WEAPON MOUNTS FOR SECONDARY ARMAMENT
PREPARED FOH
DETROIT ARSENAL, ORDNANCE CORPS, U.S. ARMY CONTRACT NO. DA-20-089-0RD-36713 BY
G. 0. NOVILLE & ASSOCIATES, INC. REPORT NO. 206
April 1957 G. 0. Noville & Associates, Inc. 1666 Ninth Street Santa Monica, California Weapon Mounts for Secondary Armament ISBN-13 978-0-9742724-4-3 Second edition printed 2007 by Long Mountain Outfitters LLC 631 N. Stephanie St #560 Henderson, NV USA Tel: 702-564-0948 Fax: 702-558-1728 www.longmountain.com www.smallarmsreview.com Special thanks for making this reprint a reality to: Bob Faris Dolf Goldsmith Jon Moran Thomas Nelson Robert Segel Dan Shea Herbert J. Woodend (In Memorium) William Vallerand (in Memorium) Henk Visser (In Memorium)
This is the original information solicitation from the 1957 edition The data on weapon mounts contained in this report is yet incomplete. A great variety of such items exists. If any of the readers of this book possess data or corrections which will aid in providing a more complete encyclopedia, it is requested that such material be furnished via the Detroit Arsenal. Such material should be addressed to: Commanding General Ordnance - Tank Automotive Command Detroit Arsenal Centerline, Michigan Attention: ORDMC - RC. 2 Printed in China through Colorcraft Limited, Hong Kong
May 20, 1957
WEAPON MOUNTS FOR SECONDARY ARMAMENT Errata Sheet
Page i -----
SECTION 3
Light Tanks
83 (should be)
- - 85
Page 883 ---
SECTION 4
(should be)
SECTION 3
Page 985 ---
DIVISION 0
(should be)
DIVISION Q
Page 993 ---
DIVISION P
(should be)
DIVISION R
WEAPON MOUNTS FOR SECONDARY ARMAMENT Prepared for Detroit Arsenal, Ordnance Corps, U.S. Army, April 1957 1157 pages of wonderful, arcane, and useful knowledge about weapon mounts, both experimental and n use. Much of this information can be found nowhere else. Neapon Mounts for Secondary Armament has long been the most respected and sought after work ever ::>ublished on weapon mounts. Published in 1957 as a reference for those interested in developing new :md more effective secondary armament, its publishing history is still something of a mystery. The num::>er of volumes originally published is not known, though it is generally believed that as few as 25 copies Nere printed. Whatever the number, it must have been very small because today an original copy is so ·are it can sell for well over $1000-. fhe scope of the mounts covered here is stunning. Starting in WW1 and continuing to the mid 1950s, :he material includes data and details on coaxial and combination gun mounts, bell mounts, cupola gun nounts, bow gun mounts, fender and sponson mounts, and other types of mounts for secondary armanent weapons. A great deal of attention is also given to experimental mounts, tracing the developmen:al history of some of the world's most famous mounts. ::>rinted from the original restored film, this edition of Weapon Mounts for Secondary Armament is the ·esult of a few dedicated collectors determined to see this treasured resource finally reach the larger :wdience it deserves.
