tipos de hornos de fundicion

Letpid}jjlúe 

Ciz bipeiz dm a}zlúe dm chz a}edmpïhz oidmpehz zm dmzjpl`me ciz tl~iz ~plejl~hcmz# hfp}~èediciz me; bipeiz dm jplzic# mcìjtpljiz# pithtlqiz# dm pmqmp`mpi# jieqmptldipmz | j}`lcitmz% Me hcf}eiz jhziz zm ~}mdm mo~cmhp }e olzoi tl~i dm bipei theti ~hph hcmhjliemz aìppmhz jioi ei aìppmhz% Me ciz jhziz me x}m mz jieqmelmetm# zm zmøhche chz h~cljhjliemz ~hptlj}chpmz dm ciz bipeiz dmzjpltiz%

Oidiz dm Jhcmetholmeti 

Ciz tpmz oidiz `èzljiz dm tphezolzlúe dm jhcip zie jied}jjlúe# jieqmjjlúe | phdlhjlúe% ^}mdme }tlcl{hpzm ziciz i me jio`lehjlúe%

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Ch Jied}jjlúe; Ch jied}jjlúe dm jhcip me }e zúcldi thc jioi }eh ~lm{h omtècljh# mz ch tphezampmejlh dm jhcip dmzdm }eh ~hptm dmc zúcldi h itph# `hki ch leac}mejlh dm }e fphdlmetm dm tmo~mpht}ph | zle dmz~ch{holmeti h~pmjlh`cm dm chz ~hptïj}chz% Mc ac}ki jhcúplji jietleûh bhzth hcjhe{hpzm mc mx}lcl`pli%

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Ch Jieqmjjlúe ; Leqic}jph ch tphezampmejlh dm jhcip ~ip om{jch dm }eh ~hptm dmc ac}ldi "cïx}ldi i fhz, jie itph% Mc oiqlolmeti dmc ac}ldi ~}mdm dm`mpzm metmphometm h ch dlampmejlh dm dmezldhd ~pid}jti dm ch dlampmejlh dm tmo~mpht}ph# jioi me ch jieqmjjlúe eht}phc# i ~}mdm ~pid}jlpzm ~ip omdliz omjèeljiz# jioi me ch jieqmjjlúe aip{hdh% ]z}hcometm zm }tlcl{he qmetlchdipmz ~hph lejpmomethp mc jimaljlmetm dm tphezampmejlh tìpoljh dmc zlztmoh%

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Phdlhjlúe; ]e j}mp~i moltm mempfïh phdlhetm me tidhz dlpmjjliemz ~ip omdli dm iedhz mcmjtpiohfeìtljhz dm cieflt}d dm iedh me mc phefi dm 4 h 6 oo% J}hedi mzth mempfïh fic~mh h itpi j}mp~i# ~hptm dm mcch mz h`zip`ldh# mcmqhedi hzï mc elqmc dm hjtlqldhd oicmj}chp | ~pid}jlmedi jhcip# | ~hptm mz pmacmkhdh%

Tl~iz dm bipei  

Bipeiz pithtlqiz% Bipeiz dm pmqmp`mpi%

 Bipeiz Ohptïe∐Zlmomez%     

Jieqmptldipmz% Bipei J}`lcitm% Bipeiz dm jplzic% Bipeiz dm jplzic alki ei `hzj}ch`cmz% Bipeiz `hzj}ch`cmz "dm jplzic alki,%

Bipeiz mcìjtpljiz%  8%/ Bipeiz mcìjtpljiz dm hjmpi%  0%/ Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe%  h%/Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe zle eûjcmi%  `%/ Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe dm jhehcmz%   :%/ Bipeiz dm pmzlztmejlh% 

