The king in the endgame.pdf

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M Edm Md

oon ownship, Pennsylvni Chess nterpses

© opygh   by hess Eeses All rgs reseve B 

Eo B G Duley ove Des: E F. Wals Jr Typeseg B G Dudley Ts aeal apee  a eler veso   w    Dav McKay opy 8

Pr

s book has been adapted om "King Power in Chess, s published y David McKay Compy in 8 cKay  has allowed that tha t book o go ou of pin and his has enabled me to esen te maerial in a way ta is muc moe accessie to te eader "King Powe in Chess aimed to to cove cove he enie enie eld of Kng Kng "aciv "aciviy iy " - across across e openng, middegame, and endgame s ed to a ater massive eatise, wc, moeove did no have a uniing whoe Fo insce, as is obvious, wha is impotant edin in ehavio in te oenin es ie eaion  o he chaceisics of endge pay The objecive of "The King in he Endgame is to help the suden scoe more poins by showing ow to se te King as  iheent pat of successl endgame play Topics coveed include: activating the King bot fo wiin d drawng, echnical King movemens (opposiion,  triguation) d impotan activities such as pepaing action, gaining ime and weaving mating nets A complete ising apeas in Contents To make he book eie o use, wo major tecnical improvemens have been made: noation has been changed  to agebrac and diagrams are used for a stting positions  am appy ta this impoved vesion is pbised by Bob Dudley's Chess Enterprises This is my sevenh book for  hs ne pubisng 

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To ensue h he ede d he uho e on he se

To ensue h he ede d he uho e on he se wveengh egding he meing of he queson d excmon mks s hey e used n he chcezion of moves, hese e he eseny cceed mengs   song move     vey song move;  fsic move ? move   d move;  wek move ??  hore move; move;  unde ?  enersing move;  move wohy of consideion ?   duious move, fo heoec o  cc esons New Yok  Edm Medns

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o

Preface

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The King In The Endgame

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Chapte : The Helpless King Section  King Cut O from Specic Field of Action Section 2 King Generally Imprisoned

8 8 4

Chapte 2 The Active King Wins Wins Section  King & Pawn Endgames Section 2 Mino Piece Endgames Section 3 Rook Endgames Section 4 Qeen Endgames Section   Mixed Endgames

20 20 25 34 3 44

Chapte 3 The Active King Achieves a Draw 52 Chapte 4 King Activity for the Defense

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Chapter 5 The Kng as a Generally Useful Piece

3

Chapter  Tecnical King Movements Section  Opposition Section 2 Tiangulation

8 8 74

Chapter 7 Various Important Activities Section  reventing Threats Section  Marking Time Section 3 Gaining Time Section  reparing Action Action Section 5 Weaving Mating Nets

7 7 83 8 0  3

Chapter 8 Coect/Incorrect King Moves

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THE KG I THE ENDGAME It s  s n the endgae endgae tha thatt the Kng s  s Kng Kng f necessty necess ty sheltered sheltered throgh the openng and ddlege n the endge the Kg ecoes a vale pot ghtng pece. pe ce. Mkhal Tal Tal has ngngly sggested that the vale of  actve Kng n the endge s "three ponts" e eqvent to a Bshop or Knght. Jst as the dvdng ne eteen the openng and ddlegae s not sharp so too the ston o the ddlegae to the endge s oen led led  For  endgae to have have ar ar sen to y y nd the the followng two thngs st est ( 1) Soe echanges of ateral st have taken pace d () The portt chacterstcs of ddege ddege play sch sch as the the poce poc e of of speror pece coord coord  naton nor attackg prospects aganst the eney Kng st be abent Note that the ere asence of Qeens however s never enogh to to ndcate the the st st of an endge endge onversely Qeen d pawn endgaes e n porta portant nt p of o f the genre. genre. f a large large ner of peces have een echanged nd the Kngs look safe then yo c feel condent that yore n an endge The asc o oj ectve of the endge s to een a pawn. Ths ch of the acton revoves arod creaton of passed pawns) and the attept attept to to ansf ansfor or the passed pa nto nto a new Qeen. Qeen. The Kng s of ajor poance oth as n attacker and defender n these operatons

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CHAPTER 

The Hepe King Becaue, by deiio e occuece o  ede eque ha a conideable oun o aei h le he bod, e reaii ocepi ocepiece ece d paicree i ipoce ipo ce Thereore, Thereore, i ollo loicaly ha he  ake on a inicy ceed  ole The The ide ih ih a i i uable uable o paicipa paicipae e y i de de a ve eiou hdicap.

King Cut Off om pecic Field of Action

SCI

1.

Middee poiion uually ue relavey broad poible cene o acio in he ede he uil ea o pay i uch  oe localized. I he  can o o e o hi hi e he ulia uliae e  eul  eul o he he e ay ay be decide decided d ie i e a poe poe ia ialy ly dra dra poiio lo o a avoabe poiion poiion only dan The o ipoa cee o acion i he a aep ep a queei queei a pa. pa. I he deeder deeder n n i i cu cu o o  o hi hi  area area e lo lo   i ao ao evia eviable ble  A clic exple i J. Bedk  E Geer, Sieen Oypiad 1970 aer Black h ove

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ie i a pan up, bu Black' acve Rook appe o be ucien compaon e noe ha Black Black n i cu o om rin o e nide. Thi enable enable ie o ach ach eve a orced in n n  i  i 25 ! e 2  R1 Snce Black' n c' help ou, he Rook mu  back. npla nplaya yable ble or or he no no i  e6, a 7 7    Rb6 bo bo op op d  in  in e ePan hie in no en he ay hoever d  i Black' n eec eecve vely ly abe aben n,, he uneq uneq h or promo promoio ion n o e ePan ePan mu end end n ie' ie' avor. avor. 27 ! R + 2 g 5 29 2 9 e Re1 Re 1 3  Re3 31 3 1   32 32 g g  R+ R+ 33 g7  g7 Re3 Re3 3  R+ 35 e c 3 Rd+ c7 c7 37 Rd7+ c 3 Rh7 Rc3 39 e7 Rc2   Re2 1 e Q+ Bck reign

The nd or e deenn n o conol he queenn que i cle, d hould ee a a uidn beacon n poion here a choice o move i poible. onider nex he ooin ooin poiion L. Poluaevky V . orchnoi, orchnoi, 1 977 97 7 dida di dae e Mac Mach, h, Ge 6, aer aer hie' 3rd move.

Black i a pa up, d i i ey o enviion e' bPan d Black' Blac k' Pan Pan bein bein  lo. lo . T ill leave leav e Black' d-Pan d-Pan a he ony pan remn, d e queion ill be heher hie (ih

 

e necess ssistce of te King) c stop it Blacks next is saigtforwd 43    Kc5 Wite Wite sould sould now now play play te obvious obvious 44 Kx Kx nd nd aer aer 44 . .  Rx Rx   4  Ra8 Ra8   to t o keep keep te te Rook Rook ac active ive He cn cn ten ten old te p sition aer eer 4    Kd4+ 46 Kf4 Rb l (46   . Re 47 Ra4+! Kd3 48 R Kc4 49 Ra6!) 47 Ra4+ Kd3 48 Ra3+ Kc4 49 Ke3 or aer 4  Rb4 46 Ra+! Kb6 47 Ra8! Rd4 48 Ke6 4 Rc8+?? So of time Wite comts a orrible tougtless blunder 44  KxbS 45 Kx Re3! Te move Wte ad overlooked wen e indulged in s " automa automac c"" cec c eck k tes Kg now is nd remns remns cut o om om te Black pawns queening mc wit te position becomig a roue teoretica wn. 46 K Re 47 Rd8 Kc5 48 Rc8+ Kd4 9 K d5 SO K ReS! 51 R8 R8 Kc3 Kc3 52 RJ+ RJ+ Kb4 5 3 Rt R t d4 54 5 4 R R d3 SS S S Rc8 Rc8 d2 56 5 6 Rb8+ Rb8+ Kc3 57 Rc8+ Kd3 58 Rd8+ Kc2 59 Rc8+ Kd 1 ie reign. Bla Bl ack as obtaed te "Lucena postion" postion"  own as a wn wn snce snce te te end end of te te 1  t ce cen ntury tury Te Te proof: proof: ( 1 ) 60 Rc7 R R  + 6 1 Kg2 Ke2 Ke2 62 Re7+ Kd3 63 Rd7+ Ke3 64 Re7+ Kd4 6 Rd7+ Rd and (2) 60 Rd8 Re2+ Re2+ 6 1 Kfl Kfl (6 1 K Ke1 Ke1 ) 6 1 . .  Rel + 62 K K Kc2. Kc2. n K nd  endings the need for e Kg to cono te enemy pas pa s queenng squ sque e is is of course absolute absolut e Disaster owever c sike in vious fos. fos. First consider consider te position position A. Lein Lein   Biyias ew ork Inteational 1977 aer Backs 37t move sown on te next page. te is a pan up te activty of Blacks Rook d te weness of Wites gawn mes tat tere is no wn

0

38 Kg3 Rc3+ te has nothg better than to acquiesce to 39 g2 Rc4 40 g3 etc with a draw as e passive 39 h2 Rc4 40 Rg2 gives no wig chces d Black can choose either 40 . a5 or 40 . g7. Yet White "decides" to commit suicide: 39 R?? With the point that aer 39 .. Rx?? 40 Kx Wtes ing is close enough to the Queenside to stop Backs pawns thereby givng te a won endg endge e With s unexpected unexpected (by White reply Black wins a key tempo and completely s e tabes. 39  5! Aer 40 Rxc3 bxc3 the c-Pawn queens and if White ies to get out of e pn with 40  he is one move too late aer 40 .  . Rx+ 4  x x a4 42 e2 e2 b3 43 axb3 axb3 ! 0 h6  Whe resigns Aer 4  h7 Rx 42 x g7 Blacks ng ng is cose enoug enough h to the scene of action but Whtes g isnt

n e previous exple Whtes ng was simply itetcally too f away om om the Queens Queenside. ide. Oen the the Kng Kng seems to be close clo se enough yet use of appropate interference prevents it om reaching hs goal goal  is is what what happens to the pay arising arising om A Pomar  Cua Olot 1974 aer Blacks 62nd move.



Playg te e Spnish GM has obtaed only a materly even endge agst hs unhera unherald lde e opponent The endge oers notg but equaty d the best way to mntan te staus quo is wth 63 Kd4 Ke6 64 Kc4 Kd6 65 65 Kd4 Kd 4 K 66 Kc4. Kc4. ut Pom uind uind of potential dnger dnger tks oy of o f g 63 Kd6?? 

and alows lack a chacteristic wnig behrou w

63  4!! 64 Kd5

The dger has been perceived but the King wont be able to get back i tie. Altatey Altatey 64 6 4 gxf4 gxf4 h4 wil give giv e ack ack a g passed hPa d ae 64 exf4 exf4 h4! 65 gxf4 gxf4 g3! 66 g3 e3 te e-Pawn c't be caught 64   h4! 65 Kxe4 Kxe4  ! !

The key ntefeence move preventg Whte's King om getg  to   ae 65   . h3?? 66 6 6 gxh3 gxh3 gxh3 gxh3 67 K. 66 g h3 Whie esigns

Thee e e of course my my oter types of acon cu lly importnt for practica play s the type shown in the poston on  the  the next page P Ostee Osteeyer yer  J Dueball Mnhe 1975 er acks 53d move. Such endgmes e generally won fo te songer side povided that hi Kig ca ait i the aace aace of hi Thi s prin prin ciple shoud shoud see as the bass fo fo Whtes Whte s decsons. decson s. pa Thi ecause it doesnt Wte doesnt win:

2

54 Kg2? Kg2?!! A seious seious though not fa fatal tal misstep misstep  Coect i s 5 4 £ £  with with the usu obective of using the King to assist the pawns to advnce. Blac Black k has two two def defens enses neithe su sucien cientt (  ) 54    b3 55 Kf4! Rc4 56 Ke3 Rc3 Rc3 5 Ke Ke4 Kf Kf6 (5    Rc4 58 Kd3 Rf4 59 Ke3) 58 f4 Rc4 59 Ke3 Rc3 60 Kd4 Rg3 6  Rb6 Ke 62 g5 followed ollow ed by Ke4 Ke 4 Kf5 Kf5  etc Slowly nd n d surey surey White keeps moving fow owad ad And (2) (2) 54    Rc4 Rc4 5 5 Rb6 Rb6 Kg Kg (5 (5 5 . .  Kg5 5 6 f4  Rf4 Rf4 5  Rb5 Rb5  wins wins the Rook) 56 5 6 f4 f4   followed followed by g 5  f5 f5  etc etc . With With the King on the thid nk the pawns c advance by themseves since a  R is easily met by Kg4 54  b3 55 4?? Bu t ae this thee thee is no win since Whites Kng emains emains cut cut of of t was stil not too late fo bidge building with £ Kg3 etc White has lost some time but Black cnt do nything of substnce with it. 55  K6! Sely not 55 . Rc2 56 K£ nd the King gets out 56 Rb6+ K 57 g5 Kg7 58 5 Acquiescing Acquiesc ing to an iediate iediate d daw. aw. With Whites King King elegat elegated ed to the second nk thee is no way to mke pogess 58  Rc5! Now thee is no way to potect the ovey advnced pawns 59 Rb7+ Kg8 60 Rb8+ draw

1

2 Kg Genery Imprisoned

SC 2 Kg Genery Imprisoned ee e two poblems wit a ng wo is so contaned tat it must be consideed to be impisoned Fst, it is of no oesive  elp d except fo e few sqes sqes immei immeiate ately ly ound ound it, also also of no defensive defensive vue Secondly Secondly d pticully pticully in posions contan contan g one o moe majo pieces e King c be eadily vulerable to a mag aack

 absolutely opeless posion fo pacticl purposes is te abov abovee posio posion n om om L. Smk Smkov ovic ic - A Sol Sols s 1 978 US  Cp Cpi i onsip ae ites 33d move Not only is lack a pan do but s King d isop e contained contained on e st st nk nk Wites Wit es immedate reat is 34 d6 so lack plays 33    Rb7 Rd8 followed by 35 Ke2; Ke2; o 33    Kg7 34  3 3    Rd3 34 Rd8

Ke2 Rb2+ 35 Kd3 Rb3+ 36 Kd2 Rb2+ 37 Kc3 folowed by 38 d4+ 34 Bd4 h6 35 h4 Rb3+ Rb3+ 36 Ke2 Ke2 Rb7 37 3 7 R!

lack lack would woul d be  complete complete zugzwg zugzwg ae ae 37    5 3 8 g3 Tee Tee foe e alows  mediate end 37  Rb4 38 d6! Bck esigns

14

Of course a position doesnt have to b as hopeless as the above

Of course a position doesnt have to b as hopeless as the above still to be hopeless hopeless This is ue ue of L Polu P olugaev gaevsky sky  V Korchnoi 1 977 97 7 Cddates Cddat es Match Gme Gme 2 aer Blacks 3 4th move Though Though mateal is ven Blacks Rook has peneated into ite's position nd Blacks Kngside pawns wil fo a fence around Whites King te is i s simpy lost th cours cours was was as follow follows s

35 Bc3 Rct 36 Bd2 Rc2 37 4 4 38 h3 + 39 K hS 40 hxg4 hxg4 Whi rsigns

Here the ge was adjoed d White took 45 minutes to sal hs move 41Ke He rsigned without coninuing sinc 41  Bc5 kps Whit in a hopss harlo rlock ck No bttr would hav hav ben 41 Rd4 as the followg alysis by Robet Bye shows 41  Rb2 42 B  l Rx Rxb3 b3 43 Rxg4 Rb l ( Shade Shadess of of Shmko Shmkovic vichSoltis hSoltis evr evrs sd) d) 44 R4 Bb4 45 R6 K 46 R3 Kg6 47 R6 K 48 R3 Rxl 4 9 Rxe Rxell Bxe l 50 Kxe l Ke4 Ke4 d Black Black wins wins the the King King  d Pawn Pawn ndge There e times when the greatest of sophistication is required to recoze recoz e the ulmate dang danger er of having having a contained contained King King Th following position E Mdnis   D Evans Evans Nw York nta  tional  tional 11 1977 aer Blacks 40th mov appears o hold no dangers for Black Black  With Wi th his his next next move move howver Whit Whit sets a sophisticatd sophistic atd ap:

15

4 RS!

Attacking the h-Pawn which thereore should be deended yes? 4  g6? Coect ct is 4 1   6 6  te can not aord to play 42 h5? No! Coe

beca becaus usee o  42 4 2 e5 43 Be3 d6 and Whtes Rook is se-apped hereore best would have been 42 e5 but with only a slight adv  tage  tage or ite 42 Rc6!

