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_j rjzvfimc tmnaf`flbim pftrmgj zj cu`tbcmebij`abc us`uljcj b dfcuabdjobijcj sm ajl`f pfvmČjvj`j. Ejajs sm pfduŪjvj ferűjvjtb bstj bahrjstrudturj j`b b pfgf`iŪjvjtb rjz`băbtm
jp`bdjobim dfim su zjeuűmam zj prmafs l`jsj. Bpjd, hmafcma ajzvja XfB[ b ej`im zjuzbcj sjcf imeja cj`b emf uem`j u svbc
dfcuabdjobijcj. Cfűmcf rmČb ej gueuČafst XfB[ -j `műb u cfluČafstbcj afvbn b ajprmeabibn jp`bdjobij, lem im l`js sjcf imeaj fe bahfrcjobij u jp`bdjobib. ]pftrmgj XfB[-j scjaiuim
trfŪdfvm j`b sm bpjd cfrj pfstjvbtb pbtjaim dvj`btmtj vmzm dfij sm cfűm uspfstjvbtb. IfŪ imeja prfg`mc dfib sm cfűm ajvmstb prm`jsdfc lfvfrabn jp`bdjobij u B[ efcma imstm b sblurafst lfvfrabn smrvbsj dfib rj abim absu gb`b tu. _jej su prbsutam svm vrstm fpjsafstb b
ajpjej aj crműm pfejtjdj. _`fűmafstb prfg`mcj efprbafsb b XfB[ jrnbtmdturj dfij im bzuzmtaf s`fűmaj b nbimrjrnbisdb frljabzfvjaj sj caflf crműabn dfcpfamatb. Bpjd, uz jemdvjtaf p`jabrjaim, fvm sblurafsam prfg`mcm im efamd`m cfluČm bzgmČb gmz amljtbvafl utbojij aj prmhfrcjasm XfB[-j b aj uprjv`ibvfst sbstmcj. Fvf im cfluČm cfluČm
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rjzucmvjaim prftfdf`j b jrnbtmdturm XfB[ cr műj műj b aibcj svfistvmabn sblurafsabn amefstjtjdj . XfB[ sm b pfrme tbn cfluČbn prfg`mcj b ej`im Ūbrb j djf prb`fl tfcm bem stj`ja rjzvfi tmnaf`flbim tm pfpu`jrbzjobij upftrmgm dfcpiutmrj b batmramtj cmāu Ūbrfdbc cjsjcj `iueb, u pfs`fvam b prbvjtam svrnm. svrn m. [fcbaij`b scf sdrjČmabou, pj im b trmgjcf emhbabsjtb b rjzijsabtb. XfB[ im sdrjČmaboj fe
mal. s`fűmabom Xfbom fvmr Batmramt [rftfof` b bcm im zj tmnaf`flbiu dfij fcfluČjvj pr mafs mafs zvuăam dfcuabdjobim prmdf batmramtsdm crműm. Umnaf`flbij im pfstj`j pfpu`jraj rjzvfimc Ūbrfdfpfijsafl batmramtj, imr u vmČbab
s`uăjimvj fcfluČjvj gmsp`jtaf tm`mhfabrjaim s rjăuajrj aj rjăuajr tm imhtbabim tm`mhfabrjaim s rjăuajrj aj cfgbtm`m b hbdsau `babiu.
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7. [FIJC XfB[-j
B[ tm`mhfabij im ajzbv zj tmnaf`flbiu, feafsaf prftfdf`m, sfhtvmrm b njrevmr, dfij dfrbstb
pjdmtsdu crműu cr műu dfij sm gjzbrj aj Batmramt [rftfof` (B[) zj (B[) zj rjzcmau l`jsfvabn b erulbn fg`bdj bahfrcjobij dfim sm trjebobfaj`af prmafsm putmc d`jsbăam tm`mhfasdm crműm uz ajeflrjeaiu svbn tmnaf`fŪdb ajprmeabn dfcuabdjobisdbn tmnabdj (m-cjb`, Bastjat Cmssjllbal, bte...) Imeajdf tjdf, XfB[ im u stvjrb B[ tm`mhfabij u uűmc scbs`u rmăb, j tf zajăb ej sm feafsb aj faji emf B[ tm`mhfabim dfim l`js prmafsb putmc batmramtj fe fafl dfib zfvm pj svm ef
fermebŪtj. XfB[ tmnaf`flbij im tmn af`flbij gueuČafstb dfij trmautaf fstvjruim svm fam prmeus`fvm
zj rjzvbijaim afvbn pfs`fvabn rmŪmaij, ejim tmcm`im zj ajeflrjeaiu afvbn ajprmeabn us`ulj b Ūtj im ajivjűabim fstvjruim hbajasbisdm uŪtmem. DfrbstmČb B[ tm`mhfa b`b pfsmgja urmāji tzv. ljtmwjy b _B[ (_mssbfa Babtbjtbfa [rftfof`), XfB[ fgjv`ij rjzcmau l`jsfvabn pj b erulbn fg`bdj bahfrcjobij dfim su sm ef sjej prmafsb`m
putmc jaj`flam jaj`fla m tm`mhfasdm crműm, eblbtj`bzuim eblbtj`b zuim bn, dfcprmsuim dfcprmsui m b pjduim u pjdmtm dfim, prb`bdfc pr b`bdfc pfzbvj, ‑prfvuăm‐ drfz pfstfimČu pf stfimČu batmramt vmzu uz fstj`m pfejtdm. ]df`bdf zjpfămtb pfzbv zjvrŪb u bstfi crműb (apr. pfzbv s imeafl aj erulb grfi uautjr XfB[ EBWMDU-j) fa cfűm zj dfrbsabdj gbtb pftpuaf gmsp`jtja b`b jdf bem prmcj ijvafi lfvfrafi crműb erulbn fpmrjtmrj, aimlfvj o maj cfűm gbtb vbŪmstrudf abűj fe o mam pfzbvj
upuČmafl prmdf d`jsbăafl tm`mdfc fpmrjtmrj. Aj tji ajăba sm fstvjruim uŪtmej u tm`mhfasdbc trfŪdfvbcj b ef 2;%. ]pftrmgfc fvfl stjaejrej, uz upftrmgu vmČ pfstfimČm rjăuajrsdm bahrjstrudturm, efejtam sd`fpfvm b prflrjcsdm pferŪdm, Batmramt vmČ pfstjim svm Ūbrb ajăba zj prmafŪmaim prmafŪmai m tm`mhfasdbn pfzbvj. [rb`bdfc pfzbvj p`jČj sm sjcf vmzj sj Batmramt prfvjiemrfc b ajefdajej
dfcpjabib dfij fcfluČjvj eftbăau us`ulu pf cbautb rjzlfvfrj. Wjăuajrb b`b dfcpiutmrb prmuzbcjiu huadobiu omatrj`j, sbstmc im cfluČm prflrjcbrjtb zj rjz`băbtm vjrbijatm jutfcjtsdm
ebstrbguobim pfzbvj, jutfcjtsdm tm`mhfasdm smdrmtjrbom urmājij b s`.
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XfB[ fcfluČjvj fgjv`ijaim tm`mhfasdfl rjzlfvfrj upftrmgfc vmČ pfstfimČm Batmramt vmzm, djf zjcmaj zj stjaejreau tm`mhfabiu, djdf `fdj`af b cmāulrjesdb, tjdf b Cmāuajrfeab .
Ijvaj tm`mhfasdj crműj dfrbstb [ug`bo _wbtonme Um`mpnfam Amtwfrd ([_UA) : sbstmc dfib prbcmaiuim tmnaf`flbiu dfcutjobim djaj`j, Ūtf zajăb ej im prmefermāmab lfvfrab djaj` efem`ima svjdfc pfimebajăafc rjzlfvfru. J`b tm`mhfasdm crműm vrŪm ugrzjau cblrjobiu prmcj XfB[-u (Xfbom (Xfb om fvmr Batmramt [rftfdf`). [rftfdf`) . Efd im XfB[ tmnaf`flbij gb`j u rjafc rjzvfiu gb`f im efstj prfg`mcj sj dvj`btmtfc us`ulj u feafsu aj jaj`flau tm`mhfabiu, j`b sm tmnaf`flbij ugrzjaf pfgf`iŪjvj.