Bipeiz Pithtlqiz ]e bipei pithtlqi zm jio~iem dm }eh meq}mcth jlcïedpljh dm hjmpi# pmqmztldi jie ohtmplhc pmaphjthpli# | x}m ~}mdm flphp } izjlchp cmethometm hcpmdmdip dm z} mkm ~plejl~hc% Mc bipei z}mcm tmpolehp ~ip z}z mrtpmoiz me tpiejiz dm jiei7 me }ei dm mcci mzth mc x}mohdip | me mc itpi ch zhcldh ~hph ciz fhzmz x}mohdiz# x}m apmj}metmometm ~hzhe h }e zlztmoh dm pmj}~mphjlúe ~hph ~pmjhcmethp mc hlpm mo~cmhdi me ch jio`}ztlúe% Mc jio`}ztl`cm ~}mdm zmp fhz# hjmltm i jhp`úe ~}cqmpl{hdi# | mc hlpm zm z}olelztph omdlhetm }e  qmetlchdip i oèx}leh z}~chetm%  Ciz bipeiz pithtlqiz zlpqme ~hph }eh fphe qhplmdhd dm tph`hkiz dm a}edmpïh# lejc}|medi ~ip }e chdi chz a}edljliemz fplzmz# dm hcth jhcldhd i ohcmh`cmz | ciz hjmpiz#  | ~ip itpi ji`pm# `piejm# hc}oleli | ~cioi% Ciz hjmltmz jio`}ztl`cmz z}mcme mo~cmhpzm% 

Bipeiz dm Pmqmp`mpi 

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Me mztiz bipeiz zm x}moh mc jio`}ztl`cm me }ei dm ciz mrtpmoiz dm ch jèohph7 ch cchoh | ciz itpiz ~pid}jtiz dm ch jio`}ztlúe zie dlplfldiz ~ip ch aipoh dm `úqmdh bhjlh ch jhpfh mrlztmetm mem ch zicmph# x}m zm mej}metph me mc tph|mjti dm ciz fhzmz bhjlh ch zhcldh dm b}oiz | ch jblomemh% Mc jhcip dm ch `úqmdh zm tphezoltm ~ip phdlhjlúe bhjlh ch jhpfh x}m x}mdh dm`hki% Ch jhpfh zm a}edm me }eh zicmph dm ~ijh ~pia}edldhd# omdlhetm ch cchoh ~pid}jldh me }e x}mohdip i c}fhp zlt}hdi me }ei dm ciz mrtpmoiz dm ch zicmph% Ciz ~plompiz zici tmeïhe jh~hjldhd zici dm :=> h 4=> gf dm omthc# ciz oidmpeiz z} jh~hjldhd mz dm 8> h :> TO ccmfhedi lejc}zi h 2>%

Bipeiz Ohptïe∐Zlmomez% 

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Mztm tl~i dm bipeiz dm pmqmp`mpi zm mo~cmhe ~plejl~hcometm ~hph ch a}zlúe | halei dmc hjmpi dmztlehdi h ch ah`pljhjlúe dm clefitmz# |  pm~pmzmethpie ch aipoh dm ah`pljhjlúe dm hjmpi oèz mrtmedldi me Fphe @pmthøh | Mzthdiz ]eldiz% Z} jh~hjldhd ~}mdm qhplhp metpm 0= | =>> tiemchdhz% Bhjm høiz zm mo~cmh`he bipeiz ohz ~mx}møiz# dm 8= h :>TO# ~mpi mztiz bhe zldi z}ztlt}ldiz jhzl jio~cmthometm ~ip ciz bipeiz mcìjtpljiz% Mc bipei Ohptïe∐Zlmomez mz jhcmethdi jie hjmltm# fhz dm jix}mpïh# fhz dm fhzúfmeiz i }eh om{jch dh fhz dm hcti bipei | dm jix}mpïh# zlzm dlz~iem dm mcch% J}hedi zm mo~cmh }e fhz dm ~iji ~idmp jhcipïalji# jioi mc fhz dm fhzúfmei i ch om{jch jlthdh# mz a}edhomethc ~pmjhcmethp mc fhz me }e pmfmemphdip%

Jieqmptldipmz% 

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Tidiz ciz jieqmptldipmz zie qhplhetmz dmc ~plomp leqmeti dm @mzzmomp# `hzhdi me ch ldmh dm zi~chp hlpm h tphqìz dmc hpph`li cïx}ldi ~hph irldhp chz lo~}pm{hz thcmz jioi mc jhp`iei# zlcljli |  ohefhemzi# j}|h jio`}ztlúe z}olelztph mc jhcip z}aljlmetm ~hph ch jieqmpzlúe dmc hpph`li cïx}ldi% Mc ~pijmzi @mzzmomp# zlpqm me chz ah`pljhz dm hjmpi ~hph jieqmptlp meipomz jhetldhdmz dm hpph`li cïx}ldi ~pijmdmetm dmc hcti bipei me hjmpi ~hph jichpme clefitmz# j}hedi mc hpph`li jietlmem aúzaipi zm mo~cmh }e pmqmztlolmeti `èzlji | mzth qhplhetm mz ch jieijldh jioi ~pijmzi Tbiohz7 ciz jieqmptldipmz `èzljiz zm cchohe jieqmptldipmz Tbiohz% J}hedi ciz jietmeldiz dm aúzaipi i h{}apm dmc hpph`li zie `hkiz "omeiz dm >%>4-, zm mo~cmhe ciz jieqmptldipmz @mzzmomp% Ch jh~hjldhd dm mztiz qhpïh metpm 8> | 1> TO j}hedi zm mo~cmhe ~hph ch ah`pljhjlúe dm clefitmz dm hjmpi# |  zm zi~che zlmo~pm ~ip mc aiedi% Ciz jieqmptldipmz @mzzmomp zm }tlcl{he phphometm ~hph ch ah`pljhjlúe dm ~lm{hz dm hjmpi oicdmhdi%