Black now is lost: his King and ight e contaed nd this also chains his Rook to the rst rank Moreover e holey natue o Blacks paw ormation enables Whtes King to peneate to Blacks Blacks Kingside Kingsid e 42    Ne7 43 Rc7! Nc8 44 Be5! Nb6 45 Bd4 Rb8 46 K! Nc8 47 Be5 Nb6

oses oses imme immedi diat atel ely y ut aer 47    Ra8 48 K4 K4 Wht Whte ess King King sts mching in 48 Rc6! Rb7 49 Bd4 Back resigns

Aer 49    d d7 50 50 Rc8  5 50    7 5 1 Rh8 mate) 5 1 Bc5 Whte Wh te wins wi ns the the pinned pinned Knight he iprisoned Kig is such a liability that the only coec advice  to give in how to deend deend such positios positios is: AVOID HEM A graphic illusation o the never-eding problems resulting o such a King position is demonsated in the play arisig om E Mednis 

16

I. Csom Budapest 97  9788 aer Backs 3 3 rd move Thoug Though h a pawn

I. Csom Budapest 97  9788 , aer Backs 3 3 rd move Thoug Though h a pawn dow Back is eady better here, because of his active Rook d the uti utimat matee unerabiity of a of hites Kngside Being sho of tme, however, I didnt appreciate the additiona risk of getting my Kng imprisoned:

34 c4? or bett better er or or worse, 3 4 b3  had to be payed htes King King woud then have obtained a far ount of mobiity 34    Kc6! 35 Be3 R 36 cxd5+ Kxd5 37 Bb6 b3! It is this move to which  had negected to give the necessa respect hites King now remas remas contaned for the the rest rest of the game 38 axb3 axb3 39 Bc7 Rh3 40 Rd+ Ke4 41 Bd6 The ad adjoed jo ed position posi tion naysis showed that that as ong  Back is carefu to keep the bind, hites chances of surviva e n 4 1 •• Bd8 42 Bc5 Bc7! 43 Rel+ Kd5 44 Bd6 Ba5! 45 Rd Ke4 46 Bc5 Bd2! 47 B Kxe5 48 Bel Bf4 49 Bc3+ K 50 Rfl h4 51 Bel Rh3 Whie resigns hite's King is sti contained whie he is aready down materia

The practica considerations that exist in  actua ge e exce enty shown by the couse of pay om J Benj  P Biyiasa New York Inteationa 11  977, 977 , aer aer Ba Back cks s 4  st move move

17

The me conol s ove Black s two cle pawns down d s Kng Kn g s he he expose exp osed d hte h tess wn shoud not be f f aw nste nstead ad note wha happens d why t happens 42 Qd4?? ccodng to convenonl ing a good pl te exchges the Queens d emans two pawns up in the endge et a de consdaon shows t to be wong because tes Kng wl  ema  ema mpisoned mpisoned d unsaf unsafee dung dung the pla pl ay to come wheeas wheeas wth the Queens o o Black Blacks s Kng s safe safe t s most doubtl f te endge s a w fo te of couse t shouldnt be lost oect fo te woud have been a mddege move such as 42 Re Re l 4 2    Qxd4! 4 3 Rxd4 Re7 Re7 leady Back s opeatng wth mag eats 44 Rd1 Re4 45 R K7 46 d6 5 47 Nd5 Re2 48 Nb6 4 49 Nxc4?! Both 49 d7 d 49 xa4 e bette 49     50 Rd K! 51 N3?! 5 1 a3 s bee 51  Ke8 52 c4 Rx2 53  Kd7 54 Nb5 B4 55 Rc? go od eough fo fo equalty. 5 5 Re shoud sl be good 55  Rc2! 56 R1 Rxc5 57 Nc3 Be6 58 Nx4 R5 59 Nc3 Kxd6 60 Rd1 Ke7

18

ith his Kng sti imprison imprisoned ed ht now is ost. Aer winnin winnin

ith his Kng sti imprison imprisoned ed hte ht e now is ost. Aer winnin winning g te's h-Pawn Back wi have a decisive h-Pawn of s own. 6 Re K 62 R B 63 Rf4 Kf6 64 Na4 Kg5 65 Rc4 Kh5 66 axb3 Kg5 67 Rcl h5 68 Rg+ Kf4 69 R+ Kg3 70 Rg+ K 7 Rh Be4 72 Rh4 B 73 Kb Kg3 74 Rc4 h4 75 Nc3 Re5 76 R h3 77 Rg8 Bg4 78 Rh8 h2 79 Kc2 Rh5 80 Ne4+ Kf4 8 Rxh5 Bxh5 Bxh 5 82 N K  Whi Whiee resgns resgns

1

C2

The Active King Wins C 1 ng  Paw Endges As the ony pece le by deton the ng's power in ng d Pawn Pawn endges s awesome awesome Ap om om genera King King actty the  tech  technc nc Kng movents movents caled "oppos "opposton ton"" d "gu "gua aon" on" e so of major scce Snce these wl be considered in detal ater on n the book y appece n ts seco wil be ony noted tgental tgentaly y Kng actity actit y i s ways ways of pount pount impoce d when I t of the "actve Kng" what  me s that  the  the Kig a ge o hee i a o go A bic mpot position s of the pe shown beow te on move

Idely te wts to capture lack's pa whie ack wts to captue captue te tes s Clely Clely lacks lacks Kng is too f f away away to do at As a second go lack wnts to be abe abe to protect s paw s

20

aso wi wi  be shown to to be mpossbe mpossb e Thrdy Thrdy Back woud wt to

aso wi wi  be shown to to be mpossbe mpossb e Thrdy Thrdy Back woud wt to ose the pawn ony under such crcumstces that he c st hod e postio pos tion n for for a draw. draw. Yet f te pays pay s coec coecty ty ths too c be avode avo ded. d. te t e to pay pay wns as foows oow s  b!! Over Overea eag ger  s e mmed mmedaate  Ke4? a Back Back dr draw awss aer aer  .  . b 5   2 Kd5 Kb7 3 Kc5 Ka 4 Kc Ka7 5 Kb5 Kb7 d a poston known know n as a theoretca draw draw ha been reached reached hte hte c aways aways capture Backs pawn the key to the  of the ge s to do t the right way   Kb7 2 Ke4 Kc7 3 Ke! Kd7 4 Kd! Kc7  Ke6 Kc8 6 Kd6! Kb7 Kb7 7 Kd7! Kb8 8 Kc6 Ka7 9 Kc7 Ka8  0 Kb6 Kb6 nd so at ong ast htes active Kng has captured the pawn Since htes Kng s on the  ixth ank in ont o it pawn the poition i won iepective o who i on move 0  Kb8   Ka6 Ka8 2 b6 Kb8 3 b7 Kc7 Kc7 4 Ka7 Whi Whiee s The actve Kng s potentiay even more dangerous when there e pawns on both sdes of the bod Ths stuaton wth the pawn formatons ormatons unbance unbanced d s shown shown in ths poston po ston S Kachev Kachev Y  Gutop 978 Moscow Chponshp aer tes 49 move It s obvousy Backs King whch s active and he won  foows

49  g! O hxg hxg 5 Kd2 e4 52 a3 f

.

2

Black c readily create a psed pa om hs maort where the overpowerg locaton of Blacks Kng prevents Whte o

Black c readily create a psed pa om hs maort where the overpowerg locaton of Blacks Kng prevents Whte o acevg e se 53 gxf4 gxf4 54 b4 Kc4! 55 Kc Kb5! 5 KcJ K4 57 Kd4 e3 58 fxe3  Whie resigns

Aer 59 Kd3 Kxa3 60  Kxb4 Blacks Kng c stop Whtes e-Pawn but Whites ct get to Blacks aPawn A more sophsticated demonsaion of e value o e active Kg is shown in the play ising om A Jusu Jusupo povv - Io Iono nov v USSR 977 977 aer Blacks 45th move

White has two advtages here the obvious one of having the active Kng and the less obvious one of havng the potential Queen sde pawn breakthough (because o Blacks doubled bPawns) sl to that that in in Pom Pom  Cuadas Cuadas he bic g method is for Whites King to force Blacks f enough away om the Queenside to allow allow the break to be executed he course of e gme: 4 b4 Kf 47 bS

Whtes bPawn is now now  place. Black has nothng beer th contued passivit since 47 47 . g5+ 48 Kg4 Kg6 loses to 49 a3 K 50 Kh Kf5 51 a4! Kf6 52 Kh6 K 53 Kg7 and Whites Kng wll be the st one to do damage. Kg4 Kf Kf 49 h4 Kg Kg SO hS hS Kh?! 47    Kg 48 Kg4

22

Maes White Whitess tas oute oute.. Moe logical was 0 0   . Kf6 1 Kf4! Ke also losg is 1 . g6 2 h6! g+  Ke! d Blac ct go ae e hPa because of Whtes an beatough) 2 Kg K  K Ke 4 Kg6 K  a d ae the foced  .. Kg8 Whte wns wi 6 c! 6 . dxc  a! bxa 8 b6! cxb6  d6 K 60 d Ke 61 Kxg a4 62 h6  6 h  64 d8  Q+ Kxd8 6 h8Q+. 5 a4 g6 52 c5 gxhS a8 = Q  2 .. bxc  a c4 4 a6 bxa6  bxa6 c 6 a c2  a8=

gxh+ 8 K e acve acve Kg) 8 .. c = Q  Qh8 mate 53 K

But hee it is pot fo the Kng to be ale to so the awns as  K? alows  . h4!, d if Wte stos the hPawn with 4 Kg4 the mate eat apent apent  the above note note has has evaoated I n e ge Blac esigned ae e text usupov gives the followg ely conuaon 53    bxcS 54 aS c4 55 a6 bxa6 56 bxa6  57 Ke3 ie wins Blacs cPan gets stoed Whites aPawn omotes. he active g doesnt necessaily have to be gang mateial to be dog its p in g  g Gag teitoy tei toy o eventng eats is oen equy desiable he folowing osition osition a 2 study by N igoiev at st glce oes sct wing hoes fo Whte

23

Yet opitiated and actie King movement lead to te following fored win  K! Ke3 2 KeS c6

o preven preventt Wite Wite Kd5 Kd5 Aer Aer     d3 3 Kd5 K3 K3 4 K5 te win i rotine 3 a4 Kd3 4 aS cS 5 a6 c4 6 a7 c3 7 a8 = Q c2 8 QdS+!

Blak i t an eyela away om a talemate daw To win, Wte mt pt i Qeen on te oet qre nd ten move i ng do to reate a mating net 8   . Ke2

Aer Aer 8   . e3 Wt Wtee win wit 9 Qg Qg follow followed ed by 1 0 Qg5( Qg5(  9 Qa2! a2! Kdl l O Kd Kd4! cl  Q   Kd3! Kd3!  e ns ns

Mate Mate i npre npreve venta ntable ble e.g e.g 1 1  .  Qf4 2 Q2+ Q2+ Kel Ke l 3 Qe Qe e above i a tdy ye Bt now let  ee ow te teme of prevenng Blak paw o qeenng ad tlizing te Kig a  of te mating attak re ferable to real life  exellent pratial ae i own in te poiton below Dr Mdler  Proak Eat Germany 1976 ·Wite to move

te i two pawn aead, yet Blak King i at te troat of Wite' ingide ingide otine play i infient infient fo te ll pont eg e g 1 b5 xg2  Kb7 x3 3 Kxa7 Kg4 4 b6 3 d after bot ide Qeen Wite aPaw on te te tird rk i i not not enog to win e win reqire a different type of Kng ativity

24

I Kd5!! g2 2 Ke4 Kxh3 3 K White la i cle he wat to keep Black ig a haw cotaie log eough to eable him to make a uee fom hi ueeie paw majoity majo ity Black oly actical hoe i to y to ceate a talemate o the igie 3 ... Kh2 4 K!!

Oly o Aer 4 b5 g!! 5 g4 g2! 6 xh4  Black ig get back i time to the ueeie; ae 4 a4 h 5  a5!! 6 bxa5 h 7 a6  Black ha ceate talemate 4 . h3 5 b5! Kh 6 K! h2 7 b6!! a5!?

The oly ty, ice 7  axb6 8 a4 b5 9 a5 allow White to romote with checkmate 8 b7 a4 9 Ke2! Ufotuately White mut eleae the talemate Howeve, White ig emai cloe eough to Black o that the comig uee  aw egame i wo. 9 ... Kg 0 b8  Q h



Q  Qb6+ Kh2 2 Qd6+ Kg

O 2 . h  h6 g2 4 g5 h 5 h5 g2 6 g4 h2 7 !, a White ig i cloe eough to mate Black 3 Qd4+ Kh2 4 Q4+ Kg2 5 Qg4+ Kh2 6 K! Back esigns

Iiet mate i uavoiable  SECTIO 2 io iece  iece Egame  Sice the value of the active ig i the egame i apoxiately  oit the egth of the active ig i a mior iece egame i euivet euive t to a whoe mio mio iece Thi mea that i mio iece egame the active ig i a emeou owe a mot of the time i i the wiig factor A coectio coec tio of mio iece egame will emoate thi picile a well a give guice i the oe utilizatio of the ig Iuctive ay i a ecoo Biho ege ie om Taaov Taaov  T eoi eoia, a, 957 957 SS  SS  Chamio Chamioh hi i aer White White  40th move Supecialy White poitio may look   He ha the ueeie maoity  hi aw thee e o the ght colo

25

Yet it wil become apparent very soon that lack has in fact a decisive advantage because he c rapidly mobilize hs Kng

40    Kg7

lack pans simply to n his King along the h8a diagona to b2 Wte suers om having hs King stuck on the edge of the bod at  herefore, to try to slow down lacks King, ite must use hs fPawn  but ts leads leads to a chronc weakening of Whites Kgsde 41 f4 Kf6 42 g3 K! 43 Bbt Be4 44 B2 Bd3 45 Kg2 Ke4 46 gxh4

Allows lack two connected psed pawns n the center, to go with his active King ut equally uaactive is 46 K K xg3 47 Kxg3 Kd4 46  Kxf4 47 K Ke5! 48 Bb3

acks King d passed pawns now c become actve ut 48 Ke3 loses a pawn aer 48   48  Kd4 49 Bd l e5 50 h5 gxh5 51 Bxh5  52 h4 f4 53 53 Bd l e4! e 4! 54 h5 Ke5!

Passed paws must be pushed and both sdes strive to folow ths prnciple lacks connected passed pawns rema a power force, but rst lack's King neuaizes Whites pawn 55 h6 Kf6 56 Bb3 e3 57 K Be4! 58 Ke2 Kg6

limating the hPawn 59 Be6 Kh6 60 Bd7 Kg5 61 4 Kf6!

ovng over to neutralize Wite's Queensde prospects

26

6 b5 xb5 63 xb5 Ke5 64 Bg4 Kd5 ie resigns

Ae e foced 65 c6 bxc6 66 bxc6 xc6 Black s up the two passed pawns Ove-l wha a colossa colo ssall ob by by Black's Black's Kng e Kgs poce s even geae n  oppose-colo Bshop endge Snce each Bshop does s own hng  s s eKng's eKng's ole whch os oen s he decsve faco faco  s vey vey uch so n the the play sng o E Medn Medns s -  Lo Lob bd dy y 978 978 US Ch Chp pon on sp ae Blacks 46 ove

e s up a sound pan bu e blockadng endences of he oppose-colo Bshops es e poen  f n he e hes geneal saegy s  follows: s Kng wll head o he Queensde; Blacks Kg wll have o do lkewse o he's aPawn wll pooe Whe's Bshop hen wll captue Blacks £-Pawn  Blacks Kgsde us weakened he's Kng wll e o  d penea peneaee decsvely s s exacly wha happens happens  hough hough  es paence 47 Ke4 B 48 Bc8 Kd8 49 B

he has accoplshed hs s obecve e Bshop s on e pope dagonal fo geng o h7 Blacks poental coune play va   s sopped and hes Kg s ee o head o the Queensde Black Black has has no e fo fo  e ed da aee Kng Kng foay foay ee ee 49    Kc7 50 Bh7 Kb6 5 Bg8 Ka5 52 Bx a4 53 K Bh4 54 Ke6 ec w e Kngs peneaon decsve

27

49 o o  Bel SO Bh7 Kd7 Sl Kd Kd8 52 Kc4 Kc7S KbS Bg 54 aS Bel SS Bd

Prior to executig the dicated l te ill a it of time  order to reach the time cool o o Move 6.  i a commo toet techique whe the ooet uch a Blac here ha o way of imrovig h oitio. SS  Bh4 56 Be4 Bel 57 Ka6 Bb4 58 Bh7 BgS 59 Bg8 Bd2

Aer coiderale thought Blac agai tic to hi aive aroach. f coure the oly reao I heitated aout layig Bg8 wa to decide o how to reod if Blac lay .. f i.e. here 9 .. f I felt faily cea that 6 6 gxf f6 6  B£ hould wi wi a hite evetually get i f4 d Blac alo ha to reco with a otetial c-aw re Neverthele I had decided that eve urer i i 6 Bx£ with the the followig oiilit oiilitie ie ( ) 6  f4 6 6  Bg6 Bg6 Bh4 62 Bf B 6 K Bg 64 a6 B 6 c4 Bg (6 . Bc 66 h4 etc.) 66 a7 K7 67 a8  Q Ka8 68 Kc6; (2) 6 .  6 e4 e4 e4 (6 (6  .   f4 62 Be8 followed y 6 B) 62 Bg6 e 6 Bd d i due coure hte will fahio a aed aw o the Kgide o wi; () 6  g4 6 g4 d ag hite will ot a wiig Kigide aed a 60 Bx B 6 Bg6 Bel 62 B B 6 KbS

ith ojective 2 wiig the faw acheved hte' Kig head ac to go for ojectve  eeao of Blac' Kgide. 6 • Bel 64 a6 B 65 Kc4 Kb6 66 Bc8 Kc7 67 Bb7 Kd8 68 Kd Ke7 69 Ke4 Bb6 70 Bc8 S 71 Be6 K 72 K Kg7 7 c B

Blac eem to e jut holdig y a hair  74 7 4 Bc8 Bc 8 c e me y 74   K£ But a imle tactical deectio deectio  meuver meuver immediately how u the deciecie i Blac c. 74 Bg8! S 75 Ke6

Blac mut ow cature a otheie te lay 76 B£ d ha eeated for othg 75  Kxg8 76 Kxf6

Thu hite ha achieved h thid ojecive hi Kg ha eeated ito Blac' oitio. The cot (e' Biho) i eaily

28

aodable, as s Biso ad no oensie owe d neite Blacks Kng no Biso as y offensie ossibilities On a uely mateial balce Wite as tee awns fo te iece wc is lly scient 76    Kh7

Leads to an immediate disaste yet 6  K is only mgially bette:  c4 Kg8 (Ae  .. .. Ke8 8 Kg te mkes a wining assed gawn 8 4! B 9 Ke6 Bc5 80 Kd followed by Kc Kb a etc 77 K!

Black now is elless aganst te comg Kgside a adce Te conclsion was 77   B 78 h4 Bc5 79 g5 hxg5 80 hxg5 Bb6 81 g6+ Kh6 82 g7 Kg5 83 g8  Q+ Kf Kf4 84 Qg4 Q g4+ + KeJ KeJ 85 Qgl Qg l +  86 Qxb6 Qxb 6 e4 87 a7  88 a8  Q e2 89 Qe8 et  Q 90 Qxel Back esigns

Een at te maste leel it mst be emasized oe d oe aga ow citical ones osition c become if te oonent  te actie King  excellent illsation  a Kgt endgme is oided by egal  B Io ao alo 1 98, ae Blacs Blacs 22nd moe

Wite, a Bzli mte, ad jst sed to excge o all te ooks in te exectation tat tis will bing im close to a daw His Kigt is well laced d a fomation fomation faltless Bt te moe exeienced Ygosla Gdmaste ad coectly easoned

2

ha he immie acivi f hs Kg wil suce   Back's Kig is already alread y ceaied Whie's is  Ne hw qcky qck y Blacks Kig aais a dmg psi: psi: 23 K Kd6! 24 Ke2 Kd5 25 N

Whes Kgh lks fr a mre sable cai Aer 25 K vkv gives he fllwg g  g prcedure: 25  Ne4+ 26 Ke2 Kc4 27  Nc5 28 Kd2 e5 flwed by 29  Kb3 2 5  e5 26 Nd2 e4 27 g4

 preve 2 7   ye his pa advce weakes e Kigside 27  Na4 28 b3 Nc3 29 K b5 30 Kg2 a4!

