk `ieponfkfka cir oika ndiut tmg rgou`tnk`g dy dnkls ti cukb tmgfr n`tfvftfgs. Qmy bigs aivgrkegkt put fk pon`g n cukb ti suppirt efkgrs oflg ft mns bikg cir rgno gstntg sg`tir9 Ft fs stfoo bf`uot ti knk`g tmg efkfka
fkbustry dg`nusg ic nrtfsnkno efkfka nkb nrtfsnkno efkbsgt< nkb tmg ikoy wny cir res ti n``gss cukbs kiw fs
dy privfbfka `ioontgrno. `ioontgrno . Miwgvgr, fc
res ipgrntgb pricgssfiknooy, ft wiuob
dg gnsy ti agt cukbfka. Cir fkstnk`g, fc yiu `ikbu`t agioiaf`no stubfgs ti lkiw tmg gstfentgb viouegs ic tmg rgsiur`g fk yiur `ik`gssfik, yiu `nk usg tmg bntn ti nrn`t knk`grs. Rmnt‖s wmy
wg eust eivg tiwnrb tmnt bfrg`tfik (pricgssfiknofsfka sg`tir) fk tmg oikatgre, nkb aivgrkegkt fs mgopfka ti `ikbu`t agioiaf`no gxpoirntfik nkb nosi fk rgpntrfntfik ic agioiaf`no fkcirentfik crie Dgoafue‖s Eusgue ic @gktrno Ncrf`n. Itmgrwfsg, ft fs kiw mnrb cir aivgrkegkt ti put fk pon`g n cukb ti suppirt tmg sg`tir wmgk tmgrg fs oiw fkcirentfik ik viouegs ic bgpisfts ic tmg bfgrgkt efkgrno rgsiur`gs. Miw cnr fs tmg rgpntrfntfik gxgr`fsg ic Twnkbn‖s agioiaf`no bntn crie Dgoafue dy tmg efkgs dinrb9
Rmg agioiaf`no fkcirentfik tmnt wfoo siik dg rgpntrfntgb crie Dgoafue‖s D goafue‖s Eusgue ic @gktrno Ncrf`n fk`oubg bi`uegkts, enps, rgpirts ic efkfka res tmnt wgrg wirlfka fk Twnkbn
burfka `ioikfno tfegs, wmf`m afvgs tmgfr vfgws ik tmg sg`tir. Rmgrg nrg nosi sifo snepogs `ioog`tgb dy WKBX crie n`riss tmg `iuktry wmf`m wg dgofgvg wfoo dg vgry usgcuo aifka cirwnrb. Fk cn`t, sieg ic tmfs fkcirentfik wfoo dg fepirtnkt cir trnfkfka fk agioiaf`no stubfgs fk `ioogags nkb ukfvgrsftfgs. Rmgrg nrg noeist 28,888 bi`uegkts b i`uegkts notiagtmgr tmnt wfoo dg rgpntrfntgb.
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
47
TQNKBN
Viutm V iutm wfoo trnkscire Ncrf`n‖s narf`uoturg, snys Lnaneg Dy Ptgpmgk Kuwnafrn
Rmg tmgeg ic tmg rg`gkt Ncrf`nk Arggk Tgvioutfik Cirue (NATC 48>=) Xrgsfbgktfno Pueeft fk Lfanof, Twnkbn, wns tmrgg-prikagb: ‟Ognb. Egnsurg. Ariw― ns tmg gkndofka kgw pntmwnys ti turk senoomiobgr cnregrs fkti sustnfkndog narfdusfkgssgs.
k tmg gkb, miwgvgr, tmg enfk bfs`ussfik `gktrgb ik wmi wiuob ognb tmg trnkscirentfik. Rmg mist, Xrgsfbgkt Xnuo Lnaneg ogb wftm n tmiuamtcuo nknoysfs ic tmg riog ic tmg vnrfius ponygrs. Mg snfb ft fs up ti Ncrf`n‖s piof`y-enlgrs, piof`y-enlgrs, s`fgktfsts nkb gktrgprgkgurs ti enlg narf-
F
`uoturg eirg pribu`tfvg nkb nrn`tfvg,
gspg`fnooy ti tmg yiutm,
Mg snfb fc tmg pioftf`no nkb s`fgktf`
ognbgrsmfp nt tmg kntfikno ogvgo `rgntg nk gkndofka gkvfrikegkt gkvfrikegkt cir narf`uoturg, ft wfoo ukognsm fts gkireius pitgktfno. Lnaneg kitgb tmnt narf`uoturg wns tmg `irkgrstikg ic Ncrf`n‖s prispgrfty prispgrfty nkb ic iur `mfobrgk‖s mgnotm nkb kutrftfik, gssgktfno cir survfvno, nkb brfvgr ic noo tmnt Ncrf`nks
43
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
nrg tryfka ti bi fk tgres ic muenk nkb g`ikief` bgvgoipegkt. ‟Rmg cn`t tmnt tmg enjirfty ic tmg pgipog ik tmg `iktfkgkt stfoo gnrk tmgfr ofvgofmiib bfrg`toy ir fkbfrg`toy crie tmg onkb `noos cir `ik`grtgb girts neika Ncrf`n‖s piof`y-
enlgrs, s`fgktfsts nkb gktrgprgkgurs ti
enlg ft eirg pribu`tfvg nkb nrn`tfvg,
gspg`fnooy ti tmg yiutm,― mg snfb. Rmg (NATC 48>=) Xrgsfbgktfno Pueeft wns mgob nt tmg Lfanof @ikvgktfik @gktrg onst wgglgkb. Xrgsfbgkt Knkn Nluci-Nbbi ic Amnkn, Lgkyn‖s Bgputy Xrgsfbgkt Qfoofne Tuti, Andikgsg Xrfeg Efkfstgr Geenkugo Fssizg-Kaikbgt, Fssizg-Kaik bgt, nkb ciregr Drftfsm prgefgr Riky Donfr, ngkbgb.
NATC fs n pontcire tmnt drfkas tiagtmgr
n rnkag ic `rftf`no fkbfvfbunos nkb dibfgs fk tmg Ncrf`nk narf`uoturno vnoug `mnfk. Rmgy fk`oubg rgsgnr`mgrs, piof`y-enlgrs nkb dusfkg dus fkgss ss nkb pio pioftf ftf`no `no ogn ognbgr bgrs. s. Rmg cirue bfs`ussgs nkb `ieefts ti priarneegs, fkvgstegkts, fkvgstegkts, nkb piof`fgs tmnt `nk `iuktgr tmg enjir `mnoogkags ng`tfka tmg
narf`uoturg sg`tir ik tmg `iktfkgkt. Rmg NATC48>= wns mgob ukbgr tmg tmgeg, ‟Ognb. Egnsurg. Ariw: Gkndofka kgw pntmwnys ti turk senoomiobgrs fkti sustnfkndog narfdusfkgssgs―.
Lnaneg nosi strgssgb tmnt dggr `iirbf kntfik wftmfk aivgrkegkts nkb strika ofkls neika piof`y-enlgrs, s`fgktf` rgsgnr`mgrs, knk`fno fkstftutfiks nkb fkvgstirs wgrg
gssgktfno ti tmg bgvgoipegkt ic tmg sg`tir nkb cnregr suppirt. ‟Rmgrgcirg, wg mnvg ti
TQNKBN
enlg surg tmnt Ncrf`n‖s cnregrs nrg agfka
tmg eist iut ic tmg enky aiib pnrtkgrsmfps tmnt mnvg norgnby dggk sgt up fk tmfs g`isystge,― mg snfb. Rmg prgsfbgkt nosi `noogb cir tmg rgvftnofsntfik ic tmg narf`uoturno gxtgksfik gxtgksfik sgrvf`gs ‟ns n engr ic uragk`y―.
Lnaneg snfb cnregrs kggb tmg eibgrk slfoos nkb sgrvf`gs ti fk`rgnsg tmgfr pribu`tfvfty, dggr enknag rfsls, nkb enlg tmg sg`tir eirg pritndog.
Egnsurfka narf` pgrcirenk`g
Xrgsfbgkt Lnaneg nosi uragb ognbgrs ti sustnfk tmg `iktfkgktno `ieeftegkt ti egnsurfka priargss nkb rgsuots usfka tmg Ncrf`nk Narf`uoturno Rrnkscirentfik P`irg`nrb `mnepfikgb `mnepfikg b dy ciregr Gtmfipfnk Xrfeg Efkfstgr Mnfogenrfne Bgsnogak. Rmg s`irg`nrb, mg nbbgb, wns nk fkvnoundog tiio dg`nusg ft lggps up tmg prgssurg ti bgofvgr ti `ftfzgks. Twnkbn‖s Xrfeg Efkfstgr Æbiunrb Kafrgktg mnb burfka tmg ipgkfka ic tmg cirue idsgrvgb tmnt ft wfoo rgqufrg strika egnsurgs ti trnksontg gxfstfka strntgafgs fkti tnkafdog n`tfiks ti tnlg tmg sg`tir ti tmg kgxt ogvgo. ‟Qftmiut ognbgrsmfp, egnsurgegkt, gvfbgk`g-dnsgb gvfbgk`g-d nsgb ponkkfka nkb n``iuktndfofty fk priarneeg fepogegktntfik, Ncrf`n wfoo kit dg ndog ti `iksiofbntg tmg eibgrkfsntfik ic fts narf`uoturg nkb nari-dusfkgssgs,― nari-dusfkgssgs,― Kafrgktg snfb.
Tiog ic prfvntg sg`tir
Rmg prgsfbgkt strgssgb tmg `gktrno riog ic tmg prfvntg sg`tir fk mgopfka tmg `iktfkgkt eggt fts pribu`tfik nkb itmgr tnragts. Mg snfb eirg Ncrf`nk aivgrkegkts nrg n`mfgvfka tmg kg`gssnry ogvgos ic pudof` spgkbfka narggb fk tmg @ieprgmgksfvg Ncrf`n Narf`uoturg Bgvgoipegkt Xriarneeg (@NNBX). Miwgvgr, ft fs gvfbgkt tmnt tmnt eist cukbfka cir narf`uoturg fs norgnby `iefka crie tmg prfvntg sg`tir, kit crie aivgrkegkts.
‟Twnkbn fs n prgy g`fgkt `iuktry
wmgk ft `iegs ti bifka dusfkgss,― mg snfb, ‟wg noo mnvg n rgspiksfdfofty ti gkb ciib fksg`urfty ik tmfs `iktfkgkt.― Rmfs rnooyfka `noo wns rgg`migb dy Twnkbn Efkfstgr ic Narf`uoturg nkb Nkfeno Tgsiur`gs, Br. Aærnrbfkg Eulgsmfenkn. Pmg snfb tmgrg fs enrlgb trnkscirentfik fk tmg narf`uoturno sg`tir fk Twnkbn nkb nriukb tmg `iktfkgkt, dut eirg kggbgb ti dg bik bikg. g. ‟Nar Narf`u f`uotu oturg rg fk Ncr Ncrf`n f`n fs ik tmg eivg,― smg snfb, ‟Rmg sfaks ic fts priargss nkb ariwtm nrg gvfbgkt n`riss tmg `iktfkgkt, dut tmgrg fs dfa riie cir feprivgegkt. ‟Rmgsg nspfrntfiks nrg nnfkndog,
dut ti rgn rgnofz ofzgg tmg tmge e wfoo wfoo rg rgquf qufrg rg Ncr Ncrf`n f`n‖s ‖s narf`uoturg sg`tir nkb fts ciib systges ti ariw eirg rnpfboy nkb sustnfkndoy,― snfb Eulgsmfenkn. N``irbfka ti mgr, tmg Ncrf`nk `iktfkgkt fs `ieefgb ti nbbrgssfka narf`uoturg
nkb ciib sg`urfty fssugs ns mfamofamtgb fk Ncrf`nk Wkfik Nagkbn 4830 nkb tmg sg`tir gepoiys tmg enjirfty ic tmg `iktfkgkt‖s pipuontfik. Rmg
=tm
gbftfik ic
NATC48>= fk Lfanof nttrn`tgb ndiut 4,888 bgogantgs crie n`riss tmg `iktfkgkt nkb tmg wirob ti bfs`uss narf`uoturno trnkscirentfik fk Ncrf`n
‟Rmfs fs n sfakf`nkt trgkb wmf`m wfoo
ikoy `iktfkug ti fk`rgnsg tmnkls ti tmg gkireius kgw ippirtukftfgs cir trnbg fk narf`uoturno `ieeibftfgs `rgntgb dy tmg Ncrf`nk @iktfkgktnoo Crgg Rrnbg Nrgn,― mg snfb. @iktfkgktn Ppgnlfka gnrofgr, Br. Jnegs Kyiri, tmg bgputy aivgrkir ic Lfnedu @iukty fk Lgkyn, snfb ti nrn`t eirg prfvntg sg`tir
fkvgstegkt kggbs `ieeftegkt nkb pioftf`no fkvgstegkt aiibwfoo. ‟Qftmiut ft, gvgrytmfka gosg wfoo kit wirl,― tmg Lgkynk i`fno nbbgb.
Rmg =tm gbftfik ic NATC48>= fk Lfanof
nrn`tgb ndiut 4,888 bgogantgs crie n`riss
tmg `iktfkgkt nkb tmg wirob ti bfs`uss narf`uoturno trnkscirentfik fk Ncrf`n. Ppgnlfka gnrofgr burfka tmg Viutm Riwk Mnoo sgssfik, ikg ic tmg sfbgofkg gvgkts nt NATC48>=, Ptrfvg Ensfyfwn, nk gktrgprgkgur nkb Noofnk`g cir n Arggk Tgvioutfik fk Ncrf`n (NATN) dinrb `mnfr, snfb Ncrf`n kggbgb nk gktrgprgkgurfno efkbsgt ti ognpcria nkb enlg sfakf`nkt bgvgoipegktno
nbvnk`gs.
Viu V iuka ka pg pgip ipog og nk nkbb na narf rf``
Lnaneg `noogb cir n efkbsgt `mnkag neika tmg yiuka pgipog si tmgy `nk `iksfbgr `nrggrs fk narf`uoturg kitfka tmnt ft‖s fepirtnkt ti tnlg tmg sg`tir ti tmg kgxt ogvgo. ‟Qg rgqufrg n rnpfb smfct fk tmg efkbsgt ic iur yiuka pgipog tiwnrbs narf`uoturg ns n `nrggr `mif`g,― mg snfb. N``irbfka ti mfe, tmg lkiwogbag nkb tg`mkioiay nvnfondog nvnfondog tibny egnks tmgrg mns kgvgr dggk n dggr tfeg cir yiuka Ncrf`nks
ti agt fkviovgb fk narf`uoturg, narfdusfkgss, narfdusfkgss, ti `rgntg wgnotm nkb wgoo-dgfka cir si`fgty ns n wmiog. Xrfeg Efkfstgr Kafrgktg mnb gnrofgr burfka tmg Viutm Riwk Mnoo sgssfik rgftgrntgb tmg `gktrno riog ic yiuka pgipog fk ukoi`lfka tmg sg`tir‖s pitgktfno nkb ippirtukftfg ippirtukftfgs. s. Kafrgktg snfb tmgrg wns kggb ti suppirt nkb ukoi`l tmg pitgktfno ic yiuka
narfprgkgurs. ‟Qg kggb iur yiutm ti dg rgsuot-irfgktgb ti dg aiib gktrgprgk gktrgprgkgurs. gurs. Mg snfb Twnkbn wns gxpgrfgk`fka n smfct fk tmg efkbsgt ic yiuka pgipog nkb eirg ic tmge wgrg vgkturfka fkti narf`uoturg. Mg pifktgb iut tmnt enky yiuka pgipog fk tmg sg`tir sny ft fs stfoo mnrb ti n``gss wirlfka `npftno nkb gxtgksfik sgrvf`gs nrg `istoy nkb kit rgnbfoy nvnfondog neika `ieeukftfgs.
Piovfka sg`tir `mnoogkags
Mg snfb narf`uoturg wns pgrcirefka piiroy prgvfiusoy dg`nusg enky aivgrkegk aivgrkegkts ts mnb kgaog`tgb tmg sg`tir. ‟F ciukb fk iur iwk `iuktry, kit su `fgkt ngktfik wns dgfka pnfb ti ent`m tmg
`gktrnofty ic narf`uoturg ti pgipog‖s ofvgs,― mg snfb. ‟Qmgk wg ait fkti aivgrkegkt, wg ciukb onragoy sudsfstgk`g narf`uoturg. Qg nrg bgksgoy pipuontgb< cnregrs mnvg senoo pfg`gs ic onkb wmgrg tmgy wgrg tryfka ti ponkt vg `rips nkb tmgy gkbgb up wftm
kitmfka ic gn`m.― Mg snfb tmgy fepogegktgb n piof`y smfct nkb noo tmg wmfog enlfka ft `ognr tmnt narf`uoturg wns fepirtnkt. ‟Qg eust pny ngktfik ti wmnt `nk dg
bikg gvgk wftm ofeftgb rgsiur`gs ic onkb,― mg snfb. Fkstgnb ic pufka vg `rips fk n
ikg mg`tnrg pfg`g ic onkb, `miisg ikg ir twi `rips tmnt `nk bi dgst tmgrg ir `iksiofbntg iur senoo pfg`gs ic onkb, uragb tmg prgsfbgkt. ‟Miw `nk wg doneg nkydiby gosg cir sieg ic tmgsg smirt`iefkas9 Miw `nk wg doneg don eg nky nkydib dibyy gosg gosg cir Tw Twnkb nkbnn fepi fepirtf rtfka ka `igg crie Guripg wmgk wg pribu`g `ic cgg, dut wg bik‖t pri`gss ft9 Qg trnkspirt iur `igg nkb tgn ti Guripg, nkb tmgy nrg
tmgk fepirtgb dn`l fkti tmg `iuktry nt ndiut tgk tfegs eirg tmg prf`g wg siob tmg dgvg dg vgrna rnags gs ti tmg Gur Guripg ipgnk, nk,―― mg mg snfb snfb.. ‟Q ‟Qg mnvg dggk smfppfka vnoug cir crgg nkb wg pny mgnvfoy. Ft just bigsk‖t enlg sgksg nkb wg noo lkiw ft.― Pi, ft fs up ti us wirlfka tiagtmgr tiagtmgr ti brfvg tmg kg`gssnry `mnkag fk iur rgspg`tfvg `ieeukftfgs, Lnaneg snfb, kitfka tmnt tmg lkiwogbag, gxpgrfgk`g nkb aiibwfoo gvfbgkt nt tmg cirue smiwgb tmnt ‟wg mnvg gvgrytmfka wg kggb ti su``ggb―.
Ciib prfzg wfkkgr
Rmg Fktgrkntfikno Fkstftutg ic Rripf`no Narf`uoturg s`iipgb tmg `ivgtgb Ncrf`n Ciib Xrfzg 48>=. FFRN wns nkkiuk`gb dy ciregr Kfagrfnk Xrgsfbgkt Iousgauk Idnsnkji nkb `mnfr ic tmg Ncrf`n Ciib Xrfzg `ieefgg burfka tmg NATC48>=
fk Lfanof onst Crfbny, enlfka ft tmg rst fkstftutfik ti rg`gfvg tmg Ncrf`n
Ciib Xrfzg sfk`g ft wns onuk`mgb fk 4887. Rmg Ncrf`n Ciib Xrfzg mikiurs irankfsntfikss ir fkbfvfbunos tmnt mnvg irankfsntfik gxmfdftgb tmgfr ognbgrsmfp pitgktfno, spg`f`nooy tmg ndfofty ti pgrsgvgrg bgspftg sfakf`nkt `mnoogkags ir rfsls. Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
41
N tiurfst gkjiys gkjiys mfesgoc fk Pgefoflf Kntfikno Xnrl fk wgstgrk Wankbn.
@IWTRGPV XMIRI
Didf Qfkg pritgsts mft Wankbn‖s tiur ipgrntirs mnrb Aivt biwkponys biwkponys fepn`t ic rg`gkt `nk`goontfiks Dy Tiknob Eusilg
ankbn‖s tiurfse fkbustry mns smiwk sfaks ic rg`ivgry ivgr tmg pnst tmrgg ygnrs, dut tmg rg` rg`gkt gkt pio pioftf ftf`no `no mg mgnt nt tmnt gkauocgb Lnepnon @fty nkb pi`lgts ic tmg `iuktry ciooiwfka tmg n`rfeikfius dy-gog`tfik fk tmg kirtmwgstgrk tiwk ic Nrun mns ogct tmg fkbustry rggofka, n``irbfka ti oi`no fkbustry ponygrs.
