OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^uk Ngcm Ars/Rmm` Sgthi Ars
< 84E^1>3/84N^1>3 < 43 < =;
EH Jhr`s Mxhj Agurs Mxhj Jhr`s
< ;= < 4> < 844
TH[S „ H H ]OES 8 2 Agurs Eotrgcuntego< Hohigby gf Smimpagom Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot, Chth hoc Smimngjjuoenhtego Omtwgr` Cestrekutmc ngjputeob Movergojmots, SNT/ET-Khsmc Omtwgr`s< Sam Eotmromt hoc Eotrhomts, Ngjjuoenhtegos Trgtgngis hoc ^thochrcs- Ngjjuoenhtego Hrnaetmnturms, Trgtgngi Ihymrs hoc ^mrvenms0 Nhsm Aestgrems gf Omtwgr`eob hoc Jhohbmjmot „ Sam Sam Ejpgrthonm gf tgpgigby , Feitmreob Cgms Ogt [mcunm Ighc go Ogcm, ^gjm Ngjjgo Omtwgr` Trgkimjs0 Nahiimobms gf Eofgrjhtego Smnaogigby Jhohbmrs, Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot< Bghis, Grbhoezhtego, hoc Fuontegos- Bghi gf Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot, Omtwgr` Trgvesegoeob, Omtwgr` Gpmrhtegos hoc tam OGN, Omtwgr` Eosthiihtego hoc Jheotmohonm0 Omtwgr` hoc ^ystmj Jhohbmjmot, Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot ^ystmj pihtfgrj, Nurrmot ^thtus hoc Futurm gf Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot. ]OES ; 6 Agurs Khsen Fguochtegos< ^thochrcs, Jgcmis, hoc Ihobuhbm< Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot ^thochrcs, Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Jgcmi, Grbhoezhtego Jgcmi, Eofgrjhtego Jgcmi „ Jhohbmjmot Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Srmms, Jhohbmc Gklmnt Tmrspmntevms, Ngjjuoenhtego Jgcmi0 H^O.8- Smrjeogigby, ^yjkgis, hoc Ngovmotegos, Gklmnts hoc Chth Sypms, Gklmnt Ohjms, Ho Mxhjpim gf H^O.8 frgj E^G 11;30 Mongceob ^trunturm0 Jhnrgs, Fuontegohi Jgcmi. ]OES > 6 Agurs ^OJTv8 Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot - 8 < Jhohbmc Omtwgr`< Sam Aestgry gf ^OJT Jhohbmjmot, Eotmromt Grbhoezhtegos hoc sthochrcs, Eotmromt Cgnujmots, Sam ^OJT Jgcmi, Sam Grbhoezhtego Jgcmi, ^ystmj Gvmrvemw. ]OES 3 2 Agurs ^OJTv8 Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot „ ;< Sam Eofgrjhtego Jgcmi „ Eotrgcuntego, Sam ^trunturm gf Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego, Jhohbmc Gklmnts, Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Khsm.Sam ^OJT Ngjjuoenhtego Jgcmi „ Sam ^OJT Hrnaetmnturm, Hcjeoestrhtevm Jgcmi, ^OJT ^pmnefenhtegos, ^OJT Gpmrhtegos, ^OJT JEK Brgup, Fuontegohi Jgcmi
TH[S - K ]OES = 6 Agurs ^OJT Jhohbmjmot „ [JGO< [mjgtm Jgoetgreob, [JGO ^JE hoc JEK, [JGOE8- [JGO8 Smxtuhi Ngovmotegos, [JGO8 Brgups hoc Fuontegos, [mihtegosaep Kmtwmmo Ngotrgi hoc Chth Shkims, [JGO8 Ngjjgo hoc Mtamromt Brgups, [JGO Sg`mo [eob Mxtmosego Brgups, [JGO; „ Sam [JGO; Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Khsm, [JGO; Ngofgrjhonm Ngofgrjhonm ^pmnefenhtegos0 HSJ [mjgtm [mjgtm Jgoetgreob, H Nhsm ^tucy gf Eotmromt Srhffen ]seob [JGO. ]OES 6 6 Agurs Krghckhoc Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot< HSJ Omtwgr`s< Krghckhoc Omtwgr`s hoc ^mrvenms, HSJ Smnaogigby „ Vertuhi Thta-Vertuhi Nernuet, SJ Thn`mt ^ezm, Eotmbrhtmc ^mrvenm, ^GOMS, HSJ IHO Mjuihtego, Vertuhi IHO0 HSJ Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot „ Sam Sam HSJ Omtwgr` [mfmrmonm Jgcmi, Sam Eotmbrhtmc Ignhi Jhohbmjmot Eotmrfhnm, Sam HSJ Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Khsm, Sam [gim gf ^OJT hoc EIJE eo HSJ Jhohbmjmot, J8 Eotmrfhnm< Jhohbmjmot gf HSJ Omtwgr` Mimjmot, J; Eotmrfhnm< Jhohbmjmot gf Trevhtm Omtwgr`s, J> Eotmrfhnm< Nustgjmr Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot gf Tukien Omtwgr`s, J3 Eotmrfhnm< Tukien Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot, Jhohbmjmot gf IHO Mjuihtego, HSJ Cebethi Mxnahobm Eotmrfhnm Jhohbmjmot.
]OES 2 6 Agurs Krghckhoc Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot< Krghckhoc Hnnmss Omtwgr`s hoc Smnaogigbems „ Krghckhoc Hnnmss Omtwgr`s, rghckhoc Hnnmss Smnaogigby0 AFNS Smnaogigby „ Sam Krghckhoc IHO, Sam Nhkim Jgcmj, Sam Nhkim Jgcmj Smrjeohtego ^ystmj, Sam AFN Tihot, Sam [F ^pmntruj fgr Nhkim Jgcmj0 Chth Chth Gvmr Nhkim [mfmrmonm Hrnaetmnturm0 AFN Jhohbmjmot „ Nhkim Nhkim Jgcmj hoc NJS^ Jhohbmjmot, AFN Ieo` Jhohbmjmot, [F ^pmntruj Jhohbmjmot, C^I Smnaogigby0 Hsyjjmtren Cebethi ^uksnrekmr Ieom Smnaogigby „ [gim gf tam HC^I Hnnmss Omtwgr` eo ho Gvmrhii Omtwgr`, HC^I Hrnaetmnturm, HC^I Nahoomieob ^namjms, HC^I Mongceob ^namjms0 HC^I Jhohbmjmot „ HC^I Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Mimjmots, HC^I Ngofeburhtego Jhohbmjmot, HC^I Fhuit Jhohbmjmot, HC^I Tmrfgrjhonm Jhohbmjmot, ^OJT-Khsmc HC^I Ieom JEK, JEK Eotmbrhtego weta Eotmrfhnms Brgups eo JEK-;, HC^I Ngofeburhtego Trgfeims. ]OES 1 1 Agurs Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Hppienhtegos< Ngofeburhtego Jhohbmjmot- Omtwgr` Trgvesegoeob, Eovmotgry Jhoh bmjmot, Omtwgr` Sgpgigby, Fhuit Jhohbmjmot- Fhuit Cmtmntego, Fhuit Ignhtego hoc Esgihtego Smnaoequms, Tmrfgrjhonm Jhohbmjmot „ Tmrfgrjhonm Jmtrens, Chth Jgoetgreob, Trgkimj Esgihtego, Tmrfgrjhonm ^thtestens0 Mvmot Ngrrmihtego Smnaoequms „ [uim-Khsmc [mhsgoeob, Jgcmi-Khsmc [mhsgoeob, Nhsm-Khsmc [mhsgoeob, Ngcmkgg` ngrrmihtego Jgcmi, ^thtm Srhosetego Brhpa Jgcmi, Feoetm ^thtm Jhnaeom Jgcmi, ^mnurety Jhohbmjmot „ Tgienems hoc Trgnmcurms, ^mnurety Krmhnams hoc tam [msgurnms Ommcmc tg Trmvmot Samj, Fermwhiis, Nryptgbrhpay, Hutamotenhtego hoc Hutagrezhtego, Niemot/^mrvmr Hutamotenhtego ^ystmjs, Jmsshbms Sr hosfmr ^mnurety, Trgtmntego gf Omtwgr`s frgj Verus Htthn`s, Hnnguoteob Jhohbmjmot, [mpgrt Jhohbmjmot, Tgieny-Khsmc Jhohbmjmot, ^mrvenm Imvmi Jhohbmjmot.
Smxt Kgg`s< 8. Jhoe ^ukrhjhoeho< Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot- Treonepims hoc Trhntenm, Tmhrsgo Mcunhtego, ;44>.
SHKIM GF NGOSMOS^
]OES 8< CHSH NGJJ]OENHSEGO & OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS GVM[VEMR
8-8=
]OES ;< KH^EN FG]OCHSEGO – ^SHOCH[C^, JGCMI^ & IHOB]HBM
86-;=
]OES >< ^OJTV8 OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS – G[BHOE\HSEGO & EOFG[JHSEGO JGCMI^
;6-;1
]OES 3< ^OJTV8 OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS – G[BHOE\HSEGO & EOFG[JHSEGO JGCMI^ (NGOS.)
;5-32
]OES =< ^OJT JHOHBMJMOS „ [JGO
31-=3
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES 8< CHSH NGJJ]OENHSEGO & OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS GVM[VEMR HOHIGBU GF SMIMTAGOM OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS J HOHBMJMOS Ray Smimpagom Omtwgr` es pgpuihr7 • Saes es rmiehkim • Saes es cmpmochkim • Sam Xgs es bmomrhiiy bggc Smimpagom Omtwgr` Jgcmi H truo` es es h igbenhi ieo` kmtwmmo twg swetnams taht jhy trhvmrsm gom gr jgrm paysenhi ieo`s (Feburm< 8.8). Sam nustgjmr's tmimpagom waena es h swetna go tam nustgjmr prmjesms, es ngoomntmc tg tam moc gffenm veh h cmcenhtmc ieo` nhiimc h iggp. Sam cermnt cesthonm cehieob (CCC) omtwgr`, waena mohkims us tg cehi fhr-moc tmimpagom w/g ho gpmrhtgr's hssesthonm, ngjpresms fgiigweob > trhosjessego truo`s< 8) h cermnt truo` ngoomnts ; moc gffenms ;) h tgii ngoomnteob truo` ngoomnts ho moc gffenm tg hoy tgii gffenm >) h tgii truo` ngoomnts hoy ; tgii gffenms H nernuet ngoomntego es smt up metamr cermntiy useob h ignhi truo` gr veh tam aebamr imvmi swetnams & rgutms. Trejhry & smngochry rgutms hrm hirmhcy prgbrhjjmc eotg tam swetna. Ef tam prejhry rgutm es krg`mo gr tam fhneietems gvmr tam prejhry rgutm hrm feiimc tg nhphnety, ho hitmrohtevm rgutm es hutgjhtenhiiy hssebomc. Gpmrhtegos suppgrt systmjs mosurm tam quhiety gf smrvenm eo tam tmimpagom omtwgr`. Fgr h bevmo rmbego, tamrm es h OGN (Omtwgr` Gpmrhtegos Nmotmr) Nmotmr) wamrm tam bigkhi sthtus gf tam omtwgr` es jgoetgrmc. Sam OGN es tam omrvm nmotmr gf tmimpagom omtwgr` gpmrhtegos. • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
CHSH (NGJT]SM[) & SMIMNGJJ]OENHSEGO OMSRG[@^ SA[MM JGCM^ GF CHSH S[HO^JE^^EGO Sam chth nho km trhosjettmc eo gom gf > jgcms< 8) Nernuet swetnamc ;) Jmsshbm swetnamc gr >) Thn`mt swetnamc. Eo tam nernuet swetnamc jgcm, h paysenhi nernuet es msthkiesamc kmtwmmo tam grebeohteob & tmrjeohteob mocs kmfgrm tam chth es trhosjettmc. Sam nernuet es cesngoomntmc hftmr ngjpimtego gf trhosjessego. Eo jmsshbm-swetnamc & phn`mt-swetnamc jgcms, tam chth es krg`mo eotg phn`mts & mhna phn`mt es movmigpmc weta tam cmsteohtego & grebeohteob hccrmssms. Jmsshbm-swetnamc jgcm es usmc tg smoc igob jmsshbms suna hs mjhei. Ramrmhs ,Thn`mt swetnamc jgcm es usmc tg trhosjet sjhii phn`mts usmc eo hppienhtegos suna hs eotmrhntevm ngjjuoenhtego. Eo jmsshbm swetnamc jgcm, tam chth es stgrmc ky tam systmj & tamo rmtremvmc ky tam usmr ht h ihtmr tejm. Eo phn`mt swetnamc jgcm, tam phn`mts hrm frhbjmotmc & rmhssmjkimc eo hijgst rmhi te jm. Sam krecbms & rgutmrs gpmo mhna phn`mt tg feoc tam cmsteohtego hccrmss & swetna tam chth tg tam hpprgprehtm gutput ieo`s. •
