by:
ACSAY, Raymond M.
LAGRITO, Denzil D.
MARQUEZ, Niel P.
MONTOYA, Juan Eulo C.
NATIVIDAD, Phijie G.
RAMOS, Kenneth Jan P.
TABACULDE, Henry Jr. D.
September 2014
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY CADETS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT
IN SHIPPING COMPANIES
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University
Arevalo, Iloilo City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
by:
ACSAY, Raymond M.
LAGRITO, Denzil D.
MARQUEZ, Niel P.
MONTOYA, Juan Eulo C.
NATIVIDAD, Phijie G.
RAMOS, Kenneth Jan P.
TABACULDE, Henry Jr. D.
September 2014
Approval Sheet
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
by:
ACSAY, Raymond M.
LAGRITO, Denzil D.
MARQUEZ, Niel P.
MONTOYA, Juan Eulo C.
NATIVIDAD, Phijie G.
RAMOS, Kenneth Jan P.
TABACULDE, Henry Jr. D.
Approved by:
_________________________________
MR. BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS, Adviser
______________________________________
DR. ROBERTO R. SOMOSA, SAH- Research
__________________________________________
CAPT. ERNESTO P. DONDIEGO, JR., Ph.D, Dean
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to
the following in their continuous effort and support in making this
research possible:
Mr. Brian Sarinas, our Research Instructor and Adviser, for his
patience and words of encouragement to finish our study;
Our parents, friends and classmates for their prayers, support and
encouragement;
And to Almighty God in giving us strength, wisdom and guidance from
the very start of this research until the end;
Thank you very much.
The Researchers
Acsay, Raymond M.,Lagrito, Denzil D.,Marquez, Niel P.,Montoya, Juan Eulo
C.,Natividad, Phijie G.,Ramos, Kenneth P.,Tabaculde Henry Jr. D., "Problems
Encountered by Cadets Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies."
Unpublished Research, John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University
(Arevalo), Inc. Sto., Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City, September 2014.
Abstract
The focal intention of this paper is to find out the problems encountered
by cadet seafarers in seeking employment in shipping companies. The
research used in this study is of descriptive in nature. This study
employed quantitative method of research. The respondents were 50 BSMT
graduates of JBLFMU-Arevalo. They were selected through convenience
sampling. The data were gathered through a researcher-made instrument.
Results showed the positive and negative perception that affects the cadet
seafarers in seeking an employment in shipping companies. The agreeable
advantages towards the problems encountered by cadet seafarers seeking
employment in shipping companies were rank on the following: (1) "Necessary
trainings and skills for cadetship", (2) "Shipping companies requires bonds
for cadetship trainings", (3) "Shipping companies have an examination for
cadet ship".
Most prevalent disadvantages, negative impact and disagreed by cadet
seafarers seeking an employment in shipping companies were rank on the
following: (1) Fees and charges for shipboard trainings are high, (2) Don't
have inclination for the career chosen, (3) Shipping companies prefer
cadets which has good academic and scholastic records.
Table of Contents
Chapter Page
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem
3
Significance of the Study
3
Definition of Terms
4
Delimitation of the Study
4
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Philippine Manning Industry 6
Introduction to Seamanship 8
Seafarer Recruitment Process 9
Challenges in Philippine Maritime Education and
Training 12
3 METHOD
Purpose of the Study and Research Design 15
Respondents 16
Instrument 16
Data Collection 16
Data Analysis 17
4 RESULTS
Descriptive Data Analysis 18
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 20
Conclusions 21
Recommendations 22
References 24
Appendix 26
List of Tables
Table
Page
pag
1 Problems Encountered by Cadets Seeking
Employment in Shipping Companies 19
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Study
Chapter One includes five parts: Background of the Study, Statement
of the Problem, Significance of the Study, Definition of Terms, and
Delimitation of the Study.
Part One, Background of the Study, discusses the reasons for the
choice of the study.
Part Two, Statement of the Problem, identifies the general and
specific problem.