W
N kuedgr ic mfam-priog Egedgrs ic
Xnrofnegkt fk`oubfka Tidgrt Lynauonkyf (Lynbikbi Gnst), Lnssfnki Qnbrf (Nrun Eukf`fpnofty),, Crnk`fs Znnlg (Eftynkn Eukf`fpnofty) Eukf`fpnofty) nkb Xnuo Ewfru (Jfkjn Gnst) wgrg nrrgstgb nkb noogagboy tirturgb fk Nuaust cir noogagboy tmriwfka stikgs nt Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf‖s `ikviy, n eivg tmnt trfaagrgb pritgsts bgenkbfka cir tmgfr rgognsg. Gvgrgst Lnyikbi, tmg `mnfrenk ic tmg Nssi`fntfik ic Wankbn Riur Ipgrntirs (NWRI) snfb tmg pioftf`no slfrefsmgs fk Nuaust,wmf`m fs tmg pgnl sgnsik cir tiurfst nrrfvnos, mnb ogct n dfa bgkt ik tmg `iuktry‖s tiurfse sg`tir ns n kuedgr ic tiurfsts subbgkoy `nk`googb tmgfr trfps. 4=
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
‟Rmg rg`gkt mnppgkfkas mnb n argnt fepn`t ik tmg g`ikiey dg`nusg tmgy wgrg `ivgrgb dy ditm tmg oi`no nkb fktgrkntfikno egbfn. Ik`g ft wns wnt`mgb nkb rgnb noo ivgr tmg wirob, tmg tiurfsts wgrg fkugk`gb,― Lnyikbi snfb. Lnyikbi snfb tmg tiurfsts nosi rgspikbgb ti tmgfr aivgrkeg aivgrkegkt‖s kt‖s trnvgo nbvfsirfgs fssugb burfka tmg pgrfib nkb enky wmi mnb fktgkbgb ti vfsft Wankbn wgrg fku gk`gb dy tmgsg nogrts. Notmiuam sieg tiur ipgrntirs Rmg Fkbg pgkbgk pgk bgktt tnolgb ti bg`ofkgb ti afvg aurgs,
Neis Qglgsn, ikg ic tmg ognbfka oi`no ponygrs mnb gnrofgr ik tiob oi`no egbfn tmnt mfs `iepnky, Argnt Onlgs Pncnrfs, mnb oist ivgr WP$088,888 fk rgcukb cir norgnby diilgb trfps ti Wankbn. Mgrdgrt Dynrumnkan, n egedgr ic NWRI nkb vf`g prgsfbgkt ic tmg Wankbn Riurfse Nssi`fntfik nosi tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt mg wns ng`tgb ‟sofamtoy.― Mg snfb mg rgafs tgrgb ikoy ciur `nk`goontfiks, dut wns quf`l ti nbb tmnt mg `iuob kit ofkl tmg `nk`goontfiks ti tmg pioftf`no ukrgst.Rmfs, mg snfb, fs dnsgb dn sgb ik tmg cn cn`t `t tmn tmntt `nk` `nk`go goont ontfik fikss nrg nrg `ie `ie-eik fk tmg tiurfse fkbustry. Nodgrt Lukfmfrn, tmg @mfgc Gxg`utfvg
I`gr ic Xgnro ic Ncrf`n Sn`ntfiks tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt ik Pgpt. 1 tmnt mg bfb kit suc-
cgr nky `nk`goontfiks dut mg fs `grtnfk tmg fepn`t ic tmg rg`gkt pioftf`no slfrefsmgs wfoo dg egn egnsur surgb gb fk tmg kg kgnr nr cut cuturg urg.. Dut Ptgpmgk Nsffewg, tmg gxg`utfvg bfrg`tir ic tmg Wankbn Riurfse Dinrb (WRD) tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt ik Pgpt.>8 tmnt `iktrnry ti tmg NWRI `ik`grks, tmfs ygnr mns dggk Wankbn‖s dgst fc tiurfst aurgs
WRD fs pf`lfka crie tmg kntfikno pnrls nkb itmgr tiurfst nrn`tfiks nrg ti dg dgofgvgb.
Mg snfb tmfs fs pnrtf`uonroy trug cir airfoon pgrefts wmf`m mg snys mnvg dggk siob iut cir tmfs ygnr nkb tmg Wankbn Qfobofcg Nutmirfty fs norgnby sgoofka cir 48>6. ‟Rmfs mns kgvgr mnppgkgb dgcirg,― mg snfb. ‟Ns cnr ns F ne `ik`grkgb, tiurfsts nrg sncg fk Wankbn nkb tiurfse smiuob `iktfkug wirlfka kirenooy. Qg aunrnktgg tmnt tiurfsts nrg sncg fk Wankbn, tmg fktgrkntfikno nfrpirt fs sncg cir nrrfvnos, tmg kntfikno pnrls nrg sncg nkb tmg itmgr tiurfst nrn`tfiks nrg
noo sncg,― Nsffewg snfb, ‟Qg smiuob kit efx pioftf`s nkb tiurfse< Wankbn fs vgry sncg,― mg tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt. Rmfs wns kit tmg rst tfeg oi`no tiur ipgr -
DWPFKGPP
gb dy aoiwfka rgpirts ic Wankbn‖s nrn` -
tfiks fk fktgrkntfik fktgrkntfikno no tiurfse `ntnoiaugs. Wankbn fs, cir gxnepog, rganrbgb ns Ncrf`n dgst dg st bgs bgstfk tfkntf ntfik ik cir df dfrbg rbgrs. rs. Rm Rmgg `iuk `iuktry try fs mieg ti ivgr >,888 dfrb spg`fgs, wmf`m n``iukt cir >>% ic tmg wirob‖s titno, nkb mnoc ic Ncrf`n‖s lkiwk dfrb spg`fgs. Dut bgspftg tmg rg`gkt surag fk tiurfst kuedgrs nkb tmg g`ikief` prispg`ts fk tgres ic rgvgkug nkb jids, tmg sg`tir succgrs crie i``nsfikno bfsruptfiks‒ ditm knturno nkb enk-enbg. Rmgsg, n``irbfka ti fkbustry gxpgrts, mnvg enrrgb tmg `iuktry‖s drnkb drn kb fen fenag ag nkb ukb ukbgre grefkg fkgb b fts fts enr enrlgt lgtfk fkaa girts.
Tgsgnr`mgrs Rncnbzwn Entfzn nkb Ion dnkjfjf Ikf cri dnk crie e tmg tmg Wk Wkfv fvgrs grsfty fty ic Ofe Ofepip pipii fk Piutm Ncrf`n snfb fk tmgfr rg`gkt rgsgnr`m, ‟Enknafka tmg tiurfst bgstfkntfik: Rmg `nsg ic Ncrf`n Ncr f`n ,― tmn tmntt tmg tmg tiu tiurfs rfstt bgst bgstfkn fkntfi tfikk fena fenagg fsfs
ntirs `neg iut `ryfka ti tmg aivgrkeg aivgrkegkt kt bug ti oist tiurfse rgvgkug. Fk Enr`m, 48>7, tmg Wankbn Riurfse Nssi`fntfik (WRN) fssugb n sfefonr pogn snyfka ivgr 68% ic noo diilfkas crie Guripg nkb tmg Wkftgb Ptntgs mnb dggk `nk`googb `ftfka tmg Gdion iutdrgnl fk Qgst Ncrf`n, tgrrirfse nkb tmg pnssfka ic tmg NktfMieisgxunofty onw fk Wankbn. Miwgvgr, tmg Nktf-Mieisgxunofty onw wns ontgr ivgrturkgb fk tmg `iurts ic onw. Ns n rgsuot, tmg tiur ipgrntirs snfb, ivgr 48,888 oi`no tiur ipgrntirs, trnvgo nagkts, sncnrf aufbgs nkb mitgo ipgrntirs wgrg ik tmg vgrag ic `oisfka dusfkgss ir oisfka tmgfr jids. jid s.
Riurfse rgenfks Wankbn‖s ognbfka cirgfak gx`mnkag gnrkgr.
Ivgr tmg onst >7 ygnrs, fktgrkntfikno tiurfse nrrfvnos mnvg eirg tmnk qunbrupogb crie ndiut 478,888 fk 488> ti ivgr >.0 efoofik, onst ygnr nefbst tmg `iuktry‖s `mg`lgrgb pioftf`no mfstiry. Fk 48>2, tiurfse, cir tmg rst tfeg, dg`neg
Wankbn‖s dfaagst gxpirt gnrkgr nctgr ft cgt`mgb $>.2 dfoofik fk 48>0/>2, up crie $>.> dfoof df oofik ik tmg yg ygnr nr dg dgcir cirg, g, n`` n``irb irbfka fka ti Dnk Dnkll ic ic Wankbn‖s eikgtnry piof`y stntgegkt tmnt wns fssugb fk Nuaust tmnt ygnr. Onst ygnr, tmg sg`tir cgt`mgb tmg `iuktry ndiut WP$ >.2dk (Pms 7.> trfoofik) wmfog tmg ygnr dgcirg< `oisg ti WP$>.07dk wns gnrkgb crie tmg fkbustry. Riurfse gxpgrts mnvg ofklgb tmg subbgk fktgrgst fk Wankbn ns nk nrn`tfvg bgstfkn tfik cir tiurfsts ti tmg rg`gkt rg`ruftegkt ic tmrgg enrlgtfka res tmnt mnvg dggk
prieitfka Wankbn fk Guripg nkb Kirtm Negrf`n. Rmg tiurfse fkbustry mns nosi dggk diist-
dg`iefka dg`ie fka fk fk`rg `rgnsf nsfka kaoy oy bgt bgtrfe rfegkt gktno no ti tmg su``gss ic fkbfvfbuno tiurfst bgstfkntfiks gspg`fnooy fk Ncrf`n Ncrf`n wmf`m ictgk fs n vf`tfe ic kgantfvg aoidno stgrgitypgs nkb pgr`gptfiks. ‟Ncrf`n‖s ukcirtukntg fenag fs nk idstn`og ti tmg rgafik‖s `iepgtftfvgkgss fk tmg aoidno tiurfse enrlgt, ns`grtnfkfka tmg `iktfkgkt‖s prioikagb kgantfvg fenag nkb pgr`gfvgb rfsls ic n tiurfst bgstfkntfik.― Qmgrgns aoidno tiurfse fs cirg`nst ti n``iukt cir nt ognst >.3 dfoofik trnvgoogrs trnvgoogrs nkb ivgr $4 trfoofik fk tiurfst spgkbfka fk tmg ygnr 4848, Ncrf`n‖s aoidno smnrg ic tiurfst trnvgoogrs fk 4848 fs nktf`fpntgb ti dg dgt dgtwg wggk gk n `iks `iksgrv grvntf ntfvg vg 7% nk nkb b nk nk iptf iptf-efstf` 3.0% n``irbfka ti n 48>0 WK Qirob Riurfse Irankfzntfik rgpirt. Ft fs pgrmnps cir tmfs rgnsik tmnt Ncrf`nk aivgrkegkts mnvg dgauk ti rg`iakfzg tmg pitgktfno ic tmg tiurfse fkbustry ns n brfvgr ic g`ikief` bgvgoipegkt. N``irbfka N``irbfka ti tmg Qirob Dnkl, tmg tiurfse fkbustry efamt dg ikg ic tmg cnstgst ariwfka fkbustrfgs fk tmg wirob dut ft fs nosi ikg ic tmg eist `iepgtftfvg aoidnooy. Cir Lnyikbi, tmg rg`gkt pioftf`no slfrefsmgs nrg crustrntfka tmg oi`no fkbustry. ‟Fc tmgy (XT res) nrg norgnby bifka n aiib jid
enrlgtfka tmg `iuktry nkb tmgk tmfkas mnppgk nt mieg, tmgsg girts wfoo just dg aifka
ti wnstg,― mg snfb nt n prgss `ikcgrgk`g ik Pgpt. 0. ‟Ik`g wg try ti pirtrny n aiib fenag ndrinb, tmgk wg smiuob try ti enfktnfk ft nt mieg (dg`nusg) ik`g Wankbn‖s fenag fs vfgwgb ns dnb, ki ikg wfoo gvgr `miisg Wankbn,― nbbgb Dgkgbf`t Ktnog, tmg vf`g `mnfrenk ic NWRI. Wankbn‖s oika tgre bgvgoipegkt dougprfkt‒Sfsfik 4828‒strgssgs tmnt tmg `iuktry‖s tiurfse sg`tir mns tmg pitgktfno ti gnrk Wankbn ndiut $>4 dfoofik gvgry ygnr. Miwgvgr, n 48>4 Qirob Dnkl stuby gktftogb: ‟Wankbn Riurfse Pg`tir Pftuntfikno Nssgssegkt: Riurfse Tg-nwnlgkfka,― snys tmg `iuktry fs `ognroy kit ygt rgnofzfka fts cuoo pitgktfno ns n tiurfse bgstfkntfik bgspftg fts ukpnrnoogogb rgsiur`g dnsg `ieprfsfka
nenzfka knturno cgnturgs wmf`m fk`oubg n ukfqug irn nkb cnukn.
@utmdgrt Dnauen, tmg ciregr gxg`utfvg bfrg`tir ic WRD tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt ft fs fepirtnkt cir stnlgmiobgrs fk Wankbn‖s tiurfse fkbustry ti ukbgrstnkb tmnt tiurfse fs n aoidno fkbustry. Mg kitgb tmnt dgcir dg cirgg tiur tiurfst fstss bg`f bg`fbg bg ti vfs vfsft, ft, tmg tmgfr fr sg sg`ur `urfty fty nkb sncgty `iegs rst.
WRD kggb ti fktgksfcy enrlgtfka ndrinb
Aifka cirwnrb, Dnauen snys ft fs fepirtnkt cir WRD ti gkanag tmg fktgrkntfikno fktgrkntfikno XT res ti rg-nssurg pitgktfno `ofgkts ndiut
tmgfr sncgty, gspg`fnooy nriukb Wankbn‖s tiurfst nrn`tfiks.
‟Rmgy smiuob dg ndog ti tgoo pitgktfno vfsftirs tmnt ygs, tmgrg efamt mnvg dggk ukrgst fk pnrts ic tmg `fty, tmgrg wns ki dusfkgss pnrnoysfs nkb tmnt tmg tiurfst nrn`tfik
spits nrg stfoo sncg.― ‟Ft‖s fepirtnkt ti pnfkt n trug feprgssfik ic tmg sftuntfik. Ft fs fepirtnkt ti n`lkiwogbag tmg fk`fbgkt, pifkt iut fts gxtgkt, nkb pifkt iut tmg girts ukbgrtnlgk ti `iktrio
ft.― ‟Dgyikb tmg bgkfnos, tmg WRD smiuob gkanag tmg tiurfsts nt tmg nfrpirt ti sgg wmnt tmgy cgot ndiut tmg fk`fbgkt,‖ mg snfb, ‟Rmnt wiuob ai n oika wny fk pifktfka iut tmg trug feprgssfiks ic tmg fk`fbgkt dy agfka
fkbgpgkbgkt cggbdn`l.― fkbgpgkbgkt Fk 48>4, n @KK pioo ik `iksuegrs‖ trnvgo pgr`gptfiks nkb dgmnvfiur trgkbs nslgb rgspikbgktss crie eirg tmnk 18 `iuktrfgs rgspikbgkt ti fbgktfcy lgy fkugk`fka cn`tirs fk tmgfr
bg`fsfik enlfka pri`gss dgcirg trnvgoofka ti n pon`g cir ogfsurg. Rmg @KK survgy ciukb tmnt nmgnb ic `ist, sncgty nkb sg`urfty wgrg ic argntgst `ik`grk wmgk `miisfka nk fktgrkntfikno trnvgo bgstfkntfik cir eirg tmnk twi tmfrbs ic aoidno rgspikbgkts. Tgputntfik ic tmg tiurfst bgstfkntfik wns nosi bggegb fepirtnkt cir trnvgoogrs. Rmg survgy nosi nslgb tmge miw tmgy antmgr fkcirentfik prfir ti trnvgo. Ndiut 77% ic fktgrkntfik fktgrkntfikno no vfsftirs survgyg survgygb b snfb tmgy rgofgb ik rg`ieegkbntf rg`ieegkbntfiks iks nkb fkcirentfik ait crie cnefoy, crfgkbs nkb `ioognaugs. @KK kitgb tmnt wftm rgputntfik dgfka n lgy cn`tir, tiurfst dinrbs wiuob `ognroy `iktfkug ti mnvg n vftno riog ti pony fk smnpfka fktgrkntfikno pgr`gptfiks ti gk`iurnag tiurfse ariwtm fk `iuktrfgs tmnt nrg strika ik tiurfse. Dgofkbn Kneutgdf, n drnkbfka gxpgrt tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt gnroy tmfs ygnr tmnt, ‟Dg`nusg wg ofvg fk n aoidnofzgb wirob, enrlgtgrs ic tmg `iuktry kggb ti lkiw tmnt tmg pribu`t tmgy nrg sgoofka fs tmg gxpgrfgk`g ic Wankbn.― ‟Rmfs fs gvgk eirg si cir tmisg sgoofka Wankbn ns n tiurfst bgstfkntfik,― smg snfb. ‟Dgcirg tiurfsts `ieg, tmgy rgsgnr`m ndiut tmg bgstfkntfik tmgy fktgkb ti vfsft… nkb wg nrg kit fk cuoo `iktrio ic wmnt tmgy (tiurfsts) mgnr.― Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
46
Gxg`utfvg Ptyog
Wankbnks nrg segoofka tmg `iccgg Qmnt nrg tmg lgy brfvgrs cir vgkturfka fkti `iccgg nkb dnrfstn trnfkfka9
ur lgy brfvgrs fk vgkturfka fkti `iccgg nkb dnrfstn dnrf stn trn trnfkfka fkfka wns brfvgk dy tmg cn`t tmnt enky mitgos nkb `iccgg smips wgrg sgrvfka `iccgg tmnt wns kit ic mfam qunofty. Nkb tmg rgnsik dgmfkb tmnt fs kit tmnt tmgy bfbk‖t mnvg mfam qunofty `iccgg dut dg`nusg tmgy bfbk‖t mnvg cuooy trnfkgb dnrfstns. N dnrfstn kggb ti truoy ukbgrstnkb tmg wmiog `iccgg vnoug `mnfk ‐ crie tmg cnre ti tmg `up. `up. Pieg ic iur mitgo iwkgrs tmfkl tmnt mnvfka n aiib en`mfkg fs n aunrnktgg cir aiib `iccgg, wmf`m fs kit tmg `nsg. Ft fs tmgrgcirg cir tmnt rgnsik tmnt wg `neg fk ti drfbag tmg slfoos anp.
Qftm rganrb ti yiur n`nbgey, wmnt fs tmg `rftgrfik cir ikg ti dg nbefttgb9
I
Pi miw `nk ikg prgpnrg n aiib `iccgg `up9
Cir ikg ti prgpnrg n aiib `iccgg `up, mg ir smg kggbs ti ukbgrstnkb tmg typg ic `iccgg tmnt tmgy fktgkb ti tnlg n`riss ‐ Nrndf`n ir Tidustn. Rmfs fs ciooiwgb up wftm n oiil nt tmg cnrefka prn`tf`gs. Cir gxnepog, tmgrg nrg fkstnk`gs wmgrg cnregrs ariw `iccgg, ognvg ft fk tmg dusm ti enturg nkb gxpg`t tmg dgst qunofty iut ic ft. Rmnt fs kit tmg `nsg. Rmg kgxt stgp fs ti gksurg tmnt ikoy rfpg `mgrrfgs nrg mnrvgstgb ns tmgy mnvg eirg suanr, conviur, nkb `nrdimybrntgs.. Onstoy, n `nrdimybrntgs dnrfstn dnrf stn kggb ti wirl wftm tmg rinstgr ti gksurg tmnt tmg prgcgrrgb tnstg pricfogs nrg nttnfkgb. Miw fs yiur nssgssegkt ic tmg ogvgo ic bgenkb cir gn`m typg ic tmg `iuktry‖s `igg9 08
Pfeik I`mgk Gfbibi fs tmg 48>= Wankbn Kntfikno Dnrfstn Rrnfkgr nkb tmg Cfrst Tukkgr-up, Ncrf`n Ncr f`n Dnr Dnrfst fst n @mne @ mnepfi pfiksm ksmfp fp nkb tmg Xri Xriprf prfgti gtirr nt tmg @mnrfits @iccgg nkb Dnrfstn Rrnfkfka N`nbge N`n bgey. y. Nctgr Nctg r sgrv s grvfka fka cir 7 ygnr y gnrs, s, mg rgs rgsfak fakgb gb crie mfs prgstfafius dnrfstn jid nt tmg Lnepnon Pgrgkn Mitgo fk 48>3 ti vgkturg fkti `iccgg trnfkfka. Mg spilg ti Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt‖s Fsnn` Lmfsn ndiut tmg `rip‖s ippirtukftfgs nmgnb.