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im sdup svmtsdbn crműj dfibcj uprjv`ijiu uprjv`ijiu ajobfaj`ab, rmlbfaj`ab b`b `fdj`ab fpmrjtmrb, pruűjaimc bahrjstrudturm zj ijvau dfcuabdjobiu. Unm pug`bo swbtonme tm`mpnfam amtwfrd ([_UA)
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?. B_UFWBIJU BAUMWAMU UM@MHFABIM
Ej gb rmd`b amŪtf bstfrbijtu XfB[-j, cfrjcf pfcmautb d`jsbăau tm`mhfabiu b aima rjzvbtjd ifŪ fe ej`mdm :><8. lfebam. 7 Fe tjej sm d`jsbăaj tm`mhfabij usjvrŪjvj`j b gb`j imebab lfvfrab sjfgrjČji u dfcuabdjobisdbc crműjcj. Ej gb sm sjc prmafs lfvfrj fstvjrbf, zjvbsb`f sm fe prmspjijaij hbzbădfl putj (djaj`j)
drfz tm`mdfcuabdjobisdu crműu b stvjrjaiu vmzm stj`am pfijsam Ūbrbam bzcmāu evj tm`m hfaj zj vrmcm trjijaij pfzbvj.
_j pfijvfc rjăuajrj pfijvb`j sm b pftrmgj zj aibnfvbc ucrműjvjaimc b cmāusfgafc rjzcmafc pfejtjdj. Uf sm uzbcj djf pfămtjd ajstjijaij Batmramtj, crműm svbn crműj b`b l`fgj`am crműm. Batmramt sm tmcm`ib aj pjdmtafc prmafsu pfejtjdj. [rbstup Batmramtu sm zgfl vm`bdm rjzlrjajtfstb d`jsbăabn tm`mdfcuabdjobisdbn crműj tmcm`ibf aj pr mafsu mafsu pfejtjdj prmdf
aibn uz dfrbŪtmaim cfemcj. ]z stj`af pfvmČjvjaim grzbam prbstupj, tjdvf r mŪmaim mŪmaim im gb`f vmfcj efgrf efd mdsp`fzbij Batmramtj abim erjcjtbăaf pfvmČj`j pfejtdfvab sjfgrjČji . Djf r mŪmaim mŪmaim sm ajcmtau`f uvfāmaim afvm eblbtj`am pjdmtam crműm b rjstmrmČbvjaim
sjfgrjČjij prmspjijaimc djaj`j Ūtf gb efvm`f ef tflj ej crműm fstjam rmzmrvbsjaj sjcf zj prmafs lfvfrj. [fstfijaim fevfimabn crműj zj prmafs lfvfrj b pfejtjdj im utboj`j aj rjzcjtrj aim
rjz`bdj b upfrmābvjaim fvbn evjiu fg`jstb . Djf rjz`bdj sm ajiămŪČm uzbcj ajăba ajp`jČbvjaij dfib dfe batmramtj am zjvbsb fe ej`ibam, efd u s`uăjiu d`jsbăam tm`mhfabim uej`imafst blrj ijdf vjűau u`flu. Fvj mdfafcsdj rjz`bdj im utboj`j aj vm`bdu rmvf`uobiu u tm`mdfcuabdjobijcj Ūtf Čm efvmstb ef rjzvfij afvm
tmnaf`flbim b tf9 ‑ Umnaf`flbij prmafsj lfvfrj pjdmtabc crműjcj feafsaf Batmramt feafsaf Batmramt tm`mhfabij tm`mhfabij ("Batmramt Um`mpnfay")‐ Um`mpnfay")‐. Aimaj sajlj im i m u rjsprfstrjaimafstb rjsprfstrjaim afstb b pfpu`jrafstb pf pu`jrafstb prftfdf`j aj dfimc d fimc sm zjsabvj`j, t f imst prftfdf`j pr ftfdf`j B[ b mdsp`fzbib Batmramtj dfib im tmcm`ima aj tfc prftfdf`u. Fsbc tflj, pjdmtam
crműm prflrjcsdb su uprjv`ijam uprjv`ija m b aibnfvj dfahblurjobij dfahblurj obij im caflf h`mdsbgb`abij fe 7
J`mdsjaemr Lrmijc Gm` (mal`. J`mxjaemr Lrjnjc Gm``) ?. cjrt :>5< - 7. jvlust :277 im gbf ajuăabd, ajuăabd, prfaj`jzjă prfaj`jzjă b fsa bvjă tm`mhfasdm dfcpjabim Gm`.
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trjebobfaj`abn [_UA crműj. Ef ejajŪaiml ejaj, pr mafs mafs lfvfrj prmdf Batmramt prftfdf`j im prfŪjf drfz trb mvf`uobisdm hjzm9
[rmedfcmrobij`aj (:2>;. ‟ :22=.)4 :22=.)4
Wjăuajrsdb frbimatbsjaj (:22=. ‟ :22>.)4 :22>.)4
[ftpuaf dfcmrobij`aj (:22>. ef ejajs).
?.:. [rmedfcmrobij`aj [rmedfcmrobij` aj hjzj [rmedfcmrobij`au hjzu ăbam ajăam jdtbvafstb vmzjam zj rjzvfi Batmramtj. Yjejtjd im gb`j uspfstjv`ijaim juebf b vbemf dfahmrmaobim prmdf Batmramtj, tjdf ej im u
fvfi hjzb pfvmzbvjaim s [_UA crműjcj gb`f zjamcjrmaf. [fs`fc su uprjv`ij`m evm rjeam frljabzjobim u fdvbru. "Batmramt Malbammrbal Ujsd Hfrom" (BMUH) ?. Wjeaj frljabzjobij zj prmafs juebf b vbemf sblaj`j (JXU ‟ (JXU ‟ "Juebf/Xbemf "Juebf/Xbemf Urjaspfrt") im emhbabsj`j prftfdf`5 zj prmafs u stvjrafc vrmcmau (WU[ ‟ "Wmj` tbcm Urjaspfrt [rftfof`"). Wjeaj frljabzjobij zj uprjv`ijaim cu`tbcmebisdbn dfahmrmaobisdbn smsbij (CC]_BO ‟ "Cu`tbpjrty Cu`tbcmebj _mssbfa Ofatrf`") Ofatrf`") im rjzvb`j amdf`bdf prftfdf`j zj cu`tbcmebij`am
dfahmrmaobim prmdf batmramtj cmāu dfibcj im b (_B[ ‟ (_B[ ‟ "_mssbfa Babtbjtbfa [rftfof`"). [rftfdf` [rftfof`"). [rftfdf` _B[ im cfrjf prfČb drfz caflf rjz`băbtbn bzcmaj svm efd lj abim BMUH prme`fűb`j zj stjaejreab prftfdf` :222. lfebam.
?.7. Wjăuajrsdb frbimatbsjaj hjzj Fvj hjzj im zjpfăm`j pfămtdfc :22=. pfijvfc dfcmrobij`abn XfB[ prflrjcsdbn jp`bdjobij. Fvm su jp`bdjobim fcfluČjvj`m uspfstjv`ijaim pfzbvj prmdf Batmramtj zj svm
ucrműmam pmrsfaj`am dfcpiutmrm.
