FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POWER LAB
TRANSIENT MOTOR STARTING EXPERIMENT 1
Analysis on Test System 1 EXPERIMENT 2
Analysis on Test System 2 EXPERIMENT 3
Analysis on IEEE Recommended Power System Analysis network
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EXPERIMENTAL THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION
Basically, these experiments deals with simulation and analysis of three phase induction motor in power system network. Load (induction motor) is one of the factors contribute to unstable power systems. This is because, starting large induc tion motor will produce voltage drop, draw high current and create high loss in active power. “SKM Power Tools for Windows” is a simulation software package use for design and analysis of electrical power systems. Manual calculation analysis is is very tedious process for getting the result, which open up into calculation error especially for complex system. This software is suitable for analyze complex system which helps in time reduction and occurrence of calculation error if compare to analysis by manual.
1.1
Objective
(i) (i)
Reco Recogni gnize ze the the norma normall prob proble lems ms tha thatt alwa always ys hap happen pen in in indus industr tria iall power power sys syste tem m when three phase induction motors are used;
(ii) (ii)
To unde underst rstand and the behavi behavior, or, charac character terist istics ics and perfor performan mance ce of of thre threee phase phase induction motor in power system; and
(iii) (iii)
To unders understan tand d the effec effectt of start starting ing larg largee three three phase phase induct induction ion moto motors rs to to the local local power system
1.2
Scope
(i) (i)
Analys Analysis is of tran transie sient nt moto motorr start starting ing base base on manual manual calcul calculati ation on and and softw software are..
(ii) (ii)
Simu Simula lati tion on via via “SKM “SKM Pow Power er Tool Toolss for for Wind Windows ows”” softw softwar aree packa package ge..
(iii (iii))
Anal Analys ysis is of IEE IEEE E Indu Indust stri rial al Powe Powerr Sys Syste tems ms..
1.3
Need for Motor Starting Study
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electrically remote from the point of motor starting. A brief discussion of major problems associated with starting large motors, and therefore of significant in power system design and evaluation.
1.3 1.3.1
Voltag tage Dips
Probably the most widely recognize and studied effect of motor starting is the voltage dip experienced throughout an industrial power system as a direct result of starting large induction motors. Available accelerating torque drops appreciably at the motor bus as voltage dips to a lower value, extending the starting interval and affecting, some times adversely, overall motor starting performance. During motor starting, voltage level at the motor terminals should be maintained at approximately 80 % of rated voltage. This value result from examination of speed-torque characteristic of this type motor (150 % starting torque at full voltage) and the desire to successfully accelerate a fully loaded motor at reduced voltage (that is, torque varies with the square of the voltage).
When other motors or lower shaft loading are involve, the speed torque characteristic of both the motor and its load should be examined to specially determine minimum acceptable voltage. Assuming reduced voltage permits adequate accelerating torque, it should also be verified that the longer starting interval required at reduced torque cause by a voltage dip does not result in the I 2t damage limit of the motor being exceed.
1.3. 1.3.2 2
Weak We ak Sour Source ce Ge Gene nera rati tion on
Smaller power systems are usually served by limited capacity sources, which generally magnify voltage drop problems on motor starting, especially when large
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Small systems also often have limited on-site on-site generation, which further complicates normal problem since additional voltage drops occur in transient impedance of local generators during the motor starting interval the type of voltage regulator system applied with the generators can dramatically influence motor starting.
A motor starting study can be useful, even for analyzing the performance of small system. SKM power tools can accurately model regulator response under motor starting conditions necessary for meaningful result and conclusion.
1.3.3 1.3.3
Speci Sp ecial al Torqu Torquee Requir Requirem emen entt
Sometimes special load must be accelerated under carefully controlled condition without exceeding specified torque limitation of the equipment. An example of this is starting a motor connected to a load trough gearing. This application requires a special period of low torque cushioned acceleration to allow slack the gear and coupling to be picked up without damage to the equipment.