Long Mountain Outfitters, LLC 631 North Stephanie Street Suite 560 Henderson, Nevada 89014 www.longmountain.com Subscribe to: Small Arms Review Magazine www.smallarmsreview.com
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION A. SCOPE ____________________________________________ 1 B. P U R P O S E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 C. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ________________________________ 2
GUIDE TO PRESENTATION A. METHOD OF PRESENTATION --------------------------5 B. NOMENCLATURE------------------------------------6 C. ABBREVIATIONS ____________________________________ 10
WEAPON MOUNTS FOR SECONDARY ARMAMENT DIVISION A
DIVISION B
WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON MILITARY VEHICLES ---------------------- 11 Section Section Section Section
1 2 3 4
Section Section Section Section Section
5 6 7 8 9
Heavy Tanks Medium Tanks Light Tanks Self-Propelled Artillery, Anti-Tank and Special Purpose Vehicles Wheeled Vehicles Half-Tracked Vehicles Amphibious Vehicles Cargo Vehicles Miscellaneous Vehicles
15 37 83 129 137 187 195 205 209
CRADLES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 219 Section Section Section Section
1 2 3 4
Single Weapon Cradles, Army Ordnance-- 221 Single Weapon Cradles, Navy & Air Corps __ 259 Multiple Weapon Cradles, Army Ordnance_ 275 Multiple Weapon Cradles, Navy & Air Corps 287 Section 5 Shielded Cradle Assemblies 297 Section 6 Cradle Components and Weapon Accessories 305 i
CONTENTS Page DIVISION C
DIVISION D
DIVISION E
Section 1 Pre-World War II Tripod Ground Mounts Section 2 Pre-World War II Wheeled Ground Mounts Section 3 Lightweight Tripod Ground Mounts Section 4 Heavy Ground Mounts
385 399 433
PEDESTAL MOUNTS
449
DIVISION G
337
Section 1 Pre-World War II Single Weapon Pedestal Mounts Section 2 World War II Single Weapon Pedestal Mounts Section 3 Multiple Weapon Pedestal Mounts
469 495
SHORT PEDESTAL AND BRACKET MOUNTS
505
Short Pedestal Mounts Bracket Mounts Hinged Bracket Mounts Folding Bracket and Short Pedestal Mounts Section 5 Remote Control Short Pedestal Mounts
507 515 529
SKATE MOUNTS
547
Section 1 Skate Mount Components Section 2 Skate Mounts, Rail Installations Section 3 Skate Mounts, Ring Installations
551 569 577
CONCENTRIC RING MOUNTS
595
Section 1 Scarff Mounts Section 2 Single Weapon Concentric Ring Mounts
599 611
Section Section Section Section
DIVISION F
335
GROUND MOUNTS
1 2 3 4
ii
451
535 541
CONTENTS Page DIVISION H
CUPOLA MOUNTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - 629 Section Section Section Section
DIVISION I
1 2 3 4
Cupola Cupola Cupola Cupola
Mounts, Exposed Gunner ________ Installations of Skate Mounts Mounts, Exposed Weapons Mounts, Enclosed
635 64 7 653 663
BALL M O U N T S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 677 Section 1 Pre-World War II Ball Mounts _ _ _ _ _ _ 681 Section 2 World War IT Ball Mounts 701 Section 3 World War IT Gimbal Suspended Ball Mounts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 735 Section 4 World War II Fixed Ball Mounts 741 Section 5 Post-World War II Ball Mounts 745 Section 6 Unarmored Ball Mounts 753
DMSION J
~C~O~N~T~A~IN~E~R~M~O~U~N~T~S~-----------------------759
Section 1 Weapon Containers for Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ 763 Section 2 Weapon Containers for Aircraft 773 DIVISION K
GIMBAL SUSPENDED WEAPON MOUNTS Section 1 Pre-World War II Single Weapon Turret Mounts Section 2 Gimbal Suspended Weapon Hull Mounts Section 3 Pre-World War II Combination Weapon Turret Mounts Section 4 World War II Combination Weapon Turret Mounts
DIVISION L
783 785 803 807 817
EXPOSED TURRET, TRUNNION SUSPENDED WEAPON MOUNTS ------------------------- 829 Section 1 Single Weapon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 831 Section 2 Multiple Weapons 849 Section 3 Combination Weapons 883
iii
CONTENTS Page DIVISION M
ARMORED TURRET2 TRUNNION SUSPENDED 2 COMBINATION WEAPON MOUNTS
895
Section 1 World War ll Combination Mounts, to 75mm Section 2 World War ll Combination Mounts, from 76mm Section 3 Post World War II Combination Mounts Section 4 Oscillating Turret Mounts
923 941 953
ENCLOSED AIRCRAFT MOUNTS 2 SINGLE AND MULTIPLE WEAPONS
957
DIVISION 0
DEFLECTOR AND PARAPET MOUNTS
973
DIVISION P
SEMI-FIXED MOUNTS
981
DIVISION Q
SUB-CALIBER AND SPOTTING MOUNTS
985
DIVISION R
ROCKET LAUNCHER MOUNTS
993
DIVISIONS
FLAME GUN MOUNTS
1005
DIVISION T
TREE MOUNTS
1013
DIVISION U
FIXED FORTIFICATION MOUNTS
1021
Section 1 Single and Combination Ball Mounts Section 2 Gimbal Suspended Ball Mounts
1023 1033
DIVISION N
iv
897
CONTENTS Page INDICES PLATE INDEX - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1045 ARMAMENT MOUNTING I N D E X - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1091 U.S. U.S. U. S. U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Mounts - Early Model Designations - - - - - Mounts- "T" Designations Mounts - "M" Designations Mounts - Numerical Designations Mounts -Army Air Force Designations Mounts- "AN" Numbers Mounts - Navy Designations