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Unm Batmramt Malbammrbal Ujsd Hfrom (BMUH) , im l`jvaj afvm stjaejrem. Uf im ft vfrmaj, vfrmaj, vf`fatmrsdj frljabzjobij. 5 [rjvb`f dfim sm cfrj bspfŪtfvjtb ej gb sm amŪtf urjeb`f.
frljabzjobij dfij bstrjűuim b prfcfvbŪm
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_vj, tjdfrmČb, ‑pjcmt‐, feafsaf sblaj`bzjobij b uprjv`ijădm huadobim gb`b su scmŪtmab u sjcfc rjăuajru. Bjdf im dvj`btmt dfcuabdjobij gbf `fŪ, fvji prbaobp im prbvudjf vm`bdu pjűaiu zgfl prvfl pferuăij prbcmam lfrm pfcmautm XfB[ tmnaf`flbim, tf pferuăim imstm imst m dfcuabdjobij pmrsfaj`abn rjăuajrj. Ujej, abim gb`f stjaejreabn prftfdf`j dfib gb uvm`b amdb rme, amlf im svjdj fe jp`bdjobij
gb`j zjsafvjaj aj amdfc amstjaejreafc ti. v`jsabădfc prftfdf`u, Ūtf im famclfuČjvj`u cmāusfgaf huadobfabsjaim rjz`băbtbn prfbzvfājăj b flrjabăjvj`f cfluČafstb fvbn us`ulj. Ujej im aj sajlu stupb`j CmĚuajrfeaj uabij zj tm`mdfcuabdjobim = dfij im ufăb`j tji
‑prfpust‐ pj im srmebafc :22=., pfăm`j sj stjaejrebzjobifc XfB[ prftfdf`j. :228. stuebisdj lrupj frljabzjobim fgijv`iuim prvu vmrzbiu prftfdf`j N.?7? N.?7? djf
stjaejrej zj vbemf dfahmrmaobim u stvjrafc vrmcmau fstvjrmam prmdf `fdj`abn crműj gmz ljrjaobim dvj`btmtj us`ulm (Zf_ (Zf_ ‟ "Zuj`bty fh _mrvbom"). XmČ ef drjij :228. prftfdf` N.?7? pfstjim sblaj`bzjobisdb prftfdf` vmČbam vbemfdfahmrmaobisdbn prflrjcsdbn jp`bdjobij.
?.?. [ftpuaf dfcmrobij`aj hjzj Fsbc Ūtf im fcfluČbf cmāusfgau dfcuabdjobiu rjz`băbtbn XfB[ prfbzvfej b prmuzmf trűbŪtm amstjaejreabn rimŪmaij, N.?7? im pfstjf d`iuăab prftfdf` dfib im fcfluČbf uz`mt XfB[ tmnaf`flbim u s`memČfi hjzb dfij zjpfăbaim pfămtdfc :22>. lfebam. Ujej su sm dfrbasabob trueb`b bzgmČb vmfcj sdupu [_UA crműu pj im tf uzmtf djf amŪtf
Ūtf im bcj`f vm`bdb utboji aj ajl`u mdsp`fzbiu XfB[-j. Ujdfām, vm`bd grfi [_UA dfrbsabdj im trjűb`f spjijaim fvbn evjiu crműj. ] fvfc rjzefg`iu su sm pfijvb`b b afvb stjaejreb b jrnbtmdturm fe dfibn su amdm, pfput prftfdf`j _B[ b CMLJOF ( CMLJOF ( CMLJOF ‟ CMLJOF ‟ "Cmebj "Cmebj Ljtmwjy Ofatrf`") jrnbtmdturm, b zjűbv m`m. XfB[ tmnaf`flbij svfi rje zjsabvj aj j`lfrbtcbcj dfebrjaij vbsfdm rjzbam dfcprmsbim
dfib zjerűjvjiu zjefvf`ijvjiuČu dvj`btmtu lfvfrj pftrmgau zj ulfeau dfcuabdjobiu. [frme tflj, pfvmČjaim pfijsam Ūbrbam u prbstupabc crműjcj fcfluČb`f im pfstbzjaim dvj`btmtm =
CmĚuajrfeaj CmĚuajrfeaj uabij zj tm`mdfcuabdjobim tm`mdfcuabdjobim (mal`. Batmrajtbfaj` Um`mofccuabojtbfa Um`mofccuabojtbfa ]abfa, BU]) im spmobij`bzfvjaj jlmaobij ]A-j zj tm`mdfcuabdjobim. Fsafvjaj im aj BX. cmāuajrfeafi dfahmrmaobib f rjebf dfcuabdjobijcj dfcuabdjobijcj u Cjerbeu :2?7., j :2?5. ajs`meb`j im Cmāuajrfeau t m`mlrjhsdu m`mlrjhsdu uabiu fsafvjau fsafvjau :>8=. :>8= .
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lfvfrj imeajdm [_UA us`uzb prb dfcuabdjobib XfB[ prmtp`jtabdj s [_UA prmtp`jtabdfc, b`b
ăjd b gf`im prb dfcuabdjobib bzcmāu XfB[ prmtp`jtabdj. Djdf gb fcfluČb`b Ūtf gf`iu dvj`btmtu us`ulm, frljabzjobim zj stjaejrebzjobiu rjzvb`m su cmnjabzcm fsblurjaij dvj`btmtm us`ulm dfibcj sm djŪaimaim ajstj`f u pjdmtafi crműb scjaiuim. BMUH im rjzvbf prftfdf` C[@_ prftfdf` C[@_ djf pferŪdu cmnjabzcbcj zj fsblurjvjaim dvj`btmtm us`ulm. [fuzejaj b stjgb`aj njrevmrsdj p`jthfrcj im ifŪ imeja fe prmeu s`fvj zj vbsfdf dvj`btmtaf XfB[ rimŪmaim.
Ābaimaboj im ej XfB[ ijdf grzf uzbcj emf df`jăj, j`b b ej Čm sm ifŪ eulf zjimeaf zjerűjtb zj [_UA crműfc pj im s tflj efgrf rmŪmaim zj cmāusfgaf pfvmzbvjaim vmfcj vjűaf ejajs.
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5. YJIMEABĀDB [WMAF_ L@J_J B [FEJUJDJ
Ef amejvaf, svmt l`jsfvam dfcuabdjobim (Xfbom) b svmt prmafsj pfejtjdj (Ejtj) gb`b
su strflf fevfimab. L`js sm prmafsbf bsd`iuăbvf hbdsafc tm`mhfasdfc `babifc, ti. ijvafc l`jsfvafc crműfc j putjaij hbdsam vmzm fstvjrbvj`j sm pfzbvfc b ferűjvj`j sm zj vrmcm trjijaij vmzm, prb ămcu su svb rmsursb gb`b rmzmrvbsjab zj pfzbv, j dfcpjabim su s m vfeb`m cfem`fc ajp`jtm prmcj trjijaiu pfzbvj. [uaf lfebaj u`jljaij u hbdsau tm`mhfasdu crműu uăbab`m su fvji ajăba dfcuabobrjaij lftfvf :;;% pfuzejabc b dfchfrabc u om`fc svmtu. Dfe XfB[-j, hji`fvb, pfrudm b efducmatb prmgjouiu sm u abz cjaibn pjdmtj, dfib sm u
tfc fg`bdu Ūj`iu crműfc aj fermebŪtm, prb ămcu svjdb pjdmt pfs`ja u crműu sjerűb zjl`jv`im sj jermsfc f cmstu prbcjaij tm erulm pfejtdm. _vb pjdmtb am cfrjiu sm prbcbtb bstbc rmefs`mefc djf Ūtf su fejs`jab, j amdb cflu bcjtb zajtaf rjz`băbtm putjai m prf`jsdj drfz
crműu. Ygfl tm ăbaimabom cfluČm im ej e mf pjdmtj am stblam aj fermebŪtm b guem bzlug`ima b`b fŪtmČma u crműb. Um`mdfcuabdjobisdb trmaefvb udjzuiu aj dfcgbajobiu evjiu fsafvabn ajăbaj
prmafŪmaij pfejtdfvabn b l`jsfvabn bahfrcjobij, prb ămcu su sm u pfămtdu dfrbstb`b amdb trbdfvb, ajiămŪČm pfej ob prmtvjrj`b u fg`bd dfib pfes mČj aj l`jsfvab b tjdf prmafsb`b pfstfimČfc bahrjstrudturfc. bahrjstrudtu rfc. ] afvbifi vjrbijatb l`jsfvaj bahfrcjobij prmtvjrj sm u fg`bdu pfejtjdj b tjdf sm
prmafsb ijvafc crműfc. cr műfc. Fvjdvf prmtvjrjaim udjzj`f im aj pfstfijaim vmČbn ambsdfrbŪtmabn em`fvj u l`jsfvafi
dfcuabdjobib, prb ămcu sm efŪ`f ef zjd`iuădj ej im sjcf : ; - 7=% vrmcmaj pftrmgaf zj prmafs l`jsj. ] fstj`f vr mcm mcm ajiămŪČm sm efljājiu s`memČm stvjrb9 s`uŪjcf sulfvfrabdj s erulm strjam, rjzcbŪ`ijcf rjzcbŪ`ij cf f felfvfru dfiml Čmcf ejtb b`b tmd ebŪmcf bzcmāu bzlfvfrmabn
rbimăb. ]prjvf u fvfi ăbaimabob drbim sm prmeafst prmafŪmaij l`jsj putmc crműj, dfib im tjej zgfl dfcprmsbim zajtaf mhbdjsabib j tbcm b imhtbabib.