Bh es Whies a-Paw d pes up e c4 sque fr peia ila by e Kig r Kigh 31 b4 Ke5! 32 Kg3 

Black rs seghes hs gside paw fai he Quee side play w'  away 33 gx Kx 34  Ke5! 35 K  36 Kg3 Ndl 37 e4 Nxe3 38 ex Nx 39 K Kd4!

Blacks Kg is w ready  devr Whie's Queeside whle he echge f Kigside paws ha ealy decreased Blacks er abiliy here Whie is ally ls 40 Kf4 Nd6 ie resigns

I Bishp vs Kgh edgames he rle f he acive Kig c be csidered a "rma" e, hus beg ve e he decisive facr  such edigs Success fr fr he side wih he Bishp is is dem saed m he psii  he e page V Krchi  L. Pisch Susse erz 1967 aer Whe's 63rd mve Whe is up a passed gPaw ye his Bishp is able  aack y paws wle Blacks Kgh h a uassailable psii  e5 Whie's Kig is acively placed hwever d Back ca' preve i m peeaig herefre Whie ws

30

63    Kg K g7

tes gPawn will advce if Back places hs King n e7. te   wis  63 ... c4 64 bxc4 Nd3 65 Kf5 Nc5 66 e5 dxe5 67 e5 a4 68 Bxa4! Nxa4 69 d6 (Kchni). 64 K K

If 64 . N tes acve ng wins as fllws 65 Ke6! Nd4 66 Kxd6 Nxb5 67 Kxc5 Nc3 68 e5 Ne4 69 Kb6 Nxg5 70 Kxa5 N 7  e6 etc etc 65 Be a4 66 bxa4 c4 67 BhS! Kg7 68 Bd c 69 Ke6 Nc4 70 aS! Back resigns

A 70 .. Nxa5 7 Kxd6 tes active King pvides decisive supp f e mch f e psed cente pas

3

h activ Kig hls th sid with th Kight t w  A b

h activ Kig hls th sid with th Kight t w  A b sti sti  A Alkhi Alkhi, , Ld Ld 1 922 922,, a lacks lacks 50th mv, mv, i th diagam  th vis ag. lacks Paw d Kight k Whts Kig away m th Qsid d ack wis by wakig hs Kig v 5 Kgl K! 52 Kg2 Ke7 53 Bg8 Kd6 54 B Kc5 55 Bxh5

Psiv sistac wld hav b bvisy hlss 55  Nxb3 56 K A slightly btt y was 56 g4, a whch Alkh gvs th lwig wiig li 56  d4 57 g5! g5 58 g5 x5 59 £ Kd4 60 K Kd3 61 K h4 62 d5 b3! 56 • Kd4 57 B Kd3

h actv Kig maks ssibl ths ick cmbiatia slti 58 Bxb3 Kd2 59 Bc4 b3 60 Bxb3 e2 ie resigns

What abt th latish  th Kig d aws i th ght vss a sig m ic s is wll kw,  mi ic is sally gdd gd d as ivt t t 3 as It mst b aways kt  md that as th ttal c lv dcass, th balac s m d m i th av  th aws aws I th ltimat c   Kig d mi ic vs Kg ad 3 aws aws t is bvis that th sid with with th aws has z lsig chacs d xcllt wig scts Wh  sid with th aws als h th activ Kig, its wig chacs a atastc ic th activ Kig Kig is is ivalt i i val t a mi ic, it c b stlatd that i sch sitatis th aws" sid has i ct th matial advtag  th as h cclsi cclsi  Mds Mds  Lmbady dms dmstrat tratd d hw asily asily th activ Kg + th aws wi agaist a ish Vy  th actv Kig ds ch lss aw w t b ctai  victy Exclt d  thght is vidd by, J Pit Pit  E Mdis, Mdis, da das stt 1 976, a a Whit Whitss 57th mv, mv, i i th diagam  th xt ag

32

hte hs  psse pwn for the xchnge n hs Kng s be to suppo the pwn's pwn's nce The utmte utmte euton euton of the poston seems unce though n fct Bck hs  eecng force wn 57 . Kb5

As  neer consere pyng ths moe. To set the stge for wht foows the gme ws to be joe t tht moment wth Bck to to se hs moe moe Aer some thng t seeme cer to me tht t ws mportnt both for gener prncpes n n ths specc cse to ctte my psse Rook, n  see 57 .. Re? where upon hte just mnge to rw rw 5 8 Kf5 Re 59 Bf B f4 K7 0 Kf Kf Rf   Ke5 Ke7 2 g K K 3 Bh+ Kg8 Kg8 4 K5 Rb  5 Kxc4 Rb2  4  7 K5 b5 8 b5 Rxb5 9 Kc Rb3 70 c4 Rg3 7 B2 Rxg 72 Kb7 R rw Durng hs home yss my opponent h qucky note the power of 57 .. Kb5 whch e s metrcy opposte to mne when  pye 57    Re? Bck not not ony ony keeps hs Rook psse but must scrc scrcee t soon for for htes gPwn g Pwn On the other hn he cttes hs Kng  t sweeps nto htes Queense ong the wek ght squres n ets up te's pwns  entre nght of nys nysss by Pnter Pnter prouce no sng sng pn for hte - there s none So Bck's corect pn ws to scrce hs Rook n ctte hs Kng. Yet t neer occue to me to ee my Rook ps ps e e ht ce c  ge mysef for the ture? Perhps, to wys repet n my mn mn the the ct cte e Kng, Kng, ct cte e Kng Kng, , ct cte e Kn Kng g . .

33

58 K Rg8 59 g6 Ka4 60 Kf6 Kf6 Kb3 6 6  K 8 8 62 g7 Rh7 63

58 K Rg8 59 g6 Ka4 60 Kf6 Kf6 Kb3 6 6  K 8 8 62 g7 Rh7 63 Kg6 Rxg7 64 Kxg7 Kc2 65 Bf4 Kxb2 66 a4 Kxc3 67 Bb8 a6 68 Bc7 b5 69 axb5 axb 5 axb5 70 Kf6 Kf6 Kd3 7 Bd6 Bd6 c3 72 Ke5 c2 73 Ba3 b4 74 Bb2 Kc4 75 Ke4 Kb3 76 B Ka2 77 Kd3 Kb 78 Bg5 b3 79 Kc3 b2 Back s

Of couse, te above s ust oe llusative varato mae at te tres Blacks acve Kg s decsve.

Yet no

SC 3 k Endges Te most poat sgle facto  Rook ad Pa edgmes s Rook actvty. Ts s so because becaus e te Rook, Rook, toug toug excellent as  aacker s a clumy defede. By tsel e actve Kg  Rook ad Pa edgames s less of a poe t  o pece edgmes Whe teed t  acve acve Rook oeve t becomes vey sgct Te aesoe poer poer of suc a combaon s excellently demosated  te play arsg om E Toe  P Byasas Cleveland 197, ae hte's t move

Bot sdes ave active Rooks d ave ave passed pas. Te cdal cdal deece teefoe, s te locao of e Kngs. Kng s. ere htes s passvely placed d eve  dge of beg mated Blacks c be used as as  actve attack attackgg pece Terefoe Terefoe     Kxd? Kxd? ould be cogrous stead decsve s

34

5    Kc3

Cong es g o e s rnk d enabg Blacks conneced psed pans o rol fowd. hes response s as good  y. 55 h6 Rx Rx

he ae rea ws a epo 56 Kb c

Back s now able o ue ue bo he d d a-les a-les for hs Rooks Rooks aakg purposes purposes f now 57 Rd7 57   . b3 58 h7 b2 b2 folowed by 5 .. Ra ae 57 R Rx5

 e ae  ae ea e a 58 Rd + 5  b3 60  Ral oo eager eager s 57 57.. .. b3? 58  b2?? because of 5 R+ 58 K b3 59 Rb7 R2 ie rein er 60 h7  6  h8  Q coes 6 .. Rfae d 6 

 aows Bak o sop he ha whereupon hs psed pas  be decsve.  dng where he derence lay n he acv of he respecve gs

Oen e reave pawn coun s consderaby less sgnc h e acv of  d R R hs was aready noed n oe  Byasas. Byasas.  even ore drac deonsaon occurs  he play arsng o s poson S Glgoc  E  Geler Zurch Cddaes oen 53 aer hes 60 ove he s up wo pans

35

d ha two ad an yt Blac gl d awn win y forc cau hi ing c b raidly moilzd to hl out 60  d3 61 R+ Now Blac ing i iratd; if th Roo rm on th -l, howvr, th awn romot y itf 6  Ke5 62 K Kd4! 63 g4 Kc3 64 Ke4 Re + 65 Kf5 Kf5 d2 d 2 66 Rxd2 d2 67 g5 Kd3! Blac Roo td wll nough d it i ag ti for ng wor Sic aiv dfn dfn i hol, hol , t i n n intrting intrting  an  an rath rathro roug ugh h coming coming in th nd nd only a tmo tmo hor hort t 68 c5 dxc5 69 d6 Re 70 d7 Ra8 ie resigns h lily nd would hav n 7 6 c4 72 7 c3 73 d8  Q Kxd8 c2 75 75 g6 c l  Q 76 g7 Qg5 Rd8 74 Kxd8 h nxt thr xl  mor noal,  th n that r xit matrial quit.  ach ca th dciiv factor i th acv g A at atgically gically clr clr ituat ituation ion xt xt i i . Poi - S  Fu Fu  95 8 USS US S R hm hmion ionhi hi, , r r Blac Blac 38th 3 8th mov

hit obviouly ha th activ Roo, yt Blac c rotct al of hi w w  ot again againtt atta attac c om that that oc o c.. hu, hit Roo nd n d hl om it Kg Kg Poin achiv thi thi ff ffctvly wth wth 39 e4!! Voluntarily lowg Blac to xchg off hi iolatd d-Pawn Poi h coctly n that  i hugly comnatd for y

36

what it gt i r a dont, cnally activ ng d a  ad d-Pawn 39    dxe4+ 40 Kxe4 Ke7 41 Ra8 Ke6 42 d5+! Utilig al o t ngth 42    Kd6 43 Re8! Re8! Rc7 Rc7 44 Re6 Re6+ + Kd7 Kd7 45 Rc6! Back Back resi resign gnss Th activ ng om th Roo d Pa ndgm gt  d into th g activ ing in th ing d Pawn ndg ar ar 45  .    c6 46 dxc6+ dxc6+ xc6 xc6 47 47   Alo Alo hol i th th  aiv  aiv 4 5 . .    R7 R7  with hit hav havg g  dligh dlightl tl choic choic tw twn n 46 Rx6 Rx6 d 46  . t alo ha a ignict atgic advantag i th olowg  oition,  oition, A Al Alhi hi  - M. Euw Euw 93  93 5 orld orld hm hmi ion on   Match, Match, G 2 7, ar Blac Blac 3  t mov it, it, o cour, cour, c radily aon a ad a on th Qunid whr it wil not  o ay ay or or B l ac to achiv achiv th  on on th igid igid  Mor imoantly, t ng c gt to th Qunid d ait hi  awn(  awn() i qui quig g Th g conti contiu ud d

32 a4? Ahn quri thi cau Bac Roo now gt acc to  3 d  d hit ing i a mov d in variou rac to th Qunid onit oni tn ntt nd nd dciiv dciiv wa th immdiat immdiat 3 2 2 ! . I Blac dnd aivly, it win a in th gam, nd ar

37

32  R2 33 d3 Rg2 34 4  g ai  Q id awn for a ain  (Ahin) 32    Rb3? Th o of   Ba fa omhg whih aordg o Alh Alhin in wou woud dn n hav hav n n    r r h o o  3 2    5  5 Of our 32  R2? woud hav n no r   h rvo no. 33 bS gS 34 Ke2! eS 35 Kd2 f6 36 Kc2 Rb4 37 KcJ Rd4 38 R6 Ba ha rvnd hi om ahvig onnd   a u on d aw aw uod uod y h ng  ao  viorou 38    Kg6 39 Rxb6 Rx4 40 R6 Rd4 41 b6 Bck egn Ar 4  Rd 42 Ra2 Rd8 43 4 hi g ai  h  romoon  romoon of o f h h -aw wh wh Ba B a g rman rman oohl

 a qu oo a J R aaa   S Towr Nw or 924 ar Ba 34h mov i may no  oviou ha  i r

For i if ang i i Ba who h h mor av Roo Ro o..  aa i fa d for for hi oio oion n ond a a   ng avi mu ad o a  h g had for f6 om whr i wi hran Ba wih a ma d o  i a oion o ai in h advan of h Kgid a() 35 Kg3! Rxc3 36 Kh4 R

3

Black decdes t at least elmate te pssblty f Whte hang cnected passed paws. Other cntutns e  satsfact (l) 6 . R 7 K5 Kg8 8 Rd7; () 6  ..  7 g6 b5 8 b5 a 9 Kg5  0 Kf6.  bth cases, Wtes acte Kg s the g g factr 37  Rxf4 38 K5 Re4

A frced mate ccurs aer 8  Rxd?! 9 Kf6 Kg8 0 Rd7. 39 Kf K8 40 R7 Kh8 4 Rxc7 Re 4 Kx!

he sacrced materal h been reganed wth Whte stll hang the acte Kg d nw als als he acte acte Rk. Whte's  s sred e.g.  .. a6  Ra7 b5   , d Whte wll capte Blacks aPawn d en prmte hs wn. 4  Re4 43 Kf! Rf4 44 Ke5 R4 45 7 K8  5 .. Rxg7 6 xg7 Kxg7 7 Kxd d Whte's acte Kg

decdes e g d Paw edge. 4 Rxa7 R 47 Kxd5 Rc 48 Kd Rc 49 d5 Rcl 50 Rc7 Rat 5  Kc Rxa4 5 d Back Back es es ns ns

SC 4. Queen Endges e Queen s sch a pwerl pece that f necessty e Kngs rle s less th at n ther endges. eerheless eerheless the acte acte Kg s sl f cnsderable ale d pwer. It s cmpletely wrng t feel  sce e Qe s s pwerl e g may s well rema placdy at hme A gd praccal llsatn f the need always t cnsder te ptental seess f e ace g s shwn  e play rsg m the psn n e next page K reybl  A. Alekhe, Psty 9, aer Blacks 9 me ekhe had sted a cmban n Me  wh the key psn restg er tes next me

3

40 g6+! n th gam t nxlcaly layd 40 Q3 and rgnd ar ar 40    g6  th th chc chc  wll wll oon oon  ovr (4 Q6 Q6  h5 42 Q2 h4 tc)h txt  th man l that Alhn had cond rd whn rg to lay h 33rd mov 40  Kxg6!! Playg for th actv Kg  a Q d P ndg    n fac factt th only way to . Ovouly ad adqu quat at  40  . . g8 ca cau u of 4 gxh7 tc Howvr th ovou matrtc 40 . hxg6 ao oy draw cau Wht can forc rt rtual ual chc. chc . Alhn  rovd  rovd th folowng ln 4 Q3 Q 3 f6 f6 42 Q Q  7 43 Qa3 Qa3  8 44 Qa4! d8 45 Qa8 7 46 Qa3  47 Q3 tc. 4 Qx Qxb2+ 42 K Qc3+ 43 Kg2 Qd2+ 44 Kg3 Qe3+ 45 Kg2 Qe4+ 45 Kg3 QeS+ 47 Kg2 KhS! h actv Kg! Sc thr  no atfactory way to rotct th h-Pawn, t mut tat t xchg. 48 Q+ Kxh4 49 Qh3+ KgS 50 Qxh7 Qe2+ 51 Kg3 Qg4+ 52 Kh2 Qh4+ Back ns Ar th xchang of Qun th actv oton of Blac ng ad to  aly won ng d Pawn ndg

A mor adtona tartng oton for Kg actvty  that on th folowg ag Y. Avra rah A Sut Sutn n,,  954 95 4 USSR US SR ham ham on on h ar Blac 4t mov.

