Valve Applications,Types of Valves

Val v e Ty p es –  Ap  A p p l i c at atii o n , Selec Sel ectt i o n

Overview

• Existing valve types • Which valve type for which application? • Efficiency – Reliability • Comparison „ Old Valve Types“ – „ New Valve Types“ • Optimised Valve Type Portfolio

Overview on existing valve types

Type Description

Hoerbiger Valve Types

 Narrow Ported Plate Valves

CED, CFD, …, CKD, (HDS), R, CT

Wide Ported Plate Valves

E3D, F3D, G3D, H, J, K  + (CED, CFD lubed  design), CS

 Narrow Ported Ring Valves

CE

Wide Ported Ring Valves

CX

Which valve type for which application? Plate Valves Wide Ported Air Gas-transport Gas-storage Light Gases Heavy gases Contaminated Application (Dirt) Low temperature special Gases (O2, Cl)

Narrow Ported

Ring Valves Wide Ported

Poppet Valves Narrow Ported

Efficiency / Reliability –  A compromise ? • Targets - High Efficiency - High Reliability

 Low valve losses  Lifetime

• Engineering parameters - Valve design - Valve lift selection - Material selection

    y      t      i      l      i      b     a      i      l     e      R

      y         c        n       e          i       c          i         f         f        E

    g    s     n    r      i     e     r     t     e    e     e    m     n    a      i     g    r     n    a      E    p

Design parameters influencing the efficiency 1 • available flow area - length of the seat lands - numbers of flow channels

plate valve

• curvature of the flow paths - vorticity generated within the gas • „ edges“ within the flow channels - increasing separation regimes

profiled ring valve

Design parameters influencing the efficiency 2 • Design of seat and guard areas Effective flow area (PHI)

- saturation effects (drilled seats)

50 40

• Influence of unlo aders - closing the seat area

   )    ²   m30   c    (    I    H 20    P

PHI1 PHI2

10

• Influence of plugs - dereasing the flow area

0 0

2

4

6

Lift (mm )

PHI1 ... milled seat PHI2 ... drilled seat

Prediction of efficiency - good models are available • Main valve parameters for efficiency calculation - valve design - valve lift M P2

discharge

F

A valve opens

dis. valve closes

suction valve closes

P1

C

G suction valve opens N

1

3

2 VOLUME

α Φ =

Φ

 D 2 ⋅ π 

αΦ

4  D l valve diameter  Φ l equivalent   flow area

Φ=

D V  2 * ∆ p  ρ gas

Lift (mm)

Prediction of reliability – still a challenge • Life time ~ impact stresses ~ impact velocity • Life time ~ material properties (low E modulus preferrable) Measured impr ovements σ  =

v⋅

Relative safety factor S compared t o steel

E  ⋅  ρ 

σ  l induced  stress [ MPa ]

v l impact  velocity [ m / s ]  E l elasticity  Modulus [ MPa ]  ρ l material

density [kg m 3 ]

2   y    t 1.5   e   S    f   a   r   o 1   s   t  .   c    l   a   e   f 0.5    R

1.62 1.18

STEEL PEEK GF30 PA GF30 *)

0 23°C

*) .. special PA compound

Goal for new valve designs • optimized seat and guard geometry - no flow resistance effects - enough space for unloaders - enough strength to avoid drilled seats • high impact resistance of the sealing elements - optimised for the temperature of operation (MT, PK) - high lifts possible • Focus on specific valve design strengths - Ring valves for critical applications • Individual engineering - Application based selection

Basic Valve Type Portfolio heavy gas narrow p orted, profiled ring valves

wide (CS) and narrow por ted plate valves

high pressure

low pressure narrow ported plate valves wide ported, profiled ring valves

light gas

Conclusions •  Advantages of modern, highly efficient valve types are - efficient but still reliable - low lifts but still efficient

- exploiting modern non metallic sealing materials - high damping resistance

- optimized portfolio for different applications - wide and narrow ported - ring and plate valves

- higher flexibility within the valve engineering process