>
=. DJDF XfB[ WJEB6
] XfB[ crműjcj prmtvjrjaim l`jsj u pjdmtm sm vrŪb lftfvf trmautaf (prfomsb
eblbtj`bzjobim, dfcprmsbim b pjdmtbzjobim), j vr`f ămstf tfc prb`bdfc scjaiuim sm b prfpusafst crműm ( Gjaewbetn) Gjaewbetn ) 8 zgfl cfluČafstb s`jaij vbŪmstrudbn pfejtdfvabn pjdmtj bstfvrmcmaf.
_`bdj : 9 [rfoms prmafŪmaij sblaj`j dfe XfB[ -j
[rfoms stvjrjaij pjdmtj b aibnfv put drfz crműu u dfimc uămstvuiu sblaj`bzjobisdb __<
b crműab UO[/B[ prftfdf`b tmăm fvjdf9
Jaj`flab l`jsfvab sblaj` dfavmrtuim sm u `bamjrab [OC < eblbtj`ab zjpbs (:8 gbtj svjdbn :7= ½s >).
ūucfvb sm ud`jaijiu bz [OC zjpbsj, j vrŪb sm b efejtaj jaj`bzj rjeb stbŪjvjaij prjzabn em`fvj b emtmdobim emt mdobim fsafvafl tfaj.
8
Gjaewbetn (prftfd) im df`b ăbaj pfejtjdj dfij im efzvf`imaj ej sm prmamsm sj aj`flj u gb`f dfc ejtfc pmrbfeu (fgbăaf : cmsmo). < Bcpu`saj dfeaj cfeu`jobij (mal`. [u`sm-ofem cfeu`jtbfa - [OC) b`b sdrjČmaf [OC, im pfstupjd
prmtvjrjaij prmtvjrjaij dfatbauj`afl dfatbauj`afl fg`bdj sblaj`j sblaj`j u eblbtj`ab eblbtj`ab fg`bd fg`bd sblaj`j sblaj`j rjeb rjeb ej`im fgrjem, fgrjem, prmafsj prmafsj b`b ăuvjaij. ăuvjaij. >
Cbdrfsmduaem.
2
Efgbvmab [OC zjpbsb, dfavmrtuiu sm u l`jsfvam hrjcmfvm, dfcprmsuiu ti., L.<72 stjaejrefc putmc sjűbcjiu Xfofemr dfcprmsbifc b madfeuiu BU]-U L.<72 O_-JOM@[ j`lfrbtcj, grzbam pr mafsj mafsj > dgbts, dfib stvjrj :; cs euljăjd hrjcm
dfib sjerűb :; G l`jsj hrmdvmatafl rjspfaj fe ?;; Nz ef ?,5 dNz.
L`jsfvab hrjcmfvb batmlrb Ūu sm u l`jsfvam pjdmtm. ] pfămtdu tf im WU[ pjdmt
dfimc im efeja ]E[ pjdmt sj pfejobcj f bzvfru b fermebŪtu. Aj drjiu pjdmt bcj 7; G b sjerűb svm bahfrcjobim ud`iuăuiuČb b B[ jermsu fermebŪtj.
[jdmtb sm Ūj`iu putmc batmramtj, prb ămcu uscmrbvjăb b prmd`fpabob aj putu prml`mejvjiu prmtnfeaf upbsjau bahfr cjobiu cjobiu f fermebŪtu pjdmtj b uscmrjvjiu putjaiu.
Dje pjdmtb stblau aj fermebŪtm, prf`jzm fgrautu prfomeuru zj rmprfeudobiu l`jsj.
_vb B[ pjdmtb su aucmrbsjab, j ej gb sm efgbf scbs`ma l`jsfvab fg`bd, prb`bdfc prbcjaij B[ pjdmtb cfrjiu sm pfs`fűbtb pf pftrmgafc pftr mgafc rmefs`meu.
:;
8. [WFUFDF@B XfB[ UMNAF@FLBIM
Amdb fe ajivjűabibn prftfdf`j XfB[ tmnaf`flbim tmnaf`f lbim imsu9
B[ - Batmramt [rftfof`
]E[ - ]smr Ejtjlrjc [rftfof` (prftfdf` zj dfrbsabădm ejtjlrjcm)
UO[ - Urjascbssbfa Ofatrf` [rftfof` ( prftfdf` zj uprjv`ijaim prmafsfc)
WUO[ - Wmj`-tbcm Urjaspfrt Ofatrf` [rftfof` (prftfdf` zj uprjv`ijaim prmafsfc u rmj`afc vrmcmau) vr mcmau)
WU_[ ‟ Wmsfurom Wmsfurom rm_mrXjtbfa [rftfof` (prftfdf` zj rmzmrvbsjaim rmsursj
WU[ ‟ Wmj`-tbcm Wmj`-tbcm Urjaspfrt [rftfof` (prftfdf` zj prmafs u rmj`afc vrmcmau)
_B[ ‟ _mssbfa _mssbfa Babtbjtbfa [rftfof` (prftfdf` zjftvjrjaim smsbij)
_E[ ‟ _mssbfa _mssbfa Emsorbptbfa [rftfof` (prftfdf` zj fpbs smsbij)
_`bdj 79 [rftfdf`b XfB[-j
::
8.:. B[ prftfdf` B[ im prftfdf` trmČml s`fij F_B rmhmrmatafl cfem`j (s`fij crműm). _jerűb bahfrcjobim f jermsbrjaiu, ăbcm sm pfstbűm ej svjdb crműab urmāji (rjăuajr, smrvmr, rjeaj stjaboj, batmrhmis rutmrj) dfib im pfvmzja aj Batmramt bcj imebastvmau jermsu b cfűm sm `jdf bematbhbdfvjtb u om`fi Batmramt crműb. Fsbc tflj sjerűb b dfatrf`am bahfrcjobim dfim fcfluČuiu pjdmtbcj ej gueu prfs`māmab (rutbrjab) aj fsafvu pfzajtbn B[ jermsj. Fvji prftfdf` im efducmatfvja u WHO <2: b prmestjv`ij sj UO[ prftfdf`fc imzlrf Batmramt prftfdf`j, UO[/B[ stmd prftfdf`j prftfd f`j (mal`. Urjascbssbfa Ofatrf` [rftfof`/Batmramt [rftfof`).
B[ am zjntmvj prmtnfeaf upfstjv`ijaim vmzm u trmautdu s`jaij pfejtdj, vmČ rjăuajr dfib Ūj`im pfejtdm pfduŪjvj svm efd am prfs`meb pfrudu (gmst mhhfrt cfem`). [rmafs pfejtjdj im rm`jtbvaf ampfu zeja, Ūtf zajăb ej amcj lftfvf abdjvm ljrjaobim ej Čm pfs`jtb pjdmt zjbstj b
efČb ef fermebŪtj ajdfa Ūtf im pfs`jt. _jc pjdmt u prfomsu prmafsj sm cfűm prfcmabtb, zgfl rjz`băbtbn fsafvabn prmafsabn prjvjoj, cfűm sm eflfebtb ej smlcmatb am stbűu pf rmefs`me u, cflu sm eup`brjtb b`b pftpuaf bzlugbtb tfdfc prmafsj.
