Townscape - Gordon Cullen

PRO SEMINAR ARSITEKTUR MAGISTER DESAIN KAWASAN BINAAN

TEORI URBAN URBAN DESAIN :

“TOWNSCAPE” Nama: Anastasia Jessica Puti !aasati NIM NIM : "# "#$% $%&' &'(' (')$ )$PT PTK$ K$)& )&*+ *+

ABSTRAKSI

Cita ,-ta .a/at 0u1a .ise2ut .en1an ,esan atau /ese/si antaa /en1amat

.en1an

3in1,un1ann4a5

Kesan

/en1amat

te6 e6a.a/

3in1,un1ann4a te1antun1 .ai ,emam/uan 2ea.a/tasi /en1amat .a3am men4e3 men4e3e,s e,sii .an men1men1-1 1ani anisi si se6in1 se6in11a 1a 3in1,u 3in1,un1a n1an n 4an1 4an1 .iama .iamatin tin4a 4a a,an a,an mem2 mem2e ei, i,an an /e2 /e2e. e.aa aan n .an .an ,ete ete6u 6u2u 2un1 n1an an55 Sa3a Sa3a6 6 satu satu te- te-ii men1enai men1enai cita ,-ta ,-ta a.a3a6 Townscape Townscape 4an1 .i/e,ena3,an -3e6 G-.en Cu33en

.a3am

T-7nsca/e T-7nsca/e

2u,un4a

te3a6

4an1

i.enti,

2e0u.u u.u3

.en1an

“The The

2e2a1ai

Conc Concis ise e

Towns ownsca cape pe”5 ”5

/emasa3a6an /emasa3a6an

.a3am

meancan meancan1 1 3in1,un1a 3in1,un1an n mu3ai mu3ai .ai ,-nse ,-nse8asi 8asi /a in.usti in.usti ,-ta9 ,-ta9 6in11a 6in11a /en1 /en1em em2a 2an1 n1an an /an. /an.ua uan n anc ancan an1a 1an n untu untu, , .ae .aea6 a6 /e /emu,i mu,ima man5 n5 I.e I.e men1e en1en nai townscape te3a6 te3a6 .ia/ .ia/esi esiasi asi se2a1a se2a1aii ,-nse/ -nse/ /en4e3 /en4e3am amata atan n 3in1,un1an /e,-taan5


TOWNSCAPE DAN CITRA KOTA

Sa3a6 satu ,euntun1an tin11a3 .i .a3am ,-ta .is2an.in1 .esa a.a3a6 ,emu.a6an 7a1a ,-ta untu, mem/e-3e6 3a4anan5 Se/eti 4an1 .i,ata,an -3e6 G-.-n Cu33en ");"<9 “ A city is more than the sun of its inhabitats. It has the power to generate a surplus of its amenity, which is one reason why people like to life in communities rather than isolation”5 Ma,na se2ua6 ,-ta ti.a, 6an4a .itin0au .ai t-ta3 0um3a6 /en.u.u,n4a9 me3ain,an 2a1aimana ,-ta ti.a, 6an4a .itin0au .ai t-ta3 0um3a6 /en.u.u,n4a9

me3ain,an

2a1aimana

,-ta

tese2ut

men16a.i,an

,emu.a6an /a.a /en16unin4a5 Ma,a ti.a, men16ean,an a/a2i3a -an1 ,-ta cen.eun1 cu,u/ 2an4a, men16a2is,an 7a,tu untu, 2ea,ti8itas .a3am ,6a3a4a,9 .ai/a.a 2e.iam .ii .i uma65 Wa1a ,-ta me3a,u,an ,e1iatan 2e=,-ta .en1an mene3usui 0a3an .i setia/ 2a1ian=2a1ian ,-ta9 se6in11a men16asi3,an suatu /ese/si tetentu tentan1 7a0a6 ,-ta tese2ut5 >a3 ini3a6 4an1 .ise2ut .en1an isti3a6 townscape5