Part Three, Significance of the Study, cites the benefits derived
from the result of the study
Part Four, Definition of Terms, presents the conceptual and
operational definitions of important terms used in the study.
Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the scope and
coverage of the study in terms of the variables, the sources of data, and
the statistics employed.
Background of the Study
Seafaring has been an age-old profession which dates back thousands of
years ago ever since the Vikings put out to see, to the time of our great
explorers like Columbus and Magellan, to the luxury liners of today,
sailing the seven seas has always been a source of
wonder and inspiration among the different people and races of the world.
The simple sea-going vessels of yesterday have now given way to the modern
and sophisticated ships of today.
Then and now, the sea has beckoned and enticed thousands of men and
even lately women, so much so that the allure of going to sea has never
diminished and the seafaring profession has enamored more and more people.
Sailing the seven seas has become so widespread because of the "the
shrinking global village" and the increasing trade and commerce between the
different nations of the world. Thus, the demand for well-trained and well-
educated seamen have likewise, increased.
Among the countries of the world, the Philippines have been a number
one provider of seamen to man the different ships under different flags of
the different nations engaged in the shipping industry. There has been a
proliferation of nautical schools that cater to the educational needs and
training of those who want seafaring as a profession. The course Bachelor
of Science in marine Transportation major in Navigation and Seamanship is a
degree leading to an occupation at sea, and these schools and colleges
produce thousands of graduates each year, making wonder why still, many are
willing to take up the course in a seemingly saturated field.
With regards to the saturation of seamanship, the aim of this study is
to investigate the problems encountered by cadets in seeking employment in
various shipping companies. This study was conducted to aid and prepare
cadets through awareness of the different problems they might face in
seeking employment in various shipping companies.
Statement of the Problem
The focal intention of this study is to determine the problems
encountered by cadets in seeking employment in various shipping companies.
Specifically, the study would like to raise the following related
issues:
1. What are the problems encountered by cadets in seeking an
employment in shipping companies?
2. How do these problems rank as perceived by the cadets?
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will benefit the officials, teachers, and
students of maritime, and the future researchers of similar study.
Officials. Being the regulatory board of the maritime institutions who
should be primarily concerned with the performance of their graduates, the
officials could use this study as basis for their decision and policy
making in the light of development of the students and their organization
more so possible on the possible problems and other pertinent requirements
of their graduates in applying for shipping companies. .
Teachers. Being the ones who should be primarily concerned with the
knowledge and skills developed by their students, the teachers may use this
study to enrich students' awareness of the difficulties related to the
field and equip them with programs that they could use in battling the
ardors of seamanship.
Students. Students can learn from the experiences of their fellow
cadets and this study could serve as a guide for them to know the possible
problems they could encounter when seeking for employment in various
shipping companies.
Future researchers. This study will serve as guide and will provide
insights, sources, and other materials relevant to their similar studies
and further researches.
Definition of Terms
In order to compass a clearer understanding between the researcher and
the readers, some important terms were defined conceptually and
operationally:
Cadet -- a student in a national service academy or private military
school or on a training ship.(Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2013).
In this study, "cadet" refers to BSMT graduates of JBLFMU-Arevalo.
Problem -- is something that is difficult to deal with something that
is a source of trouble, worry, etc. (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2013).
In this study, "problem" refers to the state where the cadet
seafarers encounter in seeking employment in shipping companies.
Shipping company - a company that provides shipping services trucking
company and others services (Merriam Webster Dictionary 2013).
In this study, "shipping company" refers to the different shipping
where the respondents seek employment.
Delimitation of the Study
This study was limited only to the analysis of the problems
encountered by cadets seeking an employment in various shipping companies.
Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and
additional information obtained through interview with the students.
The researchers considered 50 cadets enrolled in summer class 2014
(1st Batch) of JBLFMU-Arevalo. The sampling procedure was taken by
convenience sampling. The data were gathered through a researcher-made
instrument. The researchers used primary as well as secondary data to
facilitate the data gathering. The secondary data used in this study are
the similar unpublished and published researches, books, and articles that
the researches find beneficial for the study. The study was limited to
quantitative data analysis. Statistical tools employed were frequency
count, percentages and rank.