_ fgzbrfc ej im sjc dfaompt B[ prftfdf`j fs`fgfāma cmnjabzjcj dfib fsblurjvjiu pfuzejafst, sjc prfomss uscmrjvjaij (rutbrjaij) pjdmtj uautjr crműm im rm`jtbvaf grz b imeafstjvja. ]df`bdf jp`bdjobij zjntmvj pfuzejafst, dfrbstm sm cmnjabzcb UO[ prftfdf`j u s`fiu bzaje sjcfl B[ prftfdf`j. B[ bcj trb prbcjram huadobim9
Jermsbrjaim (emhbabŪm ajăba efem`m batmramt jermsj), Batmramt cfeu`b dfrbstm jermsm dfim pjdmtb afsm u B[ zjl`jv`iu djdf gb bn prfs`meb`b ej`im dj emstbajobib.
Wutbrjaim, fermābvjaim putjaim zj prmafs pfejtjdj sj imeafl rjăuajrj aj erulb gmz prmtnfeafl uspfstjv`ijaij vmzm (mal`. ofaamotbfa`mss), pf (mal`. gmstgmst mhhfrt) cfem`u.
Hrjlcmatjobiu b pfafvaf sjstjv`ijaim pjdmtj djej im pftrmgaf djdf gb sm
prmam`b drfz crműu dfij bcj cjaib CU] (mal`. Cjxbcuc trjascbssbfa trjascbs sbfa uabt) upfstjv`ijaim vmzm u trmautdu s`jaij pfejtdj, vmČ rjăuajr dfib Ūj`im pfejtdm pfduŪjvj svm efd am prfs`meb pfrudu (gmst mhhfrt cfem`). [rmafs pfejtjdj im :7
rm`jtbvaf ampfuzeja, Ūtf zajăb ej amcj lftfvf abdjvm ljrjaobim ejČm pfs`jtb pjdmt zjbstj b efČb ef fermebŪtj ajdfa Ūtf im pfs`jt. _jc pjdmt u prfomsu prmafsj sm cfűm prfcmabtb, zgfl rjz`băbtbn fsafvabn prmafsabn prjvjoj, cfűm sm eflfebtb ej smlcmatb am stbűu pf rmefs`meu, cflu sm eup`brjtb b`b pftpuaf bzlugbtb tfdfc prmafsj. ]df`bdf jp`bdjobij zjntmvj pfuzejafst, dfrbstm sm cmnjabzcb.
8.7. UO[ prftfdf` UO[ prftfdf`j u s`fiu bzaje sjcfl B[ prftfdf`j. UO[ prftfdf` im bstf zjeuűma zj emhbabsjaim rmefs`mej pjdmtj dfib stbűu (smdvmaom). Djrjdtmrbstbdm UO[ prftfdf`j su9
D`iuăja prftfdf` aj Batmramtu.
FcfluČjvj pfuzejau dfamdobiu s drjij aj drji .
Fgmzgmāuim pfŪtfvjaim rmefs`mej smlcmajtj .
UO[
vmzj
im
emhbabsjaj
sj
5
pjrjcmtjrj9
jermsjcj
b
pfrtfvbcj
pfŪb`ijfoj/prbcjfoj. pfŪb`ijfoj/prbcjf oj.
Dfrbstb lj9 NUU[, _CU[, Um`amt, HU[.
8.?. _B[ b N.?7? prftfdf` Evj prftfdf`j dfij su vmfcj vjűaj zj XfB[, su9 BU] N.?7? b BMUH _B[ (_mssbfa Babtbjtbfa [rftfof`). [rftfof `).
Cmāuajrfeaj frljabzjobij (Batmrajtbfaj` Um`mofccuabojtbfas ]abfa - BU]) prme`fűb`j im prftfdf prftfd f` N.?7?, j`b aimlj u afvbim vrmcm zjcmaiuim _B[ prftfdf`. zjej tjd sblaj`bzfvjtb b zjgm`műbtb zjgm`műbtb Yjimeabădj fsfgbaj prftfdf`j9 svb prftfdf`b bcjiu zjejtjd gbtam efljĚjim zj vrmcm pfzbvj9 pfămtjd b drji pfzbvj j`b b amdm e rulm rulm rjeaim djf Ūtf im dfahmrmaobisdj vmzj trb uămsabdj.
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Fstj`b sblaj`bzjobisdb prftfdf`b djf Obsof _dbaay O`bmat Ofatrf` [rftfof` (_OO[) b`b Afrt`mfv ]AB_UBC rjzvbimab su fe strjam prbvjtabn dfcpjabij b sjerűm fsfgbam uprjv`ijaij b
ajezfrj crműafl XfB[ prfcmtj dfib sm ijvaf am prbcmaiuiu. N.?7?, prvf im r mŪmaim mŪmaim dfim im stjaejrebzfvjaf zj lfvfrau, vbemf b pfejtdfvau
dfcuabdjobiu u pjdmtabc crműjcj tm zj pfvmzbvjaim s trjebobfaj`abc crműjcj s dfcutjobifc djaj`j ([_UA, B_EA, L_C), prmpf ruăuim sm zj [G^ b s`băam sbstmc m.
N.?7? fcfluČjvj batmlrjobiu pfstfimČm ijvam tm`mhfasdm crműm ([FU_2, B_EA:;) u XfB[ sbstmcm. Yjabc`ibvf im rmČb djdf im spfcmautb prftfdf` gbf bzvfraf zjcbŪ`ima zj vbemf
dfahmrmaobim u rjăuajrsdbc crműjcj, gjzbrja aj Cborfsfhtfvfc AmtCmmtbal :: sfhtvmru tm Jvjyj Cu`tbvjatjlm b Afrtm` Cmrbebja B[ [G^ sbstmcbcj, af tfdfc lfebaj mvf`uobifc sm rjzvbf u pflfeja prftfdf` dfib zjcmaiuim trjebobfaj`am [G^ sbstmcm. N.?7? prftfdf` prmpfrudj im zj caflm erulm dfcuabdjobisdm prftfdf`m djf Ūtf su N.77=.;, N.75=, U.:7;, N.7?=, L.<::, L.<7?.:, L.<72, N.78:, N.78?, U.?> b erulm.
Djf prftfdf`, N.?7? prb`băaf im s`fűma b pruűj vr`f Ūbrfd spmdtjr cfluČaf stb. N.?7?, fsbc tmnabădbn zjntmvj, rmlbstrjobim urmājij b prbstupabdj tm jermsbrjaij, emhbabŪm b jrnbtmdturu. jrnbtmdturu. L`jvab m`mcmatb u N.?7? crműjcj su9 N.?7? tmrcbaj`, N.?7? prbstupab d (Ljtmwjy) b uprjvabd (Ljtmdmmpmr) tm CO] imebaboj zj uprjv`ijaim vbŪmstrjabc dfahmrmaobijcj (Cu`tbpfbat Ofatrf` ]abt) b N.?7? lrjabăabd (Gfremr m`mcmat). N.?7? prbstupabd (Ljtmwjy) bcj u`flu prmvfāmaij sblaj`bzjobisdbn prftfdf`j b ajăbaj prmafsj, dfcuabdjobisdbn dfcuabdjob isdbn prfomeurj b rjzabn fg`bdj dfebrjaij. N.?7? uprjvabd (Ljtmdmmpmr) bcj zjejtjd dfatrf`m prbstupabc rmsursbcj, uprjv`ij prfpusafŪČu, pjzmČb aj Zf_ j`b b grbam f tjrbhjcj, feafsaf pftrmgam bahfrcjobim f fstvjrmabc pfzbvbcj Ūj`im erulbc smrvmrbcj.
2
[`jba F`e Um`mpnfam _ystmc -
fzajdj zj d`jsbăja jaj`flab tm`mhfasdb sbstmc, jaj`flab tm`mhfasdb
jpjrjt, `babiu b`b prbd`iuăjd :; B_EA im mal`msdj sdrjČmaboj zj Batmlrjtme _mrvboms Eblbtj` Amtwfrd, b fzajdj im zj eb lbtj`au tm`mhfasdu tmnaf`flbiu, ajstjf im :2<;. :: Cborfsfht AmtCmmtbal im gbf XfB[ XfB[ b vbemfdfahmrmaobisdb vbemfdfahmrmaobisdb d`bimat dfib im ef`jzbf sj caflbc caflbc vmrzbijcj \baefws-j, \baefws-j, ef ^[-j.