40

Wht  a pawn ad, ut no drct mthod xt for ralzg th advantag advantag Morovr Black Black rmanng pawn m to  qut cur  thr prnt locaton lly Wt c not hop hop  to achv anyth anythn ng g y utlzaton utlzaton of only only th Qun Qun d pawn h wnng ngrdnt  t Kng a follow: 42 g4! Frng th th  g3/h g3 /h44 rout rout a a a outlt for for th Kng 42 .. Qd2 43 Kg3 Qc3+ 44 K4 Qd4 45 Q+ g6 Wakng Wakng th Kng Kng poton. po ton. qually qually unp unpata atal l howvr,    th r r at at 4 5  .  Kg8 a Wht Wht Kng Kng roll for forwa ward rd y 46 Kh5 . 46 Q+ 6 47 Qf6 K7 h thra thratt wa 48 Qh8mat Qh8mat Now Wht Wht  Kg t h dcv mch 48 Kg5! Qd2+ 49 f4 f4 exf4 exf4 50 Q+ 8 5 K6! Back resigns resigns Mat Mat ct  prvn prvntd td f 5  .  £+ thn thn 52 g5 g 5  th th nd

h actv Kg prov tlf qut a valual through t ph of o f th Qun ad ad Pawn ndgam ndgam nung nung om om V Kutov - . oln, oln, USSR US SR  978 97 8 ar ar Black Black 46th 46th mov. mov. houg hough h mat matr r   vn Black m to  for choc cau h Qund pan majorty majorty wll wll radly gnrat a pad pawn pawn . On th othr hand, for t to achv th  on th ngd m a much lowr

4

 roc  roc Yt it it dmon dmona at t that that cau of th advt advtg gou ouy y

 roc  roc Yt it it dmon dmona at t that that cau of th advt advtg gou ouy y activ location of hi King th chc  lly acd:

47 g4! h rt ha i a ing Qun ndg. hit t uhig hi Kngid awn 47 •• b4 48 Kg6! Qe4! Othrwi 49 f6 49 KgS! QdS! SO Kg6! a3? Blac riouly ovau hi roct oct w 50   . Q4 with a lily draw. Sl bxa3 bxa3 52 f6 Qe6 lly unatifactor i 52 . a2 53 Qx7+ Kc6 54  a l  Q 55   Q Q Q l + 56   53 gS a2 54  QeS SS Qg8 al  Q?! Bttr drawing chc wr to  had with 55 .. xf6 56 Qxa2 g5 56  dS A u uati ating ng oition for for Blac Blac  Evn Evn though h h qund had of it th two Qun ct gt at t activ d hltrd King Yt a oon a it gt a cond cond Qun Bl B l ac c  Kng will  in moal dgr h doul Qun ndg i th cond ha. 57   Q Qa6+ 58 f6 Qd3+

2

Aer 58 . exf6 ite ws with 59 Qgg7+ Kc6 60 Qf6+ Qxf6+ 61 Qxf6+ Kb5 62 Qxa6 Kxa6 63 K 59 K Qe6+ 60 Kg7 Qxg8+ 6 1 Qxg8 exf6 exf6 62 gxf6 gxf6 Here sts the thid thid phase phase  Th Thee ther advced passed passed paw paw aided aided by the King eads eads to a forced forced wn wn 62 •• Qd4 63 Q+ Kc6 64 Qe6+ Kb5 65 K Qe4 66 Qe7 Qh4 67 Ke8 Q2 68 Kd7 Q6 69 Qe6 d4 70  Qg7 7 Ke8 Q8+ 72   Q Back resigns An instructive Q d N endge is shown i the play asing om the folowig position M Matulovc  U dersson, Belgrade 1 977 97 7  aer Black's 54t 5 4th h move. move. Te, te is i s up a Queesde Queesde paw paw yet it is quite dicut to fhion a psed pa thee,  i general, general, Black is not only abl ablee to potect potect everthing, everthing, but even h coterchces For exple, Backs mediate teat is 55 .. Qxe3   ite, noting noting th thee vulne vulnera rabilit bilit of o f my my of Backs Back s Kgside squares, comes up with the wig p actvizaton of his o King

55 K3 Qc6 56 K4! Ql+ 57 Kg5 N7+ 58 K6 Qc6+ There is nothing else, but now te will be up two pawns 59 Kx5 Nf6+ 60 Kg5 N7+ 61 Kh4 and Whie won on Move 73 Blacks immediate checks are at  end eg. 6 . Qh6 62 Kg4 Nf6 63 K Qh1 64 Ke2 Qh2+ 65 Kd3 o 61  Qh1+ 62 Kg4

3

erefore erefore e to pwn pwn vt vtge ge leas to  ey wn. Yet note t t  e cve Kng tht me ts stuaton possble!

S   ed Endges A cross secton of other enges e gve  ths sectio l wth the e bc bc mport pot te ctve ctve g s. s . Conser Cons er st st E Mes  J Feorowez Ne ork Intetionl 9 er Blck Blcks s 4 move e fct fct th Wte s  xchge o s a mor mat� some moves eler Wte h sacrce t hopg (epectng (epectng to rve t such  poston pos ton.. The conecte conecte psse ps me ht Whte h a theoetc n he y to wn s to mke ll use of e cve Kg

1 ! K8 4 1    Kc s so met met by 42 Kb5 !  Blc Blck kss K n R e e n n hve me for for Rook actv actvty ty wth wth 4 1 zgzwg. Neer oes Blck hve .. Re  42 6 ws e.g. 42 . Re1 43 Kb5 R1 44 Kb6 followe by 45 a. a. 2 KS! e st step s for Wtes Kng to ceve a ominatng presence Whtes Kg shoul be where t c be of getest hel n e aws vce. vce. Less Less cle woul woul be 42 42 b5 Rc R c 43 b6 Rc5, Rc 5,  Blck i s geg countly.



42  Kb8  2  Kc7  a6,  Back is agan n zgzwg  mus aow he her avce of es Kng 43 Kb6! Re7 44 a6 Rc7 Thee Thee is no hope If  . . . Ra7 5 b5 an an  he he Rook mus mus moe moe whereupon 6 Bb7 wins 45 Bb7! The hea of 6 a7 mae requires he rep which eads o  eemenar K an P endge win 45  Rxb7+ 46 axb7 d5 47 Kc5 Back esns esns

ih os of o f ee bo room, n eng engames ames of Rook and Bishop vs. vs . Rook an Knigh he sie wih he Bishop has he advage because he B i shop c cono more eio eio han he Knigh The posion posi on beow, V Sm Smsov sov - V  Bagrov, vov 1978, aer Backs 6r move, shows ha even n cases wih mnmum maeria, a wn can be fashone ash one  om om a combnaon combnaon of sma sma  adva advanages nages.. ie has has a number of hese: he Bishop, he acve Kng, he emporar inaciv i of B acks ck s Kng. Theefore, Theefore, even hough each each side has o one pawn, hies pracica chces for a win e exceen

A rs Back efens perfec e jus one sip is sucien o cause a oss 64 c4 a4 65 Ra6 Rd8 66 Bd6!

5

King th bind i much mor imoat th wg th a-Pawn a-Pawn at it it ticully ticully wt to r rnt nt  Bla Bl ack' ck' Knight om acri cing cin g itl it lff for  cP c Paawn wn thrby cung a thortcal draw. 66    Re 67 Kd5 N 68 c5 Ne3 69 Kc6 Re4 70 Kd7 Nd5 Nd 5 7 c6 Rc4 72 72 Ke6 Nc3 73 Kd7 Inufcint i 73 Rb6 bcau of 73  . .  74 Bx Nb5 75 Bb2 Na7 73 . Nd5 74 Ba3 K? Bgg back th Kg i atgically logica but tactcaly wrong bcau Wht Kg c now forc Black' ght away om it dfn dfn  bation On Only ly with with 74    Rd4 Rd4  75 Bc5 Bc5 Nb4   76 Bxd4 Bxd4 Nxa6 77 B5 a3 78 Kc8 Nb4 (Bagio) could Back draw. 75 Kd6 Nf6 76 Ra8 Rc3 77 R Rxa3 78 Rxf6 Ke2 79 c7 Rd3 Rd3 80 Kc6 Kc6 Th ac Kg dcid th Rook d Pawn ndg. 80  Rc3 8 Kb7 Kd2 82 Rc6 Back esigns  gt and ohticatd dmonation of th acti Kg i a Rook d Biho Bi ho     Rook d Bho ndg i  gin gin by it it

 A khin hin  R Tic ich  Brlin Brlin  92  Matc Match h G G 4 r r Bla Bl ack 26t 26 th mo Akhi Akhin n ha acricd a awn to i i at th otion in ll ralization that th acti g acti Rook

46

superior Bishop d passed bPa wi give g g chces oy to : 7 3! K  soon bomes ce, Black wi have eat dicues i protecting is c-Pa c-Pa. efore efore Aekhie suggests suggests 27  .   2 8 Kxe4 Bd6 with soe drag cs  ! R  28   . Rfl 29 Kd5 Kd5 ! K 30 Ra Ra7   ! Thee o Th oy pra pract ctic ica a chc chcee w 29 .   Bxb4! Bxb4 ! ? . 3 S  3 1  7 3 R7!  33 S! Treatg the preventabe 34 b6 Obviousy te is enti entitl tled ed to ore ore  3 3 c5? c5 ? Bxc5 Bxc5 !  33   3 4 ! R Aer 34 ... B2 Aee gives e foowig w: 35 c5 Kc8 36 Kc6 cb6 37 Rg7! 3   S R 3   k i i The bPa is unstoppabe 36 ... B 37 b7 R (37 . c6 38 b 8  Q+ 38 Ra8. The acve King becoes even ore ower when oposite cor Bishops e on the bod. bod. One such donsa donsation tion occurs occurs  the ay sing om e folowg posio E Meds  G Kn Bu Buda daes estt 1978 19 78 er White's 79th move

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e peee  pptel Bhp d e meager number  paw eem t e Wte e drawng he; hee would beome muh beer aer the "nal" long 79 . g4? 80 Bxg4   But Bla a ae e advtage advtage o the at atve ve Kng t w by 7  f!  R  1 RS !   Bc3 3 R h h th thee dea 83 .   Rd? 84 Re8+, Re8+ , d a lely lely draw draw Materal Materal  nw even and te ud dawha t the ppter Bhp he d he Ba g away m t dmneerng lat n e3 e3  Yet he  nt, d th at at wl pell h end. O ue 83 Rb le t 83 .. Rd 3  b3  R hen he n playg playg th, I verled verled the lng repne repne Al nu ent  84 Rb8 b2, hwever, e.g. 8 g Bd4 8 Rb3+ Kd2 87 Bg4 Re2+ 88 Bxe2 Kxe2 Kxe2 lwed by 89  .   et. et.  the a ave ve Kng w agan!   B5! 5 B hte Bhp t bth tp the b-Pawn d prevent the dev tatng . +. 8 Rb8 nw a t 8 .. Bb! 5  b   Bc  7 3 3      R Bc7 i i si sins ns Smehg le the utmate n Kg atvy n a mxed endgame whe whe th thee maj majrr pe peee  the the R R u n C de Vler - R  Sha  977 97 7 Suth A Chapnhp, Chapnhp, aer B la 39t 3 9th h mve



We see Whte's Kig actve from the iiti position,  a Roo and opposite oppos iteclo clorr Bsh Bshop op d ally in a Bishop vs. Roo Roo  endge The iital positon is obviously very favorable for White since he has a large space advantage d active pieces, wle the d sques in Blacks postion pos tion re chroncally wek Even so the semibloc semibloc aded nar naree of the position positio n mkes progress dif di fcult cu lt Whtes Whte s winnng plan is based on King power 40 Ke3! Ka7 4 Kf4! Ka8 42 Ba3 Ka7 43 Nh3 Ka8 44 Kg5! R 45 Kf6 Kf6 ! Rh8 46 Ng5 Re8 47 S Rc7 48 R/ R/ b2! Rd7! 49 Nh7 Rh8

Decidg that sacrice of the Exchnge is the best defensive pl. The alteative ive 49    Rc7 lose losess to 50 N  Nb8 Nb8 5 1 Bd6 Bd6  , eg eg 5 1    R 52 Be7 Nc6 53 Ne6 Rxe7 (53 . Nxe7 54 Nc5) 54 Rxc6! (Waler) 50 N Rx 5 Bx Ka7 52 S Ka8 53 Bd6 Ka7 54 f4! Ka8 55 Rxc6!

White White must mus t crea create te new vuln vulnera erable ble ponts po nts  Blacks Blacks posito posi ton n Te sacrice of wo Echages does that ick aer whch the domineer ing Wte ng is decisive 55  bxc6 56 Rb8+ Ka7 57 Re8! Kb7 58 Rxe6

Whites Whites just a bit overeager overeager here here . More accur accurat atee was was rst 5 8 a5   d only aer 58  Ka7, 59 Re6 Aer the tet Black is able to orgaze a bit of a defense 58 . fxe6 59 Kxe6 Kc8 60 aS Rb7 6 Bb4 Kd8 62 Kd6! Rc7 63 S Rc8 64 Bb6+ Ke8 65 Bc7! K 66 Kd7! Re8 67 Bd6 Re6 68 c6 Re8 69 Kb7 Back resigns

ite will win win Blac's Bl ac's a-Paw d then queen queen his his own Wat an awesome exple of King power The last two examples will show the actve King helping its Queen aceve success succes s First consder the posit pos iton on on on the next page Bas  J Plachetk 978 Czechoslovakian Chpionship, aer hites 4 1 st move. move. For the the missing Queen White White has Roo, Bish Bi shop op and o o paws which is ll ll equivalence equivalence  hite' hite'ss main prob problem lem is that that hs h s pieces e not well placed for defensve wor Snce Blac ct

49

hope to wi without the pticipio of his g  y cse his ext move is logicl eough

4



KeS! 42 B+?

is just the delects the Bishop wy om the defese while chsig Blcks Blck s Kig whee it wts wts to go Coect ws to impove impove the defesiv defesivee positio of the Rook wi wih h 42 R5 !  Chces Chces would hve the emi blced 42    Kd4 43 Rd5+ KcJ 44 ReS Qd Q d l + 45 Kg2 f4 f4 ! 46 Rxe4?

Allows  imedite foced wi The oy move ws 46 gxf4! th th the follo ollow wg g cotitio 46 46    Qg4+ 4 7 Kfl Qxf4 Qxf4 4 Re7 Qf6 Qf6 49 Re4 Re4 (Equiv (Equivale alet t is 49 R7 e 50 Ra+ Kxb4 Kxb4 5 1 e e ) 49 49    Qx 50 Re Re +  Kb4 Kb4 5 1 Kg2 Qf4 Qf4 52 Rh Qg4+ Qg4+ 5 Rg Qxh Qxh44 54 Re Kxc4 55 Rh d ccodig to Avebkh ite hs obtied  theoeticlly w positio 46    + 47 Kh2 Qe2!! 48 ReJ+

Thee is ohig else but ow Blcks ctive Kig will help the fPaw quee Note ht ht Whites White s Bishop Bi shop is oo f f w wy y to to help help 48    Kd2! 49 Kgl QxeJ! 50 fxeJ Kel 5 Bd5 + 52 Kh2  = Q ie resigns

Quite iteestig is the ply isg i J Smejk Smejkll  L Ljubojevic jubojevic Moscow 1 977, 97 7, ae ae Blcks 5 2d 2 d move Hvig two Rooks Rooks fo the the Quee Black eve h a slight mteil dvtge White Whitess pssed pssed

50

fPw is suc  powe oweve,  i will ie dow bo of Blcks Rooks Rook s o o psive psiv e defese. defese. Tis will llow Wies Kg o il ilee io Blck Bl ckss posiio posiio d gi gi  vico. Te iscive couse couse ws ws

3 QS Rd1 4 Q8 S SS 4

A sde oe ccue w e ove ode 55 Qb7! Rdd6 56 Ke4 Rb6 57 Qc7 Rdc6 58 Qd7 (Filip d Blck beig i zugzwg, us lose iediely. SS  Rd7 6 S Rcc7 7 f6 hS  57 .. Rb7 58 Qe8 Kb6 59 Q5  60 Qg6 K7 6 Qgl Kb6 62

Ql Q l  d We ll wi wi i  wy wy siil o o   i e e ge 8 h4 R 9 Q8 6 60 6 Rh7 61 Q8 S

No be bee e is 6  . .  Kc6 62 K Rb7 6 Qg8 d Wes Wes w gi gi  s e 6  Rhd7 63 g6 R7 Pey is e ed  6  Rc6 64 K5 Rxf6 65 Qc8!. 64 QS 6 6 6 6  hS hS Rc7 66 gS 4 67 6 7 Q Q

Peveig y possible . 4 d geig edy o ke dvge of e wekeg wekeg of e b sque. sque . 67  Rc6 68 Q4 R7 69 hS R8 70 h6 Rg8 71  R8 R8

Te ep  coueply by 7 . R is pied wi 72 Qb5 Kc7 7 Qx5+ Qx5+ Kd7 Kd7 74 Ql Ql  7 h7 Bck sigs

Soeig i Blcks posiio will ve o give ely. ely.

5

CP3

The Active King Achieves a Dr f you c w y f he e e e e g  o aw To acheve acheve    ve oe eceay o creae couepay  order o compeae fo ee a maeal dadvage or a pooal poem omeplace ee ee Sce e Kg   he here re power  he edge  foow a  acve Kg c oe ceae eough couechce o a a daw.  ecele g epe  he folowg V Cehkovky  V Ba Bag go ov v Lvov Lvov 1 978 978  aer Back 55 55 h move.

We of coure  a pece do d h ee o fo que ome me me Neveee he had acva acvaed ed h Kg Kg cked c ked Black o o owg he echge of a pa of Rook d ow eplo h Kg poo o foce a daw a folow  ! ! cx 7 !  ! f  c  9 c d d  3 3 Drw Back g  ae o euaze he cPaw al gh u Whe Kg c e peveed om cog Black paw or

52

K Kht ht 60  .  Kc6 Kc6 6 1 Kc4 Kc4 Kb6 Kb6 62 d3 Kb 63 Kc2 Ka4 Ka4 64 Kb2 wth  elemetry daw. Thee s o qesto that hte s better  the follow posto, L Potsc Potsch h  T Peos Peos  1 974 Cdd Cddat ates es Matc Match, h, Ge Ge 12, 1 2, aer aer Blacks  1 st move move te te s p a passed b-Paw

Nevetheless, Black shold be able to hold the draw, becase hs Rook has the deal actve locato so that he c both watch e bPaw d meace e Ksde paws whle also the reat of lato by hs K shold keep hte's K hoest. Play coted:  bS h4! 3 h4 6 4 b6 ! SS 4

Obvosly e oly oly w w     the K K es to to help help the bPaws advce ss    R! The Th e st acc accra racy cy The Ro Rook ok stood well we ll eoh; eoh; t was the the  tha that e eed eded ed act actva vato to ths ths -  .   K4 K4  6 R8 Kh4 Kh4 7  7 Kc Kc Rc2 8 Kd6 Rd2 9 Kc7 Rc2 60 Kb8 R 61 b7 Rb2 62 Kc7  63 b8  Q b8 b8 64 Rb Rb88 f4 6  Kd6 Kd6  66 Ke  67 R K3 68 Ke4 K2, d t s hte who eeds to force the draw wth eer 69 Ke3 o 69 R8 6 R8! Rb 7 cS Rc 8 4 Rb 9 RS 4!!

53

Only Only so so  the Kig Kig must must be kept kept active. active. s poted out by verbh this is the oy way to draw O couse this is nowhee as smple to see as w the coect way back on ove 55 ven so the passive 59 .. Ke6? seems iherently hopeless d in the the game game Black lost quick quicky y 60 Kc5 Rc2+ 6  Kb5 Kd6 62 Ka6! Ka6 ! Kc6 63 Ra Rc4 64 b7 Rb4 Rb4 65 R R  + Kd7 66 Rc8 Bla Bl ack esig esigs. s. Note how the active Kig was victorious ove the passive one. 60 R4! 3!!