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter reviews the following topics: Philippine Manning
Industry, Introduction to Seamanship, Seafarer Recruitment Process, and The
Challenges in Philippine Maritime Education and Training.
Part One, Philippine Manning Industry talks about the integration of
the development, promotion, and regulation of the maritime industry in the
Philippines.
Part Two, Introduction to Seamanship discusses the requirements on
how to become a seaman in the Philippines.
Part Three, Seafarer Recruitment Process details rigorously the
process with which a cadet undergoes for employment.
Part Four, The Challenges in Philippine Maritime Education and
Training, presents the two main challenges in maritime education and
training (MET)
Philippine Manning Industry
The Philippines is basically composed of thousand island economies.
It also straddles a strategic position in Asia's great oceans serving as a
gateway to mainland Asia and other countries in the Pacific Rim.
Accordingly, Quiason et al. (2000) takes the view that the geographical
nature of the country and its vital position in Asia's major sea lanes make
it imperative for the Philippines to have a well developed maritime
industry not only to link its various islands for purposes of economic,
socio-cultural, political and physical integration, but effectively linking
the country to the world.
To improve the financial situation of the family is the major motive
of every seafarer for working overseas. Accordingly, Lamvik, (2002) takes
the view that at the core of the Filipino maritime labor migration lays an
admirable ability and willingness to endure hardship or make sacrifice in
the name of the family. This is the most fundamental and meaningful
inducement factor for choosing a maritime overseas career in the
Philippines. In his study "The Filipino Seafarer: A Life between Sacrifice
and Shopping" he said and we quote: "To be at sea is an act of love. To be
a Filipino overseas seafarer, is about a deep compassion or concern for the
family members back home in the Philippines. The seafarers are products of
and for their families."
Quiason et al, (2005) concluded that the Philippines is the top
supplier of skilled shipping manpower for foreign ships. The general
shipping business is currently on an upswing as the demand for general
seaborne transport has continued to grow in the recent years. Consequently,
Filipino seafarers become very much in demand worldwide. In a speech
delivered by President Arroyo during the Philippine-Japan Manning
Cooperative Forum last February 2008, she mentioned that most Filipinos are
natural-born sailors and this inborn inclination and the great Filipino
worker's drive to excel explains the country's stature as the world's
manning capital.
During the Philippine-Japan Manning Forum, ex-President Arroyo, in
her speech during the opening ceremony, stressed that the seafarers, being
the largest sector among the OFWs, constitute a major factor in the rise of
the Philippine economy and contribute to the 14.4 billion-dollar
remittances in 2007. Filipino seafarers are truly making waves in serving
not only the nation but the world. President Arroyo also added that the
rising remittances and the continued effectiveness of the economic reforms
that are being implemented in a few years have made 2007 a banner year in
Philippine economic history.
Moreover, in a show of unity and solidarity, stakeholders of the
Philippine manning and seafaring industry recently issued a manifesto
declaring its full support to the 22-point Platform and Policy
Pronouncement on Labor and Employment of President Benigno S. Aquino III,
through the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Led by Eduardo
Manese, president of the Philippine Japan Manning Consultative Council
(PJMCC) and Capt. Gregorio Oca, president of the Associated Marine Officers
& Seamen's Union of the Philippines (AMOSUP), the employer and labor sector
industry representatives vowed to continue maintaining the position that
the Philippines is the "Seafaring Capital of the World" by providing
competent seafarers to man the world's fleet of ocean-going vessels.
Introduction to Seamanship
Navigation is the art and science of safely and efficiently directing
the movements of a vessel from one point to another. Piloting uses water
depth and visible references, while dead reckoning uses courses and
distances from the last known position. In the days before mechanical
propulsion, an able seaman was expected to be able to "hand, and reef, and
steer". Training is more formal in modern merchant marines and navies, but
still covers the basics.