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_mss _mssbfa bfa B abtbjt abtbjtbfa [rf [r ftfof` of` (_B [) , rjzvbima im fe strjam frljabzjobim BMUH, l`js fvau, pfejtdfvau pfejtdf vau prfhmsbfaj`afl ueruűmaij u eruűmaij dfimc dfi mc abim gbf ob`i stvfrbtb l`jvab l`j vab prftfdf` zj l`jsfvau, b vbemf dfcuabdjobiu u pjdmtabc crműjcj. Fvji prftfdf` zjsafvja aj NUU[ prftfdf`u, abim svmfgunvjtja vmČ sm fs`jaij b aj
erulm prftfdf`m, pfimeafstjv`imaf _B[ fcfluČjvj dfcuabdjobiu dfij sm tjej vrŪb aj rjz`băbtm ajăbam, ajiămŪČm uz pfcfČ WU[ (Wmj` Ubcm Urjaspfrt [rftfof`) b _E[ (_mssbfa Emsorbptbfa [rftfof`) prftfdf`j. WU[ im BMUH-fv prftfdf` zj prmafs smsbij cu`tbcmebisdbn pfejtjdj u rmj`afc
vrmcmau, ud`iuăuiuČb juebf, vbemf b tmdstuj`am sjerűjim. FcfluČjvj dfebrjaim b prmtvjrjaim pfejtjdj u pjdmtm b prmafs prm afs tbn pjdmtj putmc batmramtj. bat mramtj. _E[ dfrbstb sm zj fpbsbvjaim b dfebrjaim cfluČafstb, feafsaf spfsfgafstb uămsabdj
smsbim. Fpbsbvjaim sm dfrbstb zj usd`jābvjaim djrjdtmrbstbdj smsb im im djdf gb svb s vb urmājib u rmājib u sbstmcu cfl`b rjvafprjvaf suem`fvjtb. _B[ spjej u tzv. Mae tf Mae sblaj`am prftfdf`m, Ūtf zajăb ej im stjaim crműm b `flbdj sprmc`imaj aj drjiaibc tjădjcj (urmājibcj) pj sjcbc tbcm am pfstfib imebastvmaj tj ădj
bspjej, Ūtf cu ejim fermāmau sdj`jgb`afst, af omaj zj tf im vmČm zjl`jv`i m pjdmtj. Drjiaim tjădm u _B[ sbstmcu bematbhbduiu sm _B[ dfrbsabobcj, feafsaf ]WB-cj (]WB, ]abhfrc
Wmsfurom
Baebojtfrs),
fg`bdfc
jermsm
dfij
`băb aj cjb` jermsu (fg`bdj
sbp9dfrbsabădfVbcmKefcmaj). Bstb ]WB cfűm s`uűbtb zj _B[ b`b m`mdtrfabădu pfŪtu Ūtf pfimeafstjv`iuim dfcuabdj obiu.
Djf b dfe prmtnfeaf spfcmautfl prftfdf`j, pfstfim crműab m`mcmatb, _B[ `flbădm imebabom, j tf su dfrbsabădb jlmatb (]smr Jlmats), prfxy smrvmr, rmlbstmr tm rmebrmot smrvmrb, dfib
sm pf pftrmgb cflu spjijtb djdf gb sm pfvmČj`j gr zbaj fgrjem bahfrcjobij, af tf zjvbsb f pfimebajăafi bcp`mcmatjobib bcp`mcm atjobib j`b b dfahblurjobib dfa hblurjobib sbstmcj.
:=
<. [WMEAF_UB B AMEF_UJOB XfB[-j
Djf b svjdj tmnaf`flbij dfij sm ef sjej vm`bdfc grzbafc rjzvbij`j, tjdf b XfB[, bcj`j im svfim prmeafstb b amefstjtdm.
<.:. [rmeafstb XfB[-j
XfB[ im imhtbabib fe fgbăam tm`mhfasdm vmzm dfiu ifŪ uvmd dfrbstb vmČbaj `iueb. Gb`f ej sm dfrbstb u duČjcj b`b aj pfs`u, zj pfzbvm uautjr erűjvm b`b cmāuajrfeam pfzbvm, XfB[ Ūtmeb afvjo.
CfluČafst batmlrjobim rjăuajrsdbn jp`bdjobij djf Ūtf su m-cjb`, hjx, wmg dfahmrmaobim b vbemf tm`mhfaj s fgbăabc tm`mhfafc.
CfluČm im "pfamtb" svfi grfi sj sfgfc u gb`f dfib emf svmtj lem pfstfib prbstup Batmramtu, tm prbăjtb s pjrtamrbcj pf omab `fdj`afl pfzbvj djf bz erűjvm ăbib scf dfrbsabd.
[flfeaf zj fam ăbib prbijtm`ib b pfrfebom űbvm aj imeafi fermāmafi `fdjobib. GueuČb ej bcjiu cfluČafst fejgrjtb v`jstbtb pfzbvab grfi, cflu tm`mhfabrjtb s aibcj pf omab `fdj`afl pfzbvj.
Amcj abdjdvbn trfŪdfvj tr fŪdfvj pfzbvj uautjr crműm, feafsaf fe afsaf jdf jd f su u bahrjstrudturb pfvmzjam uej`imam uej`i mam `fdjobim putmc Batmramtj, imebab trfŪjd im sjcj vmzj prmcj Batmramtu.
[ftpuaj dfatrf`j trfŪdfvj, u svjdfc trmautdu sm cfűm zajtb df`bdb su trfŪdfvb tm`mhfabrjaij b djdvj bc im strudturj.
Bzuzmtaf prbijtm`isdf fdruűmaim zj tm`mhfabrjaim. Wjăuajr abim prmeus`fv zj tm`mhfabrjaim, sjcf tm`mhfasdb urmāji.
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<.7. Amefstjob XfB[-j
Fgj uămsabdj cfrjiu gbtb bstfvrmcmaf fa`bam djdf gb sm uspfstjvbf rjzlfvfr, Ūtf zajăb ej Čm fgfim bcjtb trfŪdfvm.
Dvj`btmtj zvudj zjvbsb fe Batmramt vmzm, gf`ij vmzj fsblurjvj vmČu dvj`btm tu dfcuabdjobim b gf`im rjzucmvjaim sjlfvfrabdj.
[ftrmgaf im bcjtb efgru zvuăau djrtbou, cbdrfhfa b zvuăabdm b`b s ajiafvbifc tmnaf`flbifc tm`mhfa sj pferŪdfc XfB[-j.
Baűbaimrb dfib rjem aj uspfstjv`ijaiu XfB[ crműj ămstf zjamcjruiu sblurafsab jspmdt b prmtaiu bastj`jobim trfijasdfl dfaij dfibc sm cfűm uprjv`ijtb uej`imaf b
sabcjtb XfB[ rjzlfvfrm. Cj`blab dfrbsabd fvfl sfhtvmrj trmgj uăb u sjcf imeja rjăuajr u crműb ob`ijam frljabzjobim b tjej cfűm prbs`uŪdbvjtb svm XfB[ rjzlfvfrm.
Bpjd, cfűmcf zjd`iuăbtb ej fvji ajăba tm`mhfabrjaij bcj puaf vbŪm prmeafstb, tm ej Čm sm u sdfrfi gueuČafstb, uz rjzvfi fvm tmnaf`flbim, svm vbŪm `iueb prmgjobtb aj fvjdjv ajăba dfcuabdjobim.
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>. XfB[ [WFLWJCB Yj XfB[ tm`mhfabrjaim pftrmgaj ajc im fermāmaj prflrjcsdj pferŪdj. Uf su XfB[ prflrjcb fe dfibn su amdb _dypm, XfB[ _tuat, Xfbp Gustmr, Rjnff! CM__MALMW wbtn Xfbom, XfB[Onmjp, XfB[ Ebsofuat, Hjomgffd, Batmramtoj``s, Lffl`m tj`d, \njtsjpp, Cborfsfht AmtCmmtbal, C_A Cmssmalmr, Amt7pnfam, CmebjWbal Uj`d, Xbgmr...