Townscape

menuut

,amus

-?@-.

a.a3a6

the

visual

appearance of a town or urban area; an urban landscape; apicture of town5 Townscape meu/a,an se2ua6 tam/i3an 8isua3 4an1 .i6a.i,an -3e6 suatu 2a1ian 7i3a4a6 /e,-taan townscape 0u1a .iati,an se2a1ai se2ua6 3anse,a/ ,-ta 1am2a se2ua6 ,-ta atau 7a0a6 ,-ta5 Townscape a.a3a6 seni 4an1 te.a/at secaa 8isua3 .a3am /enataan 2an1unan=2an1unan9 0a3an9 seta uan1 4an1 men16iasi 3in1,un1an /e,-taan5 Denisi 3ain .ai townscape a.a3a6 sa3a6 satu caa 4an1 .a/at .i1una,an .ai se1i si, 8isua3 untu, men1ena3i 2entu, si, suatu ,-ta5 Se3ain itu9 townscape 0u1a .a/at .ii.enti,asi me3a3ui 2entu, /enataan atau

.esain

.ai

2an1unan=2an1unan

.an

0a3an

4an1

.itan1,a/

2e.asa,an 2e2a1ai tin1,atan em-si-na3 masin1=masin1 /en1amat5 K-nse/ townscape ini men0a.i .asa 2a1i /aa asite,9 /eencana9 .an /i6a,=/i6a, 4an1 mem/e6ati,an 7a0a6 ,-ta5


Bentu, si, uan1 ,-ta .i/en1au6i .an .itentu,an -3e6 2entu, .an massa 2an1unan5 Kete,aitan itu .iasa,an secaa /si,-3-1is mau/un secaa si, -3e6 /en1amat 2entu, si, uan1 ,-ta seta 2entu, .an massa 2an1unan tese2ut5 Se3ain itu9 ,ete,aitan 0u1a .a/at .i3i6at secaa 8isua3 /a.a ,ua3itas 2entu, ,-ta 4an1 .itentu,an -3e6 2entu, .an u,uan uan1 ,-ta seta /enataann4a5 Me3a3ui

2u,u

The

Concise

Townscape9

G-.-n

Cu33en

men1emu,a,an ni3ai=ni3ai 4an1 6aus .itam2a6,an .a3am u2an .esain secaa mas4aa,at .i ,-ta tese2ut secaa em-si-na3 .a/at meni,mati 3in1,un1an /e,-taan 4an1 2ai, me3a3ui asa /si,-3-1is mau/un si,5 Da3am tu3isann4a9 Cu33en me3an0ut,an 2a67a ,emam/uan me3i6at$8isua3 meu/a,an 6a3 4an1 .imi3i,i manusia untu, men1ena3i 7a0a6 ,-ta9 4a,ni .en1an caa measa,an sensasi 4an1 mem2an1,it,an mem-i .an /en1a3aman masa 3am/au5 Sensasi em-si-na3 tese2ut men16asi3,an an1san1an 4an1 mem/en1au6i /i,ian9 .en1an ,ata 3ain 3in1,un1an a,an mem/en1au6i /i,ian /en1amat5te.a/at ti1a 2ua6 /e/-sisi 4an1 men0a.i @a,t- a,ti8itas ini9 4aitu : "5 Tentan1 O/ti, O/tic atau mata a.a3a6 e3emen /en13i6atan 4an1 2e/ean .a3am

men4ens-

a.e1an=a.e1an

4an1

tean1,ai

,eti,a

me3a,u,an /e0a3anan mene3usu uan1 ,-ta mem2entu, serial vision5

Ke,-ntasan

anta

e3emen

uan1

,-ta

cen.eun1

men1uat,an sens- 3e2i6 .a3am saat me3i6at9 .i2an.in1,an .en1an ,em-n-t-nan se2ua6 a.e1an5 Ia te2a1i .a3am .ua e3emen su.ut /an.an1 4a,ni tam/i3an e,sistin1 a/a 4an1 a.a< .an tam/i3an 4an1 muncu35 Ke.ua 6a3 ini a,an men16asi3,an se2ua6 situasi em-si-na3 tetentu /a.a /en13i6at5 *5 Tentan1 P3ace Sense of place .iati,an se2a1ai ea,si tu2u6 ,e2ea.aan se,e3i3in1n4a5