The crew of a large ship will typically be organized into "divisions"
or "departments", each with its own specialty. For example, the deck
division would be responsible for boat handling and general maintenance,
while the engineering division would be responsible for propulsion and
other mechanical systems. Crew start on the most basic duties and as they
gain experience and expertise advance within their area. Crew who have
gained proficiency become "able seamen", "petty officers", "rated", or
"mates" depending on the organization to which they belong.
We know there are many Filipinos who want to be a seaman or a
seafarer or a mariner because of the great benefits and high salaries. In
order to become a seaman, the first step is to have the basic seaman
training (also known as BST). As a beginner, one needs to take the STCW 95.
This is the basic training and term used worldwide for seamen and seafarers
entry level to work on boats, yacht or ships over 24m here and abroad. When
completed this training, a certificate will be given and this will serve as
a license to go forth in a seaman and maritime career.
Before getting the STCW95 certification, in the Philippines, one
needs to complete and pass a7-day training and course which covers the
following: (1) Sea Survival Techniques, (2) Personal Safety and Social
Responsibility, (3) First Aid, (4) Fire Fighting, and (5) Fire Prevention.
One must enroll at schools and colleges offering these maritime training
and courses. It is be taken highly to make sure to enroll only at trusted
training centers and schools approved and accredited by Maritime Training
Council of the Philippines.
Seafarer Recruitment Process
To choose an overseas maritime career in the Philippines involves a
whole lot of maneuvering, especially when it comes to how the potential
migrant is able to forge a relationship with the overseas labor market. To
become a migrant is not just dependent on a willingness to go: equally
important are factors such as the personal relationship one is able to
establish or plead, directly or indirectly, inside the manning offices in
Manila.
In order for migrant families to be able to hand over personnel to
the international labor market, they need to get in touch with those who
provide such employment. In other words, the families or the migrants
themselves need assistance from someone who can help them to articulate
their own wish and ability actually to land an overseas contract. The
answer to this problem is the broker. The chances of succeeding without
establishing contact with such a gatekeeper is small. The potential
migrants cannot, for example, just go to the agents in Manila on their own
and expect to have good odds of acquiring a job abroad, even though such
efforts in some cases to lead to an overseas contract. The trend is that
those who want to go need to pursue their application through people or
institutions which convey their wish to the overseas labor market.
To fully understand the need of the broker, it is important to bear
in mind the enormous gap which exists between the metropolis Manila, the
seat of the political and financial elite in the country, and the rest of
the 76 provinces which constitute Philippines. Manila is in many ways a
world of its own, seen in relation to the rest of the archipelago. For
instance, a typical way to categorize the country is to contrast sharply
the capital on the one side and the rest of the country on the other. For
example, if you are looking for a person, and you wonder if he is located
in Manila, the answer may easily be: 'No, he is out in the province.'
So, despite the fact that the educational level is relative high in
the Philippines, we cannot get away from the impression that majority of
the population in the country live very provincial or local lives, far from
the international, metropolis Manila. It is just a matter of distance in
the geographical sense of the word, between for instance the financial
district of Metro Manila, Makati and the rice fields of Panay or the sugar
plantation in Negros. It is rather a question of seemingly different worlds
or universes.
In general we may say that a broker is someone who is able to combine
or convey appreciated information or experience from two separate sectors
of a society or, more precisely, he is in a position to utilize the
comparative advantage which is implicitly present in two these two
different domains of society. In the case of the Philippine labor
migration, we have, according to Jon D. Goss and Bruce Lindquist, three
different types of gatekeepers: the local patron, the returned migrant and
the private recruiter.
The term local patron refers to those people who initially possess
certain conspicuous positions in a local community. In other words, it is
not necessarily their function as brokers which has brought them into
different leading roles in society, gate keeping is often just something
that is added to an already prominent position. These brokers' way of
bridging the gap between potential migrants and the overseas labor market
does not necessarily involve a direct contact with the Manila based agents.
Just as often a connection is achieved indirectly, through their network
with other patrons.