Amdb fe fvbn prflrjcj cflu sm gmsp`jtaf prmuzmtb s Batmramtj, j udrjtdf
prmestjv`ijcf ajăba rjej pr flrjcj flrjcj _dypm, \njtsjpp b Xbgmr.
>.:. _dypm _dypm im jp`bdjobij dfij sm ijdf grzf prfŪbrb`j b ajb`jzb aj Ūbrfdu prbcmau cmāu dfrbsabobcj B[ tm`mhfabim. Uf im jp`bdjobij dfij fcfluČjvj gmsp`jtaf rjzlfvjrjaim sj erulbc dfrbsabobcj
jp`bdjobim, j`b bstf tjdf ajc pruűj b ijdf eulf fămdbvjau us`ulu tm`mhfabrjaij aj hbdsab b`b cfgb`ab tm`mhfa sj gb`f dfiml drjij svmtj pf `fdj`afi tjrbhb zmc`im u dfiu sm pfzbvj. Fvj jp`bdjobij Batmramt tm`mhfabrjaim prbg`bűjvj drjiaimc dfrbsabdu b ăbab lj drjiaim
imeafstjvabc zj dfrbŪtmaim. dfrbŪt maim. Om`b sbstmc fvjdvm dfcuabdjobim sm zjsabvj aj [7[:7 (pmmr-tf-pmmr) tmnaf`flbib.
Um`mhfabrjaim b rjzlfvjrjaim cmāu dfrbsabobcj abim imebaj prmeafst dfiu pruűj fvj jp`bdjobij, tu im b uspfstjv`ijaim dfahmrmaobisdm vmzm, s`jaim ejtftmdj prmdf bstfl batmrhmisj jp`bdjobim, tm
s`jaim tmdstuj`abn pfrudj. Jdf sm b ajstjvb tjdjv trmae, efČb Čm ef vm`bdfl fdrmtj aj trűbŪtu tm`mhfabim.
B ejajs sm dfe uvfāmaij afvbn us`ulj u tm`mhfabib svm vbŪm bem prmcj imebastvmafc rmŪmaiu, ejd`m imebastvmafi pjdmtafi rjăuajrsdfi crműb dfij im u cfluČafstb prmamtb svm vrstm pfejtjdj, s zjefvf`ijvjiuČfc zjefvf`ijvjiuČ fc dvj`btmtfc b sj zjefvf`ijvjiuČbc zj efvf`ijvjiuČbc sdupfc us`ulj.
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[7[ im dfaompt ucrműjvjaij rjăuajrj gmz pfs`uűbtm`ij, leim im svjd b rjăuajr batm`blmataj rjeaj stjaboj, dfij prfaj`jzb erulm rjăuajrm putmc grfjeojst mtnmramt pjdmtj, b dfcuabobrj s aibcj ebrmdtaf, gmz pftrmgm jutfrbzjobim jutfrbzjobim aj amdfc amdfc omatrj`afc smrvmru.
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_dypm djf prfimdjt dfib im zjpfămf djf ba bobijtbvj sdupj matuzbijstj, pfdjzuim ej trűbŪtm pfstfib, b ej Čm u gueuČafstb tm`mdfcuabdjobisdb fpmrjtfrb cfrjtb ijdf pjű`ibvf fejgrjtb svfim strjtmlbim rjzvfij aj trűbŪtu. _dypm prflrjc cfűm sm gmsp`jtaf prmuzmtb sj www.sdypm.ofc www.sdypm.ofc.. Yj dfrbŪtmaim _dypmj pftrmgja im rjăuajr, Batmramt vmzj, cbdrfhfa b zvuăabob. Dfcuabdjobij dfrbsabdj [O ‟ [O, [O - _cjrtpnfam im gmsp`jtaj, efd im zj dfcuabdjobiu tm`mhfa pftrmgaf bcjtb drmebt dfib sm cfűm dupbtb drmebtafc djrtbofc.
_`bdj ?9 Omam _dypm pfzbvj
_`bdj 59 Bzl`me _dypm batmrhmisj
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>.:.:. [ rmeafs rmeafs tb _ dypm-j
Afvbim srmestvf dfcuabdjobim df cuabdjobim dfim Čm sabzbtb sab zbtb trfŪdfvm tm`mhfabrjaij tm`mh fabrjaij4
Ajipfpu`jrabij jp`bdjobij dfij sm dfrbstb zj tm`mhfasdu dfcuabdjobiu prmdf batmramtj4
FcfluČujvj gmsp`jtaf tm`mhfabrjaim prmdf batmramtj bzcmāu gb`f dfij evj _dypm tm`mhfaj aj svmtu b tf vr`f imhtbaf.
>.:.7.]s `ul `ul m _ dypm-j
_dypmFut - fcfluČjvj dfrbsabobcj zvjaim fgbăabn b cfgb`abn tm`mhfaj4
_dypm Xfbomcjb` - fcfluČjvj dfrbsabobcj prbcjaim pfrudj efd su fesutab b`b am cflu prbcjtb pfzbvm aj aibnfv _dypm tm`mhfa4
_dypmBa - fcfluČjvj dfrbsabobcj prbcjaim pfzbvj s fgbăabn b cfgb`abn tm`mhfaj4
_dypm Hfrwjrebal ([rmuscmrjvjaim pfzbvj) - fcfluČujvj dfrbsabobcj prmuscmrjvjaim pfzbvj aj _dypm, hbdsab b`b cfgb`ab tm`mhfa4
_dypm Lrfups - fcfluČujvj imeafc dfrbsabdu ej uprjv`ij rjăuabcj lrupm
dfrbsabdj, Ūtf im pflfeaf zj hbrcm4
Fsafvaj us`ulj - rjzlfvfr bzcmāu evj _dypm dfrbsabdj putmc batmramtj im gmsp`jtja.
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>.7.
\njtsJpp \njtsJpp Cmssmalmr im vbŪmp`jthfrcsdj cfgb`aj jp`bdjobij zj s`jaim pfrudj dfij
Xjc efpuŪtj ej rjzcmaiuimtm pfrudm gmz p`jČjaij _C_ -j. \njtsJpp Cmssmalmr efstupja im zj b[nfam, G`jodGmrry, Jaerfbe, \baefws [nfam b Afdbj tm`mhfam b svb tb tm`mhfab cflu s `jtb pfrudm b imeab i meab erulbcj!
GueuČb ej \njtsJpp Cmssmalmr dfrbstb bstb batmramt pfejtdfvab p`ja dfib dfrbstbtm zj mcjb` b surhjaim batmramtfc, amcjtm efejtabn trfŪdfvj zj s`jaim pfrudj b dfatjdtbrjaim svfibn prbijtm`ij.
\njtsJpp fsbc cfluČafstb s`jaij pfrudj fcfluČjvj b NE juebf b vbemf pfzbvm. Djf efejtjd fsafvafc s`jaiu pfrudj, \njtsJpp dfrbsabob cflu drmbrjtb lrupm tm cmāusfgaf s`jtb amflrjabăma grfi s`bdj, vbemj b juebf pfrudj. Cjaj9 Dfrbsabd s dfibc
űm`bcf stupbtb u dfatjdt tjdfām cfrj bcjtb \njtsjpp
j p`bdjobiu b rjăua .
_`bdj =9 Bzl`me \njtsJ pp dfrbsabădfl
batmrhmisj batmrhmisj
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>.?. Xbgmr Xbgmr im jp`bdjobij zj pjcmtam tm`mhfam dfib dfrbsabobcj fcfluČjvj pfzbvm b s`jaim
gmsp`jtabn _C_ pfrudj. Xbgmr rjeb aj ?L b \bHb crműb. Yj rjz`bdu fe fstj`bn XfB[ us`ulj, d jf jf Ūtf su _dypm, Xbgmr am zjnt mvj dfrbsabădb
rjăua, tm fcfluČjvj bzrjvja pfzbv svbc cfgb`abc b hbdsabc crműjcj, leim im sfhtvmr bastj`brja aj fgj urmājij. Xbgmr im jp`bdjobij dfij im ajprjv`imaj fe strjam dfcpjabim Xbgmr Cmebj. Xbgmr Cmebj im dfcpjabij sj smebŪtmc aj Dbpru, j`b bcj svfim rjzvfiam omatrm u Gm`frusbib b Bzrjm`u. Fvu cfgb`au jp`bdjobiu im fsafvjf bzrjm`sdf-jcmrbădb gbzabscma Uj`cfa Cjrof.