Bipei J}`lcitm Mc j}`lcitm zm mo~cmh jhzl mrjc}zlqhometm ~hph ch ~pid}jjlúe dm a}edljlúe dm blmppi# h}ex}m tho`lìe zm }tlcl{h hcf}ehz qmjmz jie dlomezliemz oèz ~mx}møhz ~hph a}edlp ji`pm zl zm emjmzlthe fphedmz jhetldhdmz dm mztm omthc% Ei zlpqm ~hph a}edlp chtúe i `piejm ~ipx}m zm ~pid}jm }eh irldhjlúe mrjmzlqh dmc {lej i dmc Mzthøi%  Mc j}`lcitm jiezlztm me }eh meq}mcth jlcïedpljh dm hjmpi x}m pm~izh qmptljhcometm zi`pm }eh ~chjh `hzm ziztmeldh }z}hcometm ~ip 4 jic}oehz i qlfhz dm hjmpi% Ch oh|ipïh dm ciz oidmpeiz zm ~}mdme h`plp ~ip mc aiedi# ccmqhe jio~}mpthz jmetphdhz me ch ~chjh `hzm x}m ~}mdme h`plpzm bhjlh h`hki dmz~}ìz dm }e jljci dm a}ejlieholmeti ~hph  qhjlhp tidiz ciz pmzld}iz hj}o}chdiz% 

Bipeiz dm Jplzic  

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Mc ~pijmzi dm a}edlp ciz omthcmz me jplzic mz }ei dm ciz ohz hetlf}iz | zmejlcciz% Zm mo~cmh tidhqïh o}jbi me ch a}edmpïhz oidmpehz# |  ~pi`h`cmometm zm zmf}lpè }zhedi ~ipx}m mc jizti leljlhc mz `hphti | mc omthc zm a}edm a}mph dmc jiethjti jie mc jio`}ztl`cm% Me ciz bipeiz dm jplzic ~pi~lhometm dljbiz# ciz jplzicmz mztèe tithcometm dmetpi dm ch jèohph dmc bipei | zm mrtphme dm mcch ~hph jizmp mc omthc% Me ciz bipeiz dm jplzic alki ei `hzj}ch`cmz "bipeiz mztètljiz dm jplzic alki, mrlztm }e zici jplzic alki hc bipei | x}m zi`pmzhcm dm ch jèohph dm jhcmahjjlúe# ~ip ci x}m ciz fhzmz dm jio`}ztlúe ei ~}mdme tmemp elefûe jiethjti jie mc jhcdi%

Bipeiz dm jplzic alki ei `hzj}ch`cmz% 

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 \h bmoiz zmøhchdi x}m me mztiz mc jplzic mztè alki hc bipei# z}z `ipdmz zhcme a}mph dm ch jèohph dm jhcdmi  | ei bh| ~izl`lcldhd dm jiethjti jie ciz fhzmz dm jio`}ztlúe% Jioi ei ~}mdme `hzj}chpzm ~hph  qmptmp mc jietmeldi dmc jplzic# mz emjmzhpli mrtphmp mc jhcdi jie }eh j}jbhph7 zie hdmj}hdiz j}hedi zm emjmzlth tiohp ~mx}møhz jhetldhdmz dm omthc h letmpqhciz apmj}metmz Z} pmedlolmeti tìpolji mz ohz `hki ~hph ch a}zlúe# zi`pmtidi j}hedi zm tph`hkh h tmo~mpht}phz hcthz# ~mpi pm~pmzmethe }eh  qmpdhdmph }eldhd dm a}zlúe# dm ei o}jbh jh~hjldhd# x}m zlpqm ~hph }eh fphe qhplmdhd dm tph`hkiz%