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CHSH & SMIMNGJJ]OENHSEGO OMSRG[@^ Smimngjjuoenhtego omtwgr` es h nernuet-swetnamc omtwgr` taht es strunturmc hs h pukien omtwgr` hnnmssekim ky hoy usmr (Feburm< 8.>). Sam grbhoezhtego taht prgvecms smrvenm es nhiimc h tmimngjjuoenhtego smrvenm prgvecmr M.b. K^OI, Hertmi. Sg eotmrfhnm, h tmrjeohi gr agst ngoomntmc tg ho moc-gffenm swetna ngjjuoenhtms weta tam agst ngoomntmc tg hogtamr moc-gffenm swetna ky jgcmjs ht mhna moc. Jgcmjs trhosfmr tam eofgrjhtego frgj cebethi tg hohigb ht s gurnm & khn` tg cebethi ht cmsteohtego. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
EOSM[EJ NG[TG[HSM CHSH & SMIMNGJJ]OENHSEGO OMSRG[@ H oujkmr gf tmimpagoms & ngjputmrs tmr jeohis ht vhregus ngrpgrhtm setms hrm ngoomntmc ky tam tmimngjjuoenhtego omtwgr` (Feburm< 8.3). Sam tmimpagom hrm ngoomntmc ignhiiy ky h ignhi swetna, TKQ, waena eotmrfhnms tg tam tmimpagom omtwgr`. Sam ngjputmr tmrjeohis hrm ngoomntmc tg gosetm ngjjuoenhtego ngotrgiimrs, waena jhohbms tam ignhi tmrjeohis & prgvecms h seobim eotmrfhnm tg tam tmimpagom tmimpagom omtwgr`. Eo tam hkgvm ngrpgrhtm movergojmot, tam ngjputmr tmrjeohis ngjjuoenhtm cermntiy weta tam agst. Saes ngjjuoenhtego systmj hrnaetmnturm es mxpmosevm & eomffenemot kmnhusm tam usmr ahs tg phy fgr tam chth trhffen gvmr tam pukien gr imhsmc tmimngjjuoenhtegos ieom. Sg rmcunm tam ngst & ejprgvm tam pmrfgrjhonm, tam ngjputmr tmrjeohis nho ngjjuoenhtm weta h ignhi ngjjuoenhtegos prgnmssgr, waena nho tamo ngjjuoenhtm weta rmjgtm agsts. Trgnmssgr-tg-prgnmssgr ngjjuoenhtegos gvmr tam tmimngjjuoenhtegos ieoms th`ms imss tejm & tamrmfgrm hrm imss mxpmosevm. •
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EKJ ^U^SMJ^ OMSRG[@ H[NAESMNS][M JGCMI Eo ^OH, tam agst es ngoomntmc tg tam tmrjeohis veh tam ngjjuoenhtegos ngotrgiimrs & niustmr ngotrgiimrs. Niustmr ngotrgiimrs jhohbm tam CSMs ht tam pmrepamrhi ogcms & tam ngjjuoenhtego ngotrgiimrs jhohbm tam trhffen ht tam sukomtwgr` imvmis (Feburm< 8.=). • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
CNM (CE^S[EK]SMC NGJT]SEOB MOVE[GOJMOS) ^EJTIM NIEMOS/^M[VM[ JGCMI Sam niemot eoetehtms h rmqumst tg tam smrvmr & whets (Feburm< 8.2). Sam smrvmr mxmnutms tam prgnmss tg prgvecm tam rmqumstmc smrvenm & smocs t am rmsuits tg tam niemot. Sam niemot nhoogt eoetehtm h prgnmss eo tam smrvmr. Saus, tam prgnmss saguic ahvm hirmhcy kmmo sthrtmc eo tam smrvmr & km wheteob fgr rmqumsts tg km prgnmssmc. • • •
JGCMI GF NIEMOS/^M[VM[ OMSRG[@ EO H CNM Mhna niemot's rmqumst es ogrjhiiy prgnmssmc ky tam smrvmr hnngrceob tg tam FEFG ruim (Feburm< 8.1,). Saes cmihy nguic km jeoejezmc, kut ogt miejeohtmc ky ngonurrmot prgnmsseob gf rmqumsts ky tam smrvmr. ^eonm tam niemot & hppienhtego prgnmssms hrm ruooeob eo h cestrekutmc ngjputeob movergojmot, mhna gf tamj nho km cmsebomc tg mxmnutm h spmnefen fuontego mffenemotiy. Fgr mxhjpim, lgm.stgom useob h niemot eo h omtwgr` smocs h jmsshbm tg shiiy.lgomsDcmst.ngj go tam omtwgr`. Sam jmsshbm ferst bgms tg tam jhei smrvmr go tam omtwgr`. Kmfgrm et nho prgnmss tam rmqumst, tam jhei smrvmr ommcs tg `ogw tam omtwgr` hccrmss gf shiiy.lgoms, waena es cmpt.ngj.. Samrmfgrm, et jh`ms h rmqumst tg tam CO^ go tam omtwgr` fgr tam rguteob eofgrjhtego fgr tam hccrmss gf cmpt.ngj Ramo et rmnmevms taht eofgrjhtego, et smocs gut l gm.stgom's jmsshbm veh tam krecbm tg tam omtwgr`. Eo taes mxhjpim, tam jhei smrvmr kmahvms kgta hs h smrvmr & hs h niemot. Sam > prgnmssms eo taes snmohreg, ohjmiy tam niemot, tam jhei smrvmr hoc tam CO^ hrm ngosecmrmc nggpmrhtevm ngjputeob prgnmssms & jhy km ruooeob eo > smphrhtm pihtfgrjs go rmjgtm IHOs ngoomntmc ky h RHO. Sam ngjjuoenhtego kmtwmmo tamsm prgnmssms es nhiimc pmmr-tg-pmmr ngjjuoenhtego. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
SNT/ET-KH^MC OMSRG[@^< SAM EOSM[OMS HOC EOS[HOMS SNT/ET es h suetm gf prgtgngis taht mohkim omtwgr`s tg km eotmrngoomntmc. SNT/ET fgrjs tam khsen fguochtego gf tam Eotmromt( Feburm<8.5). Sam ogcms eo tam omtwgr` usm omtwgr` prgtgngi ohjmc ET tg rgutm phn`mts. ET es h ngoomntegoimss prgtgngi. Saht jmhos tamrm es og buhrhotmm taht tam phn`mts weii km cmievmrmc tg tam cmsteohtego ogcm. Agwmvmr, moc-tg-moc ngjjuoenhtego nho km buhrhotmmc ky useob tam trhospgrt prgtgngi, SNT. SNT es ngoomntego-gremotmc prgtgngi. Ramrmhs , ]CT es h ngoomntegoimss prgtgngi. Juna gf Eotmromt trhffen rmhiiy usms ]CT/ET, kmnhusm gf tam rmiehkeiety gf chth trhosjessego. Sam Eotmromt es h omtwgr` gf omtwgr`s. Ramrmhs, Ho eotrhomt es h prevhtm omtwgr` & hnnmss tg et es ngotrgiimc ky tam motmrpresm taht gwos et, wamrmhs tam Eotmromt es pukien. Bhtmwhys kmtwmmo IHOs smrvm hs tam eotmrfhnms kmtwmmo cessejeihr & eocmpmocmot, hutgogjgus omtwgr`s & pmrfgrj jhoy fuontegos eoniuceob prgtgngi ngovmrsegos. ngovmrsegos. • • • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
EOSM[OMS FHK[EN JGCMI Sam wgr`sthtegos kmigob tg tam usmr pihom, tam IHOs tg tam IHO pihom, & RHOs tg tam RHO pihom. Sam eotmrfhnms hrm cmfeomc hs tam fhkrens (Feburm< 8.84). JHN fhkren eotmrfhnms tam usmr pihom & tam IHO pihom. Sam usmr's wgr`sthtego eotmrfhnms tg h IHO veh h JHN IHOs eotmrfhnm tg h RHO ky h swetnaeob fhkrens gf krecbms, rgutmrs & swetnams. Mhna RHO nho km ngosecmrmc ho hutgogjgus omtwgr`, & amonm ommcs h bhtmwhy tg ngjjuoenhtm weta hogtamr RHO. Bhtmwhy fhkren eotmrngoomnts ceffmrmot RHOs. • • • • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
NGJJ]OENHSEGO T[GSGNGI^ HOC ^SHOCH[C^ NGJJ]OENHSEGO H[NAESMNS][M Ngjjuoenhtego kmtwmmo usmrs gnnurs ht vhregus imvmis. Mhna systmj nho km cevecmc eotg ; krghc smts gf ngjjuoenhtego ihymrs. Sam tgp smt gf ihymrs ngosests gf tam hppienhtego ihymrs & tam kgttgj smt gf tam trhospgrt ihymrs. Sam usmrs eotmrfhnm weta tam hppienhtego imvmi ihymr & tam ngjjuoenhtego mquepjmot eotmrfhnms weta tam paysenhi jmceuj. Eo Feburm<8.88h, cermnt ngjjuoenhtego gnnurs kmtwmmo tam ngrrmspgoceob nggpmrhteob ihymrs gf mhna systmj. Eo Feburm<8.88k, tam moc systmjs ngjjuoenhteob veh ho eotmrjmcehtm systmj O, waena mohkims tam usm gf ceffmrmot paysenhi jmceh fgr tam ; moc systmjs. ^ystmj O ngovmrts tam trhospgrt ihymr eofgrjhtego eotg tam hpprgprehtm prgtgngis. • •
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G^E NGJJ]OENHSEGO H[NAESMNS][M G^E jgcmi whs cmvmigpmc khsmc go tam prmjesm taht tam ceffmrmot ihymrs gf prgtgngi prgvecm ceffmrmot smrvenms, hoc taht mhna ihymr nho ngjjuoenhtm weta goiy ets gwo omebakgreob imvmi (Feburm< 8.8;). Swg systmjs nho ngjjuoenhtm go h pmmr-tg-pmmr imvmi e.m. ht tam shjm imvmi gf t am prgtgngi. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
TC] NGJJ]OENHSEGO JGCMI KMSRMMO MOC ^U^SMJ^ Sam jmsshbm eo mhna ihymr es ngotheomc eo jmsshbm uoets nhiimc prgtgngi chth uoets (TC]s), waena ngosests gf twg phrts-- TNE(prgtgngi ngotrgi eofgrjhtego) & ]C(usmr chth) (Feburm<8.83). TNE ngotheos amhcmr eofgrjhtego hkgut tam ihymr. ]C ngotheos tam chth taht tam ihymr, hnteob hs h smrvenm prgvecmr, rmnmevms frgj gr trhosjets tg tam uppmr ihymr/smrvenm usmr ihymr. Sam sezm gf tam TC] eonrmhsms hs et bgms tgwhrc igwmr ihymrs. Ef tam sezm gf tam TC] mxnmmcs tam jhxejuj sezm gf ihymrs spmnefenhtegos, et es frhbjmotmc eotg juitepim phn`mts. Saus, h seobim hppienhtego-ihymr TC] nguic juitepiy eotg smvmrhi paysenhi TC]s. •
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G^E IHUM[^ & ^M[VENM^ Taysenhi ihymr ihymr • •
Srhosfmrs tg & bhtamrs frgj tam paysenhi jmceuj rhw ket chth (Feburm< 8.8>). Ahocims paysenhi & mimntrenhi eotmrfhnms tg tam trhosjessego jmceuj.
Chth ieo` ihymr ihymr • • •
Ngosests gf twg sukihymrs< IIN(Igbenhi ieo` ngotrgi) & JHN(Jmceuj hnnmss ngotrgi). IIN fgrjhts tam chth tg bg go tam jmceuj, pmrfgrjs mrrgr ngotrgi & figw ngotrgi. JHN ngotrgis chth trhosfmr tg & frgj IHO, rmsgivms ngofients weta gtamr chth go IHO.
Omtwgr` i hymr hymr •
Fgrjs tam swetnaeob/rguteob ihymr gf tam omtwgr`.
Sr hospgrt hospgrt ihymr ihymr • • • •
Juitepimxms & cmjuitepimxms jmsshbms frgj hppienhtegos. Hnts hs h trhosphrmot ihymr tg hppienhtegos & taus esgihtms tamj frgj tam trhospgrt systmj ihymrs. Jh`ms & krmh`s ngoomntegos fgr ngoomntego-gremotmc ngjjuoenhtegos. Ngotrgis figw gf chth eo kgta cermntegos.
^mss ^mssee go i hymr
Msthkiesams & nimhrs smssegos fgr hppienhtegos, hoc taus jeoejezms igss gf chth cureob ihrbm chth mxnahobm. •
Trmsm Trmsmothte go ihymr • •
Trgvecms h smt gf sthochrc prgtgngis sg taht tam cespihy wguic km trhosphrmot tg syothx gf tam hppienhtego. Chth monryptego & cmnryptego.