Rmg oi`no pipuontfik tgkbs ti oivg eirg ic Nrndf`n `iccgg tmnk Tidustn dg`nusg ft fs efob, agktog nkb nrientf`. Tidustn enfkoy `iegs fk fk tmg cire ic dogkbfka. Rmfs fs tmg enfk rgnsik tmnt Tidustn `iccgg fs gxpirtgb ti Guripgnk enrlgts wmi prgcgr strika `iccggs. Qmnt nrg sieg `mnoogkags tmnt tmg `iccgg fkbustry cn`g fk prieitfka `iccgg9
Rmg prgsgk`g ic efbbog egk mnvg bgkfgb cnregrs dgttgr dgtt gr fk`ie f k`iegs gs crie c rie
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
tmgfr `iccgg `rips. Ictgk, cnregrs nrg pnfb pgnkuts wftm eist ic tmg pricfts aifka ti tmg efbbog egk. Rmgrg‖s kggb cir tmg oi`no `iccgg pribu`grs ti dg ofklgb bfrg`toy ti duygrs ti gksurg tmnt tmgy agt vnoug cir tmgfr `rip. Ik`g cnregrs nrg surg ic mfam rgturks, tmgy wfoo fkvgst eirg nkb pribu`g mfam qunofty `iccggs. Rmg itmgr `mnoogkag fs tmnt `iccgg pn`lnafka entgrfnos nrg quftg gxpgksfvg nkb tmfs uotfentgoy fk`rgnsgs tmg `ists ic tmg cfkno pribu`t.
Qg nrg kit `iksfbgrfka n`nbgef` bi`uegkts cir kiw. Qg nrg oiilfka nt pgipog wmi `nk ukbgrstnkb tmg vnrfndogs cir prgpnrfka tmg dgst `iccggs rganrbogss ic tmgfr ndfofty ir fkndfofty ti gxprgss tmgesgovgs fk Gkaofsm. Qg bik‖t wnkt ti ofeft pgipog fktgrgstgb fk tmg trnfkfka. Iur cggs nrg Pms788,888 nkb Pms388,888 cir dnsf` nkb nbvnk`gb dnrfstn trnfkfkas rgspg`tfvgoy. Rmg trnfkfka tnlgs n pgrfib ic ikg eiktm. Qg nrg wirlfka wftm n kuedgr ic `iccgg smips cir tmgfr ndsirptfik wmgk ippirtukftfgs nrfsgs. Qmnt fs tmg cuturg iutoiil ic `iccgg `iksueptfik9
Rmg cuturg fs quftg drfa mt ns drfamt n s tmg tm g oi`no oi `no pipuontfik gspg`fnooy tmg yiutm gedrn`g `iccgg `iksueptfik. Ivgr tmg pnst cgw ygnrs, yiutm nrg dgfkaa fkviovg dgfk fkv iovgb b fk ditm `iccgg ariwfka ns wgoo ns `iksueptfik. Qmnt nrg tmg cfre‖s cuturg ponks9
Qg mipg ti dg ikg ic tmg ognbfka prieitgrs ic Wankbn‖s `iccgg oi`nooy nkb fktgrkntfiknooy. Qg nrg oiilfka cirwnrb ti dg`iefka dg`i efka tmg `iuk `iuktry‖ try‖ss `gktrg ic gx`googk`g cir `iccggs nkb rgontgb pribu`ts trnfkfkas ‐ tgn, @i`in nkb juf`gs.
DWPFKGPP
Dy Juofus Dusfkag
ntfikno Pi`fno Pg`urfty Cukb (KPPC) wfoo rgsueg tmg `ikstru`tfik ic fts Xgksfik Riwgrs ik Oueuedn Nvgkug fk Lnepnon dgcir dg cirgg tmg gkb ic tmf tmfss ygn ygnr. r. Rmg pri prijg` jg`tt wns wns mnotgb kgnroy sgvgk ygnrs nai `ftfka fku gk`g pgbbofka fk tmg pri`urgegkt pri`gss. Rmg Cukb‖s 04-stirgy uotrn-eibgrk `ieegr`fno cn`fofty wfoo `ieprfsg ic tmrgg
K
tiwgrs ‐ tmg rst nkb sg`ikb tiwgrs ‐ gn`m
mnvfka >8 stirgys wmfog tmg tmfrb tiwgr wfoo mnvg 47 stirgs, enlfka ft tmg tnoogst dufobfka fk Lnepnon. Rmg cn`fofty wfoo nosi mnvg ciur dnsgegkt ogvgos wftm pnrlfka spn`g cir 788 `nrs nkb twi pibfue ogvgos cir smippfka enoos, rgstnurnkts nkb `ikcgrgk` `ikcgrgk`gg cn`foftfgs. KPPC Enknafka Bfrg`tir, Tf`mnrb Dynruandn, tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt ik Nuaust 4= burfka tmg Cukb‖s Nkkuno Egedgrs Eggtfka fk Lnepnon tmnt tmg Cukb mns pf`lgb n kgw `iktrn`tir ‐ @mfkn Tnfowny @ikstru`tfik @irpirntfik. Tili @ikstru`tfik Ofeftgb-Wankbn bfb tmg rst pmnsg.
Dynruandnn tiagtmgr wftm tmg Dinrb Dynruand @mnfrpgrsik, Xntrf`l Lndgrgkag, snfb tmg noo rfamtcuo pri`gssgs mnb dggk ciooiwgb fk sg`urfka tmg kgw `iktrn`t ti efkfefsg nky efstnlgs. Miwgvgr, tmg bui snfb tmg `ist ic tmg gktfrg prijg`t, prijg`t, wmf`m fs gxpg`tgb gxpg`tgb ti dg `iepogtgb fk tmrgg ygnrs, fs oflgoy ti ai up dy 71% ti WP$>>8efoofik (Npprix. Pms2>8dk) Pms2>8dk) bug `mnkafka g`ikief` gkvfrikegkt. Rmg `ikstru`tfik ic Xgksfik Riwgrs stnrtgb fk 488= dut tmg wirl wns ndruptoy mnotgb ciur ygnrs ontgr, wftm tmg Fkspg`tirntg ic Aivgrkegkt, rg`ieegkbfka cir n rgpgnt ic tmg tgkbgrfka pri`gss. Rmfs ciooiwgb FAA‖s fkvgstfantfik tmnt `onfegb tmnt tmg pri`urgegkt priti`ios wgrg vfiontgb. Rmg prijg`t wns fkftfnooy ponkkgb cir `iepogtfik `iepogtfik fk 48>7 nt n `ist ic Pms438dk. Xgksfik Riwgrs fs ikg ic tmg prijg`ts ukbgr tmg Cukb‖s Tgno Gstntg Fkvgstegkts pirtciofi wmf`m `ikstftutg 3.3% ic fts titno nssgts rgpirtgb nt sofamtoy ivgr Pms>8trfoofik ns nt gkb ic Juoy tmfs ygnr.
Kgnroy sgvgk ygnr‖s oiss, anfk
Dynruandn tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt tmg Cukb mns oist n oit ic tfeg nkb eikgy dut tmg aiib kgws fs tmnt n kgw `iktrn`tir fs kiw ikdinrb. Mg snfb tmg Cukb mnb norgnby fkvgstgb fkvgstgb Pms78dk ik pmnsg ikg nkb tmnt ft nosi oist >8% pgr nkkue sfk`g 48>4, gqufvnogkt ti Pms07dk. Mg, miwgvgr, fksfstgb tmnt tmg eikgy wfoo dg rg`ivgrgb ik`g tmg dufobfka fs `iepogtgb ‟dg`nusg wg wfoo try ti `ieputg titno fkvgstegkt fkvgsteg kt fk`oubfka oist tfeg wmf`m wfoo dg fk fk`ou `oubgb bgb ns pnr pnrtt ic ic `ist `ist rg` rg`iv ivgry gry ik` ik`gg tmg tmg prijg`t agts ti tmg enrlgt.― Mg nosi snfb tmnt tmgrg mnvg dggk n oit ic
Xmnsg ikg ic tmg prijg`t.
Tgvnepfka KPPC Xgksfik Riwgrs Rmg prijg`t `ist aigs up 71% ti Pms2>8dk rgvnountfik anfks. rgvnountfik ‟Rmg vnoug ic onkb noika Oueuedn Nvgkug ariws nt n rntg ic 48% pgr nkkue nkb wg tmfkl tmnt tmg vnoug ic tmg onkb tmgk fs kiw pgrmnps nkitmgr 08-28% ndivg tmnt wmgk tmg prijg`t stnoogb,― Dynruandn snfb. Lndgrgkag snfb tmg Xgksfik Riwgrs prijg`t fs gxpg`tgb ti yfgob nk nkkuno rgturk ic >7% ti tmg Cukb. Mg nosi snfb ft fs pnrt ic tmg KPPC Dinrb‖s ponk ic rgvnepfka noo `ikstru`tfik prijg`ts tmnt mnb stnoogb cir ygnrs fk`oubfka Oudiwn, Rgenkanoi nkb itmgrs. ‟Qg tmiuamt fc wg `ik`gktrntgb ik tmg miusfka sg`tir, wg `iuob enlg n bfgr gk`g,― Lndgrgkag snfb.
Gxpgrt ipfkfik
Gki`l Rwfkiduryi, nk g`ikiefst (XmB) tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt tmnt ft fs ukcirtukntg tmg Cukb oist eikgy nkb tfeg nkb tmnt trnkspnrgk`y ik tmfs oiss fs wnrrnktgb. ‟Rmg dfaagr wirry smiuob dg wftm tmg cgnsfdfofty ic tmg prijg`t nkb tmg nssi`fntgb `ist ivgr ruks,― mg snfb. Mg nbbgb tmnt tmg rfsl cir n dufobfka ic su`m enakftubg wfoo dg i``upnk`y afvgk tmg prgvnfofka `ikbftfiks ic bwfkbofka i``upnk`y rntgs fk tmg `gktrg ic tmg `fty. Ik `irruptfik nkb drfdgry noogantfiks, Rwfkiduryi Rw fkiduryi snfb, `irruptfik ic pioftf`no knturg fs bf`uot ti bgno wftm gspg`fnooy
wmgk ft fs gktnkaogb wftm nbefkfstrntfvg nbefkfstrntfvg kgtwirls ‐ wmnt tmg FAA `noos sykbf`ntg `irruptfik. ‟Rmgrg nrg wgnlkgssgs ic `irruptfik tn`lfka n`riss tmg gktfrg `y`og ic n``iuktndfofty stnrtfka crie dubagtfka, gxg`utfik, nubft nkb fts ivgrsfamt,― mg snfb nbbfka, ‟Rmg rgegby mgrg eust `ieg crie tmg tip.― Nslgb ik wmnt KPPC smiuob bi ti enxfefsg tmg anfks crie tmg prijg`t, Rwfkiduryi snfb, tmg `istfka stru`turg smiuob dg rgg` tfvg ic tmg gviovfka enrlgt byknef`s. Mg snfb tmg `istfka smiuob kit dg gxirdftnkt dut ndog ti eggt `ists nkb enrl up cir snvgrs. Cir su`m prijg`ts, mg snfb, KPPC smiuob norgnby mnvg stnrtgb wftm `ofgkt enknagegkt dy smnrfka fkcirentfik wftm pitgktfno `ofgkts. Pfefonroy, Pneugo Endnon, nk urdnk gxpgrt nkb n`tfka bfrg`tir cir miusfka nt tmg Efkfstry ic Onkbs, Miusfka nkb Wrdnk Bgvgoipegkt, tiob Rmg Fkbgpgkbgkt ik Pgpt.81 tmnt cir KPPC ti enxfefsg tmg anfks crie tmg prijg`t, ft wfoo mnvg ti dg brfvgk dy `ur `urrgk rgktt prf` prf`fk fkaa ic ic prij prijg`t g`tss oi`n oi`ntgb tgb fk tmg sneg nrgn. Mg nosi snfb tmnt `ieegr`fno stru`turgs tmnt nrg dgyikb vg ogvgos mfam nrg kit nrn`tfvg ti eist tgknkts ukogss ikg fs `ik sfbgrfka spg`fnofzgb igrs cir npnrtegkts
nkb `ikbiefkfues. Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
0>
DWPFKGPP
NSFNR N SFNRFIK FIK
ENFO
Gktgddg neika Gefrntgs tip >8 Ncrf`nk bgstfkntfiks
Lgkyn rgeivgs tnx ik pistno dixgs
Wankbn `neg nmgnb ic dfaagr g`ikiefgs su`m ns Nkaion (36,=04 sgnts) nkb Gtmfipfn mg Xistno @irpirntfik (>42,0=4 sgnts) wmf`m `mg`lgb fk ic Lgkyn (X@L) mns gg`tgb nk gxgeptfik nt >3tm nkb >4tm rgspg`tfvgoy. Wankbn knrriwoy dgnt Rnkcrie vnoug-nbbgb tnx znkfn (>4=,>>= sgnts) ti tmg tgktm (SNR) tmnt gg`tfvgoy enlgs pisftfik pon`fka ft gogvgktm ft `mgnpgr ti rgkt pistno ivgrnoo neika tmg >= pifkts dixgs. crie wmf`m Gefrntgs ipgrntgs Rmg eivg, nfegb nt ik tmg `iktfkgkt. Gx`oubfka wiifka `ustiegrs ti tmg struaaofka re‖s sgrvf`gs, Enurftfus cir wmf`m Tiutgs Ikofkg , bfb bfb kit pri privfb vfbgg fkc fkcirirfs pnrt ic n pripisno fk entfik, Piutm Ncrf`n (>,>8>,4>1 tmg Cfknk`g Dfoo 48>=/>6 ti sgnts) wns Gefrntgs ognbfka gx`oubg pistno nkb sudsfbfnry bgstfkntfik fk Ncrf`n ciooiwgb sgrvf`gs tmg X@L `urrgktoy igrs crie tmg ogvy. dy Gay Gaypt pt (00 (007,1 7,114 14 sg sgnts nts)) nkb nkb Lgkyn (463,203 sgnts). Lgkyn‖s Dusfkgss Bnfoy snys ukbgr rgvfsgb prf`g rgafeg,
R
ankbn wns tmg tgktm onragst Ncrf`nk enrlgt cir Budnf dnsgb Efbbog-Gnstgrk `nrrfgr Gefrntgs burfka 48>1, n``irbfka ti tmg ontgst stntfstf`s `ie-
W
pfogb dy Tiutgs Ikofkg. Rmg `nrrfgr bgpoiygb >4=,7=3 sgnts cir bgpnrturgs iut ic Gktgddg, afvfka Wankbn n soit neika fts tip tgk bgstfkntfiks fk tmg `iktfkgkt burfka tmg ygnr.
nk fkbfvfbuno pist i`g
RN]
WTN `ioog`ts Pms 41 dk fk IRR nkb Eidfog Eikgy ankbn Tgvgkug Nutmirfty (WTN) mns `ioog`tgb Pms 41 dfoofik fk ivgr tmg tip (IRR) nkb eidfog eikgy trnksn`tfik tnxgs sfk`g tmg aivgrkegkt fktribu`gb tmgsg ogvfgs onst Juoy. IRR tnx ic Pms 488 fs ogvfgb ik tmg usg ic si`fno egbfn sftgs su`m ns Cn`gdiil, QmntsNpp
W
nkb Rwfgr wmfog 8.7 pgr`gkt fs
kiw `mnragb ik sieg eidfog eikgy trnksn`tfiks. Birfs Nlio, tmg WTN @ieefssfikgrr Agkgrno tiob @ieefssfikg
jiurknof jiurk nofsts sts ik Pgp Pgptt 87 87 n mg mgnb nb ic tmfs ygnr‖s tnx pnygrs‖ npprg`fntfik wggl wmf`m wfoo
GKGTAV
C 04
ruk crie Pgpt 43tm- 4=tm, snfb ‟wftm n pipuontfik ic ndiut fk tmg stntg-iwkgb re‖s 40 efoofik Wankbnks mnvfka n``gss ti eidfog pmikgs, wg nrg amt cir survfvno fk tmg wnlg ic stf `iepgtftfik nkb pisftfvg tmfs wfoo ariw ivgrnoo rgvgkugs eiktm ik eiktm.― tg`mkioiaf`no nbvnk`gs tmnt Kiw fk fts sg`ikb gbftfik mnvg ogb ti n kisgbfvg fk tmg nkb ukbgr tmg tmgeg, bgenkb cir fts sgrvf`gs ivgr ”Ptrikagr Riagtmgr‖, tmg tfeg. npprg`fntfik wggl wfoo fkviovg Onst ygnr, tmg @irpirntfik vnrfius fktgrn`tfiks wftm tmg rg`irbgb n Pm77.7dk dfoofik oiss ns fts prfvntg oggr pudof`, crgg sgrvf`gs nkb n `iuktry wfbg `irpirntg si`fno dixgs, `iurfgr ipgrntfiks ipgrnt fiks rgspiksfdfofty (@PT) n`tfvfty nkb gxpgbftgb enfo sgrvf`g dy tmg tnxenk‖s tnxenk‖s stn. stn. dusfkgss stnakntgb. NSFN N SFNRFIK RFIK
Ritno agts kgw EB
ugo enrlgtgr, Ritno Wankbn, mns nppifktgb Idf Fegedn ns tmg `iepnky‖s enknafka bfrg`tir rgpon`fka Coirgktfk bg Oippfkit.
dix kiw `ists Pms 17, 888 gvgry ygnr `iepnrgb ti tmg prgvfius Pms =7,888. Rmg SNR gxgeptfik wns nosi ti nppoy cir pistnag stnep. Rmg eivg fs tmg ontgst
Wankbn Nfrofkgs kiw mfrfka Oippfkit, wmi mnb wirlgb cir tmg `iepnky fk tmg pnst tmrgg ygnrs, ogct onst eiktm `ftfka kggb ti rgukftg wftm mfs cnefoy fk Crnk`g. Fegedn mns wirlgb wftm tmg Ritno Ariup cir ivgr >3 ygnrs, sgrvfka fk sgvgrno ognbgrsmfp pisftfiks. Xrfir ti jifkfka Ritno Wankbn, mg wirlgb ns tmg Cfgob Ipgrntfiks Enknagr fk Ritno G&X Kgtmgronkbs, Iccsmirg Fkstnoontfiks Enknagr, Xribu`tfik Enknagr< nkb sgvgrno itmgr riogs fk bfccgrgkt `iuktrfgs fk`oubfka Crnk`g, Piutm Lirgn nkb Kfagrfn.
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
ankbn‖s ponkkgb `iegdn`l kntfikno `nrrfgr, Wankbn Nfrofk Nfr ofkgs, gs, mns stnrtgb fkvftfka nppof`ntfiks cir lgy pisftfiks. N``irbfka N``irbfka ti tmg nbvgrt pudofsmgb ik Pgp 87, tmg `nrrfgr fs sgglfka cir nppof`nkts cir vnrfius pisftfiks fk`oubfka bfrg`tirs cir enfktgknk`g nkb gkafkggrfka, `ieegr`fno, knk`g, `irpirntg qunofty enkna-
W
gr, muenk rgsiur`g, snogs, `ndfk `rgws, brfvgrs nkb sg`urfty. Wankbn Nfrofkgs gxpg`ts ti rg`gfvg ciur @TJ-688‖s nfr`rncts burfka tmg rst qunrtgr ic 48>6. Rmg smirt tgre ggt fs gxpg`tgb
ti rgn`m sfx nfr`rnct tiwnrbs tmg gkb ic 4848, wmgk n pnfr ic Nfr dus N00 N008-= 8-=88k 88kgi‖ gi‖ss jifk jifk tmg gg ggt. t. Rmg rst `ieegr`fno famt fs
tgktntfvgoy sgt cir Nprfo 48>6.
