Prepared by: Dr. Cherrypyn B. Barbacena
Focus: COSMETOLOGY
Focus: COSMETOLOGY
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Explain the importance of good grooming for personal and professional development. • Apply the correct procedure in manicuring and pedicuring. • Apply ways of maintaining facial care and differentiate differentiate the different kinds of facial make – make – up. up. • Apply the basics in barbering ,hairstyling and treatment
A. Introduction to Cosmetology • Cosmetology refers to the study and practice of beauty culture. It is the professional treatment of the skin, hair, and nails. Success in beauty culture depends to a large extent upon knowing the “why” and “how of the varied services rendered to patrons
* Salon ecology: the study of the relationship between the living organisms that exist within a salon and their potential affects on public health • Bacteriology: the science that deals with the study of microorganisms called bacteria. • Sterilization: the process of making an object germ-free by the destruction of all kinds of bacteria whether beneficial or harmful. • Sanitation: the application of measures to promote public health and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
• Anatomy and Physiology: The subjects of inconsiderable importance to the practice of cosmetology. Knowledge of the structure and functions of the human body forms the scientific basis for the proper application of beauty treatments. – Anatomy: the study of gross structures of the body, such as muscles, bones or arteries. –Physiology: the study of the functions or activities performed by various parts of the body. –Histology (Microscopic Anatomy): the study of minute structure of the various
–Electricity: A form of energy capable of producing magnetic, chemical or heat effects. Its beneficial effects are of value in cosmetology for its supply of heat and light as well as the operation of the various kinds of electrical appliances and machines. –Chemistry: the science which deals with the composition, characteristics, and changes of the matter. It provides knowledge of the composition and uses of the cosmetics.
B. Good Grooming Being well-groomed helps person builds self-confidence. It makes one feel proud of knowing that others appreciate one’s ways and appearance. A healthy person has an active body, a pleasant face, a healthy skin, sparkling eyes and a happy disposition. A well-groomed person is pleasing and attractive to look at. A well-groomed person is a happy person.
• Good Grooming: means taking care of the hair, skin, face, hands and total body; can lift one’s morale and help increase self-esteem; and the means that one is taking care of him/herself.
Proper Hygiene: is an ongoing task
• Bathe or shower daily. Rinse or wash face at least two times a day. • Brush and floss daily. Use mouthwash or rinse with diluted baking soda if mouthwash is not available. • Drink plenty of water to keep the insides clean. This will also help to keep the skin fresh on the outside. • Remove underarm and leg hair regularly. Also, remove any facial hairs as they appear. A depilatory or a bleaching cream may be needed if
Ways of Bathing • Full bath: includes washing the hair with shampoo, soaping the whole body, and rinsing it with clean water. Then dry the hair and body with clean bath towel. A full bath may be done in the morning or in the evening after resting. • Shower: use a wet face towel rubbed with soap. This is used to rub the body and then rinse by going under the shower. Oftentimes, the hair is not wet and only the body is soaped and washed. A shower is usually brief as it takes only a few minutes compared to a full bath.
Ways of Bathing • Full bath: includes washing the hair with shampoo, soaping the whole body, and rinsing it with clean water. Then dry the hair and body with clean bath towel. A full bath may be done in the morning or in the evening after resting. • Shower: use a wet face towel rubbed with soap. This is used to rub the body and then rinse by going under the shower. Oftentimes, the hair is not wet and only the body is soaped and washed. A shower is usually brief as it takes only a few minutes compared to a full bath.
Caring for the Teeth and Gums • Clean teeth are good to look at when one smile, laugh or speak. A good looking person usually has a good set of clean teeth. Here are some tips in taking care of the teeth and gums. • Brush teeth regularly after every meal. Use an up and down motion in cleaning to remove the food in between the teeth. • Visit dentist regularly at least twice a year for dental checkup or treatment. • Use soft toothbrush and good toothpaste. A soft toothbrush protects the
• Rinse mouth when there is no have no time to brush the teeth. Rinsing washes away small particles of food left in the mouth. A mouthwash or clean fresh water may be used to wash the mouth. A good mouthwash kills germs and prevents bad breath. • The gums may be carefully massaged by using a soft toothbrush. Massaging helps stimulate circulation of the blood. This is good for healthy gums.