According to the findings of Sally E. Findley, migrant families can
be characterized by the fact that they already have members who have been
overseas as contract workers. Statistically speaking, about 1.1 persons in
a migrant family have had previous experience from migration, while the
same figure in the non-migrant families was only about 0.5. This piece of
information can be used as an indication of the important position migrants
hold within their families. In addition to a substantial financial
contribution to the well-being of their relatives - expressed through for
instance different kinds of sponsorships and educational support - the
returned migrants also represent a reservoir of knowledge and know-how
which is relevant to the migratory process. In a sense one can say that the
experienced overseas worker has already walked down the path which leads to
a contract in a foreign country. In doing this, the worker has acquired
experience of how to act or which strategies to choose, when facing the
many obstacles which go along with this operation.
A private recruiter is a professional broker. That is, to mediate
in/on the international labor market and the potential migrants' desire for
an overseas contract, is what they do for a living. According to Philip L.
Martin there is more than a 1000 private recruitment agencies in the
Philippines, and this number includes about 300 agencies with a specialty
in maritime contracts.
The focus in the last sections has been on three different types of
gatekeepers, positions whose main function is to bridge the gap between an
articulated wish for an overseas contract among potential migrants and the
foreign labor market. We saw further that it is decisive for the migrants
to be related by strong ties to these brokers, whether it be directly
through the private recruiter, or indirectly through the local patron or
the returned migrant.
Challenges in Philippine Maritime Education and Training
` Maritime education and training holds a key to a successful future
for the seafarers, his family, beloved, and the maritime industry in
general. In fact, education and training as an important pathway for
improving access to employment opportunities of Filipino workers, forms
part of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016 which is anchored
on President Aquino's social contract and central strategy in reducing
poverty and in building national competitiveness. The global shipping
industry continuously provides an attractive career opportunity with a
broad international perspective.
Despite the recent global economic crises, the demand for highly
competent officers and ratings to man vessels around the world is still
going strong. In fact, the Baltic International Maritime Council (BIMCO)
and International Seafarers Federation (ISF) Manpower Report (2010)
revealed recurrent shortages for officers especially on ship type such as
tankers and offshore support vessels. While seafaring remains to be an
interesting and rewarding profession, it requires physical and mental
abilities and strengths to be able to withstand the challenges at sea. As
emphasized by the BIMCO
Report 2005 and BIMCO Report 2010 respectively, suitably qualified and high
caliber seafarers are required by the industry to ensure safe, secure,
clean, and efficient ship operations. On top of that, the health and morale
of seafarers are essential in their success as maritime professionals.
Recognizing the significance of highly competent human resources at
sea, Maritime Education and Training should be enhanced in terms of
facilities and equipment, curriculum design, learning methodologies,
quality of instruction and in all aspects of ensuring a pool of high
qualified and competent marine officers and engineers to man the world
fleet.
On October 15, 2011, during the General Assembly of the International
Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU), the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) Secretary General Ethimios E Mitropoulos, in his Keynote
address said: "As human element at sea is critical in ensuring safe,
secure, clean and efficient operations, it is only feasible to secure, and
to preserve, properly qualified human resources for the maritime industries
through effective education and training – based on scientific and academic
rigor; the development of a clear linkage between practical skills and
management techniques; and an unerring focus on quality."
Currently, the Philippines remain the largest market for crewing,
advantaged by a number of factors: (1) High population growth rate in the
country; (2) Absence of more attractive employment opportunities; (3) High
unemployment rate; (4) Country's geographical position consisting of
approximately 7,100 islands; (5) Private sectors are encouraged to develop
marine training facilities with the Philippines having the most number of
MET institutions (159) with India as second (130), and (6) Fluency of
Filipinos in communicating using English (Baylon, 2011). However, with
current global shipping market supply and demand scenario and the
implementation of the revised STCW Convention and Code, the Philippines
must not be complacent. The overseas seafaring industry has been a major
contributor to the Philippine economic growth. Data from the Bangko Central
ng Pilipinas (BSP) shows that during the first four months of this year,
our seafarers have already funneled 1.3B US dollars in remittances, which
is 6% higher than the amount remitted during the same period last year.
Chapter 3
Method
Chapter Three consists of five parts: Purpose of the Study and
Research Design, Respondents, Instrument, Data Collection, and Data
Analysis Procedure.