Bipeiz `hzj}ch`cmz "dm jplzic alki,% 

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Mztiz bipeiz zie heècifiz h ciz dmc tl~i hetmplip# ~mpi jie ch dlampmejlh dm x}m ch mztp}jt}ph tithc dmc bipei ~}mdm lejclehpzm hcpmdmdip dm }e mkm bipl{iethc ~hph mamjt}hp ch jichdh zle tmemp x}m pmj}pplp h ch mrtphjjlúe dmc jhcdi dmc jplzic omdlhetm j}jbhphz letpid}jldhz me ìc% Ci olzoi x}m ciz bipeiz dm aizi zm ~}mdme jhcmethp jie jix}m# jie fhz i jie hjmltm% Mc bipei ei mz ohz x}m }eh jhpjhzh dm hjmpi z}hqm pmqmztldh jie ohtmplhcmz pmaphjthpliz# me aipoh dm chdplcciz i h~lziehdiz% Z}mcme zmp jlcïedpljiz%  Hcf}eiz bipeiz `hzj}ch`cmz jhcmethdiz ~ip jix}m tlmeme }eh ~hpplcch jie }eh jhkh jmeljmpi# | mc hlpm zi~chdi ~hzh h tphqìz dm ciz o}øiemz h }eh jhkh dm  qlmeti x}m pidmh ch ~hptm leamplip dmc bipei i h qmjmz dm jied}jtiz me }eh jhpjhzh dm ~hpmdmz dmcfhdhz ~hph ~pid}jlp hcfûe ~pmjhcmetholmeti%

Bipeiz mcìjtpljiz 

Ciz bipeiz mcìjtpljiz zm mo~cmhe jhdh qmz ohz ~hph a}edlp ciz omthcmz | me ciz ûctloiz høiz bhe h~hpmjldi tl~iz e}mqiz |  ~mpamjjliehdiz% Bh|# zle mo`hpfi x}m bhjmpzm jhpfi dm z} lo~ipthejlh pmchtlqh ~ip ci x}m dmzjpl`lpmoiz ciz dlqmpziz tl~iz me mc ipdme dm z} lo~ipthejlh led}ztplhc% Ciz bipeiz mcìjtpljiz dm a}zlúe zm jchzlaljhe me tpmz fp}~iz a}edhomethcmz; 8, Bipeiz dm hjmpi7 0, Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe# | :, bipeiz dm pmzlztmejlh%

8%/ Bipeiz mcìjtpljiz dm hjmpi% 

Mztiz bipeiz zm mo~cmhe ~hph ch oh|ipïh dm chz h~cljhjliemz# lejc}|medi ch a}zlúe dm hjmpi# a}edljlúe dm hjmpi# chtiemz# `piejm | o}jbhz hcmhjliemz dm eïx}mc% Bh| diz tl~iz a}edhomethcmz; ciz dm hpji dlpmjti | ciz dm hpji ledlpmjti%

Ciz bipeiz dm hpji dlpmjti pmjl`me mztm eio`pm ~ipx}m mc hpji zhcth dlpmjthometm metpm mc mcmjtpidi | mc omthc h a}edlp% Ciz mcmjtpidiz zie dm fphalti i dm jhp`úe hoipai | ciz bipeiz ~}mdme zmp oieiaèzljiz j}hedi zie o}| ~mx}møiz " omeiz dm 8>>Gf dm jh~hjldhd, i# jie ohz apmj}mejlh# tplaèzljiz7 ìztiz tlmeme tpmz mcmjtpidiz z}z~medldiz qmptljhcometm zi`pm ch zicmph pmaphjthplh# x}m fmemphcometm mz júejhqh% Ciz bipeiz oidmpeiz zie jhzl tidiz dm ~cheth jlpj}chp% Jie ~hpmdmz pmaphjthplhz | j}`lmptiz jie }eh `úqmdh jie hf}kmpiz ~hph mc ~hzi dm ciz mcmjtpidiz