Hppie nhtego ihym ihymr •
Trgvecms hppienhtego-spmnefen prgtgngis fgr mhna hppienhtego & mhna trhospgrt prgtgngi systmj.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
TAU^ENHI IHUM[ Saes es rmspgosekim fgr paysenhiiy pihneob tam mimntrenhi sebohi go tam paysenhi jmceuj & pen`eob up tam sebohi frgj et. Saes ngotrgis & jhohbms tam paysenhi & mimntrenhi eotmrfhnms tg tam paysenhi jmceuj, eoniuceob tam ngoomntgr gr trhosnmevmr. Sam paysenhi jmceuj nguic km ngppmr, gptenhi fekmr gr wermimss jmceh. Sam sebohi nguic km metamr cebethi gr hohigb. •
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CHSH IEO@ IHUM[ Sam chth ngjjuoenhtego kmtwmmo ; CSMs es ngotrgiimc & jhohbmc ky taes ihymr. Sam chth ngjjuoenhtego es h smrehi ket-gremotmc strmhj. Sam chth ieo` ihymr ommcs tg cg khsen fuontegos< 8) Msthkiesa & nimhr tam ieo`, hoc ;) Srhosjet tam chth. Saes cgms mrrgr ngotrgi & chth ngjprmssego. Figw ngotrgi es cgom go h agp-tg-agp khses. Saes es cevecmc eotg twg sukihymrs--IIN & JHN (Feburm< 8.8=). Sam igwmr JHN ihymr ngotrgis tam hnnmss & trhosjetthi gf chth tg tam paysenhi ihymr eo ho hibgretajen jhoomr. IIN pmrfgrjs tam ieo` jhohbmjmot & chth trhosfmr. Samrm hrm twg khsen fgrjs gf IHOs--Mtamromt IHO es h kus typm & tam jmceh es hnnmssmc useob h cestrekutmc prgkhkeiesten hibgretaj, N^JH/NC Sam smngoc typm gf IHO es h reob typm usmc eo tg`mo reob & FCCE.H cmtmrjeoesten tg`mo-phsseob hibgretaj es usmc eo taes nhsm. • • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
OMSRG[@ IHUM[ Saes ngotrgis & jhohbms tam swetnaeob fhkren gf tam omtwgr` (Feburm< 8.8 6). Saes prgvecms kgta NIO^ (ngoomntegoimss omtwgr` smrvenms) & NGO^ (Ngoomntego gremotmc omtwgr` smrvenm). NIO^ es usmc wamo tam igwmr ihymrs hrm aebaiy rmiehkim suna hs IHOs & krecbms hs wmii hs wamo tam jmsshbms hrm sagrt. NGO^ es tam jmtagc fgr trhosjetteob igob jmsshbms suna hs feim trhosfmr. Saes es hisg usmc wamo tam trhosjessego jmceuj es ogt rmiehkim. Sam G^E hrnaetmnturm jgcmi ahocims taes ky ceveceob tam omtwgr` ihymr eotg > sukihymrs< 8) ^OENT (^ukomtwgr` Eocmpmocmot Ngovmrbmonm Trgtgngi) ;) ^OCNT (^ukomtwgr` Cmpmocmot Ngovmrbmonm Trgtgngi) >) ^OCHT (^ukomtwgr` Cmpmocmot Hnnmss Trgtgngi) (Feburm< 8.82) Sam Eotmromt ngjjuoenhtms kmtwmmo ogcms useob h Eotmromt hccrmss hoc tam ^OENT. Sam ogcms eo turo ngjjuoenhtm weta sukomtwgr`s useob tam ^OCNT, waena cmpmocs go tam sukomtwgr` prgtgngi & nguic km hoy prgpremthry prgtgngi. Eo suna h setuhtego, tam ^OCNT ^OCNT ngjjuoenhtms weta ets chth ieo` ihymr veh tam ^OCHT. • •
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T[M^MOSHSEGO IHUM[ Saes es tam jmceuj gf prmsmothtego gf tam jmsshbm's ngotmxt tg tam usmr gr hppienhtego prgbrhj. Saes es ngotmxt smosetevm ihymr. Saes nho km eotmrprmtmc hs tam ngjjgo ihobuhbms & ejhbm taht tam usmrs ht kgta moc systmjs usm & u ocmrsthoc. • • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
NGJTH[E^GO GF ^OH, G^E HOC EOSM[OMS T[GSGNGI IHUM[ J GCMI^ Sam trhospgrt & omtwgr` ihymrs fgrj tam suetm gf SNT/ET prgtgngis. Sam hppienhtego ihymrs hrm ngjkeomc eotg hppienhtego-spmnefen prgtgngis (Feburm< 8.81). Eo tam 2-ihymrmc ^OH jgcmi, tam paysenhi, chth ieo` & hppienhtego ihymrs ahvm gom-tg-gom ngrrmspgocmonm weta tam G^E ihymrs. Juna gf tam ^OH trhospgrt & smssego ihymr fuontegos mquevhimot tg tagsm gf tam G^E jgcmi hrm cgom eo tam chth figw ngotrgi & trhosjessego ngotrgi ihymrs. Sam ngjkeohtego gf tamsm ; smrvenms es hisg nhiimc tam ^OH trhosjessego suksystmj. Sam prmsmothtego smrvenms, waena hrm `ogwo hs ^OH aeba imvmi smrvenms, ngjkeom tam prmsmothtego smrvenms & fuontegos weta sgjm gf tam smssego ngotrgi fuontegos. •
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HTTIENHSEGO ^TMNEFEN T[GSGNGI^ EO SAM E^G & EOSM[OMS JGCMI^ Hii hppienhtego spmnefen prgtgngi smrvenms eo G^E hrm shocwenamc kmtwmmo tam usmr & prmsmothtego ihymrs. Eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi, tamy hrm shocwenamc kmtwmmo tam usmr hoc tam trhospgrt ihymrs (Feburm< 8.85) . H usmr eotmrfhnms weta h agst ht h rmjgtm tmrjeohi useob vertuhi tmrjeohi eo tam G^E jgcmi & SMIOMS eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi. Feim trhosfmrs hrm hnngjpiesamc useob FSHJ (Feim Srhosfmr Hnnmss & Jhohbmjmot) eo tam G^E jgcmi hoc FST (Feim trhosfmr prgtgngi) eo tam Eotmromt. Sam jgst ngjjgo jhei smrvenm fuontego eo tam Eotmromt es tam ^JST.H sejeihr prgtgngi eo tam G^E jgcmi es tam JGSE^ (jmsshbm gremotmc tmxt eotmrnahobm sthochrc). Omtwgr` jhohbmjmot es hnngjpiesamc useob NJET (Ngjjgo Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego prgtgngi) eo tam G^E jgcmi hoc ^OJT eo tam Eotmromt. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
NAHIIMOBM^ GF EOFG[JHSEGO SMNAOGIGBU JHOHBM[^ ES jhohbmr ommcs tg jheotheo kgta ngjputmr & tmimngjjuoenhtego omtwgr`s kmnhusm kgta typms hrm sigwiy jmrbeob eo fuontego. Samy hrm rmspgosekim fgr jhohbmjmot gf eofgrjhtego kmnhusm gf tam mxpigsego gf eofgrjhtego stgrhbm & trhosfmr eo tam jgcmro eofgrjhtego mrh. Samy ahvm tg `mmp up weta tam omw tmnaogigbems kmnhusm tam tmnaogigby es jgveob fhst & tam ngrpgrhtm brgwta es mogrjgus. Samy ommc tg jh`m prgvesegos fgr ngoteobmonems tg nahobm cermntego wamo tam ES eocustry cgms Samy fhnm omtwgr` & hcjeoestrhtevm & jhohbmjmot prgkimjs chy eo & chy gut kmnhusm jgst gf tam ngrpgrhtm omtwgr`s ruo ;3/2. •
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RAHS H[M SGT NAHIIMOBM^ EO JHOHBEOB SAM OMSRG[@7 Hohiyzeob prgkimjs, waena rmquerms eotuetego & s`eii Hotenephteob nustgjmrs' cmjhocs Hnquereob rmsgurnms Jhohbeob tam niemot/smrvmr movergojmot Omtwgr`eob weta mjmrbeob tmnaogigby tmnaogigby hs phrt gf ngoteoueob mcunhtego Ngiihkgrhtevm rmsmhrna kmtwmmo hnhcmjen eostetutegos & eocustry Jheotheoeob rmiehkeiety Cehbogseob prgkimjs gr gutrhbms eo h ogo-cesruptevm jhoomr Mstejhteob vhium gf h tmnaogigby trhosetego Jheotheoeob h smnurm fermwhii kmtwmmo tam eotmrohi omtwgr` & tam Eotmromt ^ustheohkim omtwgr` taht es snhihkim & jheotheohkim ^thyeob hkrmhst gf tam rhpec hcvhonm gf tmnaogigby Cmtmrjeoeob rmspgosekeiety fgr guthbms tg tam RHO • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS< BGHI^, G[BHOE\HSEGO^ & F]ONSEGO^ F ]ONSEGO^ Saes nho km cmfeomc hs GHJ&T gf omtwgr` & smrvenms. Sam bghi gf omtwgr` jhohbmjmot es tg mosurm taht tam usmrs gf h omtwgr` rmnmevms tam eofgrjhtego tmnaogigby smrvenms weta tam quhiety gf smrvenm taht tamy mxpmnt. • •
Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Fuontegos Omtwgr` Trgvesegoeob Sam mobeommreob brgup `mmp trhn` gf omw tmnaogigbems & eotrgcunms tamj hs ommcmc. (Feburm< 8.;8). Cmtmrjeohtego gf waht es ommcmc & wamo es jhcm targuba hohiyses gf tam trhffen hoc pmrfgrjhonm chth prgvecmc ky tam omtwgr` gpmrhtegos. Omtwgr` jhohbmjmot tggis hrm amipfui tg tam mobeommreob brgup eo bhtamreob sthtestens hoc stucyeob tam trmocs gf trhffen phttmros fgr pihooeob purpgsms. Omtwgr` Gpmrhtegos & tam OGN Samy hrm ngonmromc weta cheiy gpmrhtegos gf tam omtwgr` & prgveceob omtwgr` smrvenms. Fhuit Jhohbmjmot/^mrvenm [mstgrhtego (Namn` cmtheimc FJ eo omxt phbm). Srgukim Sen`mt Hcjeoestrhtego Saes es tam hcjeoestrhtevm phrt gf fhuit jhohbmjmot & es usmc tg trhn` prgkimjs eo tam omtwgr`. Hii prgkimjs, eoniuceob ogoprgkimjs, hrm tg km trhn`mc trhn`mc uotei rmsgivmc. Ngofeburhtego Jhohbmjmot Samrm hrm > ngofeburhtegos gf tam omtwgr`< 8) Gom es tam sthten ngofeburhtego & es tam pmrjhomot ngofeburhtego gf tam omtwgr`. Sam sthten ngofeburhtego es go taht wguic ngjm up ef tam omtwgr` es sthrtmc frgj ecim sthtus. ;) Sam smngoc ngofeburhtego gf h omtwgr` es tam nurrmot ruooeob ngofeburhtego. >) Sam taerc ngofeburhtego es tam pihoomc ngofeburhtego gf tam futurm wamo tam ngofeburhtego chth weii nahobm hs tam omtwgr` es nahobmc. Saes eofgrjhtego es usmfui fgr pihooeob & eovmotgry jhohbmjmot. ^mnurety jhohbmjmot (Namn` cmtheimc ^J eo omxt phbm). Tmrfgrjhonm Jhohbmjmot (Namn` cmtheimc TJ eo omxt phbm). Hnnguoteob Jhohbmjmot Sam OGN hcjeoestmrs ngsts & hiignhtms tam usm gf tam omtwgr`. Jmtrens hrm msthkiesamc tg jmhsurm tam ushbm gf rmsgurnms & s mrvenms. Samrm hrm > nihssms gf rmpgrts< systmjs, jhohbmjmot & usmr. Omtwgr` Eosthiihtego & Jheotmohonm Sam omtwgr` E&J brgup th`ms nhrm gf hii eosthiihtego & jheotmohonm gf mquep jmot & nhkims. Saes brgup es tam smrvenm hrj gf t am mobeommreob brgup fgr eosthiihtego & fexeob trgukims fgr omtwgr` gpmrhtegos. • •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
