The Rebirth of Freedom (1946- 1970)
Submitted by: Ferdinand Ferdinand Zamora V-BSAE V-BSAE Historical Background
The Americans returned in 1945. Fii!inos re"oiced and #uerias $ho %ed to the mountain "oined the iberatin# American Army. &n 'uy 4( 194)( the *hii!!ines re#ained is +reedom and the Fii!ino %a# $a,ed "oyousy aone. The chains $ere broen. A. THE STATE OF LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD
The eary !ost-iberation !eriod $as mared by a ind o+ stru##e o+ mind and s!irit/ !osed by the sudden emanci!ation +rom the enemy( and the $id desire to see !rint. Fii!inos had( by this time( earned to e0!ress themse,es more condenty but !ost-$ar !robems beyond an#ua#e and !rint-ie economic stabiity( the threat o+ ne$ ideas and mortaity 2 had to be #ra!!ed $ith side by side. There $as a !roi+eration o+ ne$s!a!ers ie the F3EE *3ESS( &367 S8( o+ Ser#io &smea Sr.( A6;< 633&3 o+ 'oa=uin 3oces( EVE67 E>S o+ 3amon ;o!e?es and the B8;;ET6 o+ en?i. This ony !ro,ed that there $ere more readers in En#ish than in any ocher ,ernacuars ie Ta#ao#( 6ocano or @ii#aynon. 'ournaists had their day. They indu#ed in more miitant attitude in their re!ortin# $ hich bordered on the ibeous. 7raduay( as normaity $as restored( the tones and themes o+ the $ritin#s turned to the ess !ressin# !robems o+ economic sur,i,a. Some Fii!ino $riters $ho had #one abroad and had $ritten durin# the interims came bac to !ubish their $ors. ot a the boos !ubished durin# the !eriod re%ected the $ar year some $ere com!iations or second editions o+ $hat ha,e been $ritten be+ore. Some o+ the $riters and their $ors o+ the !eriods are: T@E V&6E &F T@E VETE3A 2 a com!iation o+ the best $ors o+ some E08SAFFE men ie Amante Bi#ornia( 3oman de a ru?( 3amon de 'esus and '.F. 3odri#ue?. T>6;67@T 6 T&C<& and *ASS6& and EAT@ &F T@E 8SAFFE by ;eon a. 7uerrero
F&3 F3EE& A E&3A< 2 by S.*. ;o!e? BET3A
A< 2 by V 7on?aes POETR IN ENGLISH DURING THIS PERIOD
For the rst t$enty years( many boos $ere !ubishedDboth in Fii!ino and in En#ish. Amon# the $riters durin# this time $ere: Fred 3ui? astro( ominador 6. 6io( and .B. 3i#or. Some notabe $ors o+ the !eriod incude the +oo$in#: 1. @EA3T &F T@E 6S;AS 194G 2 a coection o+ !oems by anue Viray H. *@6;6**6ES 3&SS SET6& 195IG 2 a coection o+ !rose and !oetry by a0imo 3amos and Forentino Vaeros J. *3&SE A *&ES 195HG 2 by ic 'oa=uin 4. *@6;6**6E >36T67 195JG 2 by T.. A#caoii 5. *@6;6**6E @AVEST 2 by Amador a#uio ). @&36Z&S ;EAST 19)G 2 a coection o+ $ors by the !ro+essors o+ 8E( mosty in En#ish short stories( essays( research !a!ers( !oem and dramaG by Artemio *atacsi and Si,erio Bata?ar The themes o+ most !oems deat $ith the usua o,e o+ nature( and o+ socia and !oitica !robems. Toribia aoKs !oems sho$ed dee! emotiona intensity. . >@& S*& CE & F &8 3A7E 6 @6S S;EE* 2 by V 7on?aes L. S*EAC &T( S*EAC A;S& 2 by onrado V. *edroche 9. &ther !oets $ere Toribia ao and Edith ;. Tiem!o 'ose 7arcia ViaKs @AVE &E( A @E3E $on accaim both here and abroad. NO!ELS AND SHORT STORIES IN ENGLISH
;on#er and on#er !ieces $ere bein# $ritten by $riters o+ the !eriod. Ste,an 'a,eanaKs >6T@&8T SEE67 T@E A> tes o+ the #ri m e0!eriences o+ $ar durin# the 'a!anese &ccu!ation.