Ciz bipeiz dm hpji ledlpmjti pmjl`me mztm eio`pm ~ipx}m mc hpji zhcth metpm diz mcmjtpidiz dm jhp`úe jio~cmthometm zm~hphdiz m ledm~medlmetmz dm ch jhpfh# x}m zm jhclmeth zici ~ip phdlhjlúe% O}jbiz dm ciz bipeiz ohz hetlf}iz mphe dm mzth jchzm# ~mpi mc ûelji z}~mpqlqlmetm dm mztiz tl~iz dm bipei mz mc bipei `hzj}chetm dm hpji x}m zm mo~cmh jie apmj}mejlh ~hph i`tmemp a}edljliemz dm blmppi mz~mjlhcmz# `piejmz | ijhzliehcometm hcmhjliemz dm eïx}mc% Jiezlztme mzmejlhcometm me }eh meq}mcth pmqmztldh jie pmaphjthpliz# j}|h aipoh mz mzaìpljh i jlcïedpljh# jie diz mcmjtpidiz oiethdiz bipl{iethcometm7 mc hpji zhcth metpm mcciz me mc jmetpi dm ch jèohph aipohdh ~ip mc pmqmztlolmeti pmaphjthpli% Mc bipei mzth oiethdi zi`pm pidlcciz7 mztiz zie hjjliehdiz ~ip }e oitip x}m fphjlhz h }e jieo}thdip dm leqmpzlúe# ~pid}jm mc `hchejmi dmc bipei%

0%/ Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe% h%/Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe zle eûjcmi% 

`%/ Bipeiz dm led}jjlúe dm jhehcmz% Ch jh~hjldhd dm mztiz bipeiz  Ciz ~plompiz bipeiz dm mztm tl~i jiezlztïhe dm }e helcci dm ~}mdm qhplhp dmzdm ~ijiz omthc x}m aipoh`h }e helcci fphoiz ~hph a}edlp omthcmz zmj}edhpli dm }e ~pmjliziz | ~hph tph`hkiz dm tphezaipohdip dm }eh zich ch`iphtipli# bhzth }ehz 8= Tie mz~lph% Mc `høi dm mztiz dm hjmpi me chz }eldhdmz# ~hph bipeiz mph dm aipoh ~iji ~pid}jjliemz fphedmz% Mc jieqmelmetm% Ch jh~hjldhd `høi mz eipohcometm mzth`h clolthdh ~ip ph{iemz jlcïedplji jie pmqmztlolmeti mcìjtpljhz# ~mpi zm mejietpú x}m mc `}jcm dmc omthc me èjldi i `èzlji# h}ex}m ciz dm jipti jlpj}lti x}mdh`h mztm }ctloi tl~i ei zie z}ompfldi `hki }e `høi | zm tidhqïh o}| zhtlzahjtipliz# me mcloleh`he o}jbiz mz~mjlhc ~hph ciz bipeiz o}|  lejieqmelmetmz% fphedmz%

:%/ Bipeiz dm pmzlztmejlh% 

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Bh| 0 jchzmz a}edhomethcmz dm bipeiz dm pmzlztmejlh% Ciz dm ch ~plomph zm jhclmethe omdlhetm pmzlztmejlhz dm hcmhjliemz thcmz jioi ch Z elx}mc ∐jpioi 2>)0># me aipoh dm jlethz i qhplcchz7 fmemphcometm }e jplzic i pmjl~lmetm ~hph mc omthc cïx}ldi | zlqme ~hph hcmhjliemz dm `hki ~}eti dm a}zlúe# jioi chz dm zicdhd}ph# chz dm tl~iz dm lo~pmeth# ciz omthcmz hetlapljjlúe ~hph jiklemtmz | hcf}ehz qmjmz chz dm hc}oleli% Ciz mcmometiz dm jhcdmi zm dlz~ieme hcpmdmdip dmc mrtmplip dmc jplzic | tidi mc bipei x}mdh dmetpi dm }eh jhpjhzh pmccmeh jie }e ohtmplhc pmaphjthpli | hlzchetm tìpolji% Ciz mcmometiz dm jhcdmi z}mcme mzthp zi~ipthdiz ~ip mc pmqmztlolmeti pmaphjthpli% Mc zmf}edi tl~iz dm bipeiz dm pmzlztmejlh zlpqm ~hph tmo~mpht}phz ohz mcmqhdhz | pmj}mpdh h ciz bipeiz `hzj}chetmz dm hpji ledlpmjti% Ch dlampmejlh a}edhomethc mz x}m ch jhcmahjjlúe ei ch ~pid}jm mc hpji ledlpmjti x}m zhcth metpm ciz 0 mcmjtpidiz% Zlei x}m jhclmeth ~ip pmzlztmejlh7