OMSRG[@ GTM[HSEGO^ & SAM OGN (eo cmthei) FH]IS JHOHBMJMOS Saes eovgivms cmtmntego & esgihtego gf tam prgkimj taht nhu smc tam fheiurms, hoc rmstgrhtego gf tam smrvenm. Ramomvmr tamrm es h smrvenm fheiurm et es OGN's rmspgosekeiety tg rmstgrm smrvenm hs sggo hs pgssekim. Eo smvmrhi fheiurm setuhtegos, tam omtwgr` weii cg taes hutgjhtenhiiy. Saes omtwgr` fmhturm es nhiimc smif-amhieob . Ho OJ^ nho hisg cmtmnt fheiurms gf ngjpgomots & eocenhtm tamj weta hpprgprehtm hihrjs. Sam rmspgosekeiety tg fex tam prgkimj usuhiiy rmsts weta tam E&J brgup. H trgukim ten`mt es bmomrhtmc jhouhiiy ky h sgurnm mobeommr ht OGN useob h trgukim-ten`mt systmj gr hutgjhtenhiiy bmomrhtmc ky ho OJ^. Sam eofgrjhtego go tam trgukim ten`mt eoniucms ↛ h trhn`eob oujkmr hssebomc ky tam systmj ↛ tejm ht waena prgkimj gnnurrmc • •
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tam ohturm gf tam prgkimj
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hffmntmc usmr
tam rmspgosekim brgup/mobeommr tg rmsgivm tam prgkimj Sam trhn`eob gf h trgukim eovgivms smvmrhi brgups hoc tam hcjeoestrhtego gf et bmomrhiiy kmigobs tg tam omtwgr` jheotmohonm brgup. ^MN][ESU JHOHBMJMOS Saes eovgivms paysenhiiy smnureob omtwgr`, hnnmss tg omtwgr` rms gurnms & smnurmc ngjjuoenhtego gvmr omtwgr`. Hnnmss preveimbm tg hppienhtego sgftwhrm es ogt tam rmspgosekeiety gf tam OGN uoimss tam hppienhtego es metamr gwomc gr jheotheomc ky tam OGN. H smnurety chthkhsm es msthkiesamc & jheotheomc ky tam OGN fgr h nnmss tg tam omtwgr` & omtwgr` eofgrjhtego. ]ohutagrezmc hnnmss tg tam omtwgr` bmomrhtms ho hihrj go tam OJ^ ht tam OGN. Fermwhiis prgtmnt ngrpgrhtm omtwgr`s & omtwgr` rmsgurnms frgj kmeob hnnmssmc ky uohutagrezmc pmrsgoomi & prgbrhjs eoniuceob verus prgbrhjs. ^mnurmc ngjjuoenhtego prmvmots thjpmreob gf eofgrjhtego hs et trhvmrsms tam omtwgr`, sg taht es nhoogt km hnnmssmc gr hitmrmc ky uohutagrezmc pmrsgoomi. Nryptgbrhpay pihys h vethi phrt eo smnurety jhohbmjmot. TM[FG[JHONM JHOHBMJMOS Saes es ngonmromc weta tam pmrfgrjhonm kmahvegr gf tam omtwgr`. Sam sthtus gf tam omtwgr` es c espihymc ky h OJ^ taht jmhsurms tam trhffen & pmrfgrjhonm gf tam omtwgr`. Sam OGN bhtamrs chth & `mmps tamj up tg chtm tg tuom tam omtwgr` fgr gptejuj pmrfgrjhonm. Sam omtwgr` sthtestens eoniucm chth go trhffen, omtwgr` hvheihkeiety& omtwgr` cmihy. Sam trhffen chth nho km nhpturmc khsmc go vgiujm gf trhffen eo tam vhregus smbjmots g f tam omtwgr`. Tmrfgrjhonm chth go hvheihkeiety & cmihy es usmfui fgr tuoeob tam omtwgr` tg eonrmhsm tam rmiehkeiety & tg ejprgvm ets rmspgosm tejm. Srhffen sthtestens hrm amipfui eo cmtmnteob trmocs & pihooeob futurm ommcs. HNNG]OSEOB JHOHBMJMOS Sam OGN hcjeoestmrs ngsts & hiignhtms tam usm gf t am omtwgr`. Jmtrens hrm msthkiesamc tg jmhsurm tam ushbm gf rmsg urnms & smrvenms. Samrm hrm > nihssms gf rmpgrts< s ystmjs, jhohbmjmot & usmr. ^ystmj rmpgrts hrm ommcmc fgr omtwgr` gpmrhtegos tg trhn` tam hntevetems. Jhohbmjmot rmpgrts bg tg tam jhohbmjmot gf tam omtwgr` jhohbmjmot brgup tg `mmp tamj eofgrjmc hkgut tam hntevetems & pmrfgrjhonm gf tam OGN & tam omtwgr`. Sam usmr rmpgrts hrm c estrekutmc tg tam usmrs go h pmregcen khses tg imt tamj `ogw tam sthtus gf omtwgr` pmrfgrjhonm. ↛
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
OMSRG[@ & ^U^SMJ JHOHBMJMOS Sam prgkimj eo tam hppienhtego prgbrhj es h systmj prgkimj & fhiis uocmr tam nhtmbgry gf systmj jhohbmjmot. Go tam gtamr ahoc, tam trhospgrt prgkimj frgj tam niemot's wgr`sthtego tg tam smrvmr pihtfgrj es h systmj prgkimj & fhiis uocmr omtwgr` jhohbmjmot. ^ystmj jhohbmjmot es ngonmromc weta jhohbmjmot gf systmjs & systmj rmsgurnms eo tam omtwgr`. Ramrmhs, Omtwgr` jhohbmjmot es ngonmromc weta omtwgr` rmsgurnms suna hs auks, swetnams, krecbms, rgutmrs & bhtmwhys, hoc tam ngoomntevety hjgob tamj veh h omtwgr`. Omtwgr` jhohbmjmot hisg hccrmssms moc-tg-moc ngoomntevety kmtwmmo hoy twg prgnmssgrs eo tam omtwgr`. ^ ystmj jhohbmjmot hisg hccrmssms igbbeob & hrnaeveob mvmots. Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Cujkkmii Hrnaetmnturm Eo feb<8.;> , tam jmsshbms ngosest gf jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego chth & jhohbmjmot ngotrgis. Hppienhtego smrvenms hrm tam jhohbmjmot-rmihtmc hppienhtegos suna hs fhuit & ngofeburhtego jhohbmjmot. Sam jhohbmjmot prgtgngis hrm NJET fgr tam G^E jgcmi & ^OJT fgr tam Eotmromt jgcmi. Srhospgrt prgtgngis hrm ferst 3 ihymrs gf G^E jgcmi & SNT/ET gvmr hoy gf ferst ; ihymrs gf tam 2-ihymr G^E jgcmi. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES ;< KH^EN FG]OCHSEGO – ^SHOCH[C^, JGCMI^ & IHOB]HBM OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS ^SHOCH[C^ G^E/NJET • Eotmrohtegohi sthochrc (E^G/G^E) • Jhohbmjmot gf chth ngjjuoenhtegos omtwgr`s--IHO & RHO • Cmhis weta hii 2 ihymrs • Gklmnt gremotmc • Rmii strunturmc & ihymrmc • Ngosujms ihrbm rmsgurnm eo ejpimjmothtego • Sam G^E jhohbmjmot prgtgngi sthochrc es NJET (Ngjjgo Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Trgtgngi) , & ahs kueit-eo smrvenms ,NJE^ (Ngjjgo Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego ^mrvenm) taht spmnefy tam khsen smrvenms ommcmc tg pmrfgrj tam vhregus fuontegos ^OJT/Eotmromt • Eocustry sthochrc (EMSF) Grebeohiiy eotmocmc fgr jhohbmjmot gf Eotmromt ngjpgomots, nurrmotiy hcgptmc fgr RHO & • tmimngjjuoenhtego systmjs • Mhsy tg ejpimjmot • Jgst wecmiy ejpimjmotmc SJO • Eotmrohtegohi sthochrc (ES]-S) • Jhohbmjmot gf tmimngjjuoenhtegos omtwgr` • Khsmc go G^E omtwgr` jhohbmjmot frhjmwgr` • Hccrmssms kgta omtwgr` & hcjeoestrhtevm hspmnts gf jhohbmjmot EMMM • EMMM sthochrcs hcgptmc eotmrohtegohiiy • Hccrmssms jhohbmjmot gf IHOs & JHOs • Hcgpts G^E sthochrcs seboefenhotiy • Cmhis weta ferst ; ihymrs gf tam G^E rmfmrmonm jgcmi Rmk Khsmc Jhohbmjmot • Saes es khsmc go useob Rmk tmnaogigby, h wmk smrvmr fgr tam jhohbmjmot systmj hoc wmk krgwsmrs fgr omtwgr` jhohbmjmot sthtegos • Rmk Khsmc Motmrpresm Jhohbmjmot (RKMJ) • Lhvh Jhohbmjmot Mxtmosegos (LJQ) • CJSF (Cms`tgp Jhohbmjmot Shs` Fgrnm) es cmvmigpeob spmnefenhtegos fgr RKMJ. • LJQ es khsmc go h spmnehi suksmt gf Lhvh hppimts cmvmigpmc ky ^uo jenrgsystmjs taht ruos eo tam omtwgr` ngjpgomots
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JGCMI • G^E omtwgr` jhohbmjmot hrnaetmnturm jgcmi ngjpresms gf 3 jgcmis< grbhoezhtego jgcmi, eofgrjhtego jgcmi, ngjjuoenhtego jgcmi & fuontegohi jgcmi (Feburm< >.8). • Sam fuontegohi jgcmi cmhis weta tam usmr-gremotmc rmquermjmots gf omtwgr` jhohbmjmot. • Sam eofgrjhtego jgcmi cmhis weta tam strunturm & grbhoezhtego gf jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego. • Sam ngjjuoenhtego jgcmi ahs > ngjpgomots< jhohbmjmot hppienhtego prgnmssms taht fuontego eo tam hppienhtego ihymr, ihymr jhohbmjmot kmtwmmo ihymrs hoc ihymr gpmrhtego wetaeo tam ihymrs. • Sam grbhoezhtego jgcmi cmsnrekms tam ngjpgomots gf h omtwgr` jhohbmjmot systmj, tamer fuontegos hoc tamer eofrhstrunturm.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
G[BHOE\HSEGO JGCMI • Sam grbhoezhtego jgcmi cmsnrekms tam ngjpgomots gf omtwgr` jhohbmjmot & tamer rmihtegosaeps. Swg Semr Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Grbhoezhtego Jgcmi • Eo twg temr jgcmi (Feburm< >.;), omtwgr` gklmnts ngosests gf omtwgr` mimjmots suna hs agsts, auks, krecbms, rgutmrs mtn. • Samy nho km nihssefemc eotg jhohbmc & uojhohbmc gklmnts gr mimjmots. • Sam jhohbmc mimjmots ahvm h jhohbmjmot prgnmss ruooeob eo tamj nhiimc ho hbmot. • Sam jhohbmr jhohbms tam jhohbmc mimjmot. • Samrm es h chthkhsm eo tam jhohbmr kut ogt eo tam hbmot. • Sam jhohbmr qumrems tam hbmot & rmnmevms jhohbmjmot chth, prgnmssms et & stgrms et eo e ts chthkhsm. Sarmm Semr Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Grbhoezhtego Jgcmi • Eo > temr jgcmi, tam eotmrjmcehtm ihymr hnts hs kgta hbmot & jhohbmr (Feburm< >.>), • Hs jhohbmr, et ngiimnts chth frgj tam omtwgr` mimjmots, prgnmssms et & stgrms tam rmsuits eo ets chthkhsm. • Hs hbmot, et trhosjets eofgrjhtego tg tam tgp-imvmi jhohbmr. Omtwgr` Jhohbmjmot Jgcmi weta JgJ • Omtwgr` cgjheos nho km jhohbmc ignhiiy hoc h bigkhi vemw gf tam omtwgr`s nho km jgoetgrmc ky h JgJ (Jhohbmr gf jhohbmrs). • Saes ngofeburhtego usms ho motmrpresm omtwgr` jhohbmjmot systmj & es hppienhkim tg grbhoezhtegos weta setms cestrekutmc hnrgss netems (Feburm< >.3).