High inertia loads increase motor starting time, and heating in the motor due to high current drawn during starting can be intolerable. In TMS study, allows accurate values of motor acceleration current and time. This makes it possible to determine if thermal limits of standard motor will be exceed for longer starting time intervals. Other loads have special starting torque requirements or accelerating time limits that require special high starting torque (and inrush) motors.
Additionally, the starting torque of the load or process may not permit low inrush motors in situation where these motors might reduce the voltage dips cause by starting a motor having standard inrush characteristics. A simple inspection of the motor and load speed-torque curves is not sufficient to determine whether such problems exist. This is
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1.3.4 1.3.4
Analy Analyzi zing ng Starti Starting ng Requ Require ireme ment nt
A speed-torque and accelerating time study often in conjunction with the previously discussed voltage dips study permits a means of exploring a variety of possible motor speed torque characteristic.
This type of motor starting study confirms that starting time are within acceptable limits. The accelerating study assists in establishing the necessary thermal damage characteristic of motors or verifies that machines with locked rotor protection sup ervised by speed switches will not experience nuisance tripping on starting. Speed-torque / accelerating time motor starting study is also used to verify special torque or inrush characteristics, specified to actually produce desire result.
Mechanical equipment requirement and special ratings necessary for motor starting auxiliary equipments are bases on information developed from motor starting study.
1.4 1.4
Type of Motor Sta Starting ting Study
From the above discussion, it is clearly that depending on the factors of concern in any specific motor starting situation, more type of motor starting study can be required.
1.4. 1.4.1 1
Thee Volt Th Voltag agee Drop Drop Sna Snaps psho hott
One method of examining the effect of voltage dip during starting is to ensure the maximum instantaneous drop that occurs, leaves bus voltage at acceptable levels throughout the system. This is done by examining the power system that corresponds to
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generator transient impedances when appropriate, machine inertias, load characteristics and other transient effect are usually ignored. This type of study, while certainly an approximation is often sufficient for many applications.
1.4.2
The Motor Motor Torqu Torquee and and Accele Accelerat ration ion Time Time Analysis Analysis
Perhaps the most exciting analysis for motor starting for motor starting conditions is the detailed speed-torque analysis. Similar to the transient stability study ( some can also be used to accurately investigate motor starting ), speed-torque analysis provides electrical and accelerating torque calculation for specified time intervals during the motor starting period.
Motor slip, load and motor torque, terminal voltage magnitude and angle, and the complex value of motor current drawn are values to be examined at time zero at the end of each time interval. Under certain circumstances, even across-the line starting, the motor may not be able to break away from standstill or it may stall at some speed b efore acceleration is complete. A speed-torque analysis, especially when performed using a computer program, and possibly in combination with one or more previously discuss studies, can predict these problem areas and an d allow corrections to be made before difficulties arise. When special starting techniques are necessary, such as autotransformer reduced voltage starting, speed-torque analysis can account for the autotransformer magnetizing current and it can determine the optimum time to switch the transformer out of the circuit.
The starting performance of wound rotor motors is examined through this type. A particular adaptation can require a slight modification of any of the above studies to be of greatest usefulness. Often combinations of several types of studies described are required
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EXPERIMENT 1: TEST SYSTEM 1
Figure 1 Input data ALL PU VALUES ARE EXPRESSED ON A 100 MVA BASE. FEEDER INPUT DATA
NAME
CBL-0001
FROM BUS-0002
TO BUS-0003
Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
QTY 1
Kv
LENGTH SIZE TYPE
3300 1000.0m
Insulation Type: PLC
25
Copper
Insulation Class:
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NAME
NO NAME
XF2-0002 BUS-0001
L-L (kV)
NO NAME L-L (kV)
D 69000.0 BUS-0003
KVA
KVA
YG 3300.00 10000.0 10000.0
Pos. Seq. Z%:
0.710 + J 8.97 0.071 + j 0.897 PU
Zero Seq. Z%:
0.710 + J 8.97 0.071 + j 0.897 PU
Taps Pri. 0.000 % Sec. 0.000 % Phase Shift (Pri. Leading Sec.): Sec.): 30.00 Deg.