atau Saat

/-sisi

2a.an

mene3usui

,ita uan1

/a.a ,-ta9

te6a.a/

3in1,un1an tu2u6

.i

a,an

measa,an sensasi se.an1 memasu,i9 se.an1 2ea.a .i .a3am9


.an se.an1 ,e3ua .ai5 Sensasi tese2ut .i/en1au6i -3e6 @a,t- /enca6a4aan se6in11a 2e/en1au6 a,an a.an4a 2a4an1an eposure<9

.an

0u1a

,un1,un1an

4an1

mem2atasi

0aa,

/an.an1 ,ita enclosure<5 %5 Tentan1 ,-nten Stu,tu /em2entu, 7a0a6 ,-ta me3i/uti 7ana9 te,stu s,a3a9 1a4a9 ,aa,te9 ,e/i2a.ian9 .an ,euni,an5 Se2ua6 ,-ta 4an1 te3a6 3ama te2entu, a,an menam/i3a,an ,ea1aman stu,tu 7a0a6n4a9 4an1 0u1a menan.ai 2e2a1ai /ei-.e .an 1a4a asite,tua3 4an1 te3a6 .i3a3uin4a5 >asi3n4a a.a3a6 ,-ta tese2ut a,an men1um/u3,an /encam/uan 1a4a9 mateia3 .an s,a3a 4an1 2ea1am5

ELEMEN TOWNSCAPE

Menuut Tu1nutt .an R-2ets-n ")(&< .a3am 2u,un4a !aking Townscape " A Contetual Approach to #uilding in An $rban Setting9 .in4ata,an 2a67a /en.e,atan ,-nte,stua3 .a3am meancan1 7a0a6 ,-ta ta, 3e/as .ai ,aa,teisti, ta/a, itu sen.ii5 %&ood townscape can be achieve only by responding to the individual characteristics of the site it self' Tu1nutt an. R-2ets-n9 ")(&<5 Townscape 4an1 2ai, .a/at .ica/ai 6an4a .en1an menan11a/i ,aa,teisti, ta/a, tese2ut5 E3emen ,-ta 4an1 memi3i,i ,aa,te untu, /eni3aian townscape antaa 3ain : "5 Ja3an As/e, 4an1 6aus .i/e6ati,an .a3am mem2e.a,an ,aa,te 0a3an me3i/uti : a5 Ke2ea.aann4a

4an1

meu/a,an

2a1ian

.e/an

atau

2e3a,an1 2an1unan9 untu, mem2e.a,an as/e, se8isn4a5 25 Jenis ,en.aaan a/a sa0a 4an1 .a/at men1a,sesn4a5 c5 !e2a 0a3an /e,easan5 .5 un1si 4an1 men1e3i3in1in4a5 *5 Gan1


Pen11una 1an1 2iasan4a a.a3a6 /e0a3an ,a,i 4an1 memi3i,i 1ea, 3am2at5 Gan1 memi3i,i /-tensi untu, mem2e ,esan intim saat .i3a3ui ,aena 3an1,an4a ,en.aaan .an suasana tenan19 se3ain itu 0u1a ,aena 0aa, anta 2an1unan 4an1 sem/it5 Namun9 ,ita a,an ,esu3itan me3i6at ,ese3uu6an 7a0a6 2an1unan /a.a saat 2e0a3an .iantaan4a9 ,ecua3i ,ita 2ea.a /a.a se2ean1 2an1unan .an me3i6at .ai 0en.e3a5