Caring for the Hair The hair is considered a “crowning glory”. It can make one’s face look attractive and pretty when properly cut and as arranged. To have a nice-looking hair, follow these tips. • Set hair in a becoming style. It is easier to keep short hair neat. A simple headband or hair clip will keep your hair in place.
• Keep hair clean by washing it with mild soap or shampoo. Shampoo hair as often or when it becomes dirty. But be reminded that washing the hair too often will make the hair lose its natural oil. • Brush hair every day. Brushing will keep the hair clean and shiny because the dirt and dust are removed. It also removes tangles and promotes circulation of the blood for a healthy scalp. • Use own comb and hair brush and wash them often to keep them clean.
Correct Body Posture Posture is the position of the body in walking, sitting, standing and lying down. Good posture contributes to one’s looks. When one stand tall and straight, or sit straight with back flat against the back of the chair, the lungs and all the other organs of the body are all set in a position to do their work well. Beauty Basics • Eat a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Drink at least sixteen glasses of water each day. • Daily exercise will get your blood flowing and stimulate the oxygen flow to feed the skin. Twenty minutes a day, three times a week of aerobic exercise is the minimum amount to maintain good health. • Do not drink excessive coffee, tea or alcohol. All these liquids are diuretics that dehydrate the body and sap it of vitamin B. Vitamin B helps keep nails
• Good grooming is not only important in improving one’s personal looks but should and must be part one’s professional development. Appreciation and respect of the person as a professional whether this be a teacher, a doctor, a lawyer, a fashion model, an executive, a public relations officer can be partly attributed to the way the person looks and carries himself.
C. Manicure and Pedicure • Manicuring : a cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands : comes from the Latin manus, meaning "hand," and cura meaning "care" : a treatment for just the hands, just the nails, or both : the purpose is to improve the appearance of the hands and nails
• Pedicuring : way to improve the appearance of the feet, and their nails. : basically is a manicure for the feet. : comes form the Latin words pes, which means foot, and cura, which means care. : the care of the feet and toenails. : can be helpful because it can prevent nail diseases and nail disorders.
Things to Know
• Structure of the nail • Composition of cosmetics used in a pedicure • Give effective pedicure • Care for clients' problems or concerns • Distinguish nail disorders that can or can't be treated • Sanitation and disinfectant procedures
• N ai l
D ef i n i t i o n s
• The Free Edge: The end of the nail plate that is shaped during Manicure & Pedicure • The Hyponichium : The portion of skin at the end of the finger underneath the free edge. • The Nail Plate: The visible portion of the nail that sits on top of the nail bed and ends at the free edge. • Side wall: The grooves on the sides of the nail between the nail and the skin.
• The Lunula : This is the moon shaped point where the matrix and nail bed meet. Please take care with the lunula area as it is the softest part of the nail. This is because the nail has not completed its growth as it has just been formed from the matrix alongside. • The Cuticle: The overlapping skin surrounding the nail. Its job is to protect the matrix from invading bacteria and physical damage. • The Matrix: This is where the nail is made so it is not surprising to find out that a healthy matrix will lead to a
– Manicure table and adjustable lamp. – Patron’s and manicure’s chair or stool. – Cushion or small pillow (8 x 12 inches) covered with washable slipcover or sanitized towel for the patron’s wrist arm. – Supply tray for holding the cosmetics – Finger bowl for holding warm soapy water. – Container for clean absorbent cotton. – Container for sanitizing solution. – Glass container for cosmetics and accessories.
• Low stool for cosmetologist or manicurist • Ottoman on which to rest patron’s foot • Water proof apron or an extra Turkish towel • Special toenail nippers • Antiseptic solutions • Cotton Pledgets and foot powder • Paper towels
• Orangewood stick – loosen cuticle, to work around the nail, and for applying cream, oil, or solvent to the nail and cuticle. • Nail file – used to shape and smooth the free edge of the nail. • Cuticle pusher – to push back and loosen the cuticle. • Cuticle nipper – to trim the cuticle. • Nail brush – to clean the nails and finger tips with the aid of warm soapy water. • Emery boards – to shape the free edge of the finger nails with the coarse side and level the nail on the fine side.