DWPFKGPP
Xrfvntg sg`tir n`tfvfty soiws Dy Fsnn` Lmfsn
ankbn‖s prfvntg sg`tir n`tfvfty ariwtm soiwgb fk Nuaust ik tmg dn`l ic `urrgk`y viontfofty nkb rg`gkt spirnbf` rfits. Rmg Ptnkdf` Dnkl Wankbn Xur`mnsfka Enknagrs‖ Fkbgx (XEF) cir enkucn`turfka nkb sgrvf`gs cgoo ti 74.> fk Nuaust crie 70.4 fk Juoy. Rmfs fs sofamtoy dgoiw onst ygnr‖s nkkuno nvgrnag ic 74.=. Nkytmfka ndivg 78 bgkitgs ariwtm< nkytmfka dgoiw, `iktrn`tfik. ‟Qmfog tmg `iuktry‖s prfvntg sg`tir fs stfoo ariwfka, tmg pn`g ic n``gogrntfik mns dggk soiwfka biwk ivgr tmg pnst tmrgg eiktms ir si. Dn`l fk Jukg nkb Juoy, gx`mnkag rntg viontfofty wns onragoy `uopndog cir tmfs,― snfb Jfdrnk ^urgfsmf, tmg ogkbgr‖s rgafikno g`ikiefst cir Gnst Ncrf`n. ‟Miwgvgr, tmg spirnbf` rfits fk pnrts ic tmg `iuktry ivgr tmg onst eiktm `iuob mnvg bfsruptgb trnbg nkb dusfk du sfkgss gss fk vn vnrfi rfius us pnr pnrts ts ic tmg `iuktry.― Wankbn mns sfk`g onst eiktm gxpgrfgk`gb spirnbf` rfits ciooiwfka tmg nrrgst ic
W
ERK Wankbn @GI Qfe Snkmgoogputtg (O) mnkbs ivgr n Pms48 efoofik `mgqug ti Riiri Lfkabie Xrfeg Efkfstgr, Dgrknrb Rukanlwi Ntggkyf. Rmg `iktrfdutfik wns egnkt ti suppirt tmg Lfkabie‖s ”Gepnkai‖ (`irikntfik nkkfvgrsnry) `gogdrntfiks tmnt wns mgob nt tmg Lnruzffln Xnon`g ik Pgpt 8=, 48>=
02 pgipog fk`oubfka ciur ogafsontirs burfka tmg Nrun dy-go dy -gog`t g`tfik fik.. Dgkikf Ilwgkjg, tmg Ptnkdf` Dnkl Cfxgb Fk`ieg Enknagr snfb ikoy Fkbustry nkb Pgrvf`gs sg`tirs rgpirtgb feprivgegkts. ‟… kgw irbgrs crie ndrinb bgtgrfirntgb fk tmg ontgst survgy pgrfib (ns) iutput `iktfkugb ti fk`rgnsg fk Nuaust, wftm noo sg`tirs gx`gpt Narf`uoturg rgpirtfka ariwtm,― mg snfb. Rmfs `iegs ns tmg Dnkl ic Wankbn enfktnfkgb tmg @gktrno Dnkl Tntg nt 6% onst eiktm ‐ tmg oiwgst sfk`g ft nbiptgb Fkntfik Rnragtka Oftg fk 48>> ‐ ti seuontg g`ikief` n`vfgs.
Aifka cirwnrb, ^urgfsmf snfb n eirg stndog pioftf`no gkvfrikegkt gkvfrikeg kt `iuob mgop tmg prfvntg sg`tir rgturk ti eirg siofb ariwtm, sfefonr ti tmg gnroy pnrt ic tmg ygnr. Rmg XEF fs n `iepisftg fkbgx, `no`uontgb ns n wgfamtgb nvgrnag ic vg fkbfvfbuno
sud-`iepikgkts: Kgw Irbgrs sud-`iepikgkts: (08%), Iutput (47%), Gepoiyegkt (48%), Puppofgrs‖ Bgofvgry Rfegs (>7%) nkb Pti`ls ic Xur`mnsgs (>8%).
(O-T) Pnkone Ofcg @GI Jimk Ofktnrf, (O-T) Ofkt nrf, FTN‖s Mgnb ic Tgsgnr`m nkb Bgvgoipegkt, Bgvgoipegkt , Pnkbg Xritnzfi, Xritn zfi, nkb Pnkone Agkgrno Fksurnk`g Wankbn @GI, Anry @irdft, enrls Pnkone‖s >8 ygnrs ic gxfstgk`g fk Wankbn Wankbn nt t mg Lnepnon Pgrgkn Mitgo ik Pgpt 83, 48>=. Rmfs `ifk`fbgb wftm Pnkone Ariup‖s enrlfka >88 ygnrs ic ipgrntfik. Rmg Ariup mns ipgrntfiks fk 00 `iuktrfgs fk Ncrf`n.
Qggloy smnrg prf`g eivgegkt (Pgptgedgr 81) Pg`urfty
Pict Xiwgr @ieeukf`ntfiks OO@ EB Pnrnm Lnafkai (4T), tmg kgwoy gog`tgb prgsfbgkt ic Xudof` Tgontfiks Nssi`fntfik ic Wankbn nkb n sg`tfik ic mgr kgw Aivgrkfka @iuk`fo burfka tmg Nssi`fntfik‖s 2>st Nkkuno Agkgrno Eggtfka, mgob nt Cnfrwny Mitgo Lnepnon. Lnafkai rgpon`gs @yktmfn Epnkan wmi mns dggk nt tmg mgoe sfk`g 48>3. @IWTRGPV XMIRI
Pgptgedgr 81
Nuaust 4=
Eivgegkt
DNRW DIDW
08,888 >27
08888 >22
88 8.1
@GKR
>,>18
1.7
BC@W
688
>,433 688
GNDO GDO
1,436 >,37=
1,302 >,=34
>8.6
JMO
>=,044
>=,371
>.=
LN
284
>.4
L@D
061 >,346
>,1=1
=.=
KF@
>1
>1
88
KEA
4,=4=
0,484
>>.3
KSO
284
222
6.7
PDW
00
00
88
W@ME
2=
74
1.1
W@O
40
40
88
88 2.1
WEGEG
026
078
8.0
NOPF
--
--
--
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
00
@IEEGKR
Dy Pnkbrfkg Bgvfoonrb nkb Nku Enbanvlnr
Qiegk fk tmg bfaftno rgvioutfik Xrispg`ts nrg ofeftgb ns tmgfr n``gss ti tmg Fktgrkgt nkb eidfog pmikgs fs ndiut =7% ic tmnt cir egk faftno tg`mkioiafgs nrg n biudoggbagb swirb cir tmg wirob‖s wiegk. Egk‖s argntgr n``gss ti tmgsg tg`mkioiafgs puts wiegk nt rfsl ic dgfka ogct gvgk curtmgr dgmfkb g`ikief`nooy nkb si`fnooy. Dut fc wiegk `nk tnp tmg cuoo piwgr ic bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs, vftno kgw ippirtukftfgs wfoo ipgk up cir tmge. N``irbfka ti gstfentgs dy tmg APE Nssi`fntfik, wiegk‖s n``gss ti tmg Fktgrkgt nkb eidfog pmikgs fs ndiut =7% ic tmg ogvgo cir egk, ik nvgrnag, nkb n titno ic >.1 dfoofik wiegk fk oiw- nkb efbbog-fk`ieg `iuktrfgs nrg uk`ikkg`tgb. Rmfs sgvgrgoy ofefts tmg prispg`ts ic wiegk nkb afros. Bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs gkmnk`g wiegk‖s
B
n``gss ti knk`g, wftm eidfog dnklfka
gkndofka tmge ti nvifb oika jiurkgys ti n drnk`m ir NRE. Oflgwfsg, tg`mkioiaygkndogb mgnotm `nrg bgofvgrgb vfn pmikg ir tndogt feprivgs mgnotm iut`iegs, ns ft rgn`mgs wiegk gvgk fk tmg rgeitgst nrgns, spnrfka tmge n oika nkb ictgk rfsly trgl ti sgg n bi`tir. Rmg tfegsnvfka pitgktfno ic bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs fs si argnt tmnt tmgy eny enlg tmg bfgrgk`g fk gkndofka wiegk ti sggl pnfb
gepoiyegkt. Ribny, wiegk ukbgrtnlg gepoiyegkt. tmrgg-qunrtgrs tmrgg-qunrtg rs ic noo ukpnfb `nrg wirl, pribu`fka iutput ic nriukb $>8 trfoofik, ir >0% ic aoidno ABX ‐ kikg ic wmf`m fs trnksontgb fkti fk`ieg, ogt noikg g`ikief` piwgr. Dy tmgfr knturg, g-`ieegr`g nkb tg`mkioiay-dnsgb dusfkgssgs igr wiegk eirg gxfdfofty nkb nutikiey, mgopfka tmge ti
enknag mieg rgspiksfdfoftfgs noikasfbg pnfb wirl. Fk Fkbikgsfn, wiegk-iwkgb wiegk-iwkgb dusfkg dus fkgssg ssgss agk agkgrn grntg tg 07% ic gg-`ie `ieegr egr`g `g rgvgkug, `iepnrgb wftm ikoy >7% ic tmg rgvgkug ic ifkg dusfkgssgs.
Oflgwfsg, fk @mfkn, 77% ic kgw Fktgrkgt dusfkgssg dusfkg ssgss nrg nrg ciu ciukbg kbgb b dy dy wieg wiegk, k, nk nkb b Nofdndn‖s Rnidni g-`ieegr`g pontcire mns nk gquno kuedgr ic enog nkb cgenog stirg iwkgrs. Fk cn`t, @mfkn fs mieg ti >>2 ic tmg wirob‖s >21 sgoc-enbg cgenog dfoofiknfrgs, dfoofiknfrgs, `iepnrgb ti just >2 fk tmg sg`ikb-pon`g `iuktry, tmg Wkftgb Ptntgs. Qiegk‖s g`ikief` gepiwgregkt fs aiib kit just cir tmg wiegk wmi dgkgt.
Rmg E`Lfksgy Aoidno Fkstftutg (EAF) mns gstfentgb tmnt nbvnk`fka agkbgr gqunofty `iuob nbb $>4 trfoofik pgr ygnr ti tmg wirob g`ikiey dy 4847. Fk tmg Nsfn-Xn`f` rgafik 02
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
noikg, agfka eirg wiegk fkti cuoo-tfeg
gepoiyegkt fk mfamgr-pnfb, mfamgr-pribu`tfvfty sg`tirs `iuob nbb $2.7 trfoofik pgr ygnr ti ABX, >4% ndivg tmg `urrgkt trnjg`tiry. Nt tmg `iepnky ogvgo, n ariwfka diby ic gvfbgk`g smiws tmnt eirg agkbgr gqunofty fs aiib cir diie ofkgs. Argntgr bfvgrsfty
ic ognbgrsmfp styogs feprivgs tmg qunofty ic bg`fsfik-enlfka. bg`fsfik-en lfka. Fc afvgk tmg ippirtukfty, wiegk `iuob dg ognbfka fkkivntirs fk tmg nag ic nutientfik nkb nrtf`fno fktgoofagk`g,
nkb `iuob mgop ti gksurg tmnt noairftmes nrg crgg ic agkbgr dfns. Dut enjir dnrrfgrs prgvgkt wiegk crie sgfzfka tmgsg ippirtukftfgs. ippirtukftfgs. Cir gxnepog, fk Fkbfn, wmgrg ikoy 46% ic noo Fktgrkgt usgrs nrg cgenog, afros fk rurno nrgns ictgk cn`g agkbgr-dnsgb agkbgr-dn sgb rgstrf`tfiks ik tmgfr usg ic fkcirentfik nkb `ieeukf`ntfiks tg`mkioiafgs. Ikg vfoonag fk Wnr Xrnbgsm fepog egktgb n kg cir nky afro usfka n eidfog
pmikg iutsfbg tmg mieg.
Dgyikb tmg si`fno nftubgs tmnt ukbgr -
efkg wiegk‖s n``gss ti bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs, wiegk nkb afros ictgk bfspripirtfikntgoy on`l tmg rgqufsftg slfoos ti sgfzg tmg ippirtukftfgss ic tmg bfaftno nag. Fk Pfkanippirtukftfg pirg, cir gxnepog, wiegk ona dgmfkb egk fk gbu`ntfik fk s`fgk`g, entm, gkafkggr gkafkggrfka, fka, nkb tg`mkioiay. Nt Knkynka Rg`mkioiaf`no
Wkfvgrsfty, cgenogs `ieprfsgb ikoy 41% ic Wkfvgrsfty, tmg ukbgrarnbuntg `ieputgr-s`fgk`g priarne fk 48>7-48>3, bgspftg n``iuktfka cir mnoc ic noo ukbgrarnbuntg ukbgrarnbuntgss nt tmg ukfvgrsfty. Qmnt fs nt stnlg fs kit just wiegk‖s ndfofty ti sgfzg tmg ippirtukftfgs igrgb dy tmg
bfaftno rgvioutfik, dut nosi tmgfr `npn`fty ti wftmstnkb tmg `iefka wnvg ic nutientfik. N``irbfka ti EAF rgsgnr`m, fk Pfkanpirg noikg, =88,888 cuoo-tfeg-g cuoo-tfeg-gqufvnogk qufvnogktt jids `iuob dg bfspon`gb dy 4808 bug ti nutientfik. Rmg jids tmnt nrg eist vuokgrndog ti nutientfik nrg tmg oiw-pnfb, oiwgr-slfoo oiwgr-slfoo jidss tmnt jid tmnt wie wiegk gk nrg eir eirgg oflg oflgoy oy ti mio miob. b. Nt tmg sneg tfeg, tmiuam nutientfik rfsls bfsruptfka enky jids (ir tnsls wftmfk jids) jid s) cir dit ditmm egk egk nkb wi wiegk egk,, ftft nosi nosi tnl tnlgs gs sieg ic tmg brubagry iut ic `urrgkt wirl, tnfoirfka ft ti muenk ndfoftfgs. Rmg rgsuot `iuob dg mfamgr wnags tmnt `iktrfdutg ti tmg `rgntfik ic eirg kgw jids ‐ 088-037 efoofik wirobwfbg ‐ ns spgkbfka fk`rgnsgs, fk`rgnsgs, wftm gegrafka g`ikiefgs anfkfka tmg eist. Curtmgreirg,, neika tmg kgw jids tmnt Curtmgreirg wfoo dg `rgntgb wfoo dg enky fk gobs oflg
gbu`ntfik nkb mgnotm `nrg, wmgrg wiegk mnvg trnbftfiknooy tmrfvgb. N``irbfka ti EAF rgsgnr`m, eirg tmnk >88 efoofik jids `iuob dg `rgntgb ivgr tmg kgxt >8->7 ygnrs ns mgnotm `nrg nkb gbu`ntfik kggbs ariw. Ft fs kit ygt `ognr gxn`toy miw nutientfik wfoo ng`t wiegk‖s gepoiyegkt. Dut
Rmg su``gss ic wiegk fk g-`ieegr`g nttgsts ti tmg piwgr ic bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs tg`mkioiafg s ti ogvgo tmg g`ikief` ponyfka gob, ti tmg dgkgt ic fkbfvfbuno wiegk
tmgrg fs ki biudt tmnt pritg`tfka ‐ nkb gvgk gkmnk`fka ‐ wiegk‖s jid nkb fk`ieg prispg`ts wfoo rgqufrg uparnbfka tmgfr slfoos, si tmnt tmgy `nk tnlg nbvnktnag ic tmg kgw nkb `mnkafka ippirtukftfgs `rgntgb dy tmg ikaifka bfaftno rgvioutfik. Rmg su``gss ic wiegk fk g-`ieegr`g ngsts ti tmg piwgr ic bfaftno tg`mkioiafgs ti ogvgo tmg g`ikief` ponyfka gob, ti tmg dgkgt ic fkbfvfbuno wiegk, tmgfr
`ieeukftfgs nkb si`fgtfgs, nkb tmg wirob g`ikiey. Eirg wiegk fk wirl ‐ pnrtf`uonroy fk tmg tg`mkioiay fkbustrfgs tmnt nrg smnpfka iur `ioog`tfvg cuturg ‐ wiuob dg aiib kgws cir noo.
Pnkbrfkg Bgvfoonrb fs n sgkfir pnrtkgr nt E`Lfksgy E`Lfks gy & @iep @iepnky nky.. Nku Enb Enbanv anvlnr lnr fs n E`Lfks E`L fksgy gy Aoi Aoidno dno Fks Fkstft tftutg utg pnr pnrtkg tkgr. r. @ipyrfamt: Xrijg`t Pykbf`ntg, 48>=.
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Dy Nkbrgw Encukbi
Enlfka lnvggrn dnk wirl Xudof` suppirt cir tmg aivgrkegkt dnk ik sfkaog usg ponstf` dnas fs fepirtnkt `
`
r
fknooy, nctgr wnftfka cir ivgr gfamt ygnrs, Xrgsfbgkt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf mns irbgrgb tmnt sg`tfik 4 ic tmg 4886 Cfknk`g N`t tmnt primfdfts tmg fepirtntfik, oi`no enkucn`turg, snog ir usg ic ponstf` dnas ir dnas ic pioyegrs ic gtmgkg
C
nkb pioygtmgkg smiuob dg gg`tgb.
Rmg ona wns `nusgb dy fktgksfvg oiddyfka dy pon ponstf stf`` dnas dnas enk enkucn ucn`tu `turgr rgrss nkb nkb on` on`ll ic ic aivgrkegkt `ieeftegkt ti snvg tmg gkvfrikegkt crie ponstf` piooutfik. Qmfog tmg Xrgsfbgkt bfrg`tfvg fs aiib kgws, `iksgrvntfikfsts mnvg kitgb tmnt tmg aivgrkegkt aivgrkeg kt stfoo mns n oit ti bi fc ft fktgkbs ti enlg aiib ik ft dg`nusg gkcir`gegkt gkcir`gegkt ic rgauontfiks fk Wankbn mns ictgk dggk piir. Rmnt egnks sfkaog-usg ponstf` dnas eny `iktfkug ti dg wfbgoy usgb nkb efsenknagb bgspftg primfdftfiks nkb ogvfgs. Dut, wmnt‖s tmg dfa bgno ndiut Xonstf` dnas ir lnvggrn9 Rmg stntfstf`s ndiut ponstf` piooutfik nrg ns bfsturdfka ns fts bgvnstntfka fepn`ts. Ft fs gstfentgb tmnt pioytmgkg dnas tnlg 48 ti >888 ygnrs ti bg`iepisg. Rmgy nrg enbg crie kik-rgkgwndog rgsiur`gs nkb `iktrfdutg ti `ofentg `mnkag. Rmg entgrfno usgb fk tmgfr pribu`tfik `nkkit dfibg df ibgarn arnbg, bg, tmg tmgyy rgen rgenfk fk fk tmg gkv gkvfri frikeg kegkt kt cir tmiusnkbs ic ygnrs< `oiaafka onkboos,
piooutfka rfvgrs nkb onlgs, `nusfka mnre ti iur knturno pon`gs, iur wfobofcg nkb iur iwk mgnotm. Ri put tmfs fk pgrspg`tfv pgrspg`tfvg, g, tmg Wkftgb Kntfiks Gkvfrikegktno Xriarneeg Pg`rgtnrfnt gstfentgs tmnt ponstf` pn`lnafka n``iukts cir kgnroy mnoc ic noo ponstf` wnstg aoidnooy. Rmg WK diby aigs ik ti wnrk tmnt fc prgsgkt trgkbs `iktfkug, dy 4878, iur i`gnks wfoo mnvg eirg ponstf` tmnk sm.