6n 194)( the Baran#ay >riterKs *ro"ect $hose aim $as to !ubish $ors in En#ish by Fii!inos $as estabished. 6n 195L( the *E enter o+ the *hii!!ines *oets( essayists( no,eistsG $as inau#urated. 6n the same year( Francisco Arceana !ubished his *E AT@&;&7< &F S@&3T ST&36ES. 6n 19)1( Cerima *ootanKs no,e T@E @A & F T@E EE< $on the Stonehi A$ard +or the Fii!ino no,e in En#ish. 6n 19)L( ;uis V. Teodoro 'r.Ks short story T@E AVE3SA3< $on the *hii!!ines Free *ress short story a$ard in 19)9( his story T@E T3A6; &F *3&FESS&3 36E7& $on second !ri?e in the *aanca emoria A$ards +or ;iterature and in 19I( his short story T@E 6STAT 6T< $on the 73A*@6 short story a$ard. THE NE" FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD
*hii!!ines iterature in Ta#ao# $as re,i,ed durin# this !eriod. ost themes in the $ritin#s deat $ith 'a!anese brutaities( o+ the !o,erty o+ i+e under the 'a!anese #o,ernment and the bra,e #ueria e0!oits. e$s!a!ers and ma#a?ine !ubications $ere reo!ened ie the Buaa( ;i$ay$ay( 6an# 6an# and Sina# Taa. Ta#ao# !oetry ac=uired not ony rhyme but substance and meanin#. Short stories had better characters and e,ents based on +acts and reaities and themes $ere more meanin#+u. o,es became common but $ere sti read by the !eo!e +or recreation. The !eo!eKs o,e +or istenin# to !oetic "ousts increased more than be+ore and !eo!e started to %oc to !aces to hear !oetic debates. any boos $ere !ubished durin# this time( amon# $hich $ere: 1. #a *iin# Catha 194-4LG by Ae"andro Abadia H. An# aiin# Cu$enton# Ta#ao# 1LL)- 194LG by Teodoro A#oncio J. AoKy 6san# Tini# 195HG coection o+ !oems and stories by 7eno,e,a Edro?a atute 4. #a *iin# Sanaysay 195HG by Ae"andro Abadia 5. aiin# Catha n# aa$am!un# *an#unahin# Autor 19)HG by A.7. Abadia and *onciano E.*. *ineda
). *arnason# Ta#ao# 19)4G coection o+ seected !oems by @usen# Sisi$ and Baa#tas( coected by A.7. Abadia . Sinin# at *amamaraan n# *a#-aara n# *anitian 19)5G by 3uno Ae"andro.@e !re!ared this boo +or teachin# in readin# and a!!reciation o+ !oems( dramas( short stories and no,es L. aniiha( #a *iin# Tua 19)1-19)G by 3o#eio 7. an#ahas 9. #a *iin# Ada n# Cadi!an Ca!isanan# Aat n# i$a at *anitiG 19)5 by E+ren Abue# 1I. aata 19)G rst coo!erati,e eMort to !ubish the !oems o+ 1) !oets in *ii!ino 11. *iton# ua 19)LG by ionisio Saa?ar 1H. anunuat: #a *iin# Adan# *ii!ino 19IG by E+ren Abue#. 6n this boo( Abue# !ro,ed that it is !ossibe to ha,e a nationa inte#ration o+ ethnic cuture in our country. 1J. #a Aat ni 3i?a: any boos about 3i?a came out durin# this !eriod. The a$ orderin# the additiona study o+ the i+e o+ 3i?a he!ed a ot in acti,atin# our $riters to $rite boos about 3i?a. PALAN#A A"ARDS
Another ins!iration +or $riters in Fii!ino $as the aunchin# o+ the *aanca emoria A$ards +or iterature headed by aros *aanca Sr. in 195I. 8nti no$( the a$ards are sti bein# #i,en athou#h the man $ho +ounded it has !assed a$ayG. The a$ards $ere #i,en to $riters o+ short stories( !ays and !oetry. The rst a$ardees in its rst year( 195I-51 in the ed o+ the short story $ere the +oo$in#: First *ri?e: C8>ET& 6 AB8T6 by 7eno,e,a Edro?a Second *ri?e: ABA76S A CAAA AT 7A B6T86 by E!idio *. Ca!uon#
$a%a&asano #las'
President Aquino went to great lengths on Wednesday to give context to the slaughter of 44 members of the National Police’s Special Action orce! "ontext of course is important# particularly an understanding of a long history and larger ob$ectives# given that there can be no avoiding one fact% &his was indeed a slaughter# in the sense of the 'epublic’s loss in this one mission having been utterly complete# unrestrained# un(mitigated! )et us await the findings of a specially constituted *board of inquiry+# our "ommander(in("hief said! ,n the meantime he proceeded with the history and ob$ectives that led to the airlifting of more than -.. of the PNP’s finest from )u/on to an unfamiliar and# until then# unheard of swamp of a barangay in war(torn 0aguindanao! irst# PNoy reminded# remember that we are committed to a global war on terror! *1igh(value targets+ 0arwan and 2sman not only had a combined 3( million bounty on their heads# they are mass murderers with the 5NA of al( 6aeda and 7ema8ah ,slamiyah# perhaps in recent months preening for an order from ,S,S! &he 0alaysian 0arwan# in particular# had a warrant for his arrest since 9..9# for orchestrating the :ali :ombings! PNoy as;ed% What ;ind of President would stand in the way of the serving of a warrant# especially given that the fugitive has embarrassingly found safe haven in our own territory# if within a recogni/ed enclave of the 0oro ,slamic )iberation ront <0,)=> As if anybody had argued for that! ,n truth# with regard to the matter of the