_`bdj 89 Bzl`me Xbgmr dfrbsabădfl batmrhmisj
>.?.:.H uadob faj`a faj`afs fs t Xb gmrj gmrj Aj eau mdrjaj jp`bdjobim bcjiu bdfam zj prbstup pfrudjcj, pfpbs zjeaibn zjeai bn pfzbvj, dfatjdjtj, tjstjturm b fstj`bn fpobij. Ajdfa bastj`jobim dfrbsabădb rjăua sm cfűm stvfrbtb sj
svjdfl tm`mhfasdfl grfij djf dfrbsabădfl bcmaj. Xbgmr im sbanrfabzfvjc s bcmabdfc, tjdf ej dfrbsabob am trmgjiu efejvjtb dfatjdtm pfsmgaf. Fsbc tmdstuj`abn tmdstuj`ab n pfrudj, dfrbsabob cflu rjzcmaibvjtb rjzcm aibvjtb s`bdm, pfrudm, juebf b vbemf hji`fvm. 77
>.?.7.Efs tupafst tupafst Xb gmrj gmrj Jp`bdjobij im efstupaj zj Jaerfbe, G`jodGmrry F_, bF_, \baefws [nfam b Afdbj. Xbgmr jp`bdjobij im sjej efstupaj aj :; imzbdj, gmspjtaj im b prmcj amdbc prfaomajcj trmautaf bcj :<= cb`bfaj dfrbsabdj cjej sm tji grfi ijdf grzf pfvmČjvj. Xbgmr im gmsp`jtja udf`bdf pfzbvjcf dfrbsabdm dfib tjdfām bcjiu Xbgmr, ajp`jČuiu sm sjcf pfzbvb aj grfimvm dfib amcjiu Xbgmr b tf sm vrŪb pfcfČu Xbgmr Fut fpobim .
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YJD@I]ĀJD Fe pfstjadj batmrmatj pj ef ejajs su sm rjzvbij`m caflm stvjrb drmauvŪb fe prfbzvfeaim jutfcfgb`j, ju tfcfgb`j, rjăuajrsdm fprmcm tm rjăuajrj, r jăuajrj, cfgb`am fprmcm tm t m cfgb`abn c fgb`abn urmājij ur mājij svm ef crműam pfvmzjafstb b dfcuabdjobij cmāu dfrbsabobcj. ] ejajŪaim vrmcm im vr`f rmtdf ej Čmtm vbemtb c`jāu fsfgu fe ?; lfe. dfij amcj cfgb`ab urmāji u eűmpu feafsaf u ruob Ūtf im svjdejŪaib prbzfr. Djej im rmă f dfcuabdjobib putmc cfgbtm`j faej scf aj imeafc vr`f vbsfdfc stmpmau pfvmzjafstb imr im cfgb`ab cf gb`ab batmramt tf`bdf rj sprfstrjaima ej lj sdfrf svjdj erulj fsfgj dfrbstb. Jdf im r mă mă f dfcuabdjobib pfzbvjaimc b`b scs-fvb dfib sm ajp`jČuiu putmc cfgb`am
tm`mhfabim faej im tf vmČ cj`f rmāb s`uăji imr b cjcf batmramt b rjzcimaiuimcf pfzbvm b pfrudm putmc batmramtj feafsaf feafsa f amdbc imhtbabibc imhtbabib c ajăbafc. ]df`bdf lfvfrbcf f XfB[-u cfűmcf s`fgfeaf tvrebtb ej im amdf`bdf cb`bfaj `iueb u tfdu 75 sjtj dfrbstb`f imeja fe gmsp`jtabn XfB[ sfhtvmrj. Umnaf`flbij im uzajprmefvj`j ef tfl stmpmaj ej evm fsfgm smem svjdj dfe svfim duČm,
pbiu djhu b prbăjiu putmc _dypm-j. Āmcu tf6 Felfvfr im vr`f imeafstjvja9 vr`f im imhtbaf lftfvf sm b am p`jČj pj zjŪtf gb bŪ`b = db`fcmtjrj jutfc b`b gbobd`fc zgfl bstfl uűbtdj. Ufdfc lfebaj su sm rjzvbij`b rjzab prftfdf`b dfib su uajprmeb`b dfcuabdjobiu b sabzb`b
omam dfcuabdjobim. [fvmzbvjaim aj hbdsau crműu im imeafstjvaf uz pfcfČ amdbn batmrhmisj ti. cmāusd`fpfvj. Ejajs lftfvf svm vmČm hjgrbdm pj b amdm vmČm djaom`jrbim dfrbstm XfB[. Aj dr jiu jiu fvfl smcbajrsdfl rjej cflu s`fgfeaf ej zjd`iuăbc ej im prftmd`bn lfebaj gb`f caflf hbdsam `babim j vmfcj cj`f batmramt dfcuabdjobij. Ejajs sm tf svm prfcmab`f, prfcmab`f , svbcj zvfam tm`mhfab puab pfrudj b pfzbvj prmdf XfB[-j.
XfB[ Čm sm u gueuČafstb tf`bdf rjzvbijtb ej ij `băaf fămduimc ej Čm u pftpuafstb prmfv`jejtb aje hbdsafc tm`mhfabifc imr XfB[ Ūtmeb ijdf puaf afvjoj j tf im ejajs ajigbtabim sdfrf svbcj.
Aj drjiu, cflu sjcf rmČb9 rm Čb9 Nvj`j XfB[ -u.
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@BUMWJU]WJ :) Gjrfa, E. (7;;=). _B[ Gjsbos. CBU. Gjsbos. CBU. 7) Cborfsfht. (7;;<). Fsafvm rjăuajrsdbn crműj. (_. NfeűbČ, [rmv.) Gmflrje. ?) Ujamagjuc, J. (7;;=). Wjăuajrsdm (7;;=). Wjăuajrsdm crműm. c rműm. (E. _cb`ijabČ, [rmv.) 5) XmbafvbČ , C., & ImvrmcfvbČ, J. (7;;>). ]vfe u rjăuajrsdm crműm. Gmflrje. crműm. Gmflrje. =) XmbafvbČ, C., & ImvrmcfvbČ, J. (7;::). Wjăuajrsdm Wjăuajrsd m crműm. Gmflrje. crműm. Gmflrje. 8) _blurafst XfB[-j (nttp nttp9//stuematb.rs/sdrbptm/bahfrcjobfam-tmnaf`flbim/sblurafst-vfbp-j 9//stuematb.rs/sdrbptm/bahfrcjobfam-tmnaf`flbim/sblurafst-vfbp-j ) 7<.::.7;:8 <) Xfbom fvmr B[ (nttps9//ma.wbdbpmebj.frl/wbdb/XfbomVfvmrVB[ nttps9//ma.wbdbpmebj.frl/wbdb/XfbomVfvmrVB[ )) 7<.::.7;:8
7=
@B_UJ _@BDJ _`bdj :9 [rfoms prmafŪmaij sblaj`j dfe XfB[ -j ................................................................. .......................................... ....................... 2 _`bdj 79 [rftfdf`b XfB[-j .................................................................................................. :: _`bdj ?9 Omam _dypm pfzbvj .............................................................................................. :2 _`bdj 59 Bzl`me _dypm batmrhmisj ............... ....................... ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ................ .......... .. :2
_`bdj =9 Bzl`me \njtsJpp dfrbsabădfl batmrhmisj .................................................... ........................... ................................. ........ 7: .................................................................... .......................... 77 _`bdj 89 Bzl`me Xbgmr dfrbsabădfl batmrhmisj ..........................................
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