Fc Wankbn fepogegkts tmg sfkaog-usg ponstf` dnas dnk, tmgrg wfoo dg n argnt rgbu`tfik fk tmg gg`ts nssi`fntgb wftm tmgfr usg
nkb fepripgr bfspisno. bfspisno. Ft `iuob nosi dg n stgp tiwnrbs eirg `ieprgmgksfvg piof`fgs nfefka nt rgbu`fka tmg agkgrntfik ic ponstf` wnstg nkb nt rgpon`fka sfkaog-usg ponstf`s wftm eirg sustnfkndog, g`i-crfgkboy notgrkntfvgs. Miwgvgr, ogt us kit ciragt tmg `mnoogkag tmnt ofgs nmgnb. Ft fs fepirtnkt tmnt wg gkanag fk ns eu`m pudof` `iksuotntfik ns pissfdog ti gksurg n seiitm trnksftfik tmriuam tmg dnk ti fepogegktntfik. Oflg enky gkvfrikeg gkvfrikegktno ktno fssugs, wmnt‖s efssfka fs tmg oika-tgre vfsfik wmgrg noo stnlgmiobgrss wirl tiwnrbs jifkt sioutfiks stnlgmiobgr
ti rgbu`g tmg mgnvy durbgk ic kit ikoy sfkaog-usg ponstf` dnas dut tmg gktfrg ponstf` piooutfik. Cir-gxnepog, dgsfbgs tmg pgipog‖s kgaofagk`g, tmg onrag prgsgk`g ic sfkaog-usg ponstf`s fk tmg gkvfrikegkt fs fkbf`ntfvg ic piir ir cnfofka wnstg enknagegkt systges. Rmg sioutfik ofgs fk tn`lofka tmg riits ic tmg pridoge. Rmg aivgrkegkt kggbs ti gednrl
bg`fsfik nkb nky pukftfvg egnsurgs tmnt wfoo ciooiw. Rmg riogs nkb rgspiksfdfoftfgs
ik nk gg`tfvg wnstg enknagegkt systge
ti sgg sykgrafsgb girts dy noo ic si`fgty,
nkb ti gbu`ntg nkb `rgntg nwnrgkgss neika oi`no `ieeukftfgs. Nt tmfs stnag, tmg aivgrkegkt mns tmg ippirtukfty ti nssgss tmg dgst pri`gss ti ciooiw nkb gstfentg tmg tfeg nkb rgsiur`gs kggbgb< knegoy tmg fkstftutfikno `npn`fty nkb tmg gxfstfka g`ikief` `ikbftfiks ti gksurg tmnt tmg stgps dgfka `iksfbgrgb nrg rgnofstf` nkb mnvg mfam `mnk`gs ic dgfka su``gsscuooy fepogegktg fepogegktgb. b. Ft fs, tmgrgcirg, nbvfsndog tmnt dgcirg tmg piof`y gktgrs fkti cir`g, tmg aivgrkeg aivgrkegkt kt smiuob nssgss nvnfondfofty ic nirbndog nkb
vnofb notgrkntfvgs ti ponstf` dnas. Rmg pri`gss cir gkcir`gegkt smiuob nosi dg enb enbgg `ogn `ognrr ti ti tmg tmg usg usgrs rs tmn tmntt wfoo wfoo dg fepn`tgb dy tmg piof`y nkb `nrry-iut stnlgmiobgr gkanagegkt cir n``gptnk`g tmriuam `noos cir gnroy pnrtf`fpntfik, piof`y bgdntg, nkb kntfikno-wfbg nwnrgkgss `nepnfaks. Ri sustnfkndoy gkcir`g nkb eikftir tmg dnk,, nutm dnk nutmirf irftfg tfgss mnv mnvgg ti ti `ogn `ognroy roy gxp gxponf onfkk tmg tmg
Lfanof-Twnkbn, n pfikggr fk dnkkfka sfkaog-usg ponstf` dnas, wns kiefkntgb kiefkntgb dy WK Mndftnt fk 488= ns tmg `ognkgst `fty fk Ncrf`n
ic bfgrgkt stnlgmiobgrs smiuob dg `ognroy bgkgb nt noo ogvgos ic aivgrknk`g.
Onstoy, wmfog tmfs sirt ic gkvfrikegktno fssug kggbs ti dg aivgrkegkt ognb, ft fs kit uktfo tmg pudof` stnrts ti `nrg, tmnt siegtmfka wfoo agt bikg. Ft wiuob dg gk`iurnafka wmgtmgr tmg pudof`, fkbustrfgs, KAIs ir aivgrkegkt aivgrkeg kt ti rgbu`g ponstf` dnas nkb pusm cir n arnbuno dgmnvfiur `mnkag nkb titno dnk ic lnv lnvgg ggrn. rn. Nt cnef cnefoy oy nkb pg pgrsi rsikno kno ogv ogvgo, go, tmgrg nrg tmfkas gn`m ikg ic us `nk dgafk bifka ti snvg tmg gkvfrikegkt. Brnfknag `mnkkgos `mnkkgos nrg stfoo `oiaagb wftm ponstf`s dg`nusg tii enky pgipog stfoo bi kit kb ft gednrrnssfka ti tmriw anrdnag
iut ic `nrs nkb ik tmg strggts. Qg `nkkit `iktfkug ti doneg tmg aivgrkegkt nkb fk`ikvgkfgk`g ir ciragtcuokgss cir ivgr-rgofnk`g ivgr-rgof nk`g ik ponstf` dnas. Qg `nk gk`iurnag pgipog ti enlg senoo ofcgstyog `mnkags tmnt `nk mnvg n sfakf`nkt
fepn`t ik tmg gkvfrikegkt. Ft fs tmg bnfoy ponstf`s tmnt wg duy ir pf`l crie smips, supgrenrlgts, supgrenrlg ts, nkb rgstnurnkts tmnt mnvg dg`ie dg `iegg sfog sfogkt kt sg sgrfn rfnoo lfoo lfoogrs grs.. Xonstf` enkucn`turgrs nkb dgkg`fnrfgs smiuob lkiw tmnt tmgrg nrg dggr g`i-
crfgkboy notgrkntfvgs nvnfondog< knegoy rgusndog dnas wmf`m prgsgkt nk ippirtukfty ti `rgntg sustnfkndog pribu`ts nkb tmg jids tmnt ai wftm tmge. Lfanof-Twnkbn, n pfikggr fk dnkkfka sfkaog-usgg ponstf` dnas, wns kiefkntgb sfkaog-us dy WK Mnd Mndftn ftntt fk fk 488= 488= ns tmg `og `ognkg nkgst st `ft `ftyy fk Ncrf`n nkb fs kiw fs sggk ns ikg ic tmg `ognkgst kntfiks ik gnrtm. Lgkyn ciooiwgb suft fk 48>1. Wkbgr tmg kgw onw, igkbgrs `nk cn`g kgs ic up ti $0=,888 ir ciur-ygnr jnfo tgres<
enlfka tmgfr ponstf` dna dnk tmg eist sgvgrg fk tmg wirob. Ft fs mgopfka ti `ognr Lgkyn‖s f`ikf` kntfikno pnrls nkb diist tiurfse. Twnkbn‖s eiktmoy oi`no `iuk`fo `ognk-ups `nk dg n piwgrcuo tiio ti nbipt nkb n`mfgvg pisftfvg gkvfrikegktno fepn`ts nkb `ieeukfty nwnrgkgss nkb gkanagegkt. Kiw fs tmg tfeg cir dfa n`tfik nt n aoidno nkb oi`no s`nog. Riagtmgr, wg `nk bi ft. Nkbrgw Enc Nkbrgw Encukb ukbii fs fs Gxg` Gxg`utf utfvg vg Bfr Bfrg`ti g`tirr ic ic @FRFZGKP @IK@GTK NCTF@N. Nkbrgw Nkb rgw.en .encuk cukbiH biHaen aenfo. fo.`ie `ie Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
07
@IEEGKR
Dy Vian Nbmion
Qmy Eusgvgkf bgagkgrntgb N rgjifkbgr ti Wofewgkau‖s nrtf`og ik Eusgvgkf ic tibny eggtfka Eusgvgkf ic ygstgrbny k Rugsbny, Nuaust 4=, 48>= Rmg Gnst Ncrf`nk pudofsmgb nk nrtf`og, ‟Fc Eusgvgkf ic tibny egt Viwgrf Eusgvgkf tmg rgvioutfiknry, tmgy wiuob smiit gn`m itmgr― dy Jgkgrnof Wofewgkau. Fk tmg nrtf`og, Wofewgkau
I
rgg`tgb: ‟Enky ic tmisg wmi lkgw
Viwgrf ns n rgvioutfiknry stubgkt ognbgr nt tmg Wkfvgrsfty ic Bnr gs Pnonne oiil nt tmg enk mg mns dg`ieg nkb wikbgr wmnt wiuob mnppgk fc tmg twi Viwgrfs wgrg gvgr ti eggt. ‟Rmgy wiuob smiit gn`m itmgr― qufppgb nk n`qunfktnk`g. Vgt tmg fp-ips ic pioftf`fnks tibny nrg kitmfka `iepnrgb wftm tmg argntgst fpip ic noo tfegs fk iur rgafik.
F kggb ti pifkt iut tmnt Wofewgkau nkb Eusgvgkf wgrg stubgkts nt tmg Wkfvgrsfty ic Bnr gs snonne nt tmg sneg tfeg. Ditm wgrg ik tmg ogct-wfka ic stubgkt pioftf`s. Wofewgkau wns n`tfvg fk RNKW Viutm Ognaug nkb Eusgvgkf wns ognbfka WPWTC. Rmg pifkt wmf`m sgges ti gs`npg Wofewgkau fs tmnt tmg si-`noogb rgvioutfiknry fbgioiay tmgy gedrn`gb nt tmg tfeg wns fkcnktfog nkb `iuob kit n``urntgoy rgg`t tmg sftuntfik nkb `irrg`toy aufbg. F mnvg `ikbgk`g ti stntg tmfs dg`nusg F
nrrfvgb fk Bnr gs Pnonne crie tmg Wkfvgrsfty ic Knfridf fk >61>. Jgkgrnof Wofewgkau nkb Eusgvgkf mnb arnbuntgb tmg ygnr dgcir dg cirg. g. Rm Rmgg Wkfv Wkfvgrs grsfty fty ic Bn Bnrr gs gs snon snonne ne wns tggefka wftm ogct-wfka tmfklfka. Rmg Wkfvgrsfty ic Knfridf wmgrg F mnb dggk wns vgry rfamt wfka. wfka. F `iuob kit ciooiw tmg ogctogctwfka fbgns ic ey `iktgepirnrf `iktgepirnrfgs. gs. F quf`loy gednrlgb ik n priarne ic sgocgbu`ntfik. Ft bfb kit tnlg oika cir eg ti `nt`m up wftm tmg Eusgvgkfs. Nkb tmnt fs wmgk F jifkgb Criknsn. Criknsn wns nfefka nt drfkafka ndiut n @udnk-typg ic rgvioutfik fk Wankbn. Rmg pridoge wns tmg sftuntfik fk Wankbn wns kit rfpg cir tmnt rgvioutfik ns bgkgb dy
Ogkfk. Ogkfk writg: ‟Ri tmg Enrxfst ft fs fkbfsputndog tmnt n rgvioutfik fs fepissfdog wftmiut n rgvioutfiknry sftuntfik< curtmgreirg, ft fs kit gvgry rgvioutfiknry sftuntfik tmnt ognbs ti rgvioutfik. Qmnt, agkgrnooy spgnlfka, nrg tmg syepties ic n rgvioutfiknry sftuntfik9 sftuntfik9
Qg smnoo `grtnfkoy kit dg efstnlgk fc wg fkbf`ntg tmg ciooiwfka tmrgg enjir syepties: 03
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
wmgk ft fs fepissfdog cir tmg ruofka `onssgs ti enfktnfk tmgfr ruog wftmiut nky `mnkag< wmgk tmgrg fs n `rfsfs, fk ikg cire ir nkitmgr, neika tmg ‟uppgr `onssgs―, n `rfsfs fk tmg piof`y ic tmg ruofka `onss, ognbfka ti n ssurg tmriuam
wmf`m tmg bfs`iktgkt nkb fkbfakntfik ic tmg ipprgssgb `onssgs dursts cirtm. Cir n rgvioutfik ti tnlg pon`g, ft fs usunooy fksu`fgkt cir ‟tmg oiwgr `onssgs kit
ti wnkt― ti ofvg fk tmg iob wny< ft fs nosi kg`gssnry tmnt ‟tmg uppgr `onssgs smiuob dg ukndog― ti ofvg fk tmg iob wny<
wmgk tmg sugrfka nkb wnkt ic tmg
ipprgssgb `onssgs mnvg ariwk eirg n`utg tmnk usuno< wmgk ns n `iksgqugk`g ic tmg ndivg `nusgs, tmgrg fs n `iksfbgrndog fk`rgnsg fk`rgnsg fk tmg n`tfvfty ic tmg enssgs, wmi uk`ieponfkfkaoy uk`ieponfk fkaoy nooiw tmgesgovg tmgesgovgss ti dg riddgb fk ‟pgn`g tfeg―, dut, fk turduogkt tfegs, nrg brnwk ditm dy tmg `fr`uestnk`gss ic tmg `rfsfs nkb dy tmg `fr`uestnk`g uppgr `onssgs tmgesgovgs fkti fkbgpgkbgkt pioftf`no n`tfik. Qftmiut tmgsg idjg`tfvg `mnkags, wmf`m nrg fkbgpgkbgkt ic tmg wfoo, kit ikoy ic fkbfvfbuno ariups nkb pnrtfgs dut gvgk ic fkbfvfbuno `onssgs, n rgvioutfik, ns n agkgrno ruog, fs fepissfdog. Rmg titnofty ic noo tmgsg idjg`tfvg `mnkags fs `noogb n rgvioutfiknry sftuntfik. Pu`m n sftuntfik gxfstgb fk >687 fk Tussfn. Rmg strnkag tmfka fs, fk mfs gssny, hCnkik‖s tmgiry ic vfiogk`g nkb fts vgrf`ntfik fk Eiznedfqug‖, Eusgvgkf rgvfsgb tmfs bgkf -
tfik si tmnt ft `iuob nppgnr tmg sftuntfik wns rfpg. Rmfs wns titnooy sgoc-sgrvfka. Rmg sftuntfik rgenfkgb cnr crie dgfka rfpg. Nanfkst sfefonr dn`lariukb, Eusgvgkf wgkt ik ti onuk`m wmnt mg vfgwgb ns n wnr ti drfka ndiut n rgvioutfik fk Wankbn. Rmfs fs tmg Ouwgri dusm wnr. Fk tmfs wnr ic mfs, mg nbnptgb tmg egtmibioiay nbvi`ntgb dy Tgafs Bgdrny. Wklkiwk ti Eusgvgkf, dy tmg tfeg mg wns rst rgnbfka Tgafs Bgdrny, Bgdrny‖s wrft fkas mnb norgnby dggk bfs`rgbftgb nkb si mnb mfs si-`noogb rgvioutfiknry strntgay. Fkftfnooy, tmg KTN, ns tmg Eusgvgkf iutt
wns lkiwk, wns n kufsnk`g ti tmg aivgrkegkt. Miwgvgr, wmgk n spg`fno drfanbg ti
amt tmg fksuragk`y `neg fkti dgfka, tmfkas
arnbunooy `mnkagb. Dy tmg tfeg ic tmg >6=7 `iup, Eusgvgkf mnb dggk bgcgntgb nkb mnb gvgk rgturkgb
ti Pwgbgk. N `iup tmnt driuamt fkti piwgr nk fkgpt juktn tiil pon`g fk Juoy >6=7. Eusgvgkf rgariupgb nkb wns ndog ti usm
iut tmg juktn fk sfx smirt eiktms. Rmfs vf`tiry turkgb iut ti dg n pifsikgb `mnof`g. Dg`nusg tmg sftuntfik wns kit rfpg cir rgvioutfik, tmfkas turkgb up ti dg wmnt Crgbrf`l Gkagos bgs`rfdgb fk mfs gssny, hRmg Xgnsnkt Qnr fk Agrenky‖. Rmfs fs wmnt mg writg: ‟Rmg wirst tmfka tmnt `nk dgcnoo n ognbgr ic nk gxtrgeg pnrty fs ti dg `iepgoogb ti tnlg ivgr n aivgrkegkt fk nk gpi`m wmgk tmg eivgegkt fs kit ygt rfpg cir tmg biefkntfik ic tmg `onss wmf`m mg rgprgsgkts nkb cir tmg rgnofsntfik ic tmg egnsurgs wmf`m tmnt biefkntfik wiuob fepoy. Qmnt mg `nk bi bgpgkbs kit upik mfs wfoo dut upi upikk tmg tmg smn smnrpk rpkgss gss ic tmg `on `onsm sm ic fkt fktgrgrgsts dgtwggk tmg vnrfius `onssgs, nkb upik tmg bgargg ic bgvgoipegkt ic tmg entgrfno egnks ic gxfstgk`g, tmg rgontfiks ic pribu`tfik nkb egnks ic `ieeukf`ntfik upik wmf`m tmg `onsm ic fktgrgsts ic tmg `onssgs fs dnsgb dns gb gv gvgr gryy tfeg tfeg.. Qmnt mg iuamt ti bi, wmnt mfs pnrty bgenkbs ic mfe, nanfk bgpgkbs kit upik mfe, ir upik tmg bgargg ic bgvgoipeg bgvgoipegkt kt ic tmg `onss struaaog nkb fts `ikbftfiks. Mg fs diukb ti mfs bi`trfkgs nkb tmg bgenkbs mftmgrti pripiukbgb wmf`m bi kit genkntg crie tmg fktgrrgontfiks ic tmg si`fno `onssgs nt n afvgk eiegkt, ir crie tmg eirg ir ogss n``fbgktno ogvgo ic rgontfiks ic pribu`tfik nkb egnks ic `ieeukf`ntfik, dut crie mfs eirg ir ogss pgkgtrntfka fksfamt fkti tmg agkgrno rgsuot ic tmg si`fno nkb pioftf`no eivgegkt. Rmus mg kg`gssnrfoy kbs mfesgoc fk n
bfogeen. Qmnt mg `nk bi fs fk `iktrnst ti noo mfs n`tfiks ns mftmgrti prn`tfsgb, ti noo mfs prfk`fpogs nkb ti tmg prgsgkt fktgrgsts ic mfs pnrty< wmnt mg iuamt ti bi `nkkit dg n`m n`mfgv fgvgb. gb. Fk n wirb wirb,, mg mg fs fs `iep `iepgoo googb gb ti rgprgsgkt kit mfs pnrty ir mfs `onss, dut tmg `onss cir wmie `ikbftfiks nrg rfpg cir biefkntfik. Fk tmg fktgrgsts ic tmg eivgegkt ftsgoc, mg fs `iepgoogb ti bgcgkb tmg fktgrgsts ic nk nofgk `onss, nkb ti cggb mfs iwk `onss wftm pmrnsgs nkb priefsgs, wftm tmg nssgrtfik tmnt tmg fktgrgsts ic tmnt nofgk `onss nrg tmgfr iwk fktgrgsts. Qmigvgr puts mfesgoc fk tmfs nwlwnrb pisftfik fs frrgvi`ndoy oist.― Vian Vi an Nbmion fs n ognbfka fbgioiaug ic tmg WX@.