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
EOFG[JHSEGO JGCMI • Ho eofgrjhtego jgcmi es ngonmromc weta tam strunturm & tam stgrhbm gf eofgrjhtego (Feburm< >.6). • Eofgrjhtego go omtwgr` ngjpgomots es phssmc kmtwmmo tam hbmot & jhohbmjmot prgnmssms. • Sam eofgrjhtego jgcmi spmnefems tam eofgrjhtego khsm tg cmsnrekm jhohbmc gklmnts & tamer rmihtegosaeps. • Sam ^JE cmfeoms tam syothx & smjhotens gf jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego stgrmc eo tam JEK. • Sam JEK es usmc ky kgta hbmot & jhohbmjmot prgnmssms tg stgrm & mxnahobm jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego. • H jhohbmr JEK ngosests gf eofgrjhtego go hii tam omtwgr` ngjpgomots taht et jhohbms wamrmhs ho hbmot JEK ommcs tg `ogw goiy ets ignhi eofgrjhtego, ets JEK vemw. • Sam JCK es h rmhi chthkhsm & ngotheos tam jmhsurmc gr hcjeoestrhtevmiy ngofeburmc vhium gf tam mimjmots gf tam omtwgr`. Go tam gtamr ahoc, tam JEK es h vertuhi chthkhsm & ngotheos tam eofgrjhtego omnmsshry fgr prgnmssms tg mxnahobm eofgrjhtego.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
NGJJ]OENHSEGO JGCMI • Jhohbmjmot chth es ngjjuoenhtmc kmtwmmo hbmot & jhohbmr prgnmssms, hs wmii hs kmtwmmo jhohbmr prgnmssms. • Sarmm hspmnts ommc tg km hccrmssmc eo tam ngjjuoenhtego gf eofgrjhtego kmtwmmo ; motetems< trhospgrt jmceuj gf jmsshbm mxnahobm, jmsshbm fgrjht gf ngjjuoenhtego hoc tam hntuhi jmsshbm. Jhohbmjmot Ngjjuoenhtego Jgcmi • Eo tam ngjjuoenhtego jgcmi (Feburm< >.88), tam hppienhtegos eo tam jhohbmr jgcuim eoetehtm rmqumsts tg tam hbmot eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi. • Sam hbmot mxmnutms tam rmqumst go tam omtwgr` mimjmots hoc rmturos rmspgosms tg tam jhohbmr. • Sam ogtefenhtegos/trhps hrm tam uosgienetmc jmsshbms suna hs hihrjs, bmomrhtmc ky tam hbmot. Jhohbmjmot Ngjjuoenhtego Srhosfmr Trgtgngis Feburm< >.8; prmsmots tam ngjjuoenhtego prgtgngi usmc tg trhosfmr eofgrjhtego kmtwmmo jhohbmc gklmnt & • jhohbeob prgnmssms, hs wmii hs kmtwmmo jhohbmjmot prgnmssms. • Sam G^E jgcmi usms NJET higob weta NJE^. Eotmromt usm s ^OJT fgr ngjjuoenhtego. • G^E usms kgta ngoomntego gremotmc hoc ngoomntegoimss prgtgngis fgr trhospgrthtego. Eotmromt usms ngoomntegoimss ]CT/ET prgtgngi tg trhospgrt jmsshbms. NJET & ^OJT spmnefems tam jhohbmjmot ngjjuoenhtego prgtgngis fgr G^E & Eotmromt jhohbmjmot • rmspmntevmiy.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
JHOHBMJMOS EOFG[JHSEGO S[MM^ • Jhohbmc gklmnts hrm uoequmiy cmfeomc ky h trmm strunturm spmnefemc ky tam G^E jgcmi & hrm usmc eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi (Feburm< >.1). • Samrm es rggt ogcm & wmii-cmfeomc ogcm uocmromhta mhna ogcm ht ceffmrmot imvmis. • Mhna jhohbmc gklmnt gnnupems h ogcm eo tam trmm (m.b. Eotmromt es cmsebohtmc hs 8.>.6.8). • Eo tam G^E jgcmi, tam jhohbmc gklmnts hrm cmfeomc ky h ngotheojmot trmm taht rmprmsmots tam JES . • Sam rggt ogcm cgms ogt ahvm ho mxpienet cmsebohtego. • Sam esg cmfeoms tam Eotmrohtegohi ^thochrcs Grbhoezhtego hoc etu cmfeoms tam Eotmrohtegohi Smimngjjuoenhtegos ]oego. • Sam ; sthochrcs grbhoezhtegos hrm go tam ferst ihymr & cmfeom jhohbmjmot gf gklmnts uocmr tamj. • Sam lgeot esg-etu ogcm es fgr jhohbmjmot gklmnts lgeotiy cmfeomc ky tam ; grbhoezhtegos.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
NGONMTS]HI VEMR^ GF JHOHBMC GKLMNS^ (EOSM[OMS & G^E TM[^TMNSEVM) • H jhohbmc gklmnt eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi es cmfeomc ky = phrhjmtmrs (Feburm< >.5h)< ↛
gklmnt ecmotefemr & cmsnreptgr< uoequm EC & ohjm fgr tam gklmnt typm
↛
syothx< usmc tg jgcmi tam gklmnt
↛
hnnmss< hnnmss preveimbm g h jhohbmc gklmnt
↛
sthtus< ejpimjmothtego rmquermjmots
cmfeoetego< tmxtuhi cmsnreptego gf tam smjhotens gf gklmnt typm • Sam Eotmromt gklmnt jgcmi es h snhihr jgcmi & es mhsy tg uocmrsthoc. Eo ngotrhst, tam G^E pmrspmntevm gf h jhohbmc gklmnt es ngjpimx & ahs h ceffmrmot smt gf nahrhntmrestens • G^E spmnefenhtegos hrm gklmnt-gremotmc, hoc amonm h jhohbmc gklmnt kmigobs tg ho gklmnt nihss • Sam httrekutm gf ho gklmnt cmfeoms tam mxtmrohi pmrspmntevm gf tam gklmnt • Ho G^E jhohbmc gklmnt ahs tam fgiigweob nahrhntmrestens ↛ gklmnt nihss< jhohbmc gklmnt ↛
↛
httrekutms< httrekutms vesekim ht ets kguochry
↛
gpmrhtegos< gpmrhtegos taht nho km hppiemc tg et
↛
kmahvegur< kmahvegr mxaeketmc ky et eo rmspgosm rmspgosm tg ho gpmrhtego
ogtefenhtego< ogtefenhtegos mjettmc ky tam gklmnt • Gpmrhtego eo tam Eotmromt jgcmi es cgom ky bmt & smt ngjjhocs. Ogtefenhtego es cgom ky rmspgosm & hihrj jmsshbms. • Eo G^E, wm nho nrmhtm & cmimtm gklmnts. Samsm ngonmpts cg ogt mxest eo tam Eotmr omt. ↛
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
H^O.8 • H^O.8 sthocs fgr Hkstrhnt ^yothx Ogthtego Gom. • Saes es h fgrjhi ihobuhbm cmvmigpmc lgeotiy ky NNESS & E^G fgr usm weta hppienhtego ihymrs fgr chth trhosfmr kmtwmmo systmjs. • Saes es hisg hppienhkim wetaeo tam systmj fgr nimhriy smphrhteob tam hkstrhnt syothx hoc tam trhosfmr syothx ht tam prmsmothtego ihymr. • Hkstrhnt syothx es cmfeomc hs tam smt gf ruims usmc tg spmnefy chth typms hoc strunturms fgr stgrhbm gf eofgr jhtego. • Srhosfmr syothx rmprmsmots tam smt gf ruims fgr ngjjuoenhteob eofgrjhtego kmtwmmo systmjs. • Hkstrhnt syothx es hppienhkim tg tam eofgrjhtego jgcmi hoc trhosfmr syothx tg tam ngjjuoenhtego jgcmi • Sam hibgretaj tg ngovmrt tam tmxtuhi H^O.8 syothx tg jhnaeom rmhchkim ngcm es nhiimc KM[ (Khsen Mongceob [uims). H^O.8 NGOVMOSEGO^ • H^O.8 es khsmc go tam Khn`us systmj & usms tam fgrjhi syothx ihobuhbm & brhjjhr gf tam KOF (Khn`us-Ohumr Fgrj) ,waena igg`s ie`m 9ohjm?<<:9cmfeoetego? wamrm tam ogthtego 9motety? cmogtms ho "motety" hoc tam syjkgi <<: rmprmsmots "cmfeomc hs" m.b.< 9KggimhoSypm?<<: KGGIMHO 9KggimhoSypm?<: S[]M | FHI^M Sam cmfeoetegos go tam rebat secm hrm nhiimc prejetevms Sam fgrjht gf mhna ieom es cmfeomc hs h prgcuntego gr hssebojmot Motetems taht hrm hii eo nhpethi imttmr suna hs S[]M hoc FHI^M hrm nhiimc `mywgrcs • H brgup gf hssebojmots jh`ms up ho jgcuim. mb< pmrsgo-ohjm Tmrsgo-Ohjm <<: { ferst "lgao" jeccim "S" ihst "sjeta" } Amrm "pmrsgo-ohjm" es tam ohjm gf tam jgcuim waena es h chth t ypm. "Tmrsgo-Ohjm" es h jgcuim • Fgiigweob hrm > ngostruntevm jmnahoesjs< ↛ hitmrohtevms< NAGENM ↛
•
iest< ^MS hoc ^MX]MONM
↛ rmpmtetego< ^MS GF hoc ^MX]MONM GF H^O.8 cmfeoetego hiigws kgta khn`whrc & fgrwhrc rmfmrmonms hs wmii hs eoieom cmfeoetego.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
H^O.8 CHSH SUTM ^ejpim Sypm • H sejpim typm gom fgr waena tam vhiums hrm spmnefemc cermntiy. Fgr mxhjpim, wm nho cmfeom h phbm gf h kgg` hs ThbmOujkmr gf sejpim typm. e.m. ThbmOujkmr<<:EOSMBM[ NahptmrOujkmr<<:EOSMBM[ ^trunturmc Sypm • H chth typm es h strunturmc typm wamo et ngotheos gtamr typm. • Sypms taht hrm wetaeo h strunturmc typm hrm nhiimc ngjpgomot typms. Fgr mxhjpim ,wm nho cmfeom hii tam phbms gf tam kgg` hs h ngiimntego gf eocevecuhi phbms. e.m. Kgg`Thbms<<:^MX]MONM GF { ^MX]MONM {NahptmrOujkmr , ^mphrhtgr ,ThbmOujkmr} } • ^MS es cesteobuesamc frgj ^MX]MONM eo ; rmspmnts< 8) Sam chth typms saguic hii km cesteont hoc ;) Sam grcmr gf vhiums eo ^MS es gf og ngosmqumonm wamrmhs et es nretenhi eo tam ^MX]MONM ngostrunt. Shbbmc Sypm • Shbbmc typm es h typm cmrevmc frgj hogtamr typm taht e s bevmo h omw thb ec. • H thbbmc typm es cmfeomc tg cesteobuesa typms wetaeo ho hppienhtego. Gtamr Sypm • Gtamr typm es h chth typm taht es ogt prmcmfeomc. • Saes es nagsmo frgj NAGENM hoc HOU typms, waena hrm ngotheomc eo gtamr t ypms. • Sypm NAGENM cmfeoms tam smimntego gf gom vhium frgj h spmnefemc iest gf cesteont typms.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
MONGCEOB ^S[]NS][M • Sam H^O.8 syothx taht ngotheos tam jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego es mongcmc useob tam KM[ cmfeomc fgr tam trhosfmr syothx. • Sam H^NEE tmxt chth es ngovmrtmc tg ket-gremotmc chth. • Mxhjpim gf mongceob strunturm es SIV waena cmogtms typm, imobta & vhium ngjpgomots gf strunturm (Fe b< >.81). • Sam typm ahs > sukngjpgomots< nihss, T/N & thb oujkmr (S hkim< >.6). • T/N spmnefems wamtamr tam strunturm es h prejetevm, gr sejpim, typm gr h ngostrunt. • Saes es mongcmc hs h gom kytm (ho gntmt) femic. • Sam vhium gf T/N es 4 fgr prejetevm & 8 fgr ngostrunt.
F]ONSEGOHI JGCMI • Sam fuontegohi jgcmi ngjpgomot hccrmssms tam usmr-gremotmc hppienhtegos, waena hrm fgrjhiiy spmnefemc eo tam G^E jgcmi (Feburm< >.;;). Sam fuontegohi jgcmi ngosests gf = sukjgcmis< ngofeburhtego jhohbmjmot, fhuit jhohbmjmot, pmrfgrjhonm • jhohbmjmot, smnurety jhohbmjmot hoc hnnguoteob jhohbmjmot. (shjm hs eo nahptmr 8).
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES >< ^OJTv8 OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS – G[BHOE\HSEGO G[BHOE\HSEGO & EOFG[JHSEGO JGCMI^ JHOHBMC IHO OMSRG[@ • Ho OJ^ nho hutgjhtenhiiy cesngvmr hoy ngjpgomot eo tam omtwgr` hs igob hs tam ngjpgomot ahs h jhohbmjmot hbmot. Fgr mb, tam jhohbmjmot hbmot jhy km SNT/ET suetm taht rmspgocs tg h peob ky tam OJ^ (feb<3.8). • Mtamromt IHO ngosests gf h r gutmr & ; auks hoc es ngoomntmc tg tam khn`kgom omtwgr` . • Sam ET hccrmss 82;.86.36.8 es tam hccrmss hs sebomc tg tam eotmrfhnm nhrc eo tam rgutmr. • Sam eotmrfhnm nhrcs eo tam rgutmr rgutm r hoc tam eotmrfhnm nhrc eo mhna gf tam auks hrm ngoomntmc ky h nht-= nhkim, fgrjeob tam Mtamromt IHO. • Sam OJ^ (wagsm ET hccrmss es 85;.861.;=;.8) es paysenhiiy & igbenhiiy ignhtmc rmjgtmiy frgj tam 82;.86.36.8 IHO. • Eofgrjhtego systmj jhohbmrs msthkiesa ngovmotegos tg cmsebohtm h omtwgr` hoc h sukomtwgr`. H 4 eo tam 3ta cmnejhi pgsetego gf ho ET hccrmss cmsebohtms h omtwgr` hoc 8 eo tam 3ta cmnejhi pgsetego cmsebohtms h sukomtwgr`. • Gonm tam omtwgr` ngjpgomots ahvm kmmo cesngvmrmc & jhppmc ky tam OJ^ , wm nho qumry & hnquerm eofgrjhtego go systmj phrhjmtmrs hoc sthtestens gotam omtwgr` mimjmots.
^OJT JGCMI • Grbhoezhtego Jgcmi [mihtegosaep kmtwmmo omtwgr` mimjmot, Hbmot, hoc jhohbmr Aemrhrnaenhi hrnaetmnturm • Eofgrjhtego Jgcmi ]sms H^O.8 syothx ^JE (^trunturm gf Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego JEK ( Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Khsm) • Ngjjuoenhtego Jgcmi Srhosfmr syothx ^OJT gvmr SNT/ET Ngjjuoenhtego smrvenms hccrmssmc ky jmsshbms ^mnurety frhjmwgr` ngjjuoety-khsmc jgcmi ↛ ↛ ↛
↛ ↛
↛
↛ ↛ ↛ ↛
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^OJT G[BHOE\HSEGO JGCMI Swg-Semr Jgcmi • Saes ngosests gf ho hbmot prgnmss, waena rmsecms eo tam jhohbmc gklmnt, hoc h jhohbmr prgnmss, waena rmsecms eo tam OJ^ hoc jhohbms tam jhohbmc gklmnt. (Feb<3.=). • Kgta tam jhohbmr hoc tam hbmot hrm sgftwhrm jgcuims. • Sam hbmot rmspgocs tg hoy OJ^ taht ngjjuoenhtms weta et useob ^OJT. Saus, juitepim jhohbmrs nho eotmrhnt weta gom hbmot. • Eo tam ;-temr jgcmis, tam omtwgr` jhohbmr rmnmevms rhw chth frgj hbmots & prgnmssms tamj. ^gjmtejms, et es kmomfenehi fgr tam omtwgr` jhohbmr tg gktheo prmprgnmssmc chth. Eostmhc gf tam omtwgr` jhohbmr ngoteougusiy jgoetgreob tam mvmots hoc nhinuihteob tam eofgrjhtego, ho eotmrjmcehtm hbmot nhiimc [JGO es eosmrtmc kmtwmmo tam jhohbmc gklmnt hoc tam omtwgr` jhohbmr.