1091 1091 1100 1107 1110 1111 1111
British Mounts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1113 French Mounts 1114 German Mounts 1114 Italian Mounts 1116 Japanese Mounts 1116 Swedish Mounts 1117 Soviet Mounts 1117 Other Foreign Mounts 1118 ~V~E~H~IC~LE~IND~~E~X~-------------------1119
U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Vehicles- Early Models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Vehicles - "T" Designations Vehicles - "M" Designations Vehicles-Trucks Vehicles - Amphibious (Navy) Vehicles- Aircraft
British British British British British British
VehiclesVehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles -
1119 1119 1127 1135 1135 1136
Armored Cars _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1137 Cruiser Tanks 1139 Infantry Tanks 1140 Heavy Tanks 1141 Light Tanks 1141 Medium Tanks 1142
v
CONTENTS Page French French French French French French
Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles
- Armored Cars _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1143 - Half-Tracks 1143 - Self-Propelled 1143 -Heavy Tanks 1144 - Light Tanks 1144 - Medium Tanks 1144
German V e h i c l e s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1145 Italian Vehicles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1147 Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese
Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles
-
Armored C a r s - - - - - - - Light Tanks Medium Tanks Amphibious Tanks
1148 1148 1149 1149
Soviet Vehicles- Amphibian----------Soviet Vehicles - Armored Cars Soviet Vehicles - Self-Propelled Guns Soviet Vehicles -Heavy Tanks Soviet Vehicles - Light Tanks Soviet Vehicles - Medium Tanks Soviet Vehicles - Aircraft
1150 1150 1150 1151 1151 1152 1152
Swedish V e h i c l e s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1152 Other Foreign Vehicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1153
B I B L I O G R A P H Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1155
vi
INTRODUCTION A.
SCOPE This encyclopedia of weapon mounts for secondary armament was prepared
by personnel of G. 0. Noville & Associates, Inc., as the Phase I study of Contract No. DA-20-089-0RD-36713 with the Detroit Arsenal of the United States Army Ordnance Corps. This book is a second edition of the final report and incorporates additional material and data. The information presented herein was intended as a reference guide outlining the history, design, and location of mounts for secondary armament on combat and tactical vehicles of many nations developed during the period starting with World War I and continuing to the present date. This material includes data and details on coaxial and combination gun mounts, ball mounts, cupola gun mounts, bow gun mounts, fender and sponson mounts, and other types of mounts for secondary armament weapons; primarily machine guns up to and including 20mm in caliber. It is based on information and material gathered from previously published historical and technical works in this field as well as that gathered by direct contact and interview with military groups, manufacturers, and individuals concerned with the history, design, and development of combat vehicles and armament for those vehicles. This study was prepared under the aegis of Mr. Richard Maguire of Detroit Arsenal by Mr. Samuel Sola, Mr. Vincent Bobkowski, and Miss Kara Crocker of G. 0. Noville & Associates, Inc.
1
B.
PURPOSE The primary purpose in presenting this report in book form was to provide a
readily available reference aid for those persons interested in the design and development of new and more effective secondary armament. To this end, representative vehicles and mounts from World War I to date have been catalogued and assembled to illustrate the wide variety in mounting, placement and utilization of secondary armament on combat and tactical vehicles. C.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Appreciation is expressed to all those who aided in the gathering of pertinent
material for this effort and particularly the following individuals and organizations for their assistance and cooperation in providing mount data and historical information. Their interest and effort tremendously simplified an otherwise difficult problem and a major portion of the credit for the illustrative and reference data is due to their efforts. This acknowledgment list is incomplete. Those few listed have made major contributions to the subject, and it would be a project in itself to list the many contributors of single or even a dozen Ordnance items. We take this opportunity to apologize for these omissions. Mr. Robert J. leks
Detroit Arsenal:
Mr. John Garrett Underhill, Jr.