Part One, Purpose of the Study and Research Design, restates the
purpose of the study and describes the research design employed in the
study.
Part Two, Respondents are the actual people called upon to issue a
response to a communication by another.
Part Three, Instrument describes the testing device that measures a
given phenomenon.
Part Four, Data Collection explains the process to which the
researchers utilized to gather data.
Part Five, Statistical Data Analysis Procedure explains how the data
were statistically treated and analyzed.
Purpose of the Study and Research Design
The purpose of this study was to determine the problems encountered
by cadet seafarers seeking employment in shipping companies as perceived by
BSMT graduates. It would also determine how strongly the students agree or
disagree with the different reasons given for them to choose from.
The research design used in this study is of descriptive in nature.
The quantitative method of research was employed in the study. Quantitative
methods emphasize on objective measurements and numerical analysis of data
collected through polls,
questionnaires or surveys. Quantitative research focuses on gathering
numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people.
Respondents
The respondents of this study were the 50 BSMT graduates of JBLFMU –
Arevalo. The sampling procedure was taken by convenience sampling.
Convenience sampling is a method of sampling where by the sampler picks the
sample based on the fact that the elements that he/she picks are
conveniently close at the moment.
Instrument
Research-made questionnaire on the problems encountered by cadet
seafarers in seeking an employment in various shipping companies was used.
It contained personal information of the respondents and ten statements of
advantages/disadvantages that reflect the problems encountered by cadet
seafarers in seeking an employment in various shipping companies.
Data Collection
The respondents were asked to accomplish the research-made
questionnaire by checking the column either agree or disagree to the
advantages and disadvantages.
As soon as the request was granted, the cadets were given the
research instrument. Through the help of some professors and colleagues the
researchers were able to meet the respondents. The respondents were given
enough time to read, analyze, and check the column in the researcher made
questionnaire. The accomplished questionnaires were gathered, examined, and
checked thoroughly to ascertain the accuracy and completeness of responses,
then, the data recorded.
Data Analysis
Frequency counts, ranks and percentage were employed to analyze the
data gathered. Frequency counts were used to determine the number of
responses for every item asked in the checklist of respondents. Ranks were
used to identify the order of the different statements based on the actual
result on the investigation.
Chapter 4
Results
The present study aimed to determine the problems encountered by
cadet seafarers seeking an employment in shipping companies as perceived by
BSMT graduates of JBLMU - Arevalo.
The findings showed that the most prevalent problems as perceived and
agreed by cadets seeking an employment in shipping companies were:
"Necessary trainings and skills for cadetship" (f = 35, r = 1, % = 70).
"Shipping companies requires bonds for cadetship trainings" (f = 32, r = 2,
% = 64). "Shipping companies have an examination for cadet ship" (f = 31, r
= 3, % = 62).
The most prevalent disadvantages as perceived and disagreed by cadets
seeking an employment in shipping companies were: "Fees and charges for
shipboard trainings are high" (f = 40, r = 1, % = 80). "Don't have
inclination for the career chosen" (f = 30, r = 2, % = 60). "Shipping
companies prefer cadets which has good academic and scholastic records" (f
= 25, r = 3, % = 50).