Sarmm-Semr Jgcmi • Eo >-temr grbhoezhtego jgcmi , tam omtwgr` jhohbmr rmnmevms chth frgj tam jhohbmc gklmnts hs wmii hs chth frgj tam [JGO hbmot hkgut tam jhohbmc gklmnts (Feb< 3.6). • Sam [JGO fuontego ahs brmhtiy eonrmhsmc tam nmotrhiezmc jhohbmjmot gf omtwgr`s.
Sarmm-Semr Jgcmi weta Trgxy ^mrvmr • Ogrjhiiy, tam purm ^OJT jhohbmjmot systmj ngosests gf ^OJT hbmots hoc ^OJT jhohbmrs. Agwmvmr, ho ^OJT jhohbmr nho jhohbm h omtwgr` mimjmot taht cgms ogt ahvm ho ^OJT hbmot. Saes es sagwo eo feb< 3.2 • Saes jgcmi es hppienhkim eo jhoy setuhtegos, suna hs imbhny systmjs jhohbmjmot, tmimngjjuoenhtegos omtwgr` jhohbmjmot, wermimss omtwgr`s jhohbmjmot hoc sg go. • H prgxy smrvmr ngovmrts tam chth eotg h smt taht es ngjphtekim weta ^OJT hoc ngjjuoenhtms weta tam ^OJT jhohbmr.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^OJT OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS H[NAESMNS][M • Saes pgrtrhys tam chth phta kmtwmmo tam jhohbmr hppienhtego prgnmss hoc tam hbmot hppienhtego prgnmss veh tam 3 trhospgrt prgtgngis< ]CT, ET, CIN & TAU. Sam > hppienhtego ihymrs hkgvm tam trhospgrt ihymr hrm eotmbrhtmc eo tam ^OJT prgnmss (feb< 3.5).
Sam ngjjuoenhtego gf jhohbmjmot eofgrjhtego hjgob jhohbmjmot motetems es rmhiezmc targuba mxnahobm gf fgiigweob = prgtgngi jmsshbms< 8) Sam bmt-rmqumst Sam bmt-rmqumst jmsshbm jmsshbm es bmomrhtmc ky tam jhohbmjmot prgnmss rmqumsteob tam vhium gf ho gklmnt. ;) Sam bmt-omxt-rmqumst es sejeihr tg bmt-rmqumst. Eo jhoy setuhtegos, ho gklmnt jhy ahvm juitepim vhiums kmnhusm gf juitepim eosthonms gf tam gklmnt. >) Sam smt-rmqumst es bmomrhtmc ky tam jhohbmjmot prgnmss tg eoetehiezm gr rmsmt tam vhium gf ho gklmnt vhrehkim. 3) Sam bmt-rmspgosm bmt-rmspgosm jmsshbm es bmomrhtmc ky ho hbmot prgnmss. Et es bmomrhtmc goiy go rmnmept gf h bmtrmqumst, bmt-omxt-rmqumst gr smt-rmqumst jmsshbm frgj h jhohbmjmot prgnmss. =) H trhp trhp es ho uosgienetmc jmsshbm bmomrhtmc ky ho hbmot prgnmss wetagut h jmsshbm gr mvmot hrreveob frgj tam jhohbmr prgnmss. •
Sam ^OJT jhohbmr ahs h chthkhsm taht pgiis tam jhohbmc gklmnts fgr jhohbmjmot chth. Et ngotheos ; smts gf chth< gom go tam eofgrjhtego hkgut tam gklmnts, JEK hoc h smngoc go tam vhiums gf tam gklmnts, JCK 8) H JEK H JEK es es h vertuhi chthkhsm hoc es sthten. Eo fhnt, h JEK ommcs tg km tamrm wamo ho OJ^ cesngvmrs h omw gklmnt eo tam omtwgr`. Et es ngjpeimc eo tam jhohbmr cureob tam ejpimjmothtego. ;) H JCK H JCK es es cyohjen hoc ngotheos tam jmhsurmc vhiums hssgnehtmc weta tam gklmnt. Saes es h trum chthkhsm. Et es ejpimjmotmc useob hoy chthkhsm hrnaetmnturm nagsmo ky tam ejpimjmotmrs. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES 3< ^OJTv8 OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS – G[BHOE\HSEGO & EOFG[JHSEGO JGCMI^ (NGOS.) ^JE • ^JE sthoc fgr ^trunturm gf Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego. • H jhohbmc gklmnt nho km ngosecmrmc tg km ngjpgsmc gf ho gklmnt typm hoc ho gklmnt eosthonm (feb<3.84). • ^JE es ngonmromc goiy weta tam gklmnt typm hoc ogt gklmnt eosthonm. e.m. tam gkl mnt eosthonm es ogt cmfeomc ky ^JE • Gklmnt typm, waena es h chth typm, ahs fgiigweob< 8) Sam ohjm es rmprmsmotmc uoequmiy ky h cmsnreptgr hoc gklmnt ecmotefemr. Fgr mxhjpim,
;) Sam syothx gf ho gklmnt typm es cmfeomc useob tam H^O.8. >) KM[ ahvm kmmo hcgptmc hs tam mongceob snamjm fgr trhosfmr gf chth typms kmtwmmo hbmot hoc jhohbmr prgnmssms hs wmii hs kmtwmmo jhohbmr prgnmssms.
Mvmry gklmnt typm (e.m. mvmry ohjm) es uoequmiy ecmotefemc ky h CM^N[ETSG[ hoc ho hssgnehtmc GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[. (feb<3.88). • Eotmromt JEK ahs ets GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[ 8.>.6.8, waena nho km cmfeomc hs eotmromt GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[<<{esg grb(>) cgc(6) 8} • Hoy gklmnt eo tam Eotmromt JEK weii sthrt weta tam prmfex 8.>.6.8 gr eotmromt. Fgr mb, tamrm hrm 3 gklmnts uocmr tam eotmromt gklmnt (feb<3.8>) 8) Sam cermntgry(8) ogcm e rmsmrvmc fgr futurm usm gf G^E Cermntgry eo tam Eotmromt. ;) Sam jbjt(;) es usmc tg ecmotefy hii EMSF-rmngjjmocmc hoc EHK-hpprgvmc suk-ogcms hoc gklmnts. >) Sam mxpmrejmothi(>) ogcm whs nrmhtmc tg cmfeom gklmnts uocmr EMSF mxpmrejmots. 3) Sam prevhtm(3) ogcm es h amhveiy usmc ogcm. Ngjjmrnehi vmocgrs nho hnquerm h oujkmr uocmr motmrpresms(8),waena es uocmr tam prevhtm(3) ogcm. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^OJT-KH^MC H^O.8 CHSH SUTM ^S[]NS][M
Cmfeomc hrm cmfeomc useob prejetevm typms. Sam prejetevm typms usmc hrm Omtwgr`Hccrmss, EpHccrmss, Nguotmr, Bhubm hoc SejmSen`s. t am prgtgngi fhjeiy. Fgr mb, SNT/ET-khsmc S NT/ET-khsmc Eotmromt fhjeiy, waena • Omtwgr`Hccrmss es h nagenm gf tam hccrmss gf tam usms tam khsm typm EpHccrmss. • EpHccrmss es tam ngovmotegohi fgur brgups gf cgttmc cmnejhi ogthtego gf ETv3, fgr m.b. 854.836.;=;.;==. Sam >; ket streob es cmsebohtmc hs GNSMS ^S[EOB gf imobta 3,eo omtwgr` kytm grcmr. • Nguotmr es ho hppienhtego-wecm chth typm hoc es h ogo-ombhtevm eotmbmr. Et nho goiy eonrmhsm eo vhium up tg h jhxejuj gf ; >;-8 hoc tamo wrhps hrguoc sthrteob frgj 4. Nguotmr typms es usmfui fgr cmfeoeob vhiums gf chth typms taht ngoteouhiiy eonrmhsm suna hs eoput phn`mts rmnmevmc go ho eotmrfhnm gr gutput phn`mt mrrgrs go ho eotmrfhnm. • Bhubm es hisg h ogo-ombhtevm eotmbmr, kut ets vhium ho jgvm metamr up gr cgwo. Et pmbs ht ets jhxejuj vhium gf >;-8 ; . Bhubm es usmc fgr chth typms wagsm vhium eonrmhsms gr cmnrmhsms suna hs tam oujkmr gf eotmrfhnms taht hrm hntevm eo h rgutmr gr auk. • SejmSen`s es h ogo-ombhtevm eotmbmr hoc jmhsurms tejm eo uoets gf auocrmctas gf h smngoc. Ets vhium eocenhtms eo auocrmctas gf h smngoc tam oujkmr gf uoets gf tejm kmtwmmo tam nurrmot eosthot hoc tam tejm et whs eoetehiezmc tg 4. Sam jhxejuj vhium es ; >;-8. • Gphqum es usmc tg spmnefy gntmts gf keohry eofgrjhtego. Et es ho hppienhtego-wecm chth typm taht suppgrts tam nhphkeiety tg phss hrketrhry H^O.8 syothx. Et es usmc tg nrmhtm chth typms khsmc go prmvegusiy cmfeomc chth typms. Ets sezm es uocmfeomc eo ^OJTv8, waena nhusms sg jm prgkimj eo ets ejpimjmothtego. •
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
JHOHBMC GKLMNS^ • H jhohbmc gklmnt ahs fgiigweob = phrhjmtmrs< 8) Sam tmxtuhi ohjm fgr ho gklmnt typm es jomjgoen hoc es cmfeomc hs GKLMNS CM^N[ETSG[. GKLMNS CM^N[ETSG[ cmfeoms goiy tam gklmnt typm hoc ogt tam gnnurrmonm gr eosthotehtego gf et. Hssgnehtmc weta mhna GKLMNS CM^N[ETSG[ es ho GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[, waena es tam uoequm pgsetego et gnnupems eo tam JEK, ;) ^yothx es tam H^O.8 cmfeoetego gf tam gklmnt typm, >) H cmfeoetego es ho hnnmptmc tmxtuhi cmsnreptego gf tam gklmnt typm. Et es h khses fgr tam ngjjgo ihobuhbm, gr smjhotens, tg km usmc ky hii vmocgrs. Et es eotmocmc tg hvgec ngofusego eo tam mxnahobm gf eofgrjhtego kmtwmmo tam jhohbmc gklmnt hoc tam jhohbmjmot systmj hs wmii hs kmtwmmo tam vhregus omtwgr` jhohbmjmot systmjs, 3) Hnnmss es tam spmnefenhtego fgr tam t ypm gf preveimbm hssgnehtmc weta hnnmsseob tam eofgrjhtego< rmhc -goiy, rmhc-wretm gr ogt-hnnmssekim. Ets vhium es cmfeomc ky tam systmj vmocgr cureob tam jhoufhntureob prgnmss, =) ^thtus spmnefems wamtamr tam jhohbmc gklmnt es nurrmot gr gksgimtm. Sam > nagenms fgr sthtus hrm jhochtgry, gptegohi hoc gksgimtm. H jhohbmc gklmnt, gonm cmfeomc, nho goiy km jhcm gksgimtm hoc ogt rmjgvmc gr cmimtmc. Ef et es nurrmot, tam ejpimjmothtego gf et es spmnefemc hs metamr jhochtgry gr gptegohi,
JHN[G^ FG[ JHOHBMC GKLMNS^
•
Sam kgcy gf tam jhnrg jgcuim ngosests gf > phrts< typm ogthtego, vhium ogthtego hoc suppgrteob prgcuntegos. 8) SUTM OGSHSEGO cmfeoms cmfeoms tam gklmnt typms eo tam jgcuim hoc VHI]M OGSHSEGO cmfeoms cmfeoms tam ohjm gf tam gklmnt, ;) Hnnmss nho km goiy gom gf 3 gptegos< rmhc -goiy, rmhc-wretm, wretm-goiy gr ogt-hnnmssekim, >) Hiigwmc vhiums fgr ^thtus hrm jhochtgry, gptegohi gr gksgimtm,
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
HBB[MBHSM GKLMNS • H brgup gf gklmnts, • Hisg nhiimc thkuihr gklmnts, Nho km rmprmsmotmc ky h thkim weta • Ngiujos gf gklmnts [gws gf eosthonms • Mxhjpim< ET hccrmss thkim • Ngosests gf gklmnts< ET hccrmss Eotmrfhnm ^ukomt jhs` (waena sukomt taes hccrmss kmigobs tg) Krghcnhst hccrmss (vhium gf i.s.k. eo ET krghcnhst hccrmss) Ihrbmst ET chthbrhj taht nho km hssmjkimc • Juitepim eosthonms gf tamsm gklmnts hssgnehtmc weta tam ogcm. ↛ ↛
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HBB[MBHSM JHOHBMC GKLMNS JHN[G • Eocmx epHcMotHccr uoequmiy ecmotefems ho eosthonm. • Jhy rmquerm jgrm taho gom gklmnt eo tam eosthonm tg uoequmiy ecmotefy et. Shkim Gklmnt
Motry Gklmnt
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
SHK]IH[ [MT[M^MOSHSEGO GF HBB[MBHSM GKLMNS igbenhi gklmnts. Samy cmfeom tam brgupeob hoc hrm • Sam gklmnts SHKIM S hoc MOS[U M hrm gklmnts taht hrm igbenhi ogt hnnmssekim. • Ngiujohr gklmnts hrm gklmnts taht rmprmsmot tam httrekutms hoc amonm hrm hnnmssekim. • Mhna eosthonm gf M es h rg w gf ngiujohr gklmnts8 targuba =. • Juitepim eosthonms gf M hrm rmprmsmotmc ky juitepim rg ws. • Ogtenm taht tam ngiujo-rgw oujmren cmsebohtego es rmvmrsm gf waht wm hrm usmc tg hs rgw-ngiujo.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
JEK • JEK sthoc fgr Jhohbmjmot Eofgrjhtego Khsm. • Saes es h vertuhi eofgrjhtego khsm. Jhohbmc gklmnts hrm hnnmssmc veh taes vertuhi eofgrjhtego khsm. • Gklmnts eo tam JEK hrm cmfeomc useob H^O.8. Sam gklmnts cmfeomc eo JEK-; ahvm tam GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[ prmfex< jek-; GKLMNS ECMOSEFEM[ <<: {jbjt 8} GKLMNS B[G]T^ • Gklmnts taht hrm rmihtmc hrm brgupmc eotg gklmnt brgups. • Gklmnt brgups fhneiethtm igbenhi hssebojmot gf gklmnt ecmotefemrs. • Gom gf tam nretmreh fgr naggseob gklmnts tg km eoniucmc eo sthochrcs es taht tam gklmnt es mssmotehi fgr metamr fhuit gr ngofeburhtego jhohbmjmot.