greenlighting of 0amasapano# the most important question put to President Aquino was not *Why>+ but *Who>+ As in% Who gave the go(ahead for this fatally flawed mission> 0ore pointedly# PNoy was as;ed% Was it not you> &he President was glib! 1e said that permission was never sought and# fran;ly# was never needed! ,n any case# he said% *,sn’t the question rhetorical>+ 0arwan is a terrorist# there is a warrant for his arrest# and such serving of warrants# and such effecting of arrests# is the $ob of the police! So why should anyone even bother the President with a by(your(leave $ust to do his $ob> 1ere’s one reason% &o cover one’s ass! Which is not always a bad nor inappropriate motive! ,n this case# it is the practical and responsible move! SA was smart enough to ac;nowledge that maybe there is a larger picture to consider! &his was after all a mission that could potentially derail an ongoing peace process! Negotiations with the 0,) had in fact entered a crucial and fragile phase! "ongress# under time pressure# is deliberating the passage of a contentious :angsamoro :asic )aw <::)=# the promulgation of which could set 0indanao on a path to sustainable peace and progress ? if it doesn’t undermine Philippine sovereignty first! Why as; permission to carry out a lawful mandate> ,t is because in this case# there is shit# and up there is a fan# and should the twain meet@ &he SA commander who was sac;ed in the aftermath of the 0amasapano massacre# 5irector etulio Napenas# needed to brief the President! 0ore than once# on every occasion prior to the launch of the mission! Nobody# it seems# other than PNoy was consulted ? not the 5,) secretary# not the acting chief of the Philippine National Police# not anybody in the military
i;aw na bahala!+= &he commander of SA said% *C!+ And that was supposedly that! &he "ommander(in("hief presumed that implicit in his reminder was the presumption that the PNP and AP and 5,) would indeed be informed# though it never struc; him as strange that none of them were ever in the room# nor ever cc’d in the invitations to the briefings! ,t is the implausible ? and insultingly riddled ? narrative offered by 0alacanang that has the people sha;ing their heads! Never mind the 0,)’s own plea that nobody coordinated with them either! &he one point that the public is willing to allow government in this tragic mission is that the 0,)# too# has a lot to explain# and is in no position to demand anything of anyone! "ertified terrorists were coddled in an area under 0,) control! Dither the 0,) was complicit and conniving# or it was ignorant and impotent! Dither way# ilipinos as;# how in Allah’s name could the 0,) be trusted to run even an autonomous barangay> President Aquino tries to frame the people’s resulting dismay and distrust# and their demand for such accountability ? from government and from the rebels ? as baying for war# and then raises the straw man with its fist in the air# $ust long enough to call for the sobriety that nobody has actually lost! As upset as ilipinos are# it would be a stretch to say that any significant portion of the population has called for the peace process to be abandoned! Said PNoy% *)et us also consider% &he members of the SA perished in the course of pursuing their duty to maintain security! ,f the peace process does not succeed# if we were to return to the status quo# or if violence were to worsen# wouldn’t this be the very opposite of what they died for>+ &he line would be moving if it weren’t so dishonest! 'ich# coming from a government that ordered the SA into terrain they did not ;now# with no cover# no bac;up# and no chance in hell! ,t was the government that has cast uncertainty as to what comes next! )et us now be the ones to remind% SA was not sent to 0amasapano in the name of peace! &hey were ordered to arrest a fugitive! :y higher(ups who
;new or should have ;ept in mind the full context and larger ob$ectives in 0aguindanao# 0indanao# the ::)# the peace process# but who trumped it all with a mission to satisfy@ whom# 0r! President> )et us now be the ones to clarify% &here are two contexts here# not one# and they are separate! &he global war on terror is not necessarily intertwined with the quest for peace in 0indanao! &hey complicate each other# but not to the point of interdependency! President Aquino ;new# or should have ;nown# that any bumbling in 0aguindanao would have the potential to derail the peace process! or something so important# it is unfathomable ? though more and more it seems in the realm of his character or competence ? that the President would so easily relinquish responsibility! ,t is therefore he who insulted the SA ? even before he disrespected their mandate and professionalism when he# the *ather of the Nation#+ chose to loo; at gleaming 0itsubishi cars at their plant in )aguna over bowing before the cas;ets of our men as they arrived at Eillamor Air :ase from the ;illing fields! 1ow dare he use the slaughter into which they were ordered to cover for how their leaders’ decision(ma;ing has critically in$ured the ::) and the peace process! ilipinos will grant that mista;es were made! &hey will even grant good faith! And# for all their anger and the furious questions in their minds# they will await the report of the board of inquiry! :ut in exchange they demand at least sensitivity# transparency# and accountability! So far the President has failed them on all counts!