The data are summarized in Table 1 (Problems Encountered by Cadets
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies)
Table 1
Problems Encountered by Cadet Seafarers Seeking Employment in Shipping
Companies
"Statements "Agree "Disagree "
" "f "% "r "f "% "r "
"1. Necessary trainings and skills"35 "70 "1 "15 "30 "10 "
"for cadetship. " " " " " " "
"2. Shipping companies requires "32 "64 "2 "18 "36 "9 "
"bonds for cadet ship trainings. " " " " " " "
"3. Shipping companies have an "31 "62 "3 "19 "38 "8 "
"examination for cadet ship. " " " " " " "
"4. Shipping companies prefers "30 "60 "4 "20 "40 "7 "
"cadet seafarers that have " " " " " " "
"shipboard experienced. " " " " " " "
"5. Charges and fees in processing"28 "56 "5 "22 "44 "6 "
"necessary documents after " " " " " " "
"graduation are high which cadets " " " " " " "
"don't have financial support from" " " " " " "
"families. " " " " " " "
"6. Shipping companies prefers "27 "54 "6 "23 "46 "5 "
"referrals from friends or " " " " " " "
"relatives. " " " " " " "
"7. Shipping companies maintain "26 "52 "7 "24 "48 "4 "
"their quality or standards in " " " " " " "
"selecting cadet seafarers. " " " " " " "
"8. Shipping companies prefer "25 "50 "8 "25 "50 "3 "
"cadets which has good academic " " " " " " "
"and scholastic records. " " " " " " "
"9. Don't have inclination for the"20 "40 "9 "30 "60 "2 "
"career chosen. " " " " " " "
"10. Fees and charges for "10 "20 "10 "40 "80 "1 "
"shipboard trainings are high. " " " " " " "
.
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Chapter Five contains three parts: Summary, Conclusions, and
Recommendations
Part One, Summary of the study reflects the essential point of the
study and presents the findings.
Part Two, Conclusions presents the inferences drawn from the analysis
of the data.
Part Three, Recommendations based on the research findings and
conclusions which the researchers consider to be of utmost importance are
presented.
Summary
The agreeable advantages among BSMT students towards the problems
encountered by cadet seafarers seeking employment in shipping companies
were rank on the following: (1) "Necessary trainings and skills for
cadetship", (2) "Shipping companies requires bonds for cadetship
trainings", (3) "Shipping companies have an examination for cadet ship".
Most prevalent disadvantages, negative impact and disagreed by cadet
seafarers seeking an employment in shipping companies were rank on the
following: (1) Fees and charges for shipboard trainings are high, (2) Don't
have inclination for the career chosen, (3) Shipping companies prefer
cadets which has good academic and scholastic records.
Generally, the following are the things to consider in seeking
employment in shipping companies as cadet seafarers according to the
perception of the students as
revealed by the findings of the study, the students considered necessary
trainings and skills for cadetship; shipping companies requires bonds for
cadetship trainings; shipping companies maintain their quality or standard
in selecting cadet seafarers through an examination for cadetship.
Nevertheless, cadets considered the following problems in seeking
employment in shipping companies such as: fees and charges for shipboard
trainings are high; don't have inclination for the career chosen; shipping
companies prefer good academic and scholastic records or grades;
Conclusions
As to the perceived problems encountered by cadet seafarers seeking
employment in shipping companies, most of them agreed that necessary
trainings and skills are important in cadet seafarers to develop a sense of
awareness towards employment.
In view of answers of the respondents, it is necessary to have
training and skills ranked first. Shipping companies require bonds for
cadetship trainings, ranked second. Shipping companies prefer cadet
seafarers who have shipboard experienced, ranked third. Shipping companies
prefer referrals from friends or relatives ranked fourth and shipping
companies maintain their quality or standard in selecting cadet seafarers
ranked fifth.
Therefore, researchers conclude that students need to increase their
knowledge and awareness about necessary and important things to consider in
seeking employment in shipping companies. Since, there is a negative and
disagreeable things to consider that leads to disappointments of cadet
seafarers in seeking employment in shipping companies, majority of the
students contend that necessary skills and trainings, financial support and
stability from families must be considered because processing fees and
bonds are high. Referrals from friends and relatives and good scholastic
records and grades concede to the problems encountered by cadet seafarers
in seeking employment in shipping companies.
Recommendations
The result of this investigation should be made known to the students
of JBLFMU (Arevalo) so that they may reflect or contemplate on the
negative attitudes (which most of them have) that may lead to problems they
will encounter in seeking employment in shipping companies especially in
their future endeavors . Hopefully, they will be aware on the problems
arises when they apply for.
The result should also be made known to the teachers (of JBLFMU) so
that they may be give information on what and how the shipping companies
require cadet seafarers in seeking an employment in shipping companies.