%5 Suae .an uan1 /u23ic E3emen /em2entu, uan1 /u23ic 4an1 6aus .i/e6ati,an ia3a6 : 2an1unan=2an1unan in.i8i.ua39 ,e3-m/-, 2an1unan9 .an uan1 te2u,a 4an1 te2entu, .ai susunan 2an1unan5 #5 P-0-, .ai sim/an1an Ba1ian ti,un1an 0a3an meu/a,an tem/at 4an1 mu.a6 .ia,ses .ai 2e2a1ai /en0uu9 .an mam/u mem/e6ati,an tam/i3an % .imensi5 Ban1unan 4an1 te.a/at .i uan1 /-0-, memi3i,i /-tensi se2a1ai landmark suatu tem/at5 +5 !an.ma, Ban1unan 4an1 memi3i,i ,aa,te 2e2e.a .ai se,itan4a9 a,an menim2u3,an ,e,-ntasan .an men0a.i menc-3-,5 Mii/ se/eti uan1 /-0-, .i /esim/an1an9 ta/a, men4-3-, ini memi3i,i /-tensi se2a1ai landmark 5 an1 mem2e.a,an ia3a6 2an1unan teseut .a/at .i3i6at .ai 0aa, 0au69 .an .a/at men0a.i si3uet 3ata atau (gure 4an1 a,6in4a .a/at men0a.i ,eistime7aan atau cii ,-ta5

FASADE SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI TOWNSCAPE

asa.e se2a1ai 2atasan 4an1 me3in1,u/i 0a3an ,-ta san1at te,ait eat .en1an /em2entu,an t-7nsca/e5 asa.e meu/a,an e3emen 8isua3 ,-ta 4an1 a,an se3a3u tam/i3 .i6a.a/an mas4aa,at .a3am uan1 ,-ta5 Menuut dictionary of architecture ) contruction te2itan C-3um2ia


Uni8ecit4 *'';< @asa.e a.a3a6 “The eterior face of a building which is the architectural front, sometimes distinguished from the other faces by elaboration of architectural or ornamental details' 5 asa.e 2e@un1si se2a1ai /em2e.a anta 2an1unan ,aena memi3i,i /e2e.aan .ai se1i e3a2-asi asite,tua3 atau .etai3 -namenn4a5 Be2e.a .en1an @asa.e9 @un1i .ai .in.in1 a.a3a6 mem2etu, 3in1,u/an atas sesuatu5 Masi6 .ai sum2e 4an1 sama9 .in.in1 a.a3a6 %A structure which serves to enclose or subdivide a building, usually presenting a continous surface ecept where penetrated by doors, windows, and the like'. Din.in1 3e2i6 .itu0u,an se2a1ai @un1si /em2atas antaa uan1 .a3am .an 3ua9 se.an1,an -nament 4an1 a.a 6an4a3a6 se2a1ai /en.u,un19 se/eti /intu .an 0en.e3a5 Buc6anan ")((< .a3am tu3isann4a 4an1 2e0u.u3 A *eport from the +ront 9 men0a3s,an tentan1 /eanan @asa.e .a3am ,-ta5 asa.e se2a1ai /em2entu, uan1 ,-ta san1at te,ait eat .en1an tam/i3an 7a0a6 ,-ta 4an1 nantin4a .i6asi3,an5 Namun sein1,a3i /eancan1 ,uan1 me3a,u,an ,-m/-mi saat mem2uat se2ua6 2an1unan9 se6in11a ti.a, te0a.i ,e6am-nisan .en1an tetan11an4a5 Se2a1ai cita .ai ,ea.aan ,-ta 4an1 se.an1 2e3an1un19 @asa.e se6ausn4a mem2e

an1san1an

2a1i /eni,mat

,-ta

i,ut te3i2at

menci/ta,an @asa.e 4an1 sesuai .en1an ,ein1inan mee,a5 %All factor in faade composition encourage the viewer not to -ust notice but in various way to engage to subliminally interact in the imagination/ with the faade' Buc6anan9 "))(<5