Mr. Richard C. Maguire
Office, Chief of Ordnance :
Mr. Clarence Hancock
Mr. Frank Fountain
Miss Nell M. Berghout
Mr. Harold Croskery
Mr. Zellers Allen
2
Aberdeen Proving Ground Library & Museum Branch, D & PS:
Army Library, Ordnance Technical Intelligence:
Mr. G. B. Jarrett
Mr. H. G. Solberg
Mr. Karl Kempf
U.S. Navy, Bureau of Ordnance:
Mr. H. F. Ivins Lt. Col. George M. Chinn Mrs. Zelma B. Kelly Mr. P. H. Girouard Mrs. Dorothy K. Parker Mr. H. E. Mars chalk Rock Island Arsenal: U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics
Mr. Walter Ackerman Mr. Fennell
Mr. J. Campbell
Mr. Lennon
Mr. Lee Morgan Springfield Armory:
Mr. Edwin 0. Olson
Mr. R. F. LeDoux
Mr. Archibald Roe
Mr. Murphy Signal Corps Still Picture Library Library of Congress: Ordnance Historical Branch Mr. Williard Webb It must be emphasized that many of the data sources for these volumes were
not of a public nature. This material was originally prepared under a classified contract and not intended for general distribution. Therefore, no attempt should be made to reproduce data from this volume, in part or in whole, without first obtaining specific approval from the original source, particularly where that source is not an agency of the United States Government. Wherever possible, source acknowledgment and picture credits have been given for the material included in this study. Where credit has not been noted the original source was unknown to the authors.
3
GUIDE TO PRESENTATION
A.
METHOD OF PRESENTATION
The secondary armament groupings and accompanying data have been divided into divisions of related weapon mounts for secondary armament. Each division in turn has been divided into sections of like materiel. The "plate" system used in this book was due to the voluminous amount of mount and vehicular material which was obtained for this study and which was extremely difficult to accurately catalog and index because of changing systems of nomenclature. It was believed desirable that a reference work of this nature be capable of being expanded or changed in arrangement to meet any conditions which might arise. Thus, the plate system of cataloging the mount material was used. In this system each sheet was assigned a specific plate number with each sheet
having completely independent information on it other than the cross-reference material. In this manner, it was possible to await full assembly of all the secondary armament material until the end of the program without the need for extensive modifications of either indices or catalogue. By this means, data and new mount material can be added to this study without affecting the individual sheets. In addition, should it become desirable, this reference data can be reassembled by country of origin, year of manufacture, or any other method of cataloging which can be found desirable without affecting the contents of the individual plates. Extensive effort has been made to carefully and accurately cover the field of weapon mounts for secondary armament; however, the material is by no means complete, nor should it be considered exact. The existing documentation for many
5
of the earlier mount developments have yielded some ambiguities and conflicting designations. The changing systems of nomenclature as well as the rapid technological advances in armor and armament has made it extremely difficult to rigidly organize and accurately catalog the many vehicular and armament configurations which were found during the study. Wherever possible, photographs of actual vehicles and their secondary armament components have been included in order to aid in identification and minimize the need for lengthy technical description. In order that interested persons may obtain further details on specific mounts, the photographic sources, technical references, and pertinent publications have been noted for each item. Foreign mounts and vehicles are interleaved with the United States material either at similar stages in development or at points of similar concept. Individual plates frequently carry pertinent data on more than one mount or type of mount. Where this has occurred, the plate has been inserted with the particular mount group which appeared to provide the best continuity of subject matter.
B.
NOMENCLATURE
United States and British As the British Navy was in charge of the first large scale program of tank design, a system of nomenclature of naval origin was originally used by both the British and the United States. The present day practice retains some of these terms. Parts of the "landships" are still called sponson, bow, hull, etc. A completely different situation exists with respect to the nomenclature of various gun mounts illustrated in the text. Here, the actual formal nomenclature
6
assigned has, in many cases, been by-passed in favor of a typical nomenclature defining its tactical and operational characteristics. For example, the title of Plate 116-1081 is listed as "M30 Skate Mount" and placed in the section with other "skate" type mounts, when officially its designation is "Mount, Machine Gun, Caliber .30 or .50, M30". To retain the Ordnance "mount" nomenclature would have made it difficult to adequately segregate the various mounting types and their functions. Plate 116-1821 on Page 6 gives two articles which were extracted from "The Ordnance Sergeant" of July 1945. These articles are included to contribute toward understanding the nomenclature systems in use in the United States at that time. German Nomenclature The nomenclature used for German army vehicles and components was somewhat similar to that followed by the United States Army. Separate designations were assigned experimental and production vehicles. As an example, the German experimental tanks ordered by the Heereswaffenamt (German Army Ordnance Office) were designated as Vollketten-Kraft-Fahrzeug (full-tracked vehicle) and their prefix was VK, based on a system as follows : VK (X) 1234, where the initial VK indicated the VollkettenKraft- Fahr zeug; the (X), when used, in d i c ate d the manufacturer; the first two digits ( 12) indicated the weight classification in tons; and the last two digits (34) the prototype number assigned that series. Thus the VK