LAB : 4 LAB : Traffic Noise Study NO. TITLE LEVEL OF OPENNESS : Level CLASS : EC110 5F GROUP LEADER: STUDENT NO: GROUP MEMBERS NO. NAME STUDENT NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Muhammad Akmal Bin Yahya Mohammad QaidHaziq Bin Izhar Nik Muhamad Harith Bin Nik Rusli Atiqah Zahirah Binti Mohamad Amran Nurin Adlina Binti Mohd Roslan
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
: 21st 2016
SIGNATUR E
STUDENT 1 2 3
INDIVIDUAL IN-LAB ACTIVITIES PUNCTUALITIY DISCIPLINE (DRESS CODE,SAFETY SHOES,SAFETY REGULATIONS) KNOWLEDGE ON OPEN ENDED LABORATORY GROUP IN-LAB ACTIVITIES LEADERSHIP SKILL COMMUNICATION ORGANISATION/TEAMWORK LAB REPORT INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA DISCUSSION OF RESULT CONCLUSION
LECTURER’S SIGNATURE:
July
REMARK
2014894858 2014468582 2014421554 2014249374 2014686014
ASSESSMENT OF THE LAB ACTIVITIES NO. ELEMENT TO ASSESS
1 2
DAT E
REMARKS:
UiTM Pahang Faculty of Civil Engineering
ECG 354 – HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
THE REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED 1 WEEK AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE LAB.
4
5
Introduction The noise from the traffic considered as a pollution if exceed the allowable limit. The high traffic noise level will disturb the surrounding area Thus; the traffic noise level should be controlled and measured in order to ensure that the environment is free from the noise pollution.
Objectives 1. To measures the pattern of existing noise levels 2. To perform the statistical analysis on noise samples collected and interpret the results obtained.
Learning Outcomes At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to: 1. Identify the right tools to carry out the appropriate traffic noise study. 2. Analyse test data and present the solution in proper technical format. 3. Work in a group to undertake the task and produce the relevant technical report.
Theoretical background Noise has been long considered as one type of pollution. This problem affected most residential housing particularly in urban area. Mostly noise pollution is come from highway with heavy traffic. Volume of traffic, speed and perhaps also type of vehicles contribute mostly to the noise pollution. Excessive noise from traffic can cause annoyance to daily activities, disturb rest (especially sleep) and disrupt communication. Thus, decrease the overall quality of life. However, people perceptions and awareness toward limitation of noise pollution may be varying. Type of residential housing, exposure, community and areas may be affected people opinions on noise pollution.
The study of noise may be done to measure level of noise pollution and its impact towards a particular area. From that study, action may be taken to provide adequate noise control measures such as construction of a noise barrier.
WHO Recommended Health Criteria of noise limit for daytime is 55 dB and for night time is 45 dB. While in Malaysia, the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) recommended a Guideline for Limiting Sound Level (LAeq) from Road Traffic (For Proposed New Roads and/or Redevelopment of Existing Roads) from The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control (2004). Table 1 below listed those guidelines.
Table 1:Guideline for Limiting sound Level from Road Traffic
Apparatus 1. Traffic noise tester
Procedure 1. Select and sketch the layout of the study area (proper and strategic location), located at the Block I & J in UITM 2. Record the sound level of moving vehicle using the sound level meter. 3. Observe and record the data at 15 seconds interval in the data sheet for duration of 45 minutes.
Data Analysis Table 1: Data collected Int 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 375 390 405 420 435 450 465 480 495 510 525 540
db 69.20 54.70 58.40 53.90 65.40 67.50 60.90 64.20 55.30 50.90 64.20 47.30 56.20 54.00 55.00 67.30 65.30 52.50 69.60 55.60 69.10 54.00 52.90 67.30 51.70 49.00 50.60 47.90 52.20 61.00 61.10 64.40 60.90 64.40 51.30 64.30
Int 555 570 585 600 615 630 645 660 675 690 705 720 735 750 765 780 795 810 825 840 855 870 885 900 915 930 945 960 975 990 1005 1020 1035 1050 1065 1080
db 56.50 55.30 49.50 49.50 57.50 65.90 61.90 61.70 74.20 56.60 71.30 61.50 55.20 60.50 57.40 52.60 49.40 52.20 58.40 53.10 54.50 60.90 63.10 55.70 62.50 54.40 63.90 62.40 65.60 66.60 57.40 62.40 79.20 71.10 64.40 53.10
Int 1095 1110 1125 1140 1155 1170 1185 1200 1215 1230 1245 1260 1275 1290 1305 1320 1335 1350 1365 1380 1395 1410 1425 1440 1455 1470 1485 1500 1515 1530 1545 1560 1575 1590 1605 1620
db 59.20 51.20 60.90 55.80 51.20 62.30 51.80 54.10 54.60 49.60 65.00 55.50 61.80 64.60 75.50 61.40 56.50 56.60 59.30 57.80 57.60 73.90 52.80 55.40 49.30 68.60 89.90 52.90 59.90 54.70 64.10 60.60 64.90 67.80 59.10 60.20
Int 1635 1650 1665 1680 1695 1710 1725 1740 1755 1770 1785 1800 1815 1830 1845 1860 1875 1890 1905 1920 1935 1950 1965 1980 1995 2010 2025 2040 2055 2070 2085 2100 2115 2130 2145 2160
db 54.90 58.70 65.30 66.70 49.80 47.70 58.80 64.20 59.50 58.90 48.60 59.00 50.40 45.00 55.00 52.60 68.60 50.80 47.20 52.10 55.10 54.20 57.40 68.70 59.10 51.10 47.10 45.90 49.70 61.10 52.70 56.20 72.20 50.50 48.90 62.30