GENERATION DATA
BUS NAME
GENERATION VOLT
SIZE
BUS-0001
GEN-0003
100 MVA 0.00000 0.00000
1 pu
InitKW MaxKVAR TYPE SB
ENERGY AUDIT LOADS
BUS
LOAD NAME
VOLTS SIZE
BUS-0002
LOAD-0001
3300
BUS-0003
LOAD-0002
3300
LOADTYPE
PF
LAG/LEAD
0.8*1.00MVA KVA
0.80
LAG
0.4*1.00MVA KVA
0.80
LAG
MOTOR LOAD DATA
BUS
LOAD NAME
VOLT
SIZE
#
TYPE EFF
PF
BUS-0002
MTRI-0001
3300
500.0* 1 HP
KVA 0.80
0.80 LAG
BUS-0003
MTRI-0002
3300
800.0* 1 HP
KVA 0.80
0.80 LAG
Method
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Load Flow Solution (Gauss-Siedel Method)
Impedance between buses; Z 12
= 0.075 +
Z 24
=
0.071
+
j 0.15
=
j 0.8972
0.1677 ∠63 .44 ° =
0.9∠85 .48 °
Z 23 = 0.071 + j 0.8972 = 0.9∠85 .48 ° Z 34 = 8.2548 + j 0.7170 = 8.286 ∠4.97 °
For admittance between buses; 1
= 5.963 ∠ − 63 .44 ° =
Y 12
=
Y 24
=
Y 23
=
Y 34
=
Y 11
= Y 12
Y 22
= Y 21 +Y 23 +Y 24
Z 12
1 Z 24
1 Z 23
1 Z 34
2.6663
−
j5.334
= 1.1111 ∠ − 85 .48 ° = 0.0876 −
j1.1076
= 1.1111 ∠ − 85 .48 ° = 0.0876 −
j1.1076
= 0.1207 ∠ − 4.97 ° =
0.1202
−
j 0.0104
= 2.6663 − j 5 .3340 + 0.0876 − j1.1076 + 0.0876 − j1.1076 = 0.2078 − j1.118 =1.1137 ∠−79 .47 °
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Y= 5.963 ∠− 63 .44 ° − 5.963 ∠− 63 .44 ° 0 0
− 5.963 ∠− 63 .44 ° 0 0 8.0663 ∠− 69 .37 ° −1.1111 ∠−85 .48 ° −1.1111 ∠−85 .48 ° 1.1370 ∠− 79 .47 −1.1111 ∠−85 .48 − 0.1207 ∠− 4.964 −1.1111 ∠−85 .48 ° − 0.1207 ∠− 4.96 ° 1.1370 ∠− 79 .47 °
Iteration for V 2 ;
− 0.0 1 7 8 2+7 j70.0 9 0 0 8 2 2 V 2 = 0.1 2 ∠4 6 9.3 7° − ( − 5.9 6 ∠3 − 6 3.4 4° ) ( 1.0∠ 0° ) 1.0∠ 0° − 0.0 1 7 8 2+7 j70.0 9 0 0 8+222.6 6 6 −3 j5.3 3 4 +4 0.0 8 7 −6 j1.1 0 7 = 0.1 2 ∠4 6 9.3 7° + 0.0 8 7 −6 j1.1 0 7 6 1
[
= = =
]
0.1 2 ∠4 6 9.3 7° 2.8 2 3 −7 j 7.4 5 9 1
[
0.1 2 ∠4 6 9.3 77.9 7 5∠7 − 6 9.2 7° 0.9 8 9∠00.1 0 °4 2
= 0.9888 ∠0.104 °
3
=
V 2
V 2
0.9881 ∠0.107 °
]
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− 0.0 0 9 4+ 8 j50.0 3 5 6 5 4 + ( 0.0 8 7− 6 j1.1 0 7) ( 06.9 8 8∠ 01.1 0 ) 7 V = 0.8 7 9∠ 47 9.4 7° 1.0∠ 0° + 0.1 2 0 −2 j30.0 1 0 4 = 0.8 7 9∠ 47 9.4 7° [ − 0.0 0 9 4+ 8 j50.0 3 5 6+ 50.40 8 8 7− j51.0 9 4+ 20.1 2 0− 2 j0.0 1 0] = 0.8 7 9∠ 47 9.4 7° [ 0.1 9 9 4− 9 j15.0 6 8 9] 4 6 = 0.8 7 9∠ 47 9.4 7° [ 1.0 8 7∠ 0− 7 9.4 5° ] = 0.9 5 6∠ 30.0 2° 1
3
V 3 = 0.9555 ∠0.01 ° 2
3 V 3 = 0.9545 ∠0.01 °
V 34 = 0.9545 ∠0.04 °
Iteration for V 4 ; − 0.008003 + j 0.050433 + 0.08875 − j1.0942 + 0.1148 − j 0.6699 1.0∠0° = 0.8794 ∠79 .47 [0.195087 − j1.05367 ] = 0.8794 ∠79 .47 °[1.0716 ∠79 .51 °]
V 41 = 0.8794 ∠79 .47 °
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S 1
∗
=V 1 I 1
[