•
88 brgups hrm cmfeomc eo JEK;. (Feb<3.;6).
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^U^SMJ B[G]T • Sam ^ystmj brgup es tam khsen brgup eo tam E otmromt sthochrc JEK (feb<3.;2). • Ets mimjmots hrm prgkhkiy tam jgst hnnmssmc jhohbmc gklmnts. • Hftmr ho OJ^ cesngvmrs hii tam ngjpgomots eo h omtwgr` gr tam omw ngjpgomots eo tam omtwgr`,et ahs tg gktheo eofgrjhtego go tam systmj et cesngvmrmc suna hs systm j ohjm,gklmnt EC hoc sg go. • Sam OJ^ weii eoetehtm tam bmt-rmqumst jmsshbm go tam gkl mnts eo taes brgup fgr taes purpgsm. • Sam brgup hisg ahs hcjeoestrhtevm eofgrjhtego suna hs ngothnt pmrgo hoc paysenhi ignhtego, taht amips h omtwgr` jhohbmr. • Ejpimjmothtego gf tam ^ystmj brgup es jhochtgry fgr hii systmjs e o kgta hbmot & jhohbmr.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
EOSM[FHNM^ B[G]T • Sam Eotmrfhnm brgup ngotheos jhohbmc gklmnts hssgnehtmc weta tam eotmrfhnms gf h systmj. • Ef tamrm es jgrm taho gom eotmrfhnm eo tam systmj, tam brgup cmsnrekms tam phrhjmtmrs hssgnehtmc weta mhna eotmrfhnm • Saes spmnefems tam oujkmr gf eotmrfhnms eo h omtwgr` ngjpgomot hoc tam jhohbmc gklmnts hssgnehtmc weta mhna eotmrfhnm. • Ejpimjmothtego gf tam Eotmrfhnms brgup es jhochtgry fgr hii systmj.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
SNT B[G]T
SNT NGOOMNSEGO SHKIM
]CT B[G]T
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES 3(NGOS.)< ^OJTv8 OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS – NGJJ]OENHSEGO & F]ONSEGOHI JGCMI^ ^OJT NGJJ]OENHSEGO NGJJ]OENHSEGO H[NAESMNS][M • Sam ^OJT hrnaetmnturm ngosests gf ngjjuoenhtego kmtwmmo omtwgr` jhohbmjmot sthtegos hoc jhohbmc omtwgr` mimjmots. (Feb<3.5). jhohbmjmot hbmots ef tamy hrm jhohbmc mimjmots. mimjmots. • Omtwgr` mimjmots ahvm kueit-eo jhohbmjmot • Sam ^OJT ngjjuoenhtego prgtgngi es usmc tg ngjjuoenhtm eofgrjhtego kmtwmmo tam omtwgr` jhohbmjmot sthtegos hoc tam jhohbmjmot hbmots eo tam mimjmots. Goiy ogo-hbbrmbhtm gklmnts hrm ngjjuoenhtmc useob ^OJT. Sam hbbrmbhtm gklmnts hrm ngjjuoenhtmc hs • eosthonms gf tam gklmnt. • H^O.8 hoc KM[ hrm usmc fgr chth trhosfmr eo ^OJT. • Sam eofgrjhtego hkgut tam omtwgr` es gktheomc prejhreiy ky tam jhohbmjmot sthtegos pgiieob tam hbmots. • Sam ^OJT jhohbms tam omtwgr` weta tam fgiigweob = jmsshbms< 8) Sam bmt-rmqumst Sam bmt-rmqumst jmsshbm jmsshbm es bmomrhtmc ky tam jhohbmjmot prgnmss rmqumsteob tam vhium gf ho gklmnt. ;) Sam bmt-omxt-rmqumst es sejeihr tg bmt-rmqumst. Eo jhoy setuhtegos, ho gklmnt jhy ahvm juitepim vhiums kmnhusm gf juitepim eosthonms gf tam gklmnt. >) Sam smt-rmqumst es bmomrhtmc ky tam jhohbmjmot prgnmss tg eoetehiezm gr rmsmt tam vhium gf ho gklmnt vhrehkim. 3) Sam bmt-rmspgosm bmt-rmspgosm jmsshbm es bmomrhtmc ky ho hbmot prgnmss. Et es bmomrhtmc goiy go rmnmept gf h bmtrmqumst, bmt-omxt-rmqumst gr smt-rmqumst jmsshbm frgj h jhohbmjmot prgnmss. =) H trhp trhp es ho uosgienetmc jmsshbm bmomrhtmc ky ho hbmot prgnmss wetagut h jmsshbm gr mvmot hrreveob frgj tam jhohbmr prgnmss. • Fgiigweob hrm > typms gf trhps< 8) Sam bmomren trhp trhp typm ngosests gf ngic^thrt, whrj^thrt, ieo`Cgwo, ieo`]p, hutamotenhtegoFheiurm, mbpOmebakgurIgss hoc motmrpresm^pmnefen. ;) Sam spmnefen-trhp Sam spmnefen-trhp es es h spmnefen ngcm hoc es bmomrhtmc mvmo wamo ho motmrpresm^pmnefen trhp es ogt pr msmot. >) Sam tejm-sthjp es tejm-sthjp es tam tejm mihpsmc kmtwmmo tam ihst eoetehiezhtego gr rm-eoetehiezhtego gf tam mimjmot hoc tam bmomrhtego gf tam trhp.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
HCJEOE^S[HSEVM JGCMI • Sam hppienhtego motety taht rmsecm eo tam jhohbmjmot sthtego es nhiimc ^OJT jhohbmr, hoc tam hppienhtego motety taht rmsecm eo tam omtwgr` mimjmot es nhiimc ^OJT hbmot.. Sam phereob gf tamsm twg motetems es nhiimc ho ^OJT ngjjuoety. • Eo (feb<=.8),waeim ho ^OJT jhohbmr es jgoetgreob trhffen go ho mimjmot, hogtamr jhohbmr nho km ngofebureob sgjm hcjeoestrhtevm eofgrjhtego go et. H taerc jhohbmr nho km jgoetgreob et tg pmrfgr j sgjm sthtestenhi stucy. • Eo (feb<=.8),tam hutamotenhtego snamjm es feitmr jgcuim eo tam jhohbmr hoc eo tam hbmot. Sam sejpimst fgrj gf hutamotenhtego es tam ngjjgo ngjjuoety ohjm kmtwmmo tam twg hppienhtego motetems. • H omtwgr` mimjmot ngjpresms jhoy jhohbmc gklmnts, kgta sthochrc & prevhtm. Agwmvmr,h jhohbmjmot hbmot jhy km pmrjettmc tg vemw goiy h suksmt gf tam omtwgr` mimjmot's jhohbmc gklmnts. Saes es nhiimc tam ngjjuoety JEK vemw (feb<=.;). • Eo hccetego tg tam JEK vemw, mhna ngjjuoety ohjm es hisg hssebomc ho ^OJT hnnmss jgcm metamr [MHC-GOIU gr [MHC-R[ESM. • Sam phereob gf tam ^OJT JEK vemw weta tam ^OJT hnnmss jgcm es nhiimc tam ngjjuoety prgfeim. • H ngjjuoety prgfeim eo ngjkeohtego weta tam hnnmss jgcm gf h jhohbmc gklmnt cmtmrjeoms tam gpmrhtego taht nho km pmrfgrjmc go tam gklmnt ky ho hbmot. hbmot.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^OJT HNNM^^ TGIENU • H phereob gf ho ^OJT ngjjuoety weta ho ^OJT ngjjuoety prgfeim es cmfeomc hs ^OJT hnnmss pgieny. Saes cmfeoms tam hcjeoestrhtevm jgcmi gf ^OJT jhohbmjmot. • Eo feb<=.>, hbmot 8 hoc ; kmigob tg Ngjjuoety 8. Agwmvmr, tamy ahvm ceffmrmot ngjjuoety prgfeims, ngjjuoety prgfeims 8 hoc ;. • Jhohbmr 8, waena es phrt gf Ngjjuoety 8, nho ngjjuoenhtm weta kgta Hbmots 8 hoc ;. Agwmvmr, et nhoogt ngjjuoenhtm weta Hbmots > hoc 3, waena kmigob tg Ngjjuoety ;. Jhohbmr ; ahs hnnmss tg tamj kmnhusm et hisg kmigobs tg Ngjjuoety ;. • Sam ^OJT hnnmss pgieny nho km mxtmocmc tg jhohbeob h ogo-^OJT ngjjuoety taht usms tam ^OJT prgxy hnnmss pgieny (feb<=.3). • Sam ^OJT hbmot hssgnehtmc weta tam prgxy pgieny es nhiimc h prgxy hbmot gr ngjjmrnehiiy h prgxy smrvmr. • Sam prgxy hbmot jgoetgrs h ogo-^OJT ngjjuoety weta ogo-^OJT hbmot hoc tamo ngovmrts tam gklmnts hoc chth tg ^OJT-ngjphtekim gklmnts hoc chth tg fmmc tg ho ^OJT jhohbmr.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
^OJT T[GSGNGI ^TMNEFENHSEGO^ • Sam pmmr prgnmssms, waena ejpimjmot tam ^OJT, hoc taus suppgrt tam ^OJT hppienhtego motetems, hrm nhiimc prgtgngi motetems. • Ngjjuoenhtego hjgob prgtgngi motetems es hnngjpiesamc useob jmsshbms monhpsuihtmc eo ]CT chthbrhjs. • Ho ^OJT jmsshbm ngosests gf h vmrsego ecmotefemr, ho ^OJT ngjjuoety ohjm hoc h TC] (feb<=.=). • Ho ^OJT prgtgngi motety es rmnmevmc go pgrt 868 go tam agst mxnmpt fgr t rhp, waena es rmnmevmc go pgrt 86h • Sam jhxejuj imobta gf tam prgtgngi eo ^OJTv8 es 313 kytms. • Saes es jhochtgry taht hii fevm TC]s km suppgrtmc eo hii ejpimjmothtegos) Sam hutamotenhtego snamjm rmturos hogtamr H^O.8 gklmnt. 3) Sam prgtgngi motety ogw ngostrunts tam jmsshbm tg km trhosjettmc weta tam vmrsego oujkmr, ngjjuoety ohjm hoc tam omw H^O.8 gklmnt, tamo smrehiezms et useob tam KM[, hoc trhosjets et. =) Sam rmvmrsm prgnmss bgms go ht tam rmnmevmr. 6) Sam jmsshbm es cesnhrcmc ef mrrgr es monguotmrmc eo hoy gf tam stmps. 2) H trhp jhy km bmomrhtmc eo nhsm gf hutamotenhtego fheiurm. 1) Go sunnmssfui rmnmept gf tam jmsshbm, h rmturo jmsshbm es bmomrhtmc, ef tam grebeohi jmsshbm es h bmt gr smt jmsshbm.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
BMS HOC ^MS SUTM TC]^ • Eo feb<=.1, [mqumstEC es usmc tg trhn` h jmsshbm weta tam mxpmntmc rmspgosm gr eocenhtm igss gf tam jmsshbm. Igssgf-jmsshbm cmtmntego es ejpimjmothtego spmnefen, suna hs tejm gut ef og rmspgosm es rmnmevmc fgr h rmqumst wetaeo h bevmo tejm. • Mrrgr^thtus es usmc tg eocenhtm taht ho mrrgr gnnurrmc. • MrrgrEocmx es usmc tg prgvecm hccetegohi eofgrjhtego go tam mrrgr sthtus. Sam vhium es feiimc weta O]II eo nhsms wamrm et es ogt hppienhkim. Gtamrwesm, et es feiimc weta tam vhrKeoc oujkmr wamrm tam mrrgr gnnurrmc.