KEGAGALAN TOWNSCAPE

Wa0a6 ,-ta atau townscape 2e,aitan eat .en1an /ese/si 8isua3 te6a.a/ tam/i3an 4an1 muncu3 ,eti,a se.an1 mene3usui ,-ta tese2ut5 Meancan1 7a0a6 ,-ta tentun4a 2emuaa /a.a 6asi3 tam/i3an 4an1


.i2ei,an atas susunan 2an1unan 4an1 a.a5 Menuut Tu1nutt .an R-2ets-n

")(&<

.a3am

2u,un4a

!aking

Townscape9

/en.e,atan

meancan1 townscape9 .en1an me3i6at ,-nte,s ia3a6 4an1 te2ai, untu, .i3a,u,an /a.a se,aan1 ini5

A5 KETIDAKSE!ARASAN ANTAR BANGUNAN Pe,em2an1an 1a4a asite,tu

se/eti

.i

In11is

te3a6

men16asi3,an .inami,a .a3am 7a0a6 ,-tan4a5 Menuut Tu1nutt .an R-2ets-n ")(&<9 In11is memi3i,i 2ea1am 1a4a antaa 3ain 1a4a Ge-1ia9 1ea,an Art and Craft 9 1a4a G-t6ic9 Pa33a.ia9 .an 3ain se2a1ain4a9 .imana 1a4a=1a4a tese2ut 2emuncu3an .i Pei-.e Fict-ia a2a. "(<5 Di masa itu9 2an1unan umumn4a a.a3a6 6unian .eet mem2entu, 2aisan

@asa.e 4an1 men16a.a/ ,e 0a3an

se6in11a mem2entu, cita townscape .aea6 setem/at5 Namun9 setia/ 2an1unan 4an1 2e.ii sen.ii .en1an 1a4a masin1=masin1 0ustu mem2uat ,e,6asan 4an1 ,a2u5 Ta6un ")%)  ")(' atau ea /asca /ean1 .unia te3a6 menim2u3,an 2an4a, ,eusa,an5 In11is

mem2an1un ,em2a3i

,-tan4a secaa /a,tis men11una,an 1a4a m-.en5 >a3 ini 0u1a .i/icu -3e6 menin1,atn4a /emu,iman ,umu6 4an1 men.--n1 /e3un4a /em2an1unan ,-ta5 Pem2an1unan saat itu .isea6,an ,e/a.a

/en1em2an19

2u,an

,e/a.a

mas4aa,at5

Ke,acauan

townscape ma,in 2uu, a,i2at u3a6 /aa asite, 4an1 cen.eun1 men1i,uti ten Amei,a 4aitu 2an1unan 2e.ii sen.ii tan/a men4esuai,an .en1an 3in1,un1an se,itan4a seta me3u/a,an /entin1n4a mem2entu, uan1 /u23ic Tu1nutt H R-2ets-n9 ")(&<5 Kiti, 4an1 .ia0u,an -3e6 Tu1nutt .an R-2ets-n ")(&< antaa 3ain

/e3un4a

a,si

/e2ai,an

@asa.e

,-ta

In11is

.en1an

men1acu/a.a /e6itun1an 6am-nisasi /-/-si anta @asa.e setia/ 2an1unann4a5 Ke2ea.an 2an1unan 6aus men.u,un1 satu sama 3ain9 su/a4a ti.a, a.a 2an1unan 4an1 tea2ai,an9 atau 0ustu te3a3u