Int 2175 2190 2205 2220 2235 2250 2265 2280 2295 2310 2325 2340 2355 2370 2385 2400 2415 2430 2445 2460 2475 2490 2505 2520 2535 2550 2565 2580 2595 2610 2625 2640 2655 2670 2685 2700
db 54.20 54.50 64.50 46.50 49.50 52.60 47.50 52.70 49.10 48.30 55.70 49.20 54.40 54.70 46.70 66.60 57.80 63.00 56.50 53.30 52.90 68.90 46.90 54.00 52.50 48.70 52.10 53.80 51.30 47.30 64.50 46.40 50.90 49.00 58.80 59.80
Table 2: Data
Noise Group (dB) 40 – 44.9 45 – 49.9 50 – 54.9 55 – 59.9 60 – 64.9 65 – 69.9 70 – 74.9 75 – 79.9 80 – 84.9 85 – 89.9
Frequen cy, f
Percenta ge of frequenc y (%)
Cumulati ve frequenc y
Percenta ge of cumulati ve frequenc y (%)
42.45
0
0
0
0
0
226.80
0
47.45
27
15
27
15
1281.1 5
101.20
2732.5
52.45
50
27.8
77
42.8
2622.5
25.60
1280.1 8
57.45
39
21.7
116
64.4
0.00
0.1404
62.45
35
19.4
151
83.9
67.45
21
11.7
172
95.6
72.45
5
2.8
177
77.45
2
1.1
82.45
0
87.45
Mid group noise, v (dB)
TOTAL
(v-u)2
fv
2240.5 5 2185.7 5 1416.4 5
24.40
98.3
362.25
223.20
179
99.4
154.9
397.60
0
179
99.4
0
622.00
1
0.6
180
100
87.45
896.40
180
100
100
10351
2616.0 4
180
Sample Calculations :
1. Arithmetic mean noise level,
u=
∑ fv N
10351 = 180 = 57.51 db
2. Standard deviation , δ =
√
∑ f (v−u)2 n−1
98.80
f(v-u)2
854.12 6 2074.8 8 1116.0 2 795.20 7 0 896.40 4 9749.4 5
¿
√
9749.45 179
¿ 7.38 db
Frequency Histogram
Frequency Histogram 30 25 20 15 Percentage of Frequency, %
10 5 0
Noise, dB
Frequency Distribution Curve
Frequency Distribution Curve 30 25 20 Percentage of Frequency, %
Y-Values
15 10 5 0.6 0 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Noise, dB
Cumulative Frequency Curve
Cumulative Frequency Curve
Percentage of Cumulative Curve, %
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Noise, dB
P15, 15 percentile noise = 46 dB P50, 50 percentile noise = 54 dB P85, 85 percentile noise = 65dB P95, 95 percentile noise = 69 dB
Discussion Early in the planning stages of most highway projects, highway agencies do a traffic noise study. The purpose of the study is to determine if the proposed highway will create any traffic noise problems. We have conducted the traffic noise study in UiTM which is in front of blok I and J . The choices for our location will affect our data analysis for the loudness. There were no many vehicles passing through the roadway. Thus, the values for the loudness are not very high and it is between the range of 40db-90db. We have used traffic noise tester or known as sound level meter in order to determine the loudness of traffic at the location. The traffic noise tester can be used directly; power on, set the sound source and read the result. Based on the data tabulated a few vehicles have been observed during the traffic noise for 45 min duration. According to data obtained, the arithmetic mean, u are 57.51 db. While the median noise, v for these data are 54 db. So that the median class is 50-54.9 db. The standard deviation calculated based on data is 7.38 db. Generally, the loudness of traffic noise is increased by heavier traffic volume, higher speeds and greater numbers of trucks. Vehicle noise is a combination of the noise produces by the engine, exhaust, and tires. The loudness of traffic noise can also be increased by defective mufflers or other faulty equipment on vehicles. Any condition (such as steep incline) that causes heavy labouring of motor vehicle engines will also increase traffic noise levels. In addition, there are other more complicated factors that affect the loudness of traffic noise.
Error during experiment 1
While taking a reading, the noise of car collide with other car. So, the reading unclear.
2
Take a reading during other activities was happen like construction activity.
3
Error on instrument like the sound level meter damage.
4
Human error - during the process of reading data.
5
The data may also be affected when the members in our group were talking to each other.
All of the above errors are caused by the sensitiveness of the traffic noise tester. As what we observed, the traffic noise tester is so sensitive in which it can detects sound even though the sound is in very lower range.
3 CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, we have achieved the objectives for this traffic noise study which is to measure the pattern of existing noise levels. The values of the loudness are not very high because there were no many vehicles pass through the roadway. The traffic noise level is higher because the speed of the vehicle that passes through the roadway is high. The speed of the vehicle is higher because there are no other vehicles on the roadway and the condition of the roadway is free flow. Based on the result, the high level of traffic noise is because there are some lorries pass through the roadway. We can conclude that the pattern of existing noise level in the location is variable which means that the traffic noise came from a variety of sources and different level of loudness.
REFERENCE 1. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/noise_measurement.html 2. https://www.pce-instruments.com/english/measuring-instruments/test-meters/soundlevel-meter-noise-level-meter-kat_40095_1.htm 3. http://www.noiselevelmeter.com/applications/traffic-noise-measurement/