]
=1.0∠0° 0.0680 ∠73 .0° = 0.01988
+ J 0.06502
Summary of manual calculation Slack Bus Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4
P 0.01988 -0.01783 -0.00948 -0.00800
Q 0.06502 -0.09008 -0.03566 -0.05043
Comparison of manual calculation and skm result |V|
|V| 1.0 0.9881 0.9545 0.9396
δ
0 0.104 0.04 -0.03
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Figure 2 Input data
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BUS NAME GENERATION VOLT BUS-0001
GEN-0001 KG:
SIZE
InitKW MaxKVAR TYPE
69000.0 100.0 MVA
1.03 xdsat:
0
1.60 Excitation Limit:
0
SB
1.30 Ik - ON
Pos Sequence Impedance (100 MVA Base) 0.0100 + J 0.1500 PU Neg Sequence Impedance (100 MVA Base) 0.0103 + J 0.1549 PU Zero Sequence Impedance (100 MVA Base) 0.0103 + J 0.1549 PU
MOTOR CONTRIBUTION DATA
BUS
CONTRIBUTION
NAME
BUS-0003
NAME MTRI-0001
VOLTAGE L-L
kVA
3300 932.5
BASE X"d 0.17
Pos Sequence Impedance (100 MVA Base)
BUS-0003
MTRI-0002
3300 233.1
Motor
0.17
Pos Sequence Impedance (100 MVA Base)
X/R Number
10.0 1.00 1.82 + j 18.23 PU
10.0 1.00 7.29 + j 72.93 PU
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Impedance between buses; Z 12
= 0.0075 +
j 0.15
= 0.1502 ∠87 .14 °
Z 23 = 0.0041 + j 0.032 = 0.0322 ∠82 .7° Z 34 = 0.0288 + j 0.4741 = 0.475 ∠86 .52 °
Admittance between buses; Y 12
= 6.6578 ∠ − 87 .14 ° =
0.3322
−
j 6.65
Y 23 = 30 .9981 ∠−82 .7° = 3.9389 − j 30 .747 Y 34 = 2.1053 ∠ − 86 .52 ° = 0.1276 − j 2.1014
Y 11
= Y 12
Y 33
= Y 32 +Y 34 = 0.3322 − j 6.65 +3.9389 − j 30 .747
= 4.2711 − j 37 .397 = 37 .64 ∠−83 .49 °
Y 44
= Y 34
Admittance matrix (Y) of the systems;
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− 0.0 1 2+ J 7 0.70 46 9 4 9 2 − ( − 3 .90 9∠ 8− 81.62 ) (70.9 8 ∠ 90.17) 2− V = 0.0 3 ∠08 2.92 1° 2 1.0∠ 0° ( − 2.1 0 ∠ 5− 83 .56 ) 2 = 0.0 3 ∠08 2.92 1° 2[ − 0.0 1 2+ J 70.07 64 9− (4− 39 .602 7 ∠ 8− 88 .62 ) 8+ 0.1 2 − J 7 26.1 0 ] = 0.0 3 ∠08 2.92 1° 2[ 4.0 2 4− j83 2.42 66 ] 0 9 1 1
3
[
]
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S 1
=V 1 I 1 *
= 0.07117 ∠79 .72 = 0.0130 + J 0.0700
Summary of manual calculation
Slack bus Bus 0002 Bus 0003 Bus 0004
P 0.01300 0.012795 0.012774 0 012677
Q 0.070039 0.069500 0.069492 0 067073
V 1. 0 0.9897 0.9880 0 9556
δ
0 0.12 -0.01 0 17
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EXPERIMENT 3 : IEEE RECOMMENDED POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS NETWORK