tim/an1 .en1an ,ese3aasan /encitaan townscape ,-ta 4an1 .iin1in,an5 B5 MUNCU!NA RUANG AMBIGU !OST SPACE< Pem2a6asan .etai3 tentan1 3-st s/ace te3a6 .i3a,u,an -3e6 Tanci, ")(;< .a3am 2u,un4a 4an1 2e0u.u3 +inding 0ost Space5 Di masa se,aan19 2an4a, 2emuncu3an @en-mena uan1 ,-ta 4an1 2e,aa,te am2i1u atau .ise2ut 3-st s/ace9 ,aena : "5 Ruan1 tese2ut ti.a, tei.enti,asi ,e/emi3i,ann4a5 *5 Jau6 .ai aea /e0a3an ,a,i5 %5 Pea7atann4a ti.a, .i/e6ati,an -3e6 sia/a/un5 Pen4e2a2 te2entu,n4a 3-st s/ace antaa 3ain ,aean 1ea,an M-.enisme 4an1 .itea/,an -3e6 /aa asite, .a3am meancan1 uan1 ,-s-n15 Ke2ea.aan 0a3an 4an1 .i,6usus,an @un1sin4a se2a1ai 3intasan m-2i3 mem2uat /e0a3an ,a,i ,uan1 .i/e6ati,an -3e6 /eancan15 Ruan1 3ua se2a1ai tem/at /etemuan /u23ic .i/in.a6,an ,e .a3am 2an1unan5 Semua ini men1a,i2at,an 3-st s/ace9 se2a1ai c-nt-6 : 0a3an 3a4an1 .an /un11un1 2an1unan5

TOWNSCAPE SEBAGAI TEORI NORMATIF

Te-i n-mati@ a.a3a6 /an.an1an9 /en.a/at9 atau/un /en4ataan /aa a63i 4an1 umumn4a 2e,ecim/un1 .a3am 2i.an1 /-@esi-na39 se/eti /eencana9

/eancan19 atau/un

e,-n-m9

men1enai “sesuatu 4an1

se6ausn4a .i3a,u,an atau .i/e2uat a1a men0a.i 3e2i6 2ai,”5 Te-i n-mati@ mem/etan4a,an tentan1 2a1aimana se6ausn4a asite,tu 2e/ean .a3am -na ,emas4aa,atan seta ni3ai s-cia3 tetentu9 se6in11a /a.a

1i3iann4a

a,an

mam/u

mem/en1au6i

,e/e,aan

a/esiasi9

e8a3uasi .an antisi/asi te6a.a/ @en-mena asite,tu .i masa 3am/au9 masa ,ini9 .an masa men.atan15 Te-i townscape 4an1 .i,emu,a,an -3e6 G-.-n Cu33en9 Tu1nutt H R-2ets-n a.a3a6 te-i n-mati@5 Paa /a,a ini 2eusa6a men1un1,a/,an


/en.a/at

seta

,iti,an

mee,a

te6a.a/

/e,em2an1an

.unia

/eancan1an ,-ta saat ini5 Mee,a 0u1a men1un1,a/,an 2a1aimana ,-ta se6ausn4a

.iancan19

2u,an

6an4a

mementin1,an

tam/i3an

si,

2an1unan namun 0u1a /e3u memi,i,an 2a1aimana ,-ta tese2ut mem2ei,an ,esan 2a1i /aa /en1amatn4a 4an1 .a3am 6a3 ini a.a3a6 7a1a ,-ta mau/un /aa /en.atan1 4an1 me3intasi 0a3an=0a3an .i ,-ta tese2ut5

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Cu33en9 G-.-n5 ");"<5 Townscape5 !-n.-n Cu33en9 G-.-n5 ");"<5 The Concise Townscape5 !-n.-n : Ac6itectua3 Pess Tanci,9 R-1e5 ")(;<5 +inding 0ost Space5 Ne7 -, Ant6-n4 Tu1nutt an. R-2ets-n9 Ma,5 ")(&<5 !aking Townscape, A Contetual Approach to #uilding in an $rban Setting5 !-n.-n 6tt/:$$3aciasi/57-./ess5c-m$tu3isan$,-m/i3asi=tu3isan$su.a.0at=i7an$ 6tt/s:$$i3mutata,-ta57-./ess5c-m$*'""$'+$

Townscape - Gordon Cullen

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