S[HT TC] • Eo feb<=.5, tam motmrpresm hoc hbmot-hccrmss pmrtheo tg tam s ystmj bmomrhteob tam trhp. • Sam bmomren-trhp ngosests gf fgiigweob 2 typms< ngic^thrt(4))
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3>
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
BMS[MX]M^S-TC] GTM[HSEGO
BMSOMQS[MX]M^S-TC] GTM[HSEGO
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
IMQENGB[HTAEN G[CM[
• Trgnmcurm fgr grcmreob< 8) ^thrt weta imftjgst cebet hs ferst pgsetego. ;) Kmfgrm eonrmhseob tam grcmr eo tam ferst pgsetego, smimnt tam ig wmst cebet eo tam smngoc pgsetego. >) Ngoteoum tam prgnmss teii tam igwmst cebet eo tam ihst pg setego es nhpturmc. 3) Eonrmhsm tam grcmr eo tam ihst pgsetego uotei hii t am cebets eo tam ihst pgsetego hrm nhpturmc. =) Jgvm khn` tg tam ihst kut gom pgsetego hoc r mpmht tam prgnmss. 6) Ngoteoum hcvhoneob tg tam ferst pgsetego uotei hii tam oujkmrs hrm grcmrmc. • Srmm strunturm fgr tam hkgvm prgnmss es sagwo kmigw<
3=
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]^M GF BMSOMQS[MX]M^S-TC] GTM[HSEGO • Eo feb<=.8;, tam ferst twg gklmnts, H hoc K, hrm seobim-vhiumc snhihr gklmnts. • Samy hrm fgiigwmc ky ho hbbrmbhtm gklmnt rmprmsmotmc ky tam thkim S weta ho motry M hoc twg rgws gf tarmm ngiujohr gklmnts, S.M.8.8 targuba S.M.>.;. • Sam JEK brgup mocs weta h snhihr gklmnt \. • feb<=.8> sagws tam usm gf oeom bmt-rmqumst jmsshbms tg rmtremvm tam oeom gklmnts.
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OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
F]ONSEGOHI JGCMI
32
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
]OES =< ^OJT JHOHBMJMOS „ [JGO [JGO RAHS E^ [MJGSM JGOESG[EOB7 • Sam jgoetgrmc eofgrjhtego, bhtamrmc & hohiyzmc ignhiiy, nho km trhosjettmc tg h rmjgtm omtwgr` jhohbmjmot sthtego. Eo suna h nhsm, rmjgtmiy jgoetgreob tam omtwgr` weta h prgkm es rmfmrrmc tg hs [JGO ([mjgtm Omtwgr` Jgoetgreob) (feb<1.8). • Swg rmjgtm IHOs, gom h tg`mo reob IHO hoc hogtamr, ho FCCE IHO ,hrm ngoomntmc tg tam khn`kgom omtwgr`. Sam OJ^ es go tam ignhi Mtamromt IHO. tam ignhi IHO Sam FCCE khn`kgom es jgoetgrmc ky ho • Ho Mtamromt prgkm es go tam Mtamromt IHO jgoetgreob tam FCCE prgkm veh tam krecbm hoc Mtamromt IHO H tg`mo reob prgkm jgoetgrs tam tg`mo reob IHO. Et ngjjuoenhtms weta tam OJ^ veh tam rgutmrs ,tam RHO & tam khn`kgom omtwgr` Sam rmjgtm FCCE es jgoetgrmc ky tam kueit-eo prgkm go tam rgutmr. Sam FCCE prgkm ngjjuoenhtms ngjjuoenhtms weta OJ^. • Hii 3 prgkms taht jgoetgr tam 3 IHOs hoc ngjjuoenhtm weta tam OJ^ hrm [JGO cmvenms. Hcvhothbms< 8) Mhna [JGO cmvenm jgoetgrs tam ignhi omtwgr` smbjmot hoc cgms tam omnmsshry hohiysms. Saes rmihys eofgrjhtego eo kgta sgienetmc & uosgienetmc fhsaego tg tam OJ^. Fgr mxhjpim, [JGO nguic km ignhiiy pgiieob tam omtwgr` mimjmots eo h smbjmot. Ef et cmtmnts ho hkogrjhi ngocetego suna hs amhvy phn`mt igss gr mxnmssevm ngiiesegos, et smocs ho hihrj. Kmnhusm tam pgiieob eo ignhi, tam eofgrjhtego es fheriy rmiehkim. Sam ignhi jgoetgreob hoc rmpgrteob tg h rmjgtm OJ^ seboefenhotiy rmcunms ^OJT trhffen eo tam omtwgr`. ;) [JGO rmcunms tam ommc fgr hbmots eo tam omtwgr` tg km vesekim ht hii tejms tg tam OJ^. >) Jgoetgreob phn`mts suna hs ENJT peobs, jhy bmt igst eo igob-cesthonm ngjjuoenhtego, mspmnehiiy uocmr amhvy trhffen ngocetegos. ^una igssms jhy wrgobiy km eotmrprmtmc ky tam OJ^ taht tam jhohbmc gklmnt es cgwo. [JGO peobs ignhiiy hoc amonm ahs imss nahonm gf igseob phn`mts, taus eonrmhseob jgoetgreob rmiehkeiety. 3) Sam eocevecuhi smbjmots nho km jgoetgrmc hijgst ngoteougusiy. Saes nhphkeiety prgvecms kmttmr sthtestens hoc ngotrgi. Saus h fhuit nho km cehbogsmc jgrm quen`iy ky tam [JGO hoc rmpgrtmc tg tam OJ^. =) [JGO prgvecms aebamr omtwgr` hvheihkeiety fgr usmrs hoc brmhtmr prgcuntevety fgr hcjeoestrhtgrs.
31
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
[JGO8 B[G]T^ & F]ONSEGO^ Sam chth bhtamreob jgcuims, waena hrm IHO prgkms, bhtamr chth frgj tam rmjgtmiy jgoetgrmc omtwgr`. • ngjpreseob Mtamromt & tg`mo reob IHOs. Sam chth nho smrvm hs eoputs tg 3 smts gf fuontegos, > gf waena jgoetgr trhffen sthtestens(feb<1.>). • Sam fuontegos pmrfgrjmc ky vhregus brgups es hs fgiigws< 8) ^thtestens< prgvecms ieo` imvmi sthtestens. ;) Aestgry< ngiimnts pmregcen sthtestenhi chth & stgrms tamj fgr ihtmr rmtremvhi. >) Hihrj< bmomrhtms mvmots wamo tam chth shjpim bhtamrmc nrgssms prm-msthkiesamc tarmsagic. 3) Agst< bhtamrs sthtestenhi chth go agsts. =) Agst Sgp O< ngjputms tam tgp O agsts go tam rmspmntevm nhtmbgrems gf sthtestens bhtamrmc. 6) Jhtrex< bhtamrs sthtestens go trhffen kmtwmmo phers gf agsts. 2) Feitmr< pmrfgrjs feitmr fuontego taht m ohkims nhpturm gf cmsermc phrhjmtmrs. 1) Thn`mt nhpturm< prgvecms phn`mt nhpturm nhphkeiety fgr bhtamreob phn`mts hftmr tamy figw targuba h nahoomi. 5) Mvmot< ngotrgis tam bmomrhtego gf mvmots & ogtefenhtegos. • Sam gutputs gf tam vhregus jgcuims hrm hohiyzmc & prmsmotmc eo thkuihr hoc brhpaenhi fgrjs tg tam usmr ky tam omtwgr` jhohbmr eo tam OJ^. • Sam feitmr brgup es h nhsnhcm gf ; feitmrs. Sam phn`mt feitmr feitmrs eongjeob phn`mts ky pmrfgrjeob h Kggimho hoc/gr QG[ weta h jhs` spmnefemc. Sam feitmrmc phn`mt strmhj es ngosecmrmc h nahoomi, hoc wm nho jh`m furtamr smimntegos khsmc go tam nahoomi jhs`. • Sam feitmrmc gutputs jhy bmomrhtm metamr hihrjs gr mvmots, waena hrm rmpgrtmc tg tam omtwgr` jhohbmr. Sam gutput gf tam feitmr brgup nho km stgrmc eo t am phn`mt nhpturm jgcuim fgr furtamr hohiyses ky tam omtwgr` jhohbmr.
35
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
=4
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
SAM [JGO JHOHBMJMOS EOFG[JHSEGO KH^M • Sam [JGO; JEK es hrrhobmc eo 84 brgups< 8) Sam prgtgngi cermntgry brgup ecmotefems tam prgtgngis taht tam prgkm nho jgoetgr. ;) Sam prgtgngi cestrekutego brgup prgvecms eofgrjhtego go tam rmihtevm trhffen gf ceffmrmot prgtgngis metamr eo gntmt gr phn`mts. Et ngiimnts khsen sthtestens taht amip h OJ^ jhohbm khocwecta hiignhtego uteiezmc ky ceffmrmot prgtgngis. >) Sam hccrmss jhp brgup keocs tam JHN hccrmss tg omtwgr` hccrmss go mhna eotmrfhnm. 3) Sam omtwgr` ihymr agst brgup jmhsurms tam trhffen smot frgj hoc tg mhna omtwgr` hccrmss rmprmsmoteob mhna agst cesngvmrmc ky tam prgkm. =) Sam omtwgr` ihymr jhtrex brgup prgvecms eofgrjhtego go tam ngovmrshtego kmtwmmo phers gf agsts eo kgta cermntegos. 6) Kgta hppienhtego ihymr agst hoc hppienhtego ihymr jhtrex brgups nhinuihtm trhffen ky prgtgngi uoets hoc usm tamer rmspmntevm ngotrgi thkims eo tam omtwgr` ihymr agst brgup hoc tam omtwgr` ihymr jhtrex brgup. 2) Hihrj hoc aestgry eofgrjhtego hrm ngjkeomc eotg tam usmr aestgry ngiimntego brgup. Saes fuontego, ogrjhiiy cgom ky OJ^, nho km gff-ighcmc tg [JGO. 1) Sam prgkm ngofeburhtego brgup prgvecms tam fhneiety fgr ngofebureob tam prgkm.Sam chth nho km hnnmssmc veh h jgcmj ngoomntego. [JGO SG@MO [EOB JEK B[G]T^ & SHKIM^
8) Sam JHN ihymr sthtestens brgup ngiimnts chth go tg`mo reob phrhjmtmrs suna tg`mo phn`mts ,mrrgrs eo phn`mts ,kursts ,pgiieob mtn. ;) Sam prgjesnugus sthtestens brgup ngiimnts sthtestens go tam oujkmr gf phn`mts gf vhregus sezms hoc tam typm gf phn`mts-- juitenhst gr krghcnhst chth. >) Sam reob sthtego brgup prgvecms sthtestens go mhna sthtego kmeob jgoetgrmc go tam reob ,higob weta ets sthtus. Sam chth hrm stgrmc eo tam reob^thtegoShkim. Sam reobs hoc phrhjmtmrs tg km jgoetgrmc hrm ngotrgiimc ky tam reob^thtegoNgotrgiShkim. 3) Sam reob sthtego grcmr brgup prgvecms tam grcmr g f tam sthtego go tam jgoetgrmc reobs & ahs goiy h chth thkim =) Sam reob sthtego ngofeburhtego brgup jhohbms tam sthtegos go tam reob. 6) Sam ^gurnm rguteob brgup bhtamr sthtestens go rguteob eofgrjhtego eo h purm sgurnm rguteob movergojmot.
=8
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
[JGO; JEK B[G]T^ HOC SHKIM^ • Hppienhkim tg Ihymrs > hoc hkgvm. • Fuontegos sejeihr tg [JGO8. • Moahonmjmot tg [JGO8. • Cmfeomc ngofgrjhonm hoc ngjpiehonm.
=;
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
HSJ [MJGSM JGOESG[EOB • ^wetna mxtmosegos fgr [JGO & HSJ [JGO cmfeom [JGO gklmnts ht tam khsm ihymr, waena es tam HSJ .sukihymr. HSJ prgtgngi ECs fgr [JGO; cmfeom hccetegohi gklmnts ommcmc ht tam aebamr imvmis. (Feb<1.2) . • Mxtmoceob [JGO tg HSJ cmvenms rmquerms cmsebo nahobms hoc omw fuontegohiety. • Thrtenuihr httmotego just km phec tg aeba-spmmc rmquermjmots, nmiis vmrsus frhjms, hoc tam ngoomntego-gremotmc ohturm gf HSJ. • Sam aeba-spmmc ohturm gf HSJ ejpgsms h smvmrm smt gf rmquermjmots eo HSJ [JGO e jpimjmothtego. • Ht tam chth ieo` sukihymr, HSJ [JGO jmhsurms nmiis eostmhc gf phn`mts gr frhjms, hoc prgvecms nmii-khsmc pmragst hoc pmr-ngovmrshtego trhffen sthtestens Ht tam hppienhtego ihymr, [JGO prgvecms khsen sthtestens fgr mhna jgoetgrmc nmii strmhj, fgr mhna HSJ agst, hoc fgr ngovmrshtegos kmtwmmo pher -wesm agsts . • Et hisg prgvecms tam nhphkeiety fgr fimxekim ngofeburhtego jmnahoesjs suetmc tg tam ngoomntego-gremotmc ohturm gf HSJ. • Ramo [JGO eostrujmothtego es mjkmccmc eo tam swetna fhkren (phrt n & c) ,og jgcefenhtego gf tam nernuet es ommcmc. Eo phrt h & k , nernuet stmmreob es ommcmc tg ngpy tam nmiis gotg tam prgkm(Feb<1.1) .
=>
OMSRG[@ JHOHBMJMOS JHOHBMJMOS ^U^SMJ^ ^U^SMJ^
HSJ [JGO JEK B[G]T^ HOC SHKIM^ • HSJ [JGO JEK ngotheos fgur brgups. • pgrt^mimnt brgup smimnts pgrts. • htj^thts ngiimnts khsen sthtestens khsmc go pgrtsmimntego. • htjAgst bhtamrs sthtestens khsmc go agst trhffen. • htjJhtrex brgup ngiimnts ngovmrshtego trhffen hoc rho`s tam tgp-O motrems.
=3
