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Types of Steel Structures - Tension Members, Compression Members, Truss Shell etc Classification of Steel Structures Advertisements
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Tension Members Compression Compression Members Truss Systems Systems and Frame Systems Built-up Built-up Members and Structures Structures Shell Structures Suspension Structures
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Tension Members:
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Primarily occur as:
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1. Chord Members in trusses trusses 2. In diagonal bracing in bracing systems systems 3. Cable elements in suspension roofs, main cables of suspension bridges and suspenders.
Types of Types Structures St ructures Minimum Steel Minimum Steel Reinforcement RCC Structure Components Post Tensioning in Post Tensioning Slabs Slab s Prestressing in Concrete Steel Structures Structural Analysis Indeterminate Structure Analysis Beam Analysis Tool Truss Analysis Methods
Compression Members Primarily Occur as: Columns in buildings; Chord Members in trusses and diagonal members in end panels of trusses Stability is an important consideration in design and behavior of compression members Area is g enerally spread out to maximize Radius of Gyration
Primarily loaded transverse to the longitudinal axis and resist loading by flexure X-sectional area is located located as far from the neutral axis as is practical Commonly W shapes shapes are used in most cases For deeper beams I-shaped sections made by welding welding plates are commonly used used For smaller loads and spans open-web joists are commonly used Instability due to lateral Torsional Buckling is an important considera tion
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Open-Web Steel Joist 1. Economical & popular for Roof & floor framing. 2. Bar joist are supporte d by bearing walls or steel girders. 3. Floor of thin concrete reinforced in both directions with rebars or welded wire fabric.
Classification Based on Shape
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Classical Skeleton framing Steel truss Rigid frames Arches Domes Cable supporte d Roofs Classical system supported by beams, girders and columns. Beams: W or S shapes, Channel shapes for roof purlins Columns: generally W shapes
Steel Trusses 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Triangular rigid structure Most common double pitched roof trusses Fink & Pratt. Most common flat trusses: Pratt & Warren No span limit Often prefabricated Used with wood or steel purlins to support the roof . Bracing: if resting on masonry walls 1. Diagonal bracing in alternate bays 2. Continuous struts(angles, channels
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Built-up M embers
Rigid Frames 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
For large unobstructed floor areas and ceiling heights. Spans generally 40' to 100' Members are connected by bolting and welding Membe rs: W shapes or web plates fillet welded to flange plates Connection to foundation with a base plate(bolted)
Steel Arch Structures 1. Used in field houses, exhibition halls,. with span over 300' 2. Most common type: three hinged arch
Lateral bracing; Diagonal bracing in curved surfaces between arches Lateral bracing of ribs with purlins or trussed purlins.
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Used for large circular areas: Assembly halls, gymnasium, field houses.. Spans up to 400' in diameter Structural members: Perimeter (Tension ring) Domes and rings are supported by columns braced laterally or by bearing walls Purlins supports the roof deck and span between ribs
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Cable Supported Roofs Chicago O'Hare International Airport Restaurant 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Reinforced concrete compression ring 190'dia Ring is supporte d on 26 RCC columns 58ft above ground Tension ring W-shape 13' dia Sag of cables 10.5' Ends of cables are anchored to the two rings Roof deck: precast RCC slabs 3.5" thick which fit between cables with projecting ends of reinforcement hooking the cables.
Examples of Famous Steel Structures Eiffel Tower, Paris 1. The World's tallest structure at times(990'). 2. Was originally built to last 20 years.
James R,Thompson Center, Chicago 1. 2. 3. 4.
The building is enclosed by 17 story curtain walls. The diameter of rotunda is 160' The rotund a projects as a cylinder and its top resembles a drum without a dome slanting towards plaza. Office spaces are between rotunda 's walls and outer skin
The Geodesic Dome at Walt Disney World 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Spaceship earth is a huge golf ball, standing 180 ft. The structure is designed to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph Structure: steel framing clad with faceted aluminum panels, and stands on 3 pairs of steel legs. Site was mostly swamp, filled with much, organic material with 95% water content. As a solution, 2.5 million cubic yards of soil was removed and replaced by clean material
Indoor Football Facility,University of Illinois, Urbana The roof structure is semi-parabolic dome A larg e single arched box truss spans the length of the field and supports 1/2 of roof load.
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110 Stories Tall Total Height = 1725 ft Based on revolutionar y Bundled Tube Design Rigid outer walls act as walls of hollow tube There are 9 tubes in all
6. The number of tubes reduces with height 7. Designed by late Fazl-ur-Rehma from Bangladesh 8. Supported by 114 piles
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