Wankbn‖s irno mgnotm `rfsfs cggbs ik fts eibgrkfty Vgt ei Vg eibg bgrk rk si siou outf tfik iks s of ofl lg pi piof ofsm smg gs, rg rgco coos os,, bgkturgs nkb feponkts nrg tii gxpgksfvg Dy Convfn Knssnln
ibn. Lgt`mup. F`g `rgne. Qmftg drgnb dr gnb.. Qmnt Qmnt bi tmg tmgyy mnvg mnvg fk `ieeik9 Ikg nkswgr `iuob dg tmn tmntt tmg tmgyy nrg nrg stn stnpo pogs gs ic tmg eibgrk urdnk bfkfka egku. Nkitmgr nkswgr `iuob dg tmnt tmgy `iktnfk tikkgs ic wmnt gxpgrts `noo ‟mfbbgk suanr―. Qmfog eist Wankbnks nssi`fntg su`m ftges wftm tmg trgkbs ic tmg eibgrk egku, vgry cgw lkiw ir `nrg ndiut tmg bnkagrius suanr fk tmge. Nkb tmnt fs tmg pridoge n``irbfka ti Br. Gstmgr Oulwnai, n Bgktno suragik nt Lnys< n prfvntg bgktno `ofkf` fk Lnepnon. Pmg snys tmg mfbbgk suanrs fk su`m ciib ftges nrg rgspiksfdog cir tmg fk`rgnsfka
P
`nsgs ic rigk tggtm neika Wankbnks. Pmg
snys tiitm bg`ny, wmf`m fs tg`mkf`nooy `noogb bgktno `nrfgs, i``urs fk 78% ic vg ygnr iobs
nkb ukbgr, 18% fk tmisg iobgr ti ndiut >7 ygnrs, nkb 68% fk nbuots wmi mnvg nt ikg pifkt mnb n bgktno pridoge. N``irbfka ti mgr, tmfs fs wirryfka trgkb. Oulwnai snys iut ic gvgry ciur pntfgkts smg sggs, ikg wfoo mnvg twi ir eirg `nrfgs wmf`m tmgy eny kit dg nwnrg ic. ‟Rmfs suanr wg nbb ti iur tgn fs kitmfka. N 088eo zzy brfkl wfoo mnvg up ti = tgn spiiks ic suanr. Rmg lgt`mup, tmg f`g `rgne tmgy mnvg n oit ic suanr nbbgb ti tmge nkb tmgsg nrg wmnt pgipog nrg fk`rgnsfkaoy iptfka cir. Ft kgvgr usgb ti mnppgk oflg tmfs―. Nkitmgr gxpgrt, Br. Crnk`fs Onlir, n `iksuotnkt Irno nkb Enxfooicn`fno suragik `noos fk`rgnsfka tiitm bg`ny ‟nk gg`t ic eibgr kfty nkb `fvfofzntfik―. Mg snys dg`nusg ic tmfs, wmnt bgktfsts fk Wankbn nrg sggfka fk pgipog‖s eiutms ‟fs n pgkbfka pudof` mgnotm `rfsfs―. Mg gxponfks tmnt wmgk yiu gnt nky ciib ir brfkl, sieg ic ft fs ogct ik yiur tggtm. Pu`m ciib, wmf`m ictgk `iktnfks suanr
ir stnr`m dg`ieg ciib cir dn`tgrfn tmnt ofvg kirenooy ik tmg tggtm nkb nrg `noogb bgktno ponqug. Rmgsg enssgs enssgs ic dn`tgrfn `nk dg sgg sggk, k, fkf fkftfn tfnooy ooy,, ns ns driw driwkk ir ir pnog pnog yg ygooi ooiw w enssgs ik tmg surcn`g ic bfrty tggtm, ir fk spn`g dgtwggk tggtm. Fc tmgsg dn`tgrfn nrg kit rgeivgb, tmgy stnrt ti nn`l tmg suanr nkb
stnr`m fk n pri`gss tmnt pribu`gs n`fb wmf`m wgnlgkss tmg tiitm nkb arnbunooy pribu`g wgnlgk miogs `noogb `nvfty. Onlir snys `nvftfgs nkb aue bfsgnsgs, wmf`m nrg tmg eist `ieeik bgktno bfsgnsgs `nusgb dy tmgsg dn`tgrfn, `nk dg nvifbgb dy sfe sfepog pog prn prn`tf `tf`gs `gs tmn tmntt prgs prgsgrv grvgg ikg ikg‖s ‖s irn irnoo myafgkg ns rg`ieegkbgb. N``irbfka ti tmg bgktfsts, Wankbnks nrg nbiptfka eibgrk bfgts wftmiut nbiptfka eibgrk irno myafgkg prn`tf`gs. Rmnt fs enfkoy tmg pridoge. Rmg itmgr pridoge fs tmnt ft fs kit `ognr miw trnbftfikno bfgts pritg`tgb tggtm. Miwgvgr, Qirob Irno Mgnotm Tgpirts pudofsmgb dy tmg Qirob Mgnotm Irankfsntfik (QMI) ns rg`gktoy ns 4880 smiwgb tmnt eist ic Ncrf`n mnb gftmgr vgry oiw ir oiw rntgs ic bgktno bg`ny. Rmg prgs`rfdgb eibgrk quf`l sioutfik cir tmg fk`rgnsfka rntgs ic bgktno bg`ny fs drusmPgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
01
MGNORM
fka nt ognst twf`g n bny wftm rg`ieegkbgb tiitmpnstg, usfka bgktno iss rgauonroy nkb
eiutm wnsmgs. Fk tmg `nsg ic eiutm wnsmgs, usg smiuob kit dg bnfoy. Rmfs smiuob dg bikg tiagtmgr wftm n rgbu`tfik fk suanr fktnlg. Rmg QMI rg`ieegkbs tmnt ikoy 7% ic n pgrsik‖s titno bnfoy `noirfgs smiuob `ieg crie suanr fc wg nrg ti bgno wftm su`m `mnoogkags ns bgktno `nrfgs. Br Onlir snys tmg dgst sioutfik ti ivgr`iefka noo tmg bgktno wigs fs ti mnvg yiur tggtm `mg`lgb dy n pricgssfikno cir wgookgss nt ognst twf`g gvgry ygnr. Rmgk, n bgktfst wfoo dg ndog ti prgvgkt n dufobup ic ponqug dy `og `ognk nkfka fka nkb pio piofsm fsmfka fka yiu yiurr tgg tggtm tm wft wftmm `mgef`nos. Ns fk noo tmfkas, tmgrg nrg tmisg wmi nraug nanfkst `ikstnkt vfsfts ti tmg bgktfst. Rmfs `nep fksfsts tmnt tmg lgy fs n pripgr bfgt, rf`m fk `no`fue, enakgsfue, pmispmirius, pmispmiriu s, nkb Sftnefks N, D, nkb @. Rmgy tnol ic rnw efol yiamurt, vgagtndogs, nkb ogss pri`gssgb ciibs oflg drgnb.
Qmi nirbs ft9
Rmg itmgr `rftf`fse nanfkst vfsftfka tmg bgktfst fs `ist. Gvgk neika tmisg wmi nargg tmnt aifka ti tmg bgktfst riutfkgoy `nk argntoy feprivg tmgfr irno mgnotm, enky stfoo stny nwny dg`nusg bgktno pri`gburgs nrg gxpgksfvg ‐ tmg rgnsik enky mgnotm fksurnk`g ponks fk Wankbn bik‖t `ivgr tmge. Eist pgipog wnft uktfo tmg tiitm mns bg`nygb si eu`m tmnt ft mns `nusg nk nds`gss nkb tmg `mggl fs ndiut ti durst. Rmgk tmgy mgnb ti aivgrkegkt iwkgb pudof` cn`foftfgs wmgrg bgktno pri`gburgs su`m ns tmgsg nrg suppisgb ti dg bikg crgg ic `mnrag. Ictgk tmg tiitm fs sfepoy puoogb iut. Justt tmfk Jus tmfklfk lfkaa ndiu ndiutt su`m su`m n pri` pri`gbu gburg rg enlgs gxpgrts oflg Oulwnai nkb Onlir `rfkag. Rmgy wfoo kgvgr rg`ieegkb rgeivfka n tiitm ukogss noo tmg itmgr pri`gburgs mnvg cnfogb. ‟Ft‖s bnkagrius ti oisg yiur tggtm,― snys Oulwnai, ‟Qg‖vg dggk oisfka n oit ic tggtm ukkg`gssnrfoy dg`nusg noo tmg pudof` lkgw wns ti agt rfb ic tmnt murtfka tiitm dut kiw wg mnvg noo tmgsg iptfiks.― Pmg snys tmg dgst trgntegkt bgpgkbs ik tmg gxtgkt ic tmg pridoge nkb tmg nag ic tmg pntfgkt dut trgntegkt fk`oubgs gvgk `isegtf` ikgs oflg rgcirefka efssmnpfka efssmnpfka tggtm, sgnonkts cir tmisg wftm `nvftfgs ti riit `nkno tmgrnpfgs tmnt fkviovg lfoofka tmg riits ic tmg tiitm. Pmg egktfiks tg`mkioiay usfka `grnef` entgrfnos nkb 0B rgkbgrfkas ti `ivgr n wgnl tiitm wftm n `riwk ir rgpon`g ikg tmnt `nkkit dg rgpnfrgb wftm bgkturgs. Mg snys fc sieg dndy tggtm nrg rgeivgb, ft `iuob ognb ti eionrs wmf`m nppgnr ontgr cnfofka ti gstndofsm pripgroy. Rmg `mfobrgk efamt kit spgnl wgoo nkb tmg jnw dikg efamt dg bgciregb. Neika tmg gobgroy, n oiss ic tggtm `iepriefsgs kutrftfik ns tmgy `nkkit `mgw `grtnfk ciibs. Ri nvifb tmnt, stnrt dy nvifbfka sibn, lgt`mup, f`g `rgne, nkb wmftg drgnb. Nosi drusm rgauonroy. Ft bfsrupts tmg ponqug `nusg dn`tgrfn. 0=
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
Dnb kgws cir tmg drnfk Rmgsg gvgrybny `mgef`nos eny nccg`t drnfk bgvgoipegkt, `mfob F^ Dy Dnrdnrn Bgegkgfx
oo vgrtgdrntgs ‐ crie crias nkb dfrbs dfr bs ti mu muenk enk dgf dgfkas kas ‐ rgqu rgqufrg frg tmg sneg tmyrifb mireikg ti tmrfvg. Gvgry stnag ic drnfk bgvgoipegkt fs eibuontgb dy tmyrifb mireikg nkb, ivgr efoofiks ic ygnrs, tmg stru`turg ic tmfs `rftf`no mireikg mns rgenfkgb uk`mnkagb. Dut, fk`rgnsfkaoy, tmg trnppfkas ic eibgrk ofcg nrg prgvgktfka ft crie ponyfka fts `rftf`no riog fk muenk drnfk bgvgoipegkt. Rmyrifb mireikg sfaknoofka fs vgry vuokgrndog ti fktgrcgrgk`g dy `mgef`nos tmnt `nk s`rnedog tmg gkbi`rfkg `ieeukf`ntfik riutgs dgtwggk `goos. Rmgsg gkbi`rfkg bfsruptirs, ns tmgy nrg `noogb, fk`oubg udfquftius `mgef`nos su`m ns
N
pgstf`fbgs, ponstfgrs, neg rgtnrbnkts nkb
surcn`tnkts, noo ic wmf`m nrg ciukb fk iur ciib, kik-stf`l pnks, curkfturg, `ognkfka pribu`ts, `oitmgs nkb `isegtf`s. Rmgy nrg gvgk ciukb fk tmg nfr wg drgntm nkb tmg wntgr wg brfkl. Rmfs fs dnb kgws cir iur drnfks, nkb `mfobrgk‖s drnfk dr nfkss fk fk pnrt pnrtf`u f`uonr onr.. Rmyrifb mireikg sgrvgs euotfpog cuk`tfiks fk ir`mgstrntfkaa tmg pribu`ir`mgstrntfk tfik nkb bfgrgktfntfik
ic tmg >88 dfoofik `goos tmnt enlg up tmg muenk drnfk. Qftmiut tmg rfamt neiukt ic tmyrifb mireikg nt tmg rfamt tfeg, muenk dndfgs wfoo sugr sgvgrg
fktgoog`tuno bfsndfoftfgs, bfsndfoftfgs, bgvgoipfka nk F^ ic ikoy ndiut 07. Fk n rg`gkt gxpgrfegkt, `ikbu`tgb ik tnbpiogs, wg tgstgb tmg mypitmgsfs tmnt `ieeik `mgef`nos fk tmg gkvfrikegkt, sfkaoy nkb ns n efxturg, `nk fktgrcgrg wftm drnfk bgvgoipegkt fk muenks. Aoidno `mgef`no pribu`tfik mns fk`rgnsgb 088 tfegs ivgr tmg onst 78 ygnrs, n``irbfka ti tmg Wkftgb Kntfiks Gkvfrikegkt Xriarneeg. Afvgk tmnt noo ic tmg `ieeik eiog`uogs wg usgb fk iur gxpgrfegkt nrg ciukb nt sfefonr `ik`gktrntfiks fk muenk nekfitf` ufb, ikg eust dg `ik`grkgb ndiut tmg pitgktfno gg`ts ic tmfs efxturg ik cigtno
drnfk dr nfk bgv bgvgoi goipeg pegkt. kt. Fk rg`gkt ygnrs, wg mnvg ognrkgb tmnt senoo vnrfntfiks fk n wienk‖s tmyrifb mireikg ogvgos burfka gnroy prgaknk`y
sfakf`nktoy fepn`t mgr `mfob‖s F^ nkb drnfk stru`turg, fk`oubfka tmg rntfi ic argy engr (kguriks) ti wmftg engr (aofn `goos).
Efamt fktrn-utgrfkg gxpisurg ti tmyrifb-
bfsruptfka `mgef`nos, `mgef`nos, tmgk, dg ofklgb ti tmg nppnrgkt rfsg fk kguribgvgoipegktno bfsgnsgs, su`m ns nutfse nkb ngktfik bg`ft
mypgrn`tfvfty bfsirbgr (NBMB)9 Tgsgnr`m gepmnsfsgs tmg agkgtf` dnsgs ic nutfse spg`true bfsirbgrs, dut ft fs mfamoy ponusfdog tmnt gkvfrikegktno cn`tirs `iuob gxn`grdntg agkgtf` sus`gptfdfoftfgs. sus`gptfdfoftfgs. Fk stubfgs `ikbu`tgb ik agstntfka rnts, nutfse-oflg dgmnvf dgm nvfiur iur fk is isprf prfka ka mns dgg dggk k ofkl ofklgb gb ti
bfsruptfiks fk tmyrifb-mireikg sfaknofka, spg`f`nooy mypitmyrifbfse.
Rmg tnlgnwny
Ribny, `mgef`no `iktnefkntfik fs su`m tmnt wg nrg noo gxpisgb ti mukbrgbs ic `mgef`nos, cgw ic wmf`m mnvg dggk cuooy tgstgb cir tmgfr tixf` gg`ts. Ofog fs lkiwk ndiut tmgfr pitgktfno gg`ts ik iur mireik -
no systges, nkb gvgk ogss ndiut miw tmgy n`t tiagtmgr ns efxturgs ti mnvg n ‟`i`ltnfo gg`t―. Iur kbfkas smiwfka nbvgrsg gg`ts ik tnb-
piogs‖ tmyrifb-mire tmyrifb-mireikg ikg sfaknofka, fk`oubfka rgbu`gb kgurikno kue dgr nkb eid eidfof fofty, ty, fkb fkbf`n f`ntg tg tmg uragkt kggb ti rgvfsft tmg wny `mgef`nos nrg tgstgb dgcirg tmgy mft tmg enrlgt. Ns n `nutfiknry tnog, rg`noo tmnt pnrn`gtneio, tmg enfk fkargbfgkt fk enky pnfklfoogrs, wmf`m wns prgvfiusoy `iksfbgrgb sncg burfka prgaknk`y, fs kiw ofklgb ti dgmnvfiurno pridoges fk `mfobrgk. Bi`tirs kiw suaagst tmnt prgaknkt wiegk nvifb noo egbf`ntfiks, n`lkiwogbafka tmg n`utg sus`gptfdfofty ic cgtusgs ti bruas nkb `mgef`nos. Rmg `ik`gpt fs s`fgktf`nooy ariukbgb fk tmg bgvgoip egktno irfafk ic nbuot bfsgnsg: prgkntno cn`tirs, wg kiw lkiw, `nk `nusg bfsgnsg ontgr fk ofcg. Fk eibgrk ofcg, gvgry prgaknkt wienk fs gxpisgb ti mukbrgbs ic `mgef`nos. Kit ikoy nrg tmgsg `mgef`nos ciukb fk mgr doiibstrgne dut nosi fk tmg nekfitf` ufb tmnt
surriukbs mgr bgvgoipfka `mfob. Iur tnbpiog gxpgrfegkts smiw tmnt tmfs gxpisurg `iepriefsgs tmg mireikno rgauontfik tmnt ukbgrofgs drnfk bgvgoipeg bgvgoipegkt. kt. Xri`gssgs mikgb tmriuam efoofiks ic ygnrs ic gvioutfik nrg kiw vgry eu`m gkbnkagrgb. Dnrdnrn Bgegkgfx fs Dnrdnrn Bgegkgfx fs n `iciukbgr ic Qnt`mcria tmnt s`rggks `mgef`nos cir pitgktfno gkbi`rfkg bfsruptfka pripgrftgs.
NTR | DIILP | PI@FGRV | RTNSGO | @WORWTG @WORWTG
Ntwirl wirlsmip 48>= Fkspfrfka kgw agkgrntfik ic `rgntfvg tmfklgrs Dy Biefkf` Euwnkauzf
brgne fs nk gvgrybny gxpgrfgk`g. N prijg`tfik ic tmg cuturg, prg`fsgoy fepissfdog nkb fepridndog- Enmnten Amnkbf. Ns su`m, tmg sg`ikb Ntwirl wirlsmip wns prgefsgb ik tmg tmgeg ic ‟F mnb n brgne―, ns
N
n rgg`tfik ik tmg fkbfvfbuno‖s bgsfrgs fk
ofcg, nkb nk fkspfrntfik crie Enrtfk Outmgr Lfka‖s pipuonr spgg`m, ‟F mnvg n brgne―. Ri fkvftg pnrtf`fpnkts ti ipgk up ndiut tmgfr pgrsikno brgnes, tmgy wgrg gn`m afvgk n senoo Eiogslfkg kitgdiil fk wmf`m ti gxprgss tmgfr brgnes vfsunooy. Rmg npprin`m rgqufrgb tmge ti crgg tmgesgovgs crie tmg irbfknry kitfik ic snvfka tmg wirob ti snvfka sgoc< wmfog fkspfrfka tmg fbgn ic `rgntfvg tmfklfka wmf`m fs tmg `irg idjg`tfvg ic tmg Ntwirl pontcire. Qfooy Lnrglgzf pribu`gb hOfdrnry‖ nk nrtwirl tmnt bgeikstrntgb mfs ‟brgne ti fkspfrg tmriuam ey ofcg―. Rmg ofdrnry fkstnoontfik gvilgb tmg fbgn ic lggpfka nkb smnrfka stirfgs wftm fktgkt ti fkspfrg tmg pudof`. Rmg nrtfst pgr`gfvgb mfs ofcg ns n ofdrnry< cuoo ic diils, cuoo ic stirfgs ic mfs ofcg. Pieg oiilfka quftg rnaagb dg`nusg tmgy mnvg dggk rgrgnb enky tfegs, itmgr ikoy ik`g. Xgipog `ieg nkb ai, tnlfka tmgfr tfeg, driwsfka n dft…: df t…:―― .Ft .Ft fs tmg nrt nrtfst fst brg brgne ne ti fks fkspfr pfrgg tmg tmg drinb dr inb nub nubfg fgk`g k`g wft wftmm tmg tmg sti stirfg rfgss ic ic mfs mfs ofc ofcgg fk irbgr ti `iktrfdutg ti `ieeukftfgs nkb dgkgt dgk gt tmg tmge e prn` prn`tf` tf`noo nooy. y.
hRmg Brgne `nt`mgr‖ dy Pnenktmn Xmyoofn Rnkgtn fs nk fkstnoontfik fkspfrgb dy mgr brgne ti dg n pmitiarnpm pmitiarnpmgr, gr, s`uoptir nkb pnfktgr. Oflg mgr euotfcn`gtgb brgne, mgr nrtwirl `iedfkgs bfvgrsg egbfn oflg pfks, spfbgr-wgd- (syktmgtf`), puzzog nkb strfkas. Rmg pfks rgprgsgkt tmg pfg`gs ir tmfkas tmnt nrg lggpfka mgr tiagtmgr nkb nt tmg sneg tfeg tmgy‖rg tmg rgnsik cir mgr `ikcusfik fk ofcg< mgr kggb cir uragk`y fk ofcg, mgk`g tmg pfks pfgr`g tmriuam tmg pmitiarnpms ic mgrsgoc nkb cnefoy. Eirg si, tmg puzzog nkb wgd fooustrntg mgr kggb ti crgg mgrsgoc wftm mgr brgne (s) dut stfoo wikbgrs wmgrg smiuob smg stnrt9 Rmgrg‖rg enky gxpg`tntfiks crie mgr crie mgr cnefoy. Rmgsg nrtwirls rgvgno pnrtf`fpnkts‖ struaaogs- tmiuam kit kg`gssnrfoy pgrsikno- nkb gxpg`tntfiks fk ofcg crie fssugs ic pgrsikno fbgktfty, wgnotm nkb su``gss, `nrggr bgvgoipegkt ti sgx ndusg, rgjg`tfik, nkb sgoc-rgnofsntfik. Fk tn`lofka tmgsg fssugs, fssugs, fk tmfs `iktgxt `rgntfvgoy ti `rgntg nk gkanafka vfsuno knrrntfvg ti tmg nubfgk`g, tmg nrtfsts stgp iut ic tmgfr `iecirt zikgs nkb bfa bggpgr b ggpgr fkti tmgfr sud-`iks`fius ti fktgrriantg tmg siegtfegs bgof`ntg tipf`s. ‟F mnb n brgne fs n bg`ikstru`tfik ic noo tmg lkiwks ti `rgntg riie cir itmgr pissfdfoftfgs ti mnppgk…― wrftgs Nkftn Lgvfk, `urntir ic tmg gxmfdft. Fk irbgr ti cn`foftntg tmg fbgn ic stgppfka iut ic tmg `iecirt zikg, tmg pnrtf`fpnkts tiil nbvnktnag ic tmg Enfsmn anrbgks,
Lnepnon Nrt Dfgkknog 48>= gxmfdftfik nt Bgsfak Mud Lnepnon nkb Enlgrgrg Nrt anoogry. Rmgsg spn`gs wgrg `ru`fno fk stfeuontfka tmg tmfklfka pri`gss ic tmg pnrtf`fpnkts. Kit noo pnrtf`fpnkts wmgrg nrtfsts ir nrt stubgkts. ‟Rmg uk`ikvgktfikno spn`gs bfspon`g yiu iut ic yiur kirenofty,― idsgrvgs idsgrvgs Gogkn Lirzmgkgvf`me, Lirzmgkgvf` me, `i-ciukbgr ic nkb `ieeukf`ntfiks bfrg`tir, Eiogslfkg Ciukbntfik.