Method 1. Draw Figure 3 using “SKM Power Tools for Windows” software. software. 2. Simulate Simulate Figure Figure 3 and determ determine ine the voltage voltage drop at each each busbar. busbar. 3. Any problem problemss to draw draw and simulat simulate, e, please please refer refer to the manual manual in in appendix. appendix.
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+/- Impedance: 0.0978 + J 0.0311 Ohms/1000 ft
0.1617 + J 0.0514 PU
Z0 Impedance: 0.1555 + J 0.0791 Ohms/1000 ft
0.2570 + J 0.1307 PU
NAME
NAME
NAME
CBL-0005
BUS-0006
BUS-0007
Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
/PH L-L
SIZE
TYPE
1 11000
650.0 FEET 50
Copper
Insulation Type:
PILS
Insulation Class:
+/- Impedance: 0.1411 + J 0.0326 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0758 + J 0.0175 PU
Z0 Impedance: 0.2243 + J 0.0830 Ohms/1000 ft
0.1205 + J 0.0446 PU
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CBL-0012
BUS-0017
BUS-0018
Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
1
480 40.0 FEET
Insulation Type:
35
Copper
Insulation Class:THWN
+/- Impedance: 0.1597 + J 0.3115 Ohms/1000 ft
2.77 + J
Z0 Impedance: 0.2539 + J 0.7926 Ohms/1000 ft
4.41 + J 13.76 PU
NAME
CBL-0014
NAME
BUS-0006
NAME BUS-0019
Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
/PH 1
L-L
5.41 PU
SIZE
11000
325.0 FEET
Insulation Type:
PLC
TYPE 70
Copper
Insulation Class:
+/- Impedance: 0.0963 + J 0.0300 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0259 + J 0.0081 PU
Z0 Impedance: 0.1531 + J 0.0763 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0411 + J 0.0205 PU
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Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
Insulation Type:
PILS
Insulation Class:
+/- Impedance: 0.0978 + J 0.0311 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0081 + J 0.0026 PU
Z0 Impedance: 0.1555 + J 0.0791 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0128 + J 0.0065 PU
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Duct Material: Non-Magnetic
Insulation Type:
PILS
Insulation Class:
+/- Impedance: 0.0978 + J 0.0311 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0081 + J 0.0026 PU
Z0 Impedance: 0.1555 + J 0.0791 Ohms/1000 ft
0.0128 + J 0.0065 PU
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XF2-0006
BUS-0016
D 11000.0 BUS-0017
YG
Pos. Seq. Z%:
1.31 + J 5.89 0.820 + j 3.68 PU
Zero Seq. Z%:
1.31 + J 5.89 0.820 + j 3.68 PU
480.00
2000.00
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XF2-0012
BUS-0029
D 11000.0 BUS-0030
YG 3300.00
Pos. Seq. Z%:
1.000 + J 7.08 0.250 + j 1.77 PU
Zero Seq. Z%:
1.000 + J 7.08 0.250 + j 1.77 PU
5000.00
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