• Cuticle cream –used to prevent brittle nails and dry cuticle. • Cuticle remover – used to soften the dead cuticle around the nail. • Cuticle oil – used to soften and lubricate the skin around the nails. • Cuticle solvent – may contain 2-5 % of sodium or potassium hydroxide plus glycerin. • Nail whitener – applied as a paste, cream, or coated string, it consists mainly of white pigments (zinc dioxide or titanium dioxide). When applied under the free edge of the nail they keep the tip looking white. Nail polisher solvent containing acetone or
• Nail drier – is a fine spray which protects the nail against stickiness and dulling. Can be used either as a spray over the top coat or directly in the nail polish. • Base coat – is a liquid Product applied before the liquid nail polish. With this applicator the nail polish adheres readily to the surface. It also has a hard glass which prevents the color in the nail polish from staining the nail tissue. • Top coat or top sealer – is a liquid applied over the nail polish. This product protects the polish and minimizes the chipping or cracking of the colored polish. • Nail strengthener – is a product designed to prevent the nails form splitting or peeling. It is applied to the tips of the nails only
• Absorbent cotton – to remove cosmetics to the nails. • Soap – for finger rings • Warm water – for finger bath • Towel – used individual towel for each patron • Cleansing tissue to use whenever necessary. • Antiseptic – used for minor injuries to tissues surroundings the nails. • Disinfectant – used to sanitize implements; to sponge the manicure table.
• Remove old polish: moisten a piece of cotton with the nail polish remover and press over the nail for a few moments to soften the polish. With the firm movement, bring the cotton from the base of the nails to the tip. • 2. Shape the nails: ask the patron, the shape she wants, then file the little nail of the left hand, from the little finger towards the thumb, in the following manner. Shape the nail into a oval shape. Used the file or emery board to shape the nail. File each nail from corner to center going from right to left and then left to right. On each side of the nail, used two short
• Dry fingertips – wipe with towel of both hands, carefully dry the left hand including the area between the fingers. At the same time, gently loosen and push back the cuticle and adhering skin on each nail. • 5. Apply cuticle remover – wet the nail with cuticle remover around the edge of the nail, and push gently and carefully loosen dead cuticle, avoid to much pressure in pushing back the cuticle. • 6. Loosen cuticle – upon pushing the cuticle use the flat or spoon side of the pusher. Keep cuticle moist while working. Avoid scratching the nail plate so that live tissue at the root of the nail will not be injured. • 7. Clean under free –edge – use cotton – tipped
• 1. Bevel nails: carefully re – examine the nails for defects. Use fine side of the emery board like a nail to give the nail a smooth beveled edge. • 2. Apply the base coat: apply the base coat polish, starting with the little finger toward the thumb. • 3. Apply liquid polish: apply the base coat polish, starting with the little finger toward the thumb. • 4. Remove excess polish: dip cotton – tipped or a range stick into the nail polish remover. Apply it carefully around the cuticle and nail edges to remove excess polish. • 5. Apply top or seal coat: apply the coat with the long strokes to the \left hand and then to the
• Arrange required equipment, implements, and materials. • Seat patron in facial chair, assist patron in removing shoes and hose. • Place her feet on a clean paper towel on foot rest. • Wash your hands. • Rub the feet with an antiseptic (alcohol) before starting the procedure for
• Remove old nail polish from the nails of both feet. • File nails of left foot with emery board. Smooth rough edges with fine side of emery bag. • Place left foot with warm soapy water. • Shape nails of right foot. • Apply cuticle solvent to the cuticle and under the free edge of each toenail. • Place right foot in bath. • Push the cuticles to loosen them. • Start trimming the dead cuticles. • Brush the nails of the feet. • Wipe with towel to dry the feet.
• Facial skin care needs proper facial skin care products, a routine of cleansing, toning and moisturizing. • The secret of a beautiful face is proper skincare, the right beauty sleep every night, a balanced diet and an extra portion of care on a regular basis. It must also remember that the needs of the skin change: During the day, it needs protection from the environmental effects; at night, it is regenerating and therefore needs care that supports this process. The skin's ability to regenerate wanes with age. So it