To enable Black to reach the stalemate draw at the end ite's h-Pawn must be allowed to live 61 c5  6 Rb4! Rb4! 63 b4 f4 64 b7  65 b8 Drw



Q 

The fPawn on the 7 with the King to protect t is a theoretical draw draw  The blockaded hPawns do not aect this this consi considerat deratiion on  Some virtuoso King activity alows ite to hold the ollowig ineri inerior or Queen Queen d Pawn Pawn endge endge P. Kees -  Tov Tov Zuric Zurich h Cdidat Cdidates es Toame Toament nt  9 5 3  ae ae Black Black's 's 3  st move

 eect Back is up the passed e-Pa sice s two Queenside pawns pawns easily easily hold te's three pans there. there. Note how ite's Kng rst holds up any ivasion by Black's Queen d then itsel goes on  attack to secure a perpetu check draw 3 d!

Cenaliation

54

3  4 33 Q Q A  .. Q6? 4 Q gx  !  6 g4 g6 7 4  atv ng aay ms a sght us o Wh. 34  Q 3 3! Q3  Wh th thr rat atn n  6 Q2   .  . g6 s  s o no h baus o 6 Q2  7 Q8+ 36 f4  37 ! Drw Th s no asonab way to vnt tua hk .g. 7 .  8 Q£+ t

Fo a aa monsaton o how to ght bak  a hoss a  ng ng oson oson wa wah h th ay ay om om B  Amos Amos   Ms Ms w Yok n nat atona ona  976 97 6 a Wh's 49h mov.

Bak s a a own  h ss th no omnsaon o that Moov hs hPawn s ve wak  at th vy ast h w hav o aow Wh a mnous ass hPawn hPawn . Howv 49  ! v say   a  a a  0 B£? B£?    1 Bxh? Bx h? 4 4 Bak Bak obtans obtans xnt hs hs o o at as a aw aw . Tho Tho Wt Wt mus mus mobz  hPawn mmay  s aows Bak o xhg o hs hPawn ah th os  ought.  4 hx4 hx4 1 1 Nx4 Nx4 7! 7!  h c 3 h6 ! 4 h7 7  Nh6

55

Black s on the vege of sct coterplay so that Wte's "sghtfow" attempt to  a pece by queenng hs h-Pawn wll be t. It was was pea peatv tvee to to keep out Black' Bla ck'ss King wth 5 5 Ke ! Bb l 5 6 a a !  Whte Whte th then en shou shou sa saegu egu s ePa ePa  w 57 B5 move s g to a sae squre  then pocee wth Nh6  N£ to w Blacks B  shop. As alway always s ce s requre requre but e utate wn s thee! Aer the over-eager text Black obtans su cent efensve resoces to eke out a spsng raw   !  N  7 N6 A very very unplet unplet chge chge of plans pla ns for for te. te . There  s less le ss th no te for the tene 57 h8  ? Bxh8 58 Nxh8 because aer 58 .. Bxa2  59 .. Bxb Blacks a-Pawn s worth more th Whte's out-of-the-ge out-of-the-ge ght Beer  57 h8  ? s 57 a4? as aer the capte of both pawns Black's g wll be place less favorably on a4 a4 th on on b (or b4  n e abo above ve note Even so Black hs at at least equal chces 7    8 N7 N7   ! Obvously Black s not gog to exchge ueense pas wth 5 8 .  . Bxb Bx b?? ??.. If we compe compe the the post poston on aer the text move move wth wth that ust a few moves eler t s cle that Black has mae gt ses tows th thee aw. aw. He has ae hs "use " useles less" s" Paw  Pawn n for for Whte's vauable a-Pawn Whte's b-Pawn s now wek  Black's g has  excellent actve locaton hoverg over t  subsequent alyss alyss mos an I were not able to  y  for Whte. Whte's next moves e qute logca he protects hs -Pawn wth e Bshop  then moves hs Kg over to gur e bPaw    6 3 ! Black's lght sque bshop heas back to sst hs Bg7  copng wth e h-Pawn 61 3  6  8! 63 N8 8 Black's efensve pl s to leave hs Kng  Be8 where they e  tempo back  fort forth h wth wth hs Bh8. Bh 8. He oesn oesn't't ha have ve to worry worry about the opposte-color Bshop enge aer 64 N£ Bx£ 65 Bx£ s Black's Kg wll always be able to get back to the gse gs e to prevent prevent peneaon by Whte' Whte'ss Kg Kg Black Black c also

56

hld th ty f sitcl Bish ndgs which sult a a Ng6 by hit  a th xchg . Bxg6 g6 Blacs Kng nd maining Bish  abl t blcad hits g-awn nd h-awn 6  S 6 N!

Tid ut a th lng nn-st  (th was n adj unt at v v 4 0) hit hit blds  blds lwing l wing  immdi immdiat at daw. daw. Evn s th is n m win. A m nting n f th tw tw sit-cl Bish ndgs discussd abv hits nly h  is t qun his ha ha sta stating ting with 6 6 Bg6 B g6 This allws Blac t g a hits -awn hwv d achiv  daw  fllws 6 . Bg7 66 N£ Bc6 67 h   Bh 6 Nxh Bx4+ 69 Kb2 Kb2 Bd3   d Blac Blac  with with 70  .    3 2 wil win bac his ic d hav cmlt qualit 6 o   c6 66 3 Dw

A 66 .  . Bb+ 67 Kc2 Bc6 ni sid has anything btt thn thn t  at at h h sitin wi 6 Kd3 Kd 3  Bb Bb   tc.

57

C T E R 4

King Ac A c tivi o r the De Deene

ince the Kin is powel d mobile in the endame, sendin it on a defensive defensive assinment is a loical loical th to do ch se s e of the Ki Ki in i to hold an inf i nfeio eio positi posi tion on fo fo a daw daw is of couse, ouine and does not eqie y y belaboin of the point. point. A typic exple is the followin I Csom Csom  A. Gos Goszp zpete ete, , Bdape Bdapest st 1 98 98 ae ae Whies 34th move.

White does have the ee and moe activ activee position; the only poen poen tialy vneable point in Blacs position howeve is the d-Pawn. Theefoe Blac shes his Kin ove to safed it 34    K7 35 Ne Kf6 36 N h6 37 KeJ Re7 38 Rd6 Rc7 39 R/ld4 K 4 Kd3 Ke8 41 Kc3 Rh7 Drw

The daw daw ae aeemen ementt is quite ustied sti ed With Blacs Blac s dPawn dPawn safe safe,, ite has no meaninl atacin pospects

58

Of geate teaching impce is the utilizan f the active Kng f defensive pupses in de t hep bing aut  umate vict. F instance, cnside the situan f I. Csm - L . Bcza Bczay y Budapest Budapest  97 97   ae ae Blacks 3 0th mve. u ue, e, ite i s ahead ahead a pased pased aPawn But hw t d smething smething with it? Back's Back' s Rks have a ttal gip n the ale d Wtes Rks must emain n the secnd secnd k t gud gud the aPa aPawn wn  Wite cmes cmes up with  insct insctive ive winni winning ng meu meuve ve: : he sends sends his King King t b l  with the a-Pawn sucienty ptected, Wtes pieces can then becme cdinated f f atta attack ckng ng pup pupse sess he game cntinu cntinued ed

31 K! f6 3 4 K 33 K! R 34 K! R 3 N S 36 N  37 Kc! 4 3 N S 3 K! R 4 Rc

Black thea heate ten ned 40    Rbxb Rbxb33  ! (4  b3?? RaJ Ra J mate. mate. Back Back shuld nw t t etan the stat status us qu with 40    Ra Ra  The cming cming pening f the ge wks ut in Wte's fav. 4  6! 41 R! R 4 x6 R6 43 RS R 44 N3 K7 4 4 R 46 Kc! With its nctin n b  cmpleted, the King selects a use cea

lcatin 46  K7 47 K! R 4 S! Kc7 4 R R SO RJ Kc6 SI Kc   6

Wites exa passed a-Pawn is a pwe d with a f Wtes pieces haiusly haiusly pace Back has has n satisf satisfact act def defense ense.. By

5

g for complctios Blck hstes the ed good dvice s oexistet, however 2  f4 3 xf4 4 4 b4! cxb4 SS Nxb4 Rxb4 6 R4 R 7 RS Rb6  R6 Kxd6 9 cS c6 c6 60 cxb6 xb6 61 R2 K7 62 3 ck rei

Blck hd seed 62  Re but resied without resumg pl. Aer 63 d4 folowed b  etc, hite's w s elemet hte hs scrced  pw to rrve t V. Tukmk mkov - B Gul Gulko ko,, 977 USSR hpioship er hte's 24th move

The immedte ret of course, s 25 R+, d er somethg lke 24 . g6?, hite h excellet chces for geig both of s Rooks cve o the 7th rk er 25 Nc4 Bxc4 26 lxc4 However Blck extiguishes hite's hopes b hvig the g pcipte i the defese of both the dP d the secod rk 2 4 • ! 2 Nc4 xc4 26 R/7xc4

Aer 26 R/lxc4 e Blck tretes to p the forwd Rook with 27  d followed b 2  Nc6 2 6  e! e! 27 2 7 R/1c2 ! 2 2  2 S 29 RS Rb 30 dS

hte ies to brig brig bout bout some complictios Otherwise Otherwise Bl Bl ck exchges  pr of Rooks with 30  R d pushes the P to victor 30 •• exS! ex S! 31 xS NxS 32 RxdS R 33 Rc4 4! 4! 34 3 4 Rh h6 3 R4 R6! 36 R7 Rb3 37 Rh7 3 3 R/xh6 R7!

60

th bo Rook o e dvce of e P  ed. 3  R7! e cee 39  2?? ed to  w fo hte: 40 Rh8+ c7 41 d7+ Kd7 42 Rh7+ foowed by 43 7.   7  i te ee 4  R but eed eed wout wout co coug ug  vew of the foow oow g g v v t to: o: 4  . . . 2 42 4 2 Rc3+ d6 d6 43 h6+ e7 44 Re3+  45 R g7 46 3f6 d6!. Bck hd hd co code det ty y med  med fo fo e poo beow A A  otov - S  Rehevk Rehevky y Zc Zch h Cddte Cddte To Toet et  953 95 3  er er Bck 5 1 t move  e expecto t  popect fo g te' P gve  the upe upeo o chce Yet  coupe of de move by hte g how jut e oppote to be e

 !  Bet Ifeo e both (1 52 . Nxg3? 53 N+ e7 54 Nxg5 d the beo of the Bck ght w reqe e cce of e hPw hPw d (2 52 .  . Nc3? 53 d3  Nb Nb  54 c2 c2 Nxa Nxa33 + 55 55 b2  56 K g3 57 N+ e7 58 Nxg5 (Brote d hte w. 53 x x  Nx N Ag og ce te'  g c p p the Kght. Requed w 54  Nxg3 55 N! Nf+ 56 d3 e5 57 e5+ e5 58 Nd



f 59 Nc3  0 Nxa Nxa !  !   Ke2 Nd2 Nd2 2  Nxc (St (Stlbe lberg rg  wth a draw SS NS N  d3! N3 7 S!

It s pot ot to allow Blacks Kght to ee tsel as aer 57 Kc3? b5 5 c5 Kd5 59 c Kd 0 Kb2 Nc  Nxc bxc 2 b5 Kc7 the th e g d Paw Paw edg edgee  s da da Ae the text move 57 .. Kc5 s met by 5 Nd7 Kb 59 Nxb Kb3 0 Nxa Nxa  Ther Theref efor ore e eshevs eshevsky ky decdes to sacrce sacrce hs h s ght fo two pas but hte's actve Kg easly ces the day 7  NS  cS cS  N S  Nd  1 c! S  fS cS 3  d  c3 S   7  cS!  7 dS! Bck i

62

C TE R S

The King as a Generally Useful Piece The sile mst impat feel hat I wt t imp t the eade is t have he dese as if y secd atue t make sme use f e Ki i he ede. ede. F istce dt just  what ca I d with my Rk ( Bishp,  pa[s] etc. ut equay what c I d wih my K t make it me use i the pay t cme? P f e time eea useess is what is ivlved.  M . Vuk Vukcc - A. Kpv Kpv Bu Buj 97  97 ae ae White Whites 4 1 st mve mve Wht Whtee h the me active psiti d Blacks Ki  the secd ak may  ut t e awkwa awkwadl dly y placed. placed. Yet te te hw hw eily Kv achieves a pefectly sd psi

 The paw mach will a sme space f Back  he Kside ad the K wil mve up ehd its pas t a cmfae d use lcai 41



63

4  h! 43 h3 h! 44 N3 f4! 4 Q

Ae 5 Nd5 Blck g l eqty wt 5 .. g. 4   Qx 4 Nx 3! 3! 4 7 x x3 3   4     

Blck g h ove to the cet ed Wte ght wy d gve Blck tot eqty. 49     x3 1 x3   N3 7 3  N 4  N  Nf Nf4  xf4 xf4 7 N D

If  the bove edg the t g cvt w moty ge  the ext exple exple the eed  moe pecc pecc  Te poo poo  beow be ow oe o e e e Blck Blck 6th 6th move move   B Spky Spky  A pov  Cddte Mtch Ge 6.

Blck  cely bee bece he  c to w te dvced dPw dPw te' te' dwg chce deped o gettg couteply d exchgg pw o tht he c ech  theoe cly dw poto though  pw dow To cheve th h Kg mut do t p p  Coect the theef efoe oe  : 47 !

Helpg to hold bck both Bck ePw d Kg  the ge Whte plyed 7 b d lot  follow  . e  Rd O  Rb3 Kxd6 Kxd6  bx5 bx5 bx bx55 50  d5 5  e3 e3 Rc5 Rc 5 5 2 R3 Ke5 53 Rb3 Rd5 5 Rc3 Rd3 w  wo g d Pw edge  Botv Botv  k) k)    . Ke5 Ke5  Rdl Rdl b 50 Rb Rb  Rc3+ Rc3+ 5   Rd3 52 d7 d 53 Rxb Rd6 5 Ke3 Rd3+ 55 e2 R te

64

ess ess  Aer Aer 5 6 Rb Rb66 Ra Ra  Whe i s defe defenseless nsel ess ans ans e o 57 .   Kf. Kf. 7    R  ! Rx Rx  R3 R R

Ae 9   . Rd Rd 50 b b Rf Rf e mus play play e av avee 5 1 Ke3  o daw daw Los Los  s 5  K3 K 3 ba ba 5 Rb6+ Kd5 d Blaks a av vee K wll le o a wn SO S xS 1 RS R3   R 3 RxS Rx w a eoeal daw, as ven by Bo. Of ourse ourse Bla Bl ak k s sill sill ber, bu he  ol old d w or or lay. Noe e bi bi dieren dierenee beween is oson d a n e e ere e sill  is a-Pawn Some reve  pr ou wi a le saei urpose,  be sn  he play as om H. olf olf - A Alek Alekh h e e lsbad lsbad 1 93, 93 , aer aer We Wess 3  s move. move.

e s down a pawn pawn d as a loked Bsop. Bsop . Neveeless e seems o ave se u  eeve blokade, us o o queson Blaks oenial wn. As Alekie Alekie demonsaes, e e key o   is o bek e blokade, d for is Blaks Kn is o play e majo majo ol  ole e 31



hS! 3 

A 3 5 Alekhe ves he follow w 3 . 5 33 5 B5 3 6 K6 35 3 5 e5 , wi e pass passed ed h-Paw h-Paw  deisive. 3



x 33 xhS !!

65

Ag Ag fo he bockad bockadeb ebek ekg g e sque sque Ae 33    Kxh5 Kxh5  3 K  he he Whe Kg's ace ace  d blockad blockadg g ocao ay ay wel yeld a daw. 34 h 6

If 3 K e Kg wl be chased back wh 3   8 d e ae 35 Kg Back aga plays 35 .. Ke. 34  6! 3 R  36 R6 B i i

e e 3 7    Rxh wl w l chase away he Rook wheeupo wheeupo  3 .  wl do he se o Whes Kg leag Black wh a decse aea d posoal supeoy Ad ow fo a leghe exple of akg good use of he Kg ho houg ugho hou u  edge edge We ew V Bago Bago  Y. Rae Rae Bku Bku SSR) 1977, ae e's 2h oe

Though uch aea sl eas e lack of dec dge o he espece Kgs es ha he poso c be cosdeed  edge es. Geealy speakg speakg Black Black has a heahy ada adaa age ge he has he supeo pa foao geae space d pospece aa aackg ckg chces aog he f-e - e.. Sl whou good Kg ulza o o uch c be ache acheed ed Theefoe Theefoe 4    7 !

W he followg saegc p  d: he Kg wll go o h o whee  wl poec poec boh e Bshop B shop d h-Paw h-Paw Ths Ths wl be

66

followed by placing the Rh8 on  d maneuvering the ght to e5  Bla Bl ack wl then have  excelent excele nt ata atack ckg g foa foati tion on.I.In n the comg play hte defends as wel as possbe for stce now nferor s 5 Kfl ?! 6 6 Ke1 Rh wth a huge edge for Black  h3! h!  Rg Re!

Someth Somethng ng of a cha chang ngee n pls. pls . Black Bla ck es e s to chase chase the Whte g away om ts h3  7 Rcg e8 8 Nf 7 9 h Ng4 30 xg4 hxg4 31 Ne3 g!!

Wh ths d the followng Kng move Black neues Whte's atack aganst the gPawn. 3 g3 h! 33 Rb b 34 4! Re7 3  bx 3 Rb7 R 37 Rx7

Aer 37 Nf5 Ruvaev demonsates he folowng w 37  Rx 38 Rxd7 R 39  Rh3 40 Kg1 Rb8 41 Rg3 Rb1 4 Kg Rhh1! 37  4 38 h  39 1 xh4 40 R Rf

 eor just before time conol whch Whte coud have exploted wth he acve acve 4 1 Rh Rh  Kg5 4 Rh7! Rh 7! wh good good draw drawig ig chces chces Coect Coect w 40 . .  Rb8 Rb8   as subs subseq eque uent ntly ly payed payed n the ge. 41 R7 R 4 R Rb8! 43 Rh

Equaly unsat unsatsf sfacto acto  s s 43 Rxd6 Rb 1  44 h (44 N e3! e3 ! ) 44 44    Kg5 Kg5 !  w wh h the tre treat at 45  . . Rh7. Rh7. 43  g 44 Rx Rb1 4 g g3 ! 46 Rg Rxf Rxf ! 47 Kxfl Bh3   45 N g3 4 • Rb 4 g1 3 47 R g3! 48 fxgJ Rxh 49 h R 0 g1 Re! 1 RxJ Hopel Ho peles esss too too s 5 1 Nf Nf  etc. 1  eJ  R g3 3  f4! Whie eig

67

CHTER 6

Tech ec hn ica ica Kin King g Mo Mo vem vem ent

S

1

Opp sit n

The most mpot sgle cocept of K d P edges s at of "opposo." Take a look at he posto below otg that he Kgs are opposte each other.

For the teccal meag of "opposto" to apply however he Kgs Kgs must must be sepa sepated ted by  odd ber ber of squa squaes: es : 1  3 o 5  A sepao by 2, 4 o 6 squares has o pacular meag  f  " opposo" s coced coced Above we have  exple exple of etical opposto oppos to Ths s the mo commo type The ohe ohe types e horzotal d the farly re diagonal I chess es that ide i aid to hae "oppoition hich i NO o move.  ths posto f

68

it is tes move Black ha the oppoto Coespodgy if ts acks move Whte ha the oppoto I cebod stua

it is tes move Black ha the oppoto Coespodgy if ts acks move Whte ha the oppoto I cebod stua tos it s aways aways fa favorabe vorabe to have the oppos opposio io.. ere his fa factor is the decisve oe i decidg the resut of he ge A) Black  o move (i.e te has the opposo) 1 . Kd8 Kd 8  d7 Kc7 3 Ke7 Ke7 Whie Whie wis ) Whte  o move (ie ack has the oppostio): 1 d7 Kd8  Kd6 eme t is very impoat to kow kow that Kig ad Paw Paw vs. g edges type of posto show above The away come dow to the type utimate resut he s depedet o who is o move The ext two exampes usate the basic methods of achevg e desired desired resut resut whe oe has has the opposito. opposito. The positio positi o beow is a 1 95 9522 edge edge sudy sudy by by J Moravec te to pay ad w

 K h4!

Te best best  Aer Aer 1    Kd7 Kd7  2 Kg3 Ke6 3  K  Kxh5 Kf6 5 g Kg7 6 Kg5  ite h he he oppositio ad is se to acheve our our basic positio wth ack o move  Kg ! !

Ufo Ufou uat ate ey y the the rou routi tiee 2 K K  s met by 2  .  h3 ! ! wh wh a draw draw a) 3 gx3 Kd7 and the ack Kg gets to  wth a book draw

9

b) 3 4 Kd7 4 K3 K6 5  K 6 4 K6 7 5 K7  5 Kh7  6+ K7 1 0 K5 K  Th Th oy oy co co ct ct r rat at)) 1  Kf6 Kf6 K d Back Back has th oppo opposi sio o d d   dr draw  1 2 7+ K 1 3 K6 stamat stamat This Th is t vao vao carly shows that that to hop to w w     d Pa vs Ki ds th sor sd's K must lad i b i ot ot o its i ts paw paw   hJ

A 2    Kd7 3  folowd by 4 3 d 5 Kh4 ivs a  posto sml to that of th ot ar Backs rst mov 3 3

sta stad d 3 4? lows   s s dra draw w dmo dmos sa atd td r r 2 K? K ? h3   3 4 3  K7  Kh K K  hJ Kf Kf    Kh

Not 6 K4? K6 d Black havi th oppositio draws   K 7 K

t h th oppositio d wis 7  Kh  K K7 9 K Kh7 1 Kf Kf Kh Kh 1 1  Kh7 1  K 13 K Kh 1  Kh7 1   

Kp  d th cocpt of opposito aows it to draw om s posio

1 

70

Rotine ply i s hopeess  Kc2? K4 2 K2 K2 (2 e5 ? Kxe5 ! 3 K3 K5! 2  Ke4 3 Kc3 5! 4 K2 K4 n Blck hving the opposition wins.  .. x  c!! Estblishing istt verticl opposition is the ony wy to rw osing is 2 Kc2? Kc4! 3 K2 K4! 4 Ke2 Ke4! etc  . !

Rotin Rot inee i s 2 .  . e4?! 3 K2 wit with h  rw Ae Aer 2   . Kc4 3 Kc2 Kc2  i t i s ite who h the opposition  c rw 3 ... K4 4 K2 Ke4 5 Ke2 3 !!

Reting istant verticl opposion hols he rw. g moves ose. 3 . 4 4 ! 4   Dw

Al other

The best tht Blck c get is the type o position sho in our st exple, where hte will hve the opposition  thereore rw. he concept o opposition is o recrring importance  prctical reltiv tivel ely y simpe illustr illustrt tio ion n is i s om L. Espig  nkiov nkiov,, py. A rel V 976,  Blck's 53r move

Thogh ite is p  psse Pwn it s not possible to exploit ths ctor iectly e.g 54 Kg6 Kg8 55  K 56 K6?? stlemte

71

To win, the pwn must be sed soey for purposes of hevng the opposton 54 !! 

The fy 54  Kg7 s pred by the "ex fy" 55   56 Kf6 et



Q

55 K!

Wte hs the opposton nd therefore wns sne B t prevent peneton by the Whte Kng. 55    Ke7 56 Kg6 Ke8 57 Kf Kf6 Back eig

Aer 57   . Kd7 5 8 K et Wte Wte wns the the dPwn dPwn and and the gme. A whoe seres of opposton opponties ou n the py ars arsg g o o the the posto poston n beow beow L Ro Rou uhe he - S We, We, New Yor Yor  1977, er B's 55th move

B hd sried  pee to get ths poston, n the oet expeton tht, er wnnng t b he w hve the better Kng and Pwn endgame beuse hs Kng hs peneted nto Wtes poston. post on. Note tht the Queensde Queensde pwns pwns re essenty xed; ths the qeston of opposton w detene whether B w be be to wn wn or whether Wte n hod ho d Py went went  56 Kc

O.K but perhps smper s the ine dsovered by Fred Sorensen: 56 Ng3  K K (Equvent s 56  .  K 57 Nf5! g3 58 Kd2! g2 59 Nh4 K 6 Nxg2 Nxg2 Kxg2 Kxg2 6 6  Ke2 Ke2  Wte Wte s the horizon horizont t

72

oppo oppoo o for h hee dra draw  ) 57 5 ! g3 58 Kd ! ! g 59 Nf4 Nf4 g g   Q 60 Nh3+ Kg 6  Ng Ng  Kg Kg l 6 Kel wh Whe aga aga  hav hav g g he he horzo horzo oppoo d d e draw draw.. Whe' 58h 5 8h ad 5 9h move gaed e empo reqed o acheve he oppoo. 5  3 57   5 N3 l keepg he draw  hd ye mkg e job more dfcul. More accuae wa wa 58 5 8 Kb3 Kb3 !  d oly oly ae aerr 58 . .  Kc l  59 Ng3. The Black Kg  oe que her om he Kgde d h gve e uce me o acheve o oppoio hu 59 .. Kd 60 Nh5 Ke 6 Kc K 6 Kd g3 6 Ng3 g3 64 Ke3! I f ow 64    Kg Kg 6 5 Ke Ke ec. c.  d d a aer 64 64  . . Kg4 6 5 Ke Ke ! Wh he e ha dagoa oppoo d c fo h io horzoal or vecal oppoo e.g. 65 . Kf4 66 K! Ke4 67 Ke 5   59 c  ereg aave draw  o e up he d horzoal oppoo om e ale: 59 Kb3 59 Ka ao work) 59  K 60 N N g3 6  Ng3 Ng3 Kg Kg33 6 Ka3 Ka3 ! ! or  ore ee e) ) Two Two pobl pobl e e e:   .) 6 ... .  K 63 Kb Kb Ke Ke  64 Ka ! W Wh he e mu u ay off off h hee ce where he doe have eough meuverg room) 64 . . . Kd Kd  65 Kb Kb  ! Kd Kd 66 Kb Kb Kd3 Kd3 67 Kb3 Kb3 ec ec ) 6 . K 63 Kb3! No 63 Kb? becaue of63 . K! d o 63 Ka Ka? beca becau uee of 63  .  Ke ! ) 63    K 64 Kb ec 59    N Fly h hee log move. move . oec wa he he mehod mehod gve  he oe oe o e 5 6 6h h move move 60 5 ! g3 6  K! K !   • 3 1 Nx3 x3  c Whe  o a he wl o be able o preve Black om gag hee oppo h oppoo o eg e g 6 Kd3 K 63 Kd Kd K K  !  64 Kdl Ke3; Ke 3; 64 Kd3 Kel Ke l )  No beer beer  6 Kb3 K 63 6 3 Kb K ! ad Bla Bl ack w w h ha o havg he d oppoo. However fau faul ly y would be 63 . .  Ke3? becaue of 64 K3! d 63 .. Ke? becaue of 64 K!  boh cae Whe draw Whe alo ha o me for 63 Ka3 becaue

73

63 . Ke3! (dstat opposto) ws: 64 Kb2 Kd3; 64 Kb3 Kd3; 64 K2 Ke2 6   63 b e3 64 a e

Gag the dstat hozotal opposto s the nly way to w Ae the cosstet 64  Kd2? te daws wth 65 Kb2 e g. 65 . Ke3 66 Ka3 , ad t s ow Whte who h the opposto 65 a3 a3 d d  ! 66 b3

 66 Kb2 Kd2, d Blac ws. 66 . c ie resigns If Blac so chooses chooses he c w w  al al thee thee of Whte Whte s paws   excel excel et exple of the powe of the acte Kg whe t obtas the opposto! SC 2 Trilaton The te "Kg tgulato" efes to the Kg mg a "agu l" r od ts locato  oder to ae ag at ts stg pot, but  a posto a moe behd behd ts oppoet The pupose of gulato s to ge the moe to the oppoet d s of sg cce oy  zugzang postos post os Tgulato Tgulato s oly megl megl whe the "tagulatg" Kg has moe maeueg oom th ts coutep The followg exples wll cl ths absact sod g det de to o The geatest eff effect of successl gulato occus  Kg d Paw edgmes.  scte case s show  the followg ollowg compo compost sto o (Fe 1 94 1 ) 

7

Thugh hite is a pawn up Ba's prteted passed -Pawn appes t ensure e draw s it seems t prevent ativity by hite's Kg. Kg . Nevertheess Neverthee ss by sme aura aurate te King mneuvers inudin in uding g tw ga gatins hite  get s pans t the sixth ran. ran. Then Then hite's g wi wi  in in its pawns pawns fr fr a mati matig g at ata a hite pays d wins  fws 1 4 g4  4  3 3 g4 4 4 Kh  f f4!

The imediate furher adve f hite's pans is nw assured. Nte Nt e that m here hite's hite' s King  s ath the the -Pawn.   g6 6 g4 g7 7 ! h6

ite's pawns nw appe sty stye ed d f Ba B a  hweve had t mve again again i this psiti psitin n te's te' s pawns ud ud adve There There fre Whites King ianguates t ahieve this psitin with Ba t mve 8 4! g 9 ! Kh6 1 0 f f4 g7 g7 1 1 g   1 g6 g6 f f6!

Agan B  a seems t have stpped he pawns pawns But ne mre inguain fres fres B B  a a t give up n  n f  f his ey f f sque. squ e. 13 3! g7 14 4! f6 1 f4! g7

Aer Aer  5    Ke Ke i ite te wins wins as fws 1  h Kf Kf 1 7 h7 Kg7 Kg7 1 8 Kf5 Kf5  3 1 9 Ke Ke  2 2 0 h8 = Q Q  Kxh8 Kxh8 2 1 K fwed wed by 22 g7 et. 16 g!  17 6 g8 g8 1 8 f f6 c c 1 9 h7 h7 h8 h8 0  cl = Q  1 g7 7 7   g8 g 8 = Q 6 6 3  3 Qg6 Ma

The ative King wn The useess f King inguatin may nt appear as bvius fr ther endges but en is equay appiab ppiabe e Cnsider st the psiti psitin n n the the next next page page Szi - M Btv Btvi ii i  USSR US SR 1 929 Ba Ba  n mve. mve. hite's psiin is mst preius yet at the mment he is hging n by by a hread I f hite was n mve here hwever Ba B a ud u d me deisive prgress. prgress. Theref Therefr ree Bvini stas t ianguate

7

    Kd2! 2 Bh2 Allowing Allowi ng the n line The ate ateaative was 2 K Kd3 ! 3 h2 Ke4 ow 4 Kg3 Ke3 5 g Ke2 leads to the ge contination, wheea wheeass 4 g3 g 3 leads to a otin otinee loss ae ae 4    f4 5 h2 Kf5 Kf5 ! 6 g 1 g3+ 7 K h 2  Kel! 3 Bgl Ke2! The anglation is sccesslly copleted and Wite on ove st give gond If now 4 Kf4, lacks King penetates the Kingside 4  Kf 5 h2 Kg 4 Bd4 f4+! And now the f-Pawn can advce snce ie's ishop IS no onge gding the h2 se 5 2  6 Kgl + Even siple is 6  g3  Bx h2+ he esgns Ae 8 K2 Kx 9   lack wins with 9  Kg3

Meaningl oppotnities fo iglation ofen exist at hi e ate ateia iall leves also also W Hennebege Hennebege - A iowitsch, iowitsch, Winteh 1 93 1  ae ae Wte Wtess 48th 4 8th ove, shows shows a class classcc case case of the the good g ood Knit vs he bad shop shop   eve evetheless, theless, the position s so block aded ade d that that it it is diclt dic lt to see whee whee lack la ck c pene peneaate To ke ke pogess lack will have to esot to two tinglations

76

The rst tem on Black's agenda s to acheve the dagr poson wh Whte to to move  ote that Black has two access access sques om whch hs Kng c get to d5 Whte has only one square om wch to reach e3 e 3 . Ther Theref efor oree Black h  easy ce of angulaton angulaton 48 •• Kd6! 49 Ke2 Kc6! 50 Ke3 Kd5 51 Ke2 Nd6 52 Ke3 Nb5 53 Bd2 Na3 54 Bl

Forced, as 54 Bel? allows a hopeless Kg d Pawn endge ae ae 54   . Nc2 Nc2 55 Ke2 Nxel Nxe l 5 6 Kxe Kxe  Ke4 57 Ke2   Aer Aer the the text however Whtes Bshop wll soon be stemated 54 ... Nbl Nb l ! ! 55 Bb2 a3 56 Bat Kd6! Kd6! 57 Ke2 Ke2 Kc6! Kc6! 58 5 8 Kd Kd

er 58 Ke3 Kd5 Black's Kg gets to e4 ad then sll farther . If Wte res to angulate mself wth 58 K, Black's Kght s eed and he wns wth 58 . d2 (59 Ke2 Ne4; 59 Kg b3!) Wnnng the Knght s the best ry 58 • Kd5 59 Kc2 Ke4 60 Kbl K 6 Bb2

As Whte s playng wthout the Bshop, Black would wn ely on the ngsde ngs de.. Therefore Therefore the text text s the ony ony chce but Bla Bl ack sll wns by a tempo 6 1 ... .. . axb2 62 62 a4 Kg3 Kg3 63 63 a5 Kh2! 64 a6 g3 65 a7 g2 66 a8  Q gl  Q+ 67 Kxb2 Qg2+! 68 Qxg2+ gl  Q+ 69 Ka3 K 70 Kb4 Kf4 Kf4 71 c4 Ke3 72 d5 exd5+ exd 5+ 73 73 Kd5 Kd 5 f4 f4 74 c4  75 c5  76 76 c6  = Q Whie resigns

77

 the Rk ad Pa edg

el el I. v

V Cheh

 the Rk ad Pa Pa edge edge el el I. vv vv - V Chehv, Chehv, Vladvtk SSR 17 aer Black' 40 mve te h t advtage advtage  the acve Rk d e uperr uperr p p fat. at . Yet Black    jut ale t preve prevett y medate medat e dge. Seeg at at Black preetly h the pum pece cgurat te frm the fllg pl t gve Black the mve Trgula ll d e j

41 R6 RS 42 K

Premature  the medate 42 ?, a Black get gd cuter play aer 42 . Rd 43 Rc Rd3 44 R Ke 45 R e4 4 e4 Rg3. 42    RdS 43 Ke3 Rd3+ 44 Ke2 RdS 4S R6

M M   accm accmplhed plhed - Bla Bl ack   frced frced t deac deactv tvat atee h Rk 4S  Rd7 46 RS R7 47 e3 R6 48  4

Pave defee  al hpele 4 . R 4 f4! Kg4 50 Re g3 g3 5 1 Rg+ Rg + Kh4 52 Rg, Rg, d  d e pae paed d f-Pa f-Pa  ll  ely, ce Black' Kg rema cut ff  e h-le. 49 g4+ hxg4 SO xg4+ K6 51 Ke4

Keepg Keepg the g act actve ve 51  xc3 52 xc3 R1 53 R6+ K 54 KxeS Rh1 SS Rc7+ Ke8 56 K6 Rxh4 57 c4 Back esgns

78

CHPTER 7

Vari ar iou ou  Important rtan t A ctiviti tiviti S

1.

Preventing Threats

There e all ds of potetal teats d there e a lge umber of Kg movemets possble to deal wth them Perhaps e smplest oe s the det defesve move to p y  ovet theat  stve exmple s oered by the play sng om Gottshal  S Tash Tash Nuremberg 1888 aer Whtes 79th move

Even though Bla has oly to pas for the pee he has a sgt advtage beause Whtes Kght s og but a defe sve pee d Ba  reate oeted passed paws on e Quee Queesd sdee wth wth    a5 d    b4. b4. Bla Bl as atv atvel ely y plaed plaed Quee Quee s oth advtage, d to eep wg prospets he doest wt to allow  exhge At the momet, therefore, Whte has a dete dete teat 80 Q  , d f 80 .   Qxb Qxb l , 8 1 Q  wth wth a pep pepet etua uall h he

79

dra dra Theref Therefore the edat edatee 79 . .  a5 a 5 ? s fa faulty ulty because the endg endge e aer aer 80 Q ! Qxa? Qxa? 8  Nx b4 b4 82 Nc2  s at bet onl dran for Blac Black k Tasch asch pes Whte's threat th the defensve 79 . Kg7! 80 Qa3

Not tg o be sohered o deah aer 80 . a5 etc, Whte es hs luck th Queen actvty t ll  out that Black's Kng can evade the checks; Whte's approach hoever, s no orse than thng else 80 . Qx Q xll 81 Qe7 Qe7 Ql+ Ql+!! 82 Ke3 Qel Qel + 83 K K Qxc3+ Qxc3+ 84 Kg2 Kg2 Qd2+ 85 Kh3 Qa5! 86 Q6+ K 87 Qh8+ Ke7 88 Q6+ Ke8! 89 Qh8+ Kd7 90 Q Qd8! 91 Qc5

Nothng sat sats ses es The Black Black Kng escapes escapes to sa safety fety aer aer 9  Qd6 Qd6 Ke8 92 Qc6 Qd7 9 Qa8 Ke7 94 Qh8 Qe8 95 Qf6 Kd7; aer 91 Qx£ Qe7 92 Qxh5 b4 the ee connected passed pans ll uph 91  Q8 92 Q4 Ke8! 93 Qc5 Q7 94 Qa3 4 95 Q 3 96 Qxh5 2 97 Qh8+ Kd7 98 Q l  Q 99 Qx+ Kc6! lOO Qxe6+ K5 hie resigns

Preventon of teat(s b Kng aggressveness s deonsated n the the pla ars arsn ng g n A. Alekh Alekhe e  R  Fne, Ke Keer er 1 97, 9 7, aer aer Bla Bl ack's 1st ove

Black had hoped to get out of  unpleasnt bnd by the use of taccs drected aganst Whte's Kng, d he no theatens both 2

80

.   Nb3+ N b3+ ad 32 .   Rxd5  Alekh Alekh ee hoeve hoever r s he he hed hed o he huer h 32 Kc3!

No 32   . Rxd5? loses a e�· e�·e aer aer 33 Kc4 Kc4   e gh gh ree ree  32    Nd7 Nd7 loses ma maer era all o o 33 3 3 Be7 Be 7 . Theref Therefore ore Blaks resose resose  s forced d lekhe quckly s s ovehemg sace adv age io a  32 . b6 33 axb6 axb6 34 Bxc5! bxc5 35 b6! Nd6 36 Bd7!

Wh he la of 37 Bc6 38 b7 d 39 Ra8 No g o ess hs Black comms sucde 36  Rxd7?! Rxd7 ?! 37 R8+ R8+ Back Back resign resignss

The here s he dec-oe "seaky"ay of reveg a he hea a as sho  e lay arsg rsg  M  Bovk Bovk - D. Brose Brose 1 95 1 World Cham Chamos os  M ach ch Ge 5 aer Whes Whes 30 3 0h h move

A s glce  may seem ha Whe has lle o or abou sce Blacks ford doubled d-Pa seems desed o be los. Moreover Blacks aem o rea a a adve by 30  . . Nxa los We a aro rox xma mae e equ equal al y y aer aer 3 1 Nxd5 Nxd5 3 2 Bxd5 Bxd5 33 Ne7 K£ 34 Nxd5 because Whe eaes 35 Ral 3 5 Nb6 3 5 Nc7 3 5 Rfl    d her heref efor oree s s back back he a a eole eolessl ssly y Hoever Hoever Brosei has a devlshl devlshly y seaky seaky ay of reveg he hrea o hs dPa:



30  8 3 Re? Without e hepl zwischen-check on e7, it s out that Black's da daw is inoa inoate te 3 1 Nxd5? Nxd5 Nxd5 32 Bxd5 Bxd5 33 Rxd5 Rxd5 g6 34 Ne7 Ne3d te must choose between losing s Rook or his Kng Even so the text is so usasf usasfac acto tory. ry. Whte Wht e shoud save save his aaw aaw wth wth 3  a4! a4 ! , retai retaini ning ng fr fr prospects for for  eventua eventua draw draw 3   Na3 32 Nd6 Bc6 33 Ra1 Nc 34 Ra6 d4 The ugy ugy doubled doubled pa pa has ha s deveoped deveoped into into a power If now no w 3 5 Bxc6 Black ns with 35  Nxb4 36 Ra8 a8 37 Bxa8 dxc3. 35 Ncb5 Bg 36 Kg Ng4 37 N There There is no defense defense Black also also has a winnig winnig aac aack k aer 37 Ne4 Nce3 38 38 h3 g5 g5  39 Nxg5 Nxg5 (39 Nxd4 Nxd4 R ! ! 40 Nx Nx Nx Nx mate ! ) 39   R 40  Rx2 4 Nh3 N. 37  d3 38 Rd6 Hopeess too is 38 Nc3 g6 39 Nd6 Nce3 40 Kh3 R 38  R 39 Rd7 Nce3+ Whie resigns resigns

 the previous exples e threats were of the immediate tactica type ype  Equally Equally impot impot is to prevent prevent the longer longer rge sategic sategic ones  insuctive ce ises in the following position E. Gufeld Gavasheishvili USSR 977 aer Blacks 40 move

Though materia is even Whte has a winning advtage because he is going to push s pssed b-an to victory victory.. Blacks only

82

cance s o loosen up We's Kng poson y howng s Kingsde Kingsd e pawns fowad owad d en ope o pe ha e can aceve pepeual pepeual ceck We can w f e sees oug oug and and pevens pevens Blacks Blacks plan. plan . oweve: 41 b5? Boh Bo h ove ovee eag age e and and ca caeless Wng was was 4  Kg Kg     w e e Kng soppg e pawns ong enough o allow e decsve mac of he -Pa 4 1  f4! 42 b6 e3! 43 fxe3 ! 44 Qd5+ e esulg esulg Queem nd Pa Pa endge s unwn unwnaale l e Moe cces wee off offeed eed y 44 Qg5 Q g5  Qx6 45 gx gx  w e e lack lack of symmey  e nees of e songe sde. 44  Kh7! 45 Qx Qxb6 46 Qf4 Qbl 47 e4 Qel 48 h4 Kg7 49 e5 Qc3 50 Qf6+ 7 51 Qe7+ Kg8 52 e6 Qe5+ Draw Black as a elavely easy pepeual ceck

SC 2 Mking Time Jus as  s ue n e mddlegame so also n e endge e King s usel usel as a me-killg me-killg mecsm mec sm.. sually sually e e pospecs fo fomuang a concee plan e ee n e endge an n e mddlegame nd us he oppounes fo mkng me e coe spondgly spondgly fewe Neveeless Neveeless ey do occu d even wold campons do no esae o mak me wen  sus e puposes Enlgenng Enlgenng n s espec s e couse of play fom fom e poson poso n on he nex page A. Alekne  J  R. Capalanc 92 Wold Campons Camponsp p Mac ame 4 4 ae Black's Black's 5  s move A s pon  e mac Alekne needed one moe wn o ecome wold cpon Clely s poson a pa up s sgncanly sgncanly favoae voae  Ye he paccal qeson always  s  ow o o ensure e wn Alekine now played

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52 Rd5!? Alkhn characrs hs approach o h pay ovr h n n movs as follows "h ms us of vry oppouny y rp on of movs o gan m wh h clock, so as o avod a slp jus fo fo h capu capur r of h h l. l .   o ha ha a a movs 52 5 2  5  h uss h h Rook for for hs; a movs 60 6 066  h Kng Kng prforms prforms hs fu funcon nc on.. 52 .  . Rf6 53 Rd4 Ra6 54 Ra4 Kf6 55 K! Ke5 56 Ke3 h5 57 Kd3 Kd5 58 Kc3 Kc5 59 Ra2! Kb5 60 Kb3!? Kc5 61 Kc3 Kb5 62 Kd4! Th dnv wnng plan h Kng hads for h Kngsd o mnac mnac h h  Black pawns pawns n h nsung nsung play Alkhn dos do s no no  nd nd h asolul asoluly y fass fass wns, u u kps h gam n hand, anyw anyway ay..  f now 62 .. K4 h pays 6 Ra ! ,  6 .. K alows h's Kng o g o h Qunsd wh 64 Kc5 62 .. Rd6+ 63 Ke5 Re6+ 64 Kf4 Ka6 65 Kg5! ReS+ 66 Kh6 R 67 f4 Wh coud coud hav pu Back no no ugwang y y rangulang rangulang wh hs Kng  follows 67 Kg7 R 68 Kg8 Rf6 69 K R 70 Kg7 Rf5 7  f4 . 67 ... RS 68 Ra3 Rc7 69 Kg7 Rd 70  gxf5 7 Kh6 f4 72 gxf4 Rd5 73 Kg7 R 74 Ra4 Kb5 75 Re4! Ka6 76 Kh6! Rxa5 77 ReS! Ra 78 Kxh5 Rgl 79 Rg5 Rhl 80 R Kb6 8 Rx Kc6 82 Re7! Bac resgns resgns

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sng the Kng for mng te so that the opponent s put nto

sng the Kng for mng te so that the opponent s put nto zugzwg zugz wg s qute  mportan mportantt endgame endgame sat sategy egy he sophscated movement caled "angulaon was exed n deta n Chapter 6  Peodcally " smple" smp le" Kng moves moves see see equally equally well we ll.. For nstce, ets ets loo loo at S ata ata  R Keene Keene,, Sopj Sopj e Olyp Olypad ad  972 97 2 aer te's 42nd move

houg Blac s a pawn up t s dcult to see how he c me progress snce hs Bshop has lte scope, d 42  R s ped ed by 43 Nd2 !  Yet note tat at hte s acually n zugzwag: the ony Kng move allows . c4; a Kngt move alows  R y Roo move allows  . . R er eref efor oree Bac smply plays plays 42 • Kg! 43 cl ! 44 c4 Kg6!! Zugzwang once more f now 4 Ke3 Ra7 46 Rc2 c4 or 4 R c4  46 Rxc4 Rf4 Rf4 4 7 Kd3 Rx+ Rx +  heref herefor oree hte must allow Blacs Roo to peneate to te 7t ran 45 Ne  46 Nd3 a2 4 c Allows a tac tacca call end Equy Equy hopeess s 4 7 Nxc Bxc 48 Rc Rc Rg2 49 K Rb2. 4 •• c4! 48 Nb4 e2+ 49 K e3+ 50 Kg2 cxb3 Whie resigs Another nstructve zugzwag poston s set up om E Bogolyubov Bogolyubov - A Ae Aeh hne ne astngs astngs  922 92 2 aer hte's hte's 40h move, move, as show on the followng page

5

Blck hs  slight mteri dvtge but to win he must loosen up the te pwn fo fotion tion e does ths by putng the the White pieces  ug by 0  Qe!  5 e pieces ct move 41 3  or 41 ) Ng4   41 Ng4 Nxg4   4 1 3 Ng4 1   . K8 K8!!  h 5 Kh7! 3 3 e e Forced but now e Whte pwn sucture disntegrtes. 3  Nxe  Nxe Qxe 5 6 cx6 6 f6 xf6 7 R Qe! Forcing  esily won g d wn endge 8 Rxe e 9 K ex = Q+ 50 Kx K7 51 K K 5 Ke3 Ke6 53 Ke 5+ Whe resns

SC 3. Gag Te pbc hs sid t for success n endge ply the need is for ccurcy d te sg us mjor ttenon must be given to moves tht gin or sve time  other words gnng te or tempos s it is oen expressed is  mor obective of endgme py s mkes mkes sense  ose posions posio ns where where the steg stegic ic gol gol is ce d sple sple e  g  ueen ueeng g  pss pssed ed pwn or obti obtinn nng g con- ol of  key key sue

6

t is theefoe logical to expt hat he King h a vita ole to pay

t is theefoe logical to expt hat he King h a vita ole to pay n the ght for for te (tempos) (tempos) y such stces ae so ce  to be sef se f-evdent What  shal discuss eefoe eefoe e the moe sophs tcated methods of usng kng acvity to gain time

Both nteestng and impot is the tpe of maneuver employed in the play sg om is posion a 12 endgame study by J. oravec White seems to be  die saits deed sce his Kg ct catch Blacks h-awn while Whites c-awn looks easy to stop. Neveeless Wtes ng can gan a tempo and the daw  follows 1 Kb5! h5

Aer Aer     Kc7 2 Kc4  Wtes King is cose enough to the the hawn hawn 2 Kc6!! Kc8

Otherwise Whites Kg gets to b7 d assists n queeng the ca 2   .  3 b 3   2  + . 3 Kd5!! Draw

n eect Wites Kng has goten to d in net two moves d thee fore is agan close enough to the hawn 3 . h4 4 Ke4 h3  K  6 Kg2 he successful execuon of a silar meuver in a pactical ge occus in the pay isig om the position on the next page A Bisguier  J. jan 7 U.S Chpionshp ae Wtes 47th move A simple count shows that Blacks King ct get to the Queenside n time time to stop stop the the a-awn. a-awn. Sacrcng e e-awn e-awn with with

87

 ely  e3+ also oers no prospects Y there is a way for Black's Kng to accomplish its obectie:

47  Kf6 48 aS Ke5 I f now 49 a6? Kd4! Kd4 ! 5 0 a 7 e3 e3  The There refo fore re te's repl reply y is i s for force ced d d ts loss of tme is ust enough for Black's Kig to complete his oey successlly 49 Ke3 Kd6 50 b4 Kc6 51 b5+ Kc5 52 a6 Kb6 interesting dynamicaly dynamicaly stab stabee position posit ion has resulted resulted te's  interesting tree passed pas oer no wing chces because s Kig c't paticipate as it must stay back to preent the eawns adce. On the oth hd Black also ct  because his Bishop has insucient oensie oensie punch In the pla pl ay to come com e Blac Bl ack k ies i es aious approaches but ite paries them all 53 K B 54 Ke3 Bg2 55 K Bh3 56 Ke2 Ka7 57 K Kb6 58 Ke2 Bg2 59 K B 60 Ke3 Ka7 61 c5 h6 62 Kd4 h5 63 Ke3 B 1 64 e4 Ba4 B a4 65 b6+ b6 + Kxa6 Kxa 6 66 Kf K f4 Kb7 Kb7 67 Kg5 Kg5 Be8 Be8 68 68 Kh4 Kc6 69 Kg5 Kb7 70 Kh4 Kb8? 71 Kg5 B 72 Kh4 Kc8 73 Kg5 Kd7 74 Kh4 Kc6 75 Kg5 Draw

A somewhat sil concept but with a dierent execution occus i e play sig om ths position V Smyslo  V Korchnoi 1952 USSR hpionship aer White's 48th moe

88

Blcks dvced coected pssed ps ell sppoed y the Rook Rook ppe ppe vc v cl le. e. A close ook ook hoeve hoeve shos shos tht tht Blck's Blck's Rook c't help ts ps dvce d stop hte's P. o ex exmple 48 .  . e2 4 Re8 Re8  50 6 6 R 5   R 52 Kx  d hte hte d ds. s . ht Blck old lke lk e to do theefoe theefoe s to to keep hs Rook Roo k he heee t s d stop stop the P P  th the Kg Yet te te ovously ovously the Kg Kg is too f y fo ths Blck Blck hoeve hoeve does hve  tempogg Kg oute 48 • K By tkg y the e8 se fom hte's Rook Blck thetes the edtely-g 4  e2 o eestlsh ccess to e8 hte s foced o sed Blcks Kg exctly hee t ts to go. 49 + Kd 50 8 2 51  Kc Wi signs Blck's Kg stops the P hle Bcks Rook esues the pomoto of hs pssed ps 52 Re6 K 53 6 K 54 h4  55 Kg3 Rf etc A dffeet kd of sophsticted Kg movemet occs  the ply sg  J. j   Chs Chst tse se   8  8 U  S  Chmpo Chmposhp shp e Blck's 2th 2 th move hte hs  sgct dv dv g gee sed o hvg the moe ctve peces the pssed -P d Blcks ek dP At the the momet momet Blck Blck the thet te ess 28 . .  Nd3. Nd3 . A Kg Kg move s hte's est emedy ut hch Kg move

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2 Kc3! Kc3!   more accurate th 28 Kc2 a t pevent ack Rook om gettng to e2 w check n vaton uch a 28 Kc2 N 29 Re8 Re8 30 4 Re2+ 2 •  • ?! Funde Fundenta ntay y weaken weakenng ng the the Knght Knght  tu tu o n e 5  o uee uee   28  Bc7! becaue te pay 29 Kc2 d ha n eec gned a move move nce he ne gven above would now be te t e o o lack becaue he hop  n pi ack be deenve eup wa 28   0 Kg7 olowed by 29  6 29 B K 3 ! Bc7 31 Kc2! K6 32 h K 33 5! Red 3 6 N 35 Re6 Rd7 36 Kb2! K b2! One moe ophcated Kng meuve te make ue at ack neve get     Nd4  ih chc 36 •• R 37 Nxc7 Rc7 3 Bxd6 Rcc 39 Re7+ Re7+ K6  Re6+ K 1 Re7 K6 2 7 Nd 3 Rb7 Bck resis

SC 4 Prepg Action You wt to do omehng but he Kng  ethe n he way o o no help ove t o at you c hen be ready or acton

 0

st I onsider e ase where e King position mkes a desir

st I onsider e ase where e King position mkes a desir abe be p p ip ipos ossi sib be e as as n K Reg Reg -  Benko Benko 1 978 U S  Chp Chpi i onp aer tes 25 move

 sory ook may ead to the onusion that White has some advtage due to e song pressure against the e-awn d the pasive pasi ve paemt of Baks Baks ff-Ro Rook ok.. et note how quiky quiky Bak demons demonsat ates es he ompete o mpete soundnes soundnesss o f s posiion: posiio n: 25  bx5! 26 Rx5 K!