Students must be knowledgeable, prepared and aware on the standards and
requirements of shipping companies. Furthermore, good scholastic records
and grades must be obtained in order to pass the exam and be accepted in
shipping companies. Also, shipping companies should impose strict
compliance and quality standard in selecting cadet seafarers in order to
uphold the vision and mission of their company as well to produce good and
quality seafarers. This would eventually enable them to impose rules and
regulations on the selection of cadets. In this way, students from
different maritime schools may be aware and have a good sense of
responsibility to study diligently and have good scholastics records.
Nevertheless, schools administrators of maritime schools must maintain
their standards by implementing strict rules and regulations in selecting
students in order to produce good and quality graduates and seafarers.
References
Apostleship of the Sea (AOS) - Philippines (1998). Ahoy!
Manual for Filipino
Seafarers. Second Edition. Manila: Society of St. Paul.
Baylon, Angelica M. (20011). The Challenges in Philippine Maritime
Education and Training. Bataan: Maritime Academy of Asia and the
Pacific.
Brooks, Mary R. (1989). Report on the Seafarer Survey. In:
Mary R. Brooks
(ed.) Seafarers in the ASEAN Region. Singapore: Institute of
Southeast
Asian Studies. Pp. 108 – 129.
Corpuz, Onofre D. (1997). An Economic History of the Philippines.
Quezon City:
University of the Philippine Press.
Ishak, Ghani (1989). Wages, Conditions of Work and the Welfare of
ASEAN
Seafarers. In: Mary R. Brooks (ed.) Seafarers in the ASEAN
Region.
Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Pp. 57 – 90.
Lamvik, Gunmar M., "The Filipino Seafarer, A Life Between Sacrifice and
Shopping." Doctor of Arts Dissertation. Norwegian University of Science
& Technology. Norway, 2002
Lane, Tony (2000). The Global Seafarers Labour Market: Problems
and
Solutions. Seafarer's International Research Centre, Cardiff
University:
Cardiff, U.K. (Unpublished paper).
Mier, A. Francisco J. (1989). Philippine Country Report. In:
Mary R. Brooks
(ed.) Seafarers in the ASEAN Region. Singapore: Institute of
Southeast
Asian Studies. Pp. 183 – 206.
Morris, Peter. (2002). Globalisation affects today's seafarers.
ICONS Chairman
Address to the Apostleship of the Sea XXI World Congress, October
1, 2002 Quiason, Rey L. and Quiason, Vangie A. "Guiding the Shipping
Industry Towards Safety and Competitiveness in the Global Century."
Manila Bulletin, 1 June 2000
Roxas-Lim, Aurora (2001). Ancient Balanghai: A Story of
Filipino Seamanship and Maritime Trade. Quezon City: University
of the Philippines Asian Center. Unpublished paper.
Appendix
Research Questionnaire
Name: _________________________________________ Age:
_____________________
Direction: Read the following statements carefully. Tell whether you agree
or disagree to the following problems faced by cadets in seeking
employment in various shipping companies.
(Put an "X" mark below the answer that corresponds your decision.)
"Statements "Agree "Disagree "
"1. Necessary trainings and skills" " "
"for cadetship. " " "
"2. Shipping companies requires " " "
"bonds for cadet ship trainings. " " "
"3. Shipping companies have an " " "
"examination for cadet ship. " " "
"4. Shipping companies prefers " " "
"cadet seafarers that have " " "
"shipboard experienced. " " "
"5. Charges and fees in processing" " "
"necessary documents after " " "
"graduation are high which cadets " " "
"don't have financial support from" " "
"families. " " "
"6. Shipping companies prefers " " "
"referrals from friends or " " "
"relatives. " " "
"7. Shipping companies maintain " " "
"their quality or standards in " " "
"selecting cadet seafarers. " " "
"8. Shipping companies prefer " " "
"cadets which has good academic " " "
"and scholastic records. " " "
"9. Don't have inclination for the" " "
"career chosen. " " "
"10. Fees and charges for " " "
"shipboard trainings are high. " " "
-----------------------
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY CADETS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT
IN SHIPPING COMPANIES