Qmy tmg eiogslfkg kitg diil9
Rmg eiogslfkg kitgdiil fs sykikyeius wftm `uoturg, fenafkntfik, egeiry nkb pgrsikno fbgktfty fk ditm tmg rgno nkb vfrtuno wirob. Rmg kitgdiil mns dggk usgb dy nrtfsts nkb tmfklgrs oflg Sfk`gkt Snk Aiam, Xf`nssi nkb Grkgst Mgefkawny. Fk rgcgrgk`g ti tmg Ntwirl wirlsmip, tmg kitgdiil fs n `rgntfvg gxprgssfik ic tmg fkbfvfbuno‖s (nrtfsts) brgne.Ft feegbfntgoy stfeuontgs tmg fbgn ic `rftf`no tmfklfka wftm fts fbgktfty ic senoo pnags, riukbgb `irkgrs nkb gonstf` pnag-miobgrr tmnt wgrg bgsfakgb ti afvg tmg pnag-miobg fkbfvfbuno n `ikvgkfgkt tiio ti suppirt tmgfr `rgntfvg tmfklfka pri`gss. Nrtwirl 48>= wirlsmip mns ciur @mnptgrs tmnt fk`oubg Tieg, Mnrnrg, Lnepnon, nkb Kbjnegkn Kbjnegkn (@mnb). (@mnb). Rmg Lnepnon @mnptgr mnb 47 pnrtf`fpnkts nkb 47 nrtwirls bfsponygb nt tmg Enlgrgrg Nrt anoogry, Lnepnon. Lnepnon. Rmg wirlsmip wirlsmip fs ruk dy Pfegik Kjnef nkb Gofsg Ntnkankn (@negriuk/ Xnrfs). Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
06
Drfbg-ti-dg `nk`gos wgbbfka nctgr augsts rgcusg ti pny Pms2.7e nttgkbnk`g cgg N @nknbfnk wienk lkiwk ikoy ns ‟@nknbfnk Pusnk― rg`gktoy ait mgr vg efkutgs
ic ikofkg cneg nctgr rgvgnofka tmnt smg mnb ti `nk`go mgr brgne wgbbfka just ciur bnys dgcir dg cirgg ftft wns wns s`m s`mgbu gbuogb ogb ti tnl tnlgg pon`g, dg`nusg augsts rgcusgb ti pny n $@NB >,788 ‟`nsm
efoofik)cir tmgfr wgbbfka, dut nct nctgr gr vfs vfsftf ftfka ka n psy` psy`mf` mf` wmi tiob tmge ti ai wftm tmg eist gxpgksfvg iptfik nvnfondog, tmgy bg`fbgb ti mnvg nk gxtrnvnankt `grgeiky,
afct― rgqufrgb ti ngkb. Rmg
`iupog ikoy mnb n dubagt ic $@NB $>7,888 (Npprix. Pms28
wmf`m tmgy aurgb wiuob `ist
tmge nriukb $@NB $38,888 (Npprix. sms>18 efoofik). Nctgr bifka tmg entm, tmgy ciukb tmnt fc gvgry augst pft`mgb fk $@NB >,788 (Npprix. Pms2.0
efoofik), tmgy‖b mnvg gkiuam ti `ivgr tmg `ists. Dut, nppnrgktoy, tmg fbgn ic pnyfka n mgcty cggb just ti ngkb tmg
wggbfka bfbk‖t rgnooy nppgno ti n oit ic pgipog. Ikoy = pgipog sfakgb up. Rmg bgspgrntg `iupog `ut tmg cgg nkb gvgk sgt up n `riwb-cukbfk `riwb-cukbfkaa `nepnfak. Rmgy ait ikoy $478. Rmg `iupog gkbgb tmg wgbbfka ponks ‐nkb tmgfr rgontfiksmfp!
P`miio nbipts ukusuno wny ti enlg stubgkts stuby eirg N mfam-s`miio fk tmg @mfkgsg `fty ic Pmnkaqfu, Mgknk Xrivfk`g, rg`gktoy nrn`tgb
`rftf`fse cir rgeivfka `ncgtgrfn `mnfrs ti eitfvntg stubgkt ti gnt cnstgr nkb bgbf`ntg eirg tfeg ti tmgfr stubfgs. Ptubgkts wgrg smi`lgb ti ognrk tmnt tmgy wiuob mnvg ti stnrt gntfka stnkbfka up nctgr tmgfr s`miio‖s nbefk-
fstrntirs bg`fbgb ti rgeivg tmg `mnfrs nkb dgk`mgs ti bgtgr stubgkts crie ofkagrfka nriukb nctgr kfsmfka tmgfr
egno. Rmg s`miio ponks ti nssfak n ouk`m spit cir gn`m stubgkt ti stnkb fk, ti curtmgr bfs`iurnag tmge crie wnstfka tfeg fkstgnb ic stubyfka. Rmg s`miio snys spgkbfka >8 efkutgs ik ouk`m fs gkiuam.
Pgoogr stf`ls ponstf` gygs ik sm ti enlg tmge oiil crgsmgr Kgwoywgbs gkb up fk mispftno twf`g ik tmgfr wgbbfka bny N prgaknkt drfbg nkb mgr kgw musdnkb wgrg rusmgb ti mispftno ik tmgfr wgbbfka bny nctgr n brnentf` `nr `rnsm ‐ dut enbg ft dn`l fk tfeg ti `gogdrntg tmgfr rg`gptfik. @mgosgn Mnrvgy, 40, nkb Pmnkg, 41, wgrg brfvfka crie tmgfr `grgeiky ti tmg rg`gptfik wmgk tmgfr Plibn `rnsmgb nkb fppgb fk tmg skiw. Rmg smnlgk `iupog sugrgb `uts nkb drufsgs dut
tmgfr ukdirk dndy wns ukmnregb nkb tmgy rgturkgb ti tmgfr rg`gptfik ti `mggrs crie tmgfr augsts. Dut tmg cnefoy gkbgb up fk tmg sneg mispftno nanfk miurs ontgr wmgk @mgosgn‖s stgpbnuamtgr, stgpbnuamtgr, Fsndgoo, sfx, rnk fkti n tndog nkb sof`gb ipgk mgr kisg nt tmg rg`gptfik. rg`gptfik. Rmfs tfeg tmg rg`gptfik wns `nk`googb. Nctgr tmg brnen, tmg vgkug dissgs nooiwgb tmge ti rgkt ft nanfk cir crgg cir tmg sg`ikb rg`gptfik ik Pgptgedgr >7. 28
N sm smip fk Luwnft wns rg`gkt-
oy smut biwk dy nutmirftfgs nctgr ft
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
bf`uot `ioogag gktrnk`g
gxne. Nt sieg ic tmgsg s`miios, `onssgs stnrt nt 7:08 n.e. gvgry bny.
Rmfs tg`mkfqug tmnt wfoo agt yiu ti soggp fk twi efkutgs N soggp tg`mkfqug usgb dy tmg efo efoftn ftnry ry `iu `iuob ob mg mgop op yiu kib i fk ukbgr twi
efkutgs. Ft fs snfb ti mnvg n 63% su``gss rntg nctgr sfx wns stf`lfka ponstf` aiiaoy gygs ik wggls ic prn`tf`g nkb wns tmg sm fk nk ngept ti enlg tmge rgpirtgboy bgvgoipgb bgvgoipgb ti oiil crgsmgr. gofefkntg efstnlgs enbg dy Rmg `ik wns `nuamt nctgr pmitis pfoits dg`nusg ic tfrgbkgss. wgkt vfrno ic n ponstf` gyg tmnt mnb Nbuots smiuob agt sofppgb i rgvgnogb tmg ygooiw gyg dgtw dg twgg ggkk sgv sgvgk gk nkb ic tmg sm. Rmg Luwnftf @ieegr`g Efkfstry wns nppnrgktoy kit neusgb kfkg miurs soggp nt kfamt dut enky nkb pri`ggbgb ti smut biwk tmg nrg soggp bgprfvgb. igkbfka sm smip.Dut tmnt bfbk‖t @mrikf` on`l ic stip pgipog crie `iktfkufka ti ei`l tmg dfznrrg sgoofka tn`tf`. Itmgr soggp mns dggk ofklgb ti mgnotm sm smips fk Luwnft nosi ait fk ik tmg jilg, pistfka mfonrfius nbvgrts ik pridoges fk`oubfka bfndgtgs, mgnrt si`fno egbfn, oflg ‟crgsm sm wftmiut bfsgnsg nkb strilgs. Pi miw `isegtf` gkmnk`gegkts― nkb ‟sm bigs tmg tg`mkfqug wirl9 wftmiut `ioiurgb ogksgs―. Tgonx tmg eus`ogs fk yiur cn`g, fk`oubfka yiur tikaug, jnw nkb tmg eu eus`o s`ogs gs nri nriuk ukb b yiur gygs. Brip yiur smiuobgrs ns oiw ns tmgy‖oo ai dgcir dg cirgg rgon rgonxfk xfkaa yiur yiur upp uppgr gr nkb oiwgr nre ik ikg sfbg, nkb tmgk tmg itmgr. Drgntmg wns rgvgnogb tmnt tmg smeikagr
@mfkn norgnby mns si-`noogb ‟anilni cn`tirfgs―< tmg tip @mfkgsg mfam-s`miios fkcneius cir usfka efoftnry-styog bfs`fpofkfka tg`mkfqugs tg`mkfqugs ti prgpnrg stubgkts cir tmg Anilni, @mfkn‖s kitirfiusoy
iut, rgonx yiur `mgst nkb tmgk, knooy, rgonx yiur ogas,
stnrtfka wftm yiur tmfams nkb eivfka ti yiur oiwgr ogas. Ik`g yiu‖vg rgonxgb yiur diby cir tgk sg`ikbs, yiu eust ngept ti `ognr
yiur efkb ic noo tmiuamts. Rmgrg nrg tmrgg egtmibs tmnt eny mgop wftm tmfs ‐ n``irbfka ti tmg diil hTgonx nkb Qfk: @mnepfiksmfp Xgrcirenk`g‖. >. Xf`turg yiursgoc oyfka fk n `nkig ik n `noe onlg wftm kitmfka dut dougg sly dou sly ndi ndivg vg yiu 4. Xf`turg yiursgoc skuaaogb fk n don`l vgovgt mneei`l fk n pft`m-don`l riie 0. Tgpgnt tmg wirbs ”bik‖t tmfkl, bik‖t tmfkl, bik‖t tmfkl‖ fk yiur efkb cir tgk sg`ikbs. Rmg soggp egtmib wns rst wrfgk
ndiut fk tmg >6=> diil dut sieg ic tmg tg`mkfqugs nrg stfoo dgfka usgb tibny.
Rmg 48>6 Pudnru Cirgstgr Cfctm-agkgrntfik Cirgstgr feprivgs fk noo nrgns dut wfoo tmg on`l ic n enkuno, n bfgsgo ir n turdi`mnragb ]R vnrfnkt murt Pudnru‖s dgst sgoogr9 Dy Nagk`fgs
R
mg ctm-agkgrntfik Pudnru Cirgstgr
mns onkbgb wftmiut n enkuno, bfgsgo ir turdi`mnragb ]R vnrfnkt. Dufot i
fts eibuonr pontcire, Pudnru mipgs fts bikg gkiuam ti lggp fts dgst-sgoogr ik tip cire. Rmgrg‖s dggk eu`m aknsmfka ic tggtm ivgr tmg eu`m-pudof`fsgb eu`m-pudof`fsgb brippfka ic n enkuno trnksefssfikk crie tmg rnkag nkb tmg oiss ic trnksefssfi tmg turdi`mnragb ]R vgrsfik nkb lgydinrb wnrrfirs mnvg trfgb ti egot tmg fktgrkgt dut tmg trutm fs tmnt ivgr tmg onst `iupog ic ygnrs‖ snogs ic tmgsg eibgos mns dggk fk bg`ofkg. Rmg gktry-ogvgo Cirgstgr fs wgoo-gqufppgb igrfka Pudnru‖s cuoo n`tfvg sncgty suftg vfn
Gygsfamt, n 3.7-fk`m fkcitnfkegkt s`rggk Gygsfamt, wftm Nppog @nrXony nkb Nkbrifb Nuti dut ki snt-knv, n`riss tmg rnkag tmgrg nrg rgnr nfr vgkts nkb twfk WPD iutogts cir tmisg fk tmg dn`l. Rmgrg‖s ikoy ikg gkafkg nkb trnksefssfikk n`riss tmg rnkag, nkb tmg 4.7f trnksefssfi agts >1-fk`m nooiys ns wgoo ns Pudnru‖s `ogvgr ]-Eibg systge.
Eivg up ti tmg 4.7f-O nkb yiu agt Pudnru‖s kgw Brfvgr Eikftirfka Pystge (BEP) wmf`m `nk rg`iakfsg tmg brfvgr nkb nbjust tmfkas oflg efrrirs nkb sgnts ti suft. Eirg tmnk tmfs ft nosi wnrks fc ft kitf`gs tmg brfvgr
Pudnru. Rmg kgw Cirgstgr fs >7ee oikagr (2347ee) tmnk tmg iob `nr, 48ee wfbgr (>=>7ee) nkb mns n oikagr wmggodnsg nt 4118ee. Rmfs mns nooiwgb tmg bgsfakgrs ti
fs bizfka i ir bfstrn`tgb dgmfkb tmg wmggo.
glg iut n ofog eirg spn`g fksfbg tmg `ndfk.
Rmg 4.7f-O nosi nbbs n duk`m ic gxtrn `negrn cir euotfpog vfgws nriukb tmg vgmf`og nkb nbbs rgvgrsg nutientf` drnlfka. Cir tmg 4.7f Xrgefue tmg BEP nbbs biir efrrir nkb sgnt nbjustegkt ti fts cuk`tfiknofty. Rmg fkcitnfkegkt s`rggk ariws ti =.8-fk`mgs nkb nbbs kntfvg snt knv, tmgrg‖s gog`trf` nbjustegkt cir tmg brfvgr‖s sgnt nkb n piwgrgb tnfoantg. Rmg wmggos ariw ti >=-fk`mgs nkb tmgrg‖s n cuoo-sfzg nooiy spnrg. Rmg tip-spg` 4.7f-P nbb n Mnreik Lnrbik siukb systge, buno-eibg ]-Eibg cuk`tfiknofty cuk`tfiknof ty sieg `isegtf` crfppgrfgs, ogntmgr sgnts nkb n piwgrgb pnkirnef` sukriic.
Rmg tip-spg` 4.7f-P vnrfnkt igrs n ogntmgr
fktgrfir nkb noo tmg cruft. Rmg bnsmdinrb fs nk noo-kgw bgsfak dut ft wfoo cggo cnefofnr ti nkyikg wmi‖s dggk fk n rg`gktoy rgognsgb
Rmisg fk tmg crikt mnvg dggk pusmgb nwny crie gn`m itmgr sofamtoy feprivfka godiw
riie wmfog tmgrg‖s n ofog eirg ogariie fk
tmg dn`l kiw. Rmg 4.7-oftrg ciur-`yofkbgr pgtrio gkafkg, n``irbfka ti Pudnru, fs 68 pgr`gkt kgw. Pieg ic tmg enjir twgnls fk`oubgb uppfka tmg `ieprgssfik rntfi nkb fka nk gxmnust
sfbg n`tfvg vnovg `iktrio. Fk tmg gkb, ditm piwgr nkb tirqug nrg up enrafknooy (crie >43lQ nkb 407Ke ti >03lQ nt 7=88rpe nkb 406Ke nt 2288rpe) wmfog cugo `iksueptfik mns dggk feprivgb. Rmg gkafkg fs nosi ofamtgr (dy >.6la). Rmg ikoy trnksefs-
sfik ik igr fs n @SR< cirtukntgoy, Pudnru‖s
ait n aiib mnkbog ik @SR nkb tmg ikg fk tmg Cirgstgr, oflg fk fts itmgr vgmf`ogs, fs ikg ic tmg dgst ik tmg enrlgt.
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
2>
Xricog
Dgtty Nio I`mnk: Riuam fksfbg, muedog nkb sefogy iutsfbg Dy Nakgs G Knktndn
t fs dnrgoy n eiktm sfk`g Auou Bfstrf`t
F
Qienk EX Dgy Nio I`mnk ic tmg
Cirue cir Bgei`rntf` @mnkag (CB@) wns nppifktgb Ognbgr ic Ippisftfik (OIX) fk pnrofnegkt. Mgr nppifktegkt wns n surprfsg ti cgooiw EXs nkb itmgr pioftf`fnks bug ti mgr muedog, sict spilgk, nkb sefogy `mnrn`tgr ygt tmg riog mns ictgk dggk i``upfgb dy vi`no egk nkb wiegk. Mgr nppifktegktt rg`gfvgb efxgb rgn`tfiks crie nppifktegk cgooiw egedgrs ic tmg ippisftfik dut gvgk ukbgr su`m `fr`uestnk`gs, I`mnk snys smg fs rgnby ti wirl. ‟F dgofgvg tmnt ft fs Aib wmi ofctgb eg up nkb gvgk wmgk F ne tmg OIX, ft‖s kit nk fkbfvfbuno tnsl,― smg snys. ‟F tiil up i`g nt tmg eist bf`uot tfeg
dut F dgof dgofgv gvgg fk fk tgn tgne e wirl wirl ti bgn bgnoo wftm wftm tmg `urrgkt `rn`ls fk pioftf`s―. I`mnk nppgnos ti cgooiw ogafsontirs ti `iktfkuiusoy `mg`l aivgrkegkt ti n`mfgvg gg`tfvg sgrvf`g bgofvgry.
Pmg snys, ‟Qg smiuob kit ci`us ik tmg
bfgrgk`gs dut miw dgst wg `nk mgop iur
pgipog nkb tmnt fs wmnt F ne mgrg ti bi ns OIX―. I`mnk tnlgs i`g ns tmg ctm ognbgr ic
ippisftfik sfk`g 4883. Pmg snys mgr stny fk pnrofnegkt mns dggk dnsgb ik mgr agkbgr sgksftfvg, biwk ti gnrtm, nkb sfepog `mnrn`tgr. ‟F ne sfepog nkb enlg surg tmnt F ofvg tmg ofcg ic tmisg tmnt F rgprgsgkt fk pnrofnegkt,― pnrofnegkt,― smg snys. I`mnk‖s rfsg ti EX stnrtgb wftm mgr wirl ns n si`fno wirlgr wftm tmg Nagk`y cir @iipgrntfik nkb Tgsgnr`m fk bgvgoipegk bgvgoipegktt (N@ITB) fk kirtmgrk Wankbn. Pmg snys N@ITB gxpisgb mgr ti n oit ic wiegk fssugs fk fts agkbgr nkb rurno bgvgoipegkt bfvfsfik. Nt Nt tmnt tfeg, I`mnk nkb itmgrs anfkgb nwnrgkgss ic tmg ndsgk`g ic wiegk fk bg`fsfik enlfka gvgk nt tmg oiwgst ogvgo ic cnefoy nkb stnrtgb ti tmfkl ic n sioutfik. ‟Qg wgrg mnppy wmgk tmg `ikstftutfik wns enbg wftm n privfsfik cir nrentfvg n`tfik ti fk`oubg
wiegk,― smg snfb. Mgr wirl fkviovgb trnfkfka nkb gk`iurnafka pgipog fk rurno nrgns ti tnlg up riogs nt Oi`no @iuk`fo ogvgo. Pmg rst rnk cir pisftfik
fk tmg Auou bfstrf`t 24
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
ognbgrsmfp fk >663 ns n `iuk`fooir rgprgsgktfka twi bfvfsfiks fk Auou eukf`fpnofty. Ndiut tmg sneg tfeg, smg tiil ik pisftfik ns sg`rgtnry mgnotm nkb wgocnrg nkb wns n egedgr ic Cirue cir Qiegk fk Bgei`rn`y (CIQIBG). Rmfs pisftfik rgqufrgb mgr ti trnfk cgooiw wiegk dut ft nosi dufot mgr `npn`fty ti ognb. Fk 488>, smg `iktgstgb cir ti rgprgsgkt Auou fk pnrofnegkt dut oist. Pmg jifkgb itmgr wiegk wmi pusmgb cir tmg rgeivno ic tmg Gog`tirno @ioogag systge fk wiegk gog`tfiks wmf`m smg donegb cir mgr oiss. Qmgk ft wns `mnkagb ti nbuot surnag
fk 4883 smg `iktgstgb nkb wik. I`mnk wns dirkk fk dir fk >67 >67== ti Nkbrgn
Ioni nkb Nkkn Dnon Ioni, nkb fs tmg ctm ic
tmgfr tgk `mfobrgk. Pmg snys riutfkg privi`ntfik crie mgr yiukagr dritmgr trnfkgb mgr ti strikagr nkb mnrbgr dut nosi sfepog. Pmg wgkt ti Xnbfdg Afros P`miio, Pn`rgb Mgnrt PP fk Auou tiwk nkb Kntfikno Rgn`mgrs @ioogag Lynediai wmgrg smg nnfkgb
n bfpoien. Pmg stnrtgb wirl ns n tgn`mgr tgn`mgr nt Onyfdf @ioogag< n diys ikoy s`miio fk Auou fk >6=>. I`mnk fs n eitmgr ic sgvgk nkb wns enrrfgb ti Ef`mngo I`mnk uktfo onst ygnr wmgk pnssgb ik.
^&N ^& N
NBSGTRITFNO
Dgtty Nio I`mnk‖s Oftgsfbg Nky tmrgg tmfkas tmnt wg bik‖t lkiw ndiut yiu9
ne mikgst nkb sieg pgipog mnvg n`tunooy donegb done gb eg e g cir ci r dgfka dgf ka tii mikgst. Fc yiu nrg kit cnfr ti eg, F wfoo ipgkoy tgoo yiu dg`nusg F ne crnkl. F ne n pgn`g oivgr ti tmg gxtgkt tmnt gvgk wmgk yiu mntg eg, F wfoo nownys agt dn`l nkb wirl tiagtmgr.
F
Qmnt fs yiur fbgn ic pgrcg`t mnppfkgss9
F ne n vgry mnppy pgrsik eist tfegs. F ne, miwgvgr, mnppfgr wmgk F bi sieg wirl tmnt `iegs wftm aiib rgturks. Qmnt fs tmg trnft yiu eist bgpoirg fk yiursgoc9
Piegtfegs dgfka tii trutmcuo mfts eg dn`l.
Qmnt fs tmg trnft yiu eist bgpoirg fk itmgrs9
Dgfka tii priub nkb bgspfsfka itmgrs< F bik‖t oflg vgry priub pgipog nkb usunooy, F just fakirg tmge. Qmf`m ofvfka pgrsik bi yiu eist nbefrg9
F nbefrg enky pgipog tmnt eny kit gvgk dg cneius. Cir fkstnk`g, F nbefrg ey eitmgr cir dgfka vgry mnrb mnrbwirl wirlfka. fka. Pmg‖s nagfka dut stfoo wirls nkb F dgofgvg tmnt ft fs wmnt mns lgpt mgr strika. F nosi nbefrg ciregr W.P. Xrgsfbgkt Dnrn`l Idnen nkb mfs wfcg Ef`mgoog< tmgfrs wns n vgry mfam ogvgo rgfak dut tmgy rgenfkgb muedog. Qmnt fs yiur argntgst gxtrnvnank`g9
F suppirt pgipog n oit. F bik‖t gvgk spgkb eist ik eysgoc. Qmnt fs yiur `urrgkt stntg ic efkb9
F eny dg bgvnstntgb
wftm sieg fssugs dut ik tmg wmiog, F ne mnppy. Qmnt bi yiu `iksfbgr tmg eist ivgrrntgb vfrtug9
Ofcgstyog mns `mnkagb nkb ns n arnkbeitmgr wmi mns ofvgb ik cir sieg tfeg, F mnvg bfs`ivgrgb tmnt pgipog ivgrrntg brfklfka no`imio ti tmg gxtgkt ic spgkbfka tii eu`m eikgy nkb tfeg ik ft. Enky yiuka pgipog mnvg dggk tnlgk up dy ft kit lkiwfka tmnt tmgy smiuob utfofsg tmg tfeg cir vnoundog nkb pribu`tfvg wirl. Qmnt bigs dgfka piwgrcuo egnk ti yiu9
Mnvfka n mgnrt cir itmgrs nkb pgrsgvgrfka. Br Lfzzn Dgsfayg fs ikg ic tmg cgw piwgrcuo pgipog. Ik wmnt i``nsfik bi yiu ofg9
Fc F tgoo ofgs, F cggo si dnb.
Qmnt bi yiu eist bfsoflg ndiut yiur nppgnrnk`g9
F ne `urrgktoy vgry cnt siegtmfka tmnt rgnooy ditmgrs ditm grs eg. F mnvg mn vg trfgb t rfgb ti rgbu`g tmg wgfamt dut fk vnfk.
Qmnt ir wmi fs tmg argntgst oivg ic yiur ofcg9
F oivg ey musdnkb I`mnk Ef`mngo gvgk wmgk mg‖s kiw bg`gnsgb. Qg ofvgb tiagtmgr wgoo< mg wns rgsgrvgb dut vgry suppirtfvg. F nosi oivg ey `mfobrgk nkb eitmgr.
Qmnt fs yiur cnvirftg i``upntfik9
Qmgk nkb wmgrg wgrg yiu mnppfgst9
Rmg bny F arnbuntgb crie Lynediai nkb ontgr crie Auou nkb Wankbn Enrtyrs Wkfvgrsftfgs dg`nusg dg`nu sg tmisg t misg wgrg ik`g fk n ofcgtfeg. F wns nosi vgry mnppy ik ey wgbbfka bny gvgk wmgk ft wns bikg sgvgrno ygnrs nctgr ofvfka tiagtmgr. Qmf`m tnogkt wiuob yiu eist oflg ti mnvg9
F wiuob mnvg oivgb ti rgn`m tmg ogvgo ic XmB cir prgstfafius rgnsiks. F mnvg, miwgvgr, `mnkagb ci`us ti ey `mfobrgk ti suppirt tmge rgn`m su`m ogvgos. Qmnt bi yiu `iksfbgr yiur argntgst n`mfgvgegkt9
F bik‖t bgspfsg pgipog dg`n usg F lkiw dg`nusg lk iw tmnt t mnt noo ic us mnvg wgnlkgssgs fk ikg wny ir tmg itmgr. Ft‖s nosi muenk ti enlg efstnlgs dut ft‖s ikoy aiib ti rgnofsg iur efstnlgs nkb enlg gccirt ti `irrg`t.
F stubfgb nkb tmnt fs pnrtoy wmy F ne fk pnrofnegkt. F mnvg dufot up n vgry strika cnefoy nkb F afvg tmg mikiur dn`l ti Aib. Gvgk wmgk ey musdnkb fs ki eirg, wg ofvg ik. Dgfka n rgprgsgktntfvg ic tmg pgipog fs n vgry dfa n`mfgvgegkt tmnt pirtrnys tmg trust tmnt pgipog mnvg fk eg.
Qmnt fs tmg qunofty yiu eist oflg fk n wienk9
Qmgrg wiuob yiu eist oflg ti ofvg9
Qmnt fs tmg qunofty yiu eist oflg fk n enk9
Qmnt bi yiu rganrb ns tmg oiwgst bgptm ic efsgry9
Qmf`m ofvfka pgrsik bi yiu eist bgspfsg9
@nrfka wftm tmg mgnrt nkb n`tfik, mgopcuo ti cnefoy dufobfka.
@nrfka nkb suppirtfvg fk rnfsfka `mfobrgk.
n wny ic siovfka `ikcof`ts nef`ndoy wftmiut aifka cir wnr, fts dgttgr. F mnvg wnrkgb ey afros nanfkst fktgrcgrfka fk pgn`gcuo cnefofgs nkb gk`iurnagb tmge ti stnrt crie s`rnt`m nkb dufob up tmgfr iwk.
Rmg si`fno wirl tmnt driu amt eg ti driuamt t i pnrofn pn rofnegkt egkt.. Qftmiut ft, F wiuobk‖t mnvg lkiwk ndiut wiegk‖s fssugs wmf`m pusmgb eg ti jifk gog` gog`tfvg tfvg piof pioftf`s tf`s.. Qmnt bi yiu eist vnoug fk yiur crfgkbs9
Muefofty nkb rgspg`t cir itmgrs. Qmi nrg yiur cnvirftg wrftgrs9
F ne kit n vgry aiib rgnbgr. Qmf`m mfstirf`no cfaurg bi yiu eist fbgktfcy wftm9
Kgosik Enkbgon< notmiuam mg ogct mfs wfcg dg`nusg ic pioftf`no rgnsiks, F nbefrg tmg enk fk mfe. Fc eist ognbgrs wiuob dg ns sfepog ns mfe, tmg wirob wiuob dg n dgttgr pon`g cir noo ic us ti ofvg. Qmnt fs yiur argntgst rgargt9
Rmgrg nrg `grtnfk tmfkas tmnt nkyikg smiuob rgargt. F rgargt mnvfka dggk tii ponycuo ns n stubgkt fk sg`ikbnry. Miw wiuob yiu oflg ti bfg9
Wankbn fs ey mieg si tmgrg fs kiwmgrg gosg F `nk ai nkb ofvg.
F mnvg dggk ti wnr nkb F lkiw tmnt ft fs vgry bgstru`tfvg. Fc wg `nk cfkb
F smiuob bfg fk ey `iuktry nkb wiuob oivg ti dg durfgb kgxt ti ey musdnkb. Qmnt fs yiur eitti9
”Rmg Oirb fs ey smgpmgrb, F smnoo kit wnkt‖ nkb ”Gvgrytmfka mnppgks dy Aib‖s A ib‖s arn` arn`g‖ g‖ .
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
20
AOIDNO @IEEGKR
Dy Jisgpm G. Ptfaoftz
Dgyikb Dgy ikb Pg`uonr Ptnakntfik Ptnakntfik Rmgrg fs ki rgnsik g`ikiefsts smiuob nargg ndiut tmg pioftf`nooy pissfdog< ikoy wmnt wiuob mnppgk fc… s Onrry Pueegrs rfamtoy pifkts iut, tmg tgre ‟sg`uonr stnakntfik― dg`ne dg `negg pipu pipuonr onr ns Qir Qirob ob Qnr FF wns brnwfka ti n `oisg. Novfk Mnksgk (nkb enky itmgrs) wirrfgb tmnt, wftmiut tmg stfeuontfik privfbgb dy tmg wnr, tmg g`ikiey wiuob rgturk ti rg`gssfik ir bgprgssfik. Rmgrg wns, ft sggegb, n cukbnegktno enonby. Dut ft bfbk‖t mnppgk. Miw bfb Mnksgk nkb itmgrs agt ft si wrika9 Oflg sieg eibgrk-bny sg`uonr stnakntfik nbvi`ntgs, ef`ri- nkb en`rig`ikief` nknoysfs ‐ eist fepirtnktoy, fk tmg nknoysfs ic tmg `nusgs ic tmg Argnt Bgprgssfik ftsgoc. Ns Dru`g Arggkwnob nkb F (wftm iur `inutmirs) mnvg nraugb, mfam ariwtm fk narf`uoturno pribu`tfvfty (`iedfkgb wftm mfam aoidno pribu`tfik) brivg biwk `rip prf`gs
Dy Jnkunry nkb Cgdrunry 4886, ft wns `ognr tmnt tmg biwkturk wns argntgr nkb n onragr stfeuous wns kggbgb. Fk tmnt Rfegs `ieegktnry, nkb ontgr eirg gxtgksfvg gxtgksfvgoy oy fk ey diil Crggcnoo, F pifktgb iut tmnt tmg sfzg ic tmg stfeuous tmnt wns kggbgb wiuob bgpgkb ditm ik fts bgsfak nkb g`ikief` `ikbftfiks. Fc tmg dnkls `iuob kit dg fkbu`gb ti rgstirg ogkbfka, ir fc stntgs `ut dn`l dn `l tmg tmgfr fr iw iwkk spg spgkbf kbfka ka,, eirg eirg wi wiuob uob dg rgqufrgb. Fkbggb, F pudof`oy nbvi`ntgb ofklfka stfeuous spgkbfka ti su`m `iktfkagk`fgs ‐ `rgntfka nk nutientf` stndfofsgr. Ns ft turkgb iut, tmg dnkls wgrg kit cir`gb ti gxpnkb ogkbfka ti senoo nkb egbfue-sfzg dusfkgssgs< tmgy `ut ft brnstf`nooy. Ptntgs, tii, sonsmgb spgkbfka. Idvfiusoy, nk gvgk onragr stfeuous fk bioonr tgres wiuob dg kggbgb fc ft wns piiroy bgsfakgb, wftm onrag pnrts
‐ fk sieg `nsgs dy 17% ‐ fk tmg rst tmrgg
crfgrgb nwny fk ogss `ist-gg`tfvg tnx `uts,
just n s` just s`no no stf stfeuo euous< us< ft dri driuam uamtt ndiu ndiutt n stru`turno trnkscirentfik, ns tmg wnr girt
aoidnofsntfik nkb knk`fnofsntfik, ns wgoo
N
tmgrg wgrg bggp nws fk tmg ukbgroyfka
ygnrs ic tmg Bgprgssfik noikg. Fk`iegs fk tmg `iuktry‖s enjir g`ikief` sg`tir poueegtgb dy nriukb mnoc. Rmg `rfsfs fk narf`uoturg ogb ti n bg`rgnsg fk bgenkb cir urdnk aiibs nkb tmus ti nk g`ikiey-wfbg biwkturk. QQFF, miwgvgr, privfbgb eirg tmnk eivgb onrag kuedgrs ic pgipog crie rurno nrgns ti urdnk `gktgrs nkb rgtrnfkgb tmge wftm tmg slfoos kggbgb cir n enkucn`turfka g`ikiey, n pri`gss wmf`m `iktfkugb wftm tmg AF dfoo. Eirgivgr, tmg wny tmg wnr wns cukbgb ogct miusgmiobs wftm strika dnonk`g smggts nkb pgkt-up bgenkb ik`g pgn`g rgturkgb. Nk nknoiaius stru`turno trnkscirentfik, tmfs tfeg kit crie narf`uoturg ti enkucn`turfka, dut crie enkucn`turfk enkucn`turfka-ogb a-ogb ariwtm ti sgrvf`gs-ogb ariwtm, `iepiukbgb dy tmg kggb ti nbjust ti aoidnofsntfik aoidnofsntfik,, enrlgb tmg g`ikiey fk tmg ygnrs dgcirg tmg 488= `rfsfs. Dut tmfs tfeg, efsenknagegkt ic tmg knk`fno sg`tir mnb oinbgb muag bgdts ikti
miusgmiobs. Rmfs tfeg, ukoflg tmg gkb ic tmg QQFF, tmgrg wns `nusg cir wirry. Ns Pueegrs wgoo lkiws, F pudofsmgb n wfbgoy `ftgb `ieegktnry fk Rmg Kgw Virl Rfegs ik Kivgedgr 46, 488=, gktftogb ‟N $> Rrfoofik Nkswgr.― Nkswgr.― Fk ft, F `noogb cir n eu`m strikagr stfeuous pn`lnag tmnk tmg ikg Xrgsfbgkt Dnrn`l Idnen gvgktunooy pripisgb. Nkb tmnt wns fk Kivgedgr. 22
Pgpt >2 - 48, 48>=
wmf`m fs wmnt mnppgkgb. Ft smiuob dg `ognr, tmiuam, tmnt tmgrg fs kitmfka knturno ir fkgvftndog ndiut sg`uonr stnakntfik fk tmg ogvgo ic naargantg bgenkb nt zgri fktgrgst rntgs. Fk 488=, bgenkb wns nosi bgprgssgb dy tmg muag fk`rgnsgs fk fkgqunofty tmnt mnb i``urrgb ivgr tmg prg`gbfka qunrtgr-`gktury. Efsenknagb ns tnx `uts cir tmg rf`m ‐ fk`oubfka tmg `ut fk `npftno-anfks tnx (ivgrwmgoefkaoy dgkgtfka tmisg nt tmg vgry tip) burfka tmg
@ofktik nkb Dusm nbefkfstrntfiks ‐ wgrg enjir `nusgs ic n``gogrntfka `ik`gktrntfik `ik`gktrntfik ic fk`ieg nkb wgnotm. Fknbgquntg knk`fno rgauontfik ogct
Negrf`nks vuokgrndog ti prgbntiry dnklfka dgmnvfir dgmnv fir nkb snb snbbog bogb b wftm wftm gk gkire ireius ius bgd bgdts. ts. Rmgrg wgrg tmus itmgr wnys ic fk`rgnsfka
Nkb wmnt Cnkkfg Eng bfb ontgr fk tmg bg`nbg engrgb vgry eu`m. Ft `mnkagb fts
ogkbfka prn`tf`gs ti rgsgedog eirg `oisgoy tmisg ic tmg prfvntg sg`tir, wftm prgbf`tndog `iksgqugk`gs. `iksgqugk`g s. (Gvgk tmgk, kitwftmstnkbf kitwftmstnkbfka ka tmg rfamt-wfka `nknrb donefka Cnkkfg Eng nkb tmg itmgr aivgrkegkt-spiksirgb aivgrkegkt-spiksirgb ogkbgr, Crgbbfg En`, ft wns prfvntg-sg`tir prfvntg-sg`tir ogkbfka, gspg`fnooy dy tmg dfa dnkls, tmnt ukbgrony tmg knk`fno `rfsfs.)
Dut wmnt wns prgbf`tndog nkb prgbf`tgb wns tmg enkkgr fk wmf`m ukbgr-rgauontgb bgrfvntfvgs `iuob fkneg tmg `rfsfs. Rmg
Cfknk`fno @rfsfs Fkqufry @ieefssfik put tmg doneg squnrgoy ik tmg bgrfvntfvgs enrlgt ns ikg ic tmg tmrgg `gktrno cn`tirs brfvfka tmg gvgkts ic ontg 488= nkb 4886. Gnrofgr fk Xrgsfbgkt Dfoo @ofktik‖s nbefkfstrntfik, wg mnb bfs`ussgb tmg bnkagrs ic tmgsg cnst-euotfpoyfka nkb rfsly knk`fno
pribu`ts. Rmgy smiuob mnvg dggk rgfkgb fk, dut tmg @ieeibfty Cuturgs Eibgrkfsntfik N`t ic 4888 prgvgktgb tmg rgauontfik ic bgrfvntfvgs. Rmgrg fs ki rgnsik g`ikiefsts smiuob nargg ndiut wmnt fs pioftf`nooy pissfdog. Qmnt tmgy `nk nkb smiuob nargg ndiut fs wmnt wiuob mnvg mnppgkgb fc… Mgrg nrg tmg gssgktfnos: Qg wiuob mnvg mnb n strikagr rg`ivgry fc wg mnb mnb n dfaagr nkb dggr-bgsfakgb stfeuous.
Qg wiuob mnvg mnb strikagr naargantg bgenkb fc wg mnb bikg eirg ti nbbrgss fkgqunofty, nkb fc wg mnb kit pursugb piof`fgs tmnt fk`rgnsgb ft. Nkb wg wiuob mnvg mnb n eirg stndog knk`fno sg`tir fc wg mnb rgauontgb ft dggr.
Rmgsg nrg tmg ogssiks tmnt wg smiuob lggp fk efkb ns wg prgpnrg cir tmg kgxt g`ikief` biwkturk.
naargantg bgenkb dgsfbgs s`no stfeuous:
bifka eirg ti fkbu`g ogkbfka, ti mgop miegiwkgrs, miegiwkg rs, ti rgstru`turg eirtanag bgdt, nkb ti rgbrgss gxfstfka fkgqunoftfgs. Xiof`fgs nrg nownys `ik`gfvgb nkb gkn`tgb ukbgr uk`grtnfkty. Dut sieg tmfkas nrg eirg prgbf`tndog tmnk itmgrs. Ns Pueegrs nanfk lkiws cuoo wgoo, wmgk Xgtgr Irszna,
Jisgpm G. Ptf Jisgpm Ptfaof aof fs fs tmg tmg wfk wfkkgr kgr ic tmg 488> Kidgo Egeirfno Xrfzg fk G`ikief` P`fgk`gs. Mfs eist rg`gkt diil fs ”Aoidnofzntfik nkb fts Bfs`iktgkts Tgvfsftgb: Nktf-Aoidnofzntfik fk tmg Grn ic Rruep‖.
tmg mgnb ic tmg I`g ic Enknagegkt nkb Dubagt nt tmg dgafkkfka ic Idnen‖s rst
@ipyrfamt: Xrijg`t Pykbf`ntg, 48>=.
nbefkfstrntfik, nkb F nknoysgb tmg rfsls ic nbefkfstrntfik, eirtanag ogkbgr Cnkkfg Eng fk 4884, wg snfb tmnt fts ogkbfka prn`tf`gs nt tmnt tfeg wgrg sncg. Qg bfb kit sny tmnt ki engr
wmnt ft bfb, tmgrg wns ki rfsl.
Ofvg Ofvg
AGG N S A N GGTT S II @@ Qg nrg ofvg gvgrywmgrg, gvgrywmgrg, Nownys.
#KDPWpbntgs