Bak woud ike to avate his f-Rook via  but hat move is not no t feib feibe e beause beause the the eawn is pined pined But Bu t aer aer the th e text text it wi be bo feasibe d good 27 K R! 2 Rx?!

y sghten out Baks pawn formation? Coet is 28 Ra3 wh equiy 2  ex 29 Ke2  30 Re 5 31 Kd2 Rd7+ 32 Kc2 Bb7 33 Re5 h6 3 3 Re7! 35 Rxe7 Kxe7

Bak h a sight advtage beause of hs outside pased pan urate urate defense defense by Wte however aeved aeve d a dr draw aw on ove  1  ovg e King so at it is paed at maximum advtage for he exeuion of a onrete p is shown in he pay ising om he posion posi on on e next next page J ieses iese s ekhi ekhine ne heim heim 1914 er tes 35 move. Though materia is even Baks onneted psed pas oer great promse of suess.

    

But how to mae mae progres progress? s? 3 5    b5 leaves Black's Rook pro pro tected tected d Wte Wte c un untangle hsel hselff with 36 N   A surpris surprising ing King move however, puts  end to al of te's hopes 35 • 7!! ie resigns! Bac B ack k smpy smpy thre threat atens ens to push pu sh the th e bPan to victory victory With Black's Kng on h7 the tactica N (either next move or subse uenty is parried by (aer eg 36 N 36  Rxg5 37 Nxg5+ Kg6!, with Whtes Knight appe d ost A sophsticated example of a Kng move to prepare action is ilus ated in the play arising om is position V Ceshovsy-V Savon Baku (USSR 1977 aer Black's 41st move

92

B laks position is jst plain horile horile His Hi s Kg Kg is in in some d

B laks position is jst plain horile horile His Hi s Kg Kg is in in some dger, dger, the the h7Kn h7 Knght ght a si sitly tly def defense ense piee, piee , Pa P an ek - d ite itess d-Pan d-Pa n an ovios ovios qeening qeening theat theat n the the ge g e White White played played e e medi mediaate 42 Ng3? Ng3 ?  , d aer 42 42  .  e2  e2 43 Nxe2 Qel  44 2 2 Qxe2 Blak had onsideraly lightened his defensive load d aer some  inaaes y ite maged to sqeeze ot a 60 move da da   he follo ol long ng sophistiated King King move move old ol d have le le  Blak in a ompletely helpless sitation 42 2!! ith a on position for ite White removes hs Kng om the rst rk ths oviating any heks hek s d pns p ns.. te te no no is read ready y to proeed i i 4 3 Ng3 d the Knight stds very ell here for oth oensve d defense ppose pposes s Blak's Blak's est est  is 42  . . Ne2  , ay, ay, ae aerr hih White White ativate ativatess his Qeen Qeen ith ith 43 Qe6   leaving leaving Blak Blak defenseless. defenseless. For inste, 43  Qel 44 Ng3 Qgl 45 K3 Nf4 46 Bxf4 gxf4 47 Nf5   nd White mates rst rst  Aer he game Savon ventred the opnio opnion n that that sine ae aerr 42 Kh2   his his prospets old have have een een so le he might ell have resigned mmediately

SC   Weavng Mating Nets As  have said my times previosly one of the hateristi featres of endgames is that the Kings n feel rather safe. Padoxially, ths mes that one King an partipate most effe tively in ying to help ing don its nlky onterp Sometimes he Kng needs jst a it of effor to aomplish its oj oj e tive A good exple exple of o f this ors ors in the the play sing om om E E M  Jaks Jakson on - F . J. J . Msh Mshal alll ondo ondon n  99 ae aer Whi White te's 's 2 th th move move diagram on e next page n previos play Blak had saried o pans to to he Wtes Wtes Kng to he edge of the oad oad . o omplete the jo he stil needs additional help, d this is here his on King omes m :

93

28   • Kg7! 29 Bf4? Mees a strikin striking g reaio reaion. n. A beer y was 2 9 K5 K 5 ough lack should should sil sil win win aer 29    f 30 Kg Kg fxg3 fxg3 3 1 g3 Re6  32 h Rg6 33 g5 Rxc2 (Marshall). 2 9  Kg6! ! 30 BgS The frighl reats of 30 .. e7 nd 30  Rxf need paing bu now comes a eal Msha bombshell 30  Rf4+! Rf4+!!! Whie esign esignss is choice choice is betwee between n 3 1 gf gf  mae mae d 3 1 xf xf e7 e7  32 32 g5 xg5 mae More work by a King succeeds in g te ables in e play aising om he position below, I. ondarevsky  A Usev sev eningrad 1936 lack on move

94

Bck i o pw p d 

e dge

Ye oe how

Bck i o pw p d  o pp ppe e dger. dge r. Ye oe how ckly eg chge 1   Aer  obio obio repoe ie h  orced wi Coec i    Rc Rc3 !   R  3 !! Nx  !! ck i Ne come 5 R me A coiderby oger cce g ek endig  me rel om e oow oowg g poiio poiio L. Schei Scheider der - J Nogue Nogue J Jl l (Rig (R ig   978 978  er er Wie 3 5  moe

Depie meri euliy Blck h  iic dge de o e ped bPw d e perioriy o hi Kgh oer We B ihop ihop  Y e deciie cor cor will  o o be Bck' p p ce Kig: 3   R7! 3 f  37 Rc!   The Rook ju   w beer beer o  o ce ceize ize he Kg wi wi 3 7 K  we me. 37  ! 3 R ! 39 c Rc7!   Rc! 1 BS R   ! The  o he deciie mch 3  !  ! x  Rx7   RS N3 Whi i

 5   5

He is def defensel enseless ess aga agans nstt the the comin coming g 47    Ra Ra  , eg e g 47 h4 Ral 48 Kh2 Rxel 49 e6 Ng4 50 Kh3 Rhl mate. e dect attempt at mate does not lways lead to that concsion Sch a teat, however is very oen sccess n achevng a specic speci c objective objective some some pace pace else In the the follow following ing two examples examples,, the ability to see matng opportnities is of decsive inence in the gmes gme s reslt In the rst exmple Blac Bl ac  spies spies sch n opport opportnity nity and this alows him to consolidate his materal advantage sccess lly; in the second case hite's nablity to notice a smil oppo nity allows his opponent to escape with a draw he rst position s J  Timm Timmn n  . jbojev jbojevic, ic, ms mste terd rdam am (IBM) (I BM) 1978 aer hites 40th move

Thogh a pawn down, hite had conted on the imminent capte of Blac's dPawm to gve him sfcient conterchances for a draw et Blac has foreseen that he cn stop all of hites hopes with the srpsg 40 . Ke!!

The obvos 41 Rxd7 leaves hte's King helpless after 4 . Ke6   The th threat i s 42    B l  nd nd eg 4 2 Rdl Rdl leads to to 42    Bxb4 43 Bc4 Kf6 nd there is nothing to be done abot the teat of 44    g5 g 5 mate mate  Theref Therefor oree hites King King mst now go t tog ogh h some contoons to save itsel

 6

 eS ReJ+ 2  Re+ 3   Back h cdted  pt ad, aer wg the bPaw w w  be up   ud paw paw The ther ther pa pa  rute.  Bc  5 R3 Bb  a5 Rc 7 ReJ+ Be5 8 Bb7 Ra  a 5 5 h3 h5 51 Re2 + 52 2  53 R2 RaJ Whe ei

 uuu deplet f frce  depcted n th p G. S Sk k   A e, Bad Lauterberg 1977 aer Back 33rd mve

Thugh te  up tw paw bth f thee are lated ad dubed ereb ereb ctl ctl decrea decrea the value value hte hweve al ha evera ategc plue: a ver g advced ped bPa actve Rk d Back Kng ucmfable ua t  the mdde f  f e bd The wa wa t t wn  t take advatage advatage f the at factr 3 2 th th thee dev devta ta g g thr threa ea 35 3 5 K  d 36 3 6 Rb5 Rb 5 mate. mate. tead  the ge te ruhed thg wh 34 Rc7?, d Black maged t draw a 34 . Rhb8 35 Rxb7 Rxb7 36 Rb4 Ke6 37 Kg2 Kd5 Kd 5 3 8 ?  ? ! (T (The he nwe nweake ake g g 38 3 8 K  l l reta retane ned d wn wng g chace 38 .. Kc5 39 Rb3 f6 40  h5 4 1 Kg3 Kg3 Kc4 42 42 Rc3+ Kd5 43 Rd3+ Kc5 44 Ra3 Ra3 Rb6 Rb6 45 45 Ra7 Kd5  46 Rxg7 Ke5 47 Re7+ K 48 Re2 Rb3+ 49 49  Rb4 Draw Black' Kg ed ut ut t be  afe and acie! acie !

97

3  .    Evg Evg else s worse worse For nst nstn nce ce     Re8 oses to  5 Rb5! Rb5 ! f f  6 Rc Rc Re 7 Rc7! R c7! Rxc7 Rxc7 8  8 bxc bxc77 Rc Rc 9 Rb Rb !  3 S RbS!  ! 36 R R S 37 h h 6 3  R R6 g6 3 9 , , wth  won poson for te te h succeeded n exchgg one of hs we doubed fPwns for Blcs hely fPwn  by reg s ter dvtge d poson bnd c ook od to  fry ey wn

98

CTER 

Corre Correcct/In c o rre rrect Kn Kng g Mo Mo ves ves Yo're in check or for oher reasons st ake a King ove. Bt where to move? Of corse e est way to proceed is to exe  he ateatives cey d then choose he coect one one Yet if tie is sho or e posiion is too copicated for for a denive aysiswhat to do then? The est approach is to rey on soe vaid genera principes ie if in dot pay accordng to the d ost of the tie tie thngs thngs wi  ot e e ive pic picy y ipot ones wi e isated eow 

Don 't be gree greed dy - pecia peciay y when wh en in time time prsure! prsure!

N Gaprindhvii  U Anders Andersson son Dond Dond  978 97 8  Bac B ack's k's 33rd ove shows a position in ateria d nc ace

Whte has an exa pawn on the Qeenside Back on he Kgside The noa wa way to oiize Whtes Qeenside is 3 3  Nc3 forcing orcing 3 .. xc Noting that Back is in serios tie oe Whte ies a icker approach: 34 xbS+? dS??

99

Usuly e Swedish G is ong the most conseave of payes ut hee caug caught ht by complete supise supise he lose losess is cool coo l Did he h e ealy ealy  at hite had e  e the Kght Kght hgng hgng he only only coect coect ecape ecape sategi sategicaly caly d othew othewise ise was 34   . Kb5 ! . hen ae 35 Nc3+ Kc6 36 Kc4 Ne6! 37 g3 Nc7 the position emas equal 3 b6 Ne6

 3 5    Kc6 Kc6 36 b5 b5+ + Kc7 37 b6+ Kc6 38 a7 Kb7 39 39 a6+ a6+ Shoud Shoud it ey be a supise that thee wel mobilized pssed pans quicky bg down a one Kng 36 7 Nc7 37 b Bck resi resign gnss

he ely end woud have been 37  Na8 38 b6 Kc6 39 a6 foowed by 40 b7 

Pevent al unnecsa countelay.

ihachis chishn hn   Js ac acka ka a a 1 978 978  ae acks acks   iha 27 move te h a nice mateial advtage  wel as the posional puses of a passed dawn d well coodated pieces

he ony potential dge is to ites Kg pticuly as a esut of e f f advanced f-awn f-awn Coect theefo theefoe e is: is : 28  !

ut not 28 K Rg7 folowed by doublg Rooks on the g-le wi ecelent ecelent coute coutech chnces nces fo fo lack e e  the tet tet move mov e tes Rook c pticipate  defendg gl d the wi becomes

100

farly routne routne Note that that n ts ts ase the genera generall pnpl pnplee of o f en zng the Kng s replaed by the need to prevent ounterplay 2 8 • Rg4 29 Rd b5 3 d6 Rd8 3 Bb6 Rd7 32 Bc7 b4 33 Nd5 c3 34 bxc3 bxc3 35 Nxc3 Rc4 36 Rd3! R4 37 Nd5 Rc4 38 Rx Ke6 39 Nb6 Rcl+ 4 Kg2 Rg7+ 4 Rg3 Back resgns 3 Watever the choice, avoid positions which must be mathemati caly lost

One of the requrements fo suess n pratal play s to hold nfeor nfeor poston pos tonss for for a dr draw. aw. Inferor Inferor postons postons always always requre hoosg between a number of evls. I s mpeatve to be able ontualy to to selet the mnor ones Pt of he tme ths an be done by a proess of elnat elnaton on Avod ose moves whh must  out badly; of the other(s whatever ll be wll be d there s no use n worryg about t Lets see how ths tpe of tkg an be appled to the poston below E Meds - J Begova, Begova, Sombor  94, 9 4, aer Whtes 34th 34 th move:

Whte s up a passed bPawn, yet the wn s n no way assued beause there are few pawns le and Blak's Bshop par s wel plaed plaed to ope ope wth the b-Pan b-Pa n But st thgs thgs rst Blaks Blaks Kng s n hek hek d must must go to to one of two possble sques Where 34    K

101

Not hee! Though supecially logic (headg towds the cente to be closer to the b-awn etc.) it is bod to be ong sce it alows by force a sme-clor Bishop endge which must be cern dea dea for Black For better or worse 34  . . Kh8 ! had to be pla pl ayed As a followup followup Black puts e d-Bishop d- Bishop on b6 d d then then ies to ee hs King wi ..  g6 d ..  Kg7 As discussed erler Blacks drawing chces rem considerable 35 Ne6+ Ke7 36 Nxd8! le d consistent te s for that endge whee he s sure of the wn nfe nfeior ior is 36 Nxg7? Nx g7? !  since Blac Bl acks ks Bishops Bishop s nd nd ng may well capte the b-a f so so Whites Kingside Kingside pawn adv tage would be insufcient for the wi 36  Kxd8 37 f Kc7 38 K 6 39 Ke3 B 0 Be Bb3  Kd Kb6 2 Bd3 Bac reign The ge was adjoed here d Black resigned without continu g The b-awn bnds bnds Blacks Blac ks Kng to e Queenside Queenside nd Wtes Kng gets to the Kgside via e5 to  e pas there 4.

Ke out ou t th th e ene enemy Ki King ng

Sce e Kg is  endge power power it is logical logical enough to prevent the enemy Kg om peneatng nto ones own territoy

This farly obvious pont should give us sucient guidce  sele select ctn ng g Blacks co coec ectt move n s position position A Niowitsch Niowitsch - M . Tchigor lsbad 1907 aer Wtes 53rd move Whte is for

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choice ecause he has the more active King d is ale to put pressure on Backs isolated dPawn Black now must choose etween 53 . Kc6 and 53 .. Ke6 A 53    Ke6? Ke6? = Wron Wrong! g! his is the game continuation and must e patenty wrong since Whites King peneates on the next move Blacks dPawn d Pawn ecome ecomess immediately ndeensile 54 Kc5  55 h3! fxg4 56 hxg4 d4 5 xd4 Kd6 58  Back resigns B) 53  Kc6! = Righ! Black Blac k c c now hold hol d the game. At the momen momentt this is not not ovious, ut is the only viale pactical approach since 53 . Ke6 must e hopeless 54 h3! Black has ewer prolems ae 54 h4 Kd6 55 h5 Ke6 56 Kc5 5 5 7 g5 hxg5 hxg5 5 8 h6 h6 K   5 9 xg5 xg5 4 4 60 Kd4 Kg6, with with a draw raw . 54  Kd6 55 h4 Kc6! 56 h5 The reak 56 g5 is insucient 56 .. xg5 57 g5 hxg5 58 h5 g4 59 Ke3 Ke3 (Or (Or 59 59 h6 h6 g3 60 Ke3 Ke3 d4 d4 6  K d3 et etc.) c. ) 59   . Kc5  60 h6 h6  d4 6  K d3 62 6 2 h7 g3, d oth oth side sidess will queen queen 56  Kd6 5 g5 fxg5 58 fxg5 Ke6! ! t is possile chigorin didnt notice that Black has ths surprising deense deense Even so, what he played was demonsaly worse, not only om a theoretical stndpoint, ut also om a practcal one 59 g6 Kf6 60 Kxd5 Kg 61 Ke6 Kg8 Keeping the opposition makes good general sense ut Black could aso draw raw here here wih wih 6     K K  n al al possile cases, cases, White White has my ways to staemate Blacks King, ut thats all he can achieve 62 Kf6 K Drawn 5

en in dub be acive!

Oen enough the choice etween having n active or passive King comes do to psycholo psychologica gica actors actors.. Even though there seems to

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e nothing wrong with  ctie cti e Kg moe moe "woudn "wou dntt it e  e ette etterr to ply ply it sf sfe e.. " As  gener gener  principle, the swer is " No No   -e Kg c e very powerl in the endge therefore ctite d use it  excellent illustion occus in the py sing om A. Aekhine - E Con Con Stockh Stockhol olm m 1 9 1 2 er er White Whites s 4 7th 7th moe

Blck hs  slight mteril dvntge  pssed en d  ery ctie ctie Rook Whites Whites ony hope hop e for for svtion re his connected connected psed pns. pns. How shoud B ck rect rect to them 47 . .  Kc6? he "sfe," pssive wy is the losing wy ecuse now Whites King cn cn e ctiv ctivted ted d the the tem tem of King ight,  d cs will e too much for Blck to hdle. As Aekhine pointed out, Blc Blck k could could he he won won wit with h the the ct ctie 47 47 .   Kc4 Kc4   ee.g .g.. 48 c6 R3 R3  49 Ne4 R7 nd Whites pwn(s) hve een stopped 48 Kd3  49 g3!! White does ow the the ue of o f the ctie King By preenting preenting the check on Blcks f4, Whte hs ensured c4 for hs Kng. 49  h5 5 Kc4 h4 51 b5+ Kd7 52 gxh4 453 d5 Rxh4 54 c6+ Kc7 55 Kc5! xh3 56 b6+ Kb8 57 Nb5 Back resigns ote how the chnge in the role of the Kings totly chnged the result of the gme

104

$8.95 The King in the Endgame can open up a whole new dimesion to your chess game. This book eaches through practical lessons and examples how to use the King in the endgameThere are many endgame positions in hich the King must assist his remaining forces in order to win, or avoid defeat. Mikhal Tal a great champion of ghting chess, suggested an active King is equivilent to a minor piece (bishop or knight). In a closly cotested endgame who can affort not to use such a piece? International Grandmaster Edmar Medis is widely recongized as an outstanding author of endgame texts This book reinforces his reputation as a premier chess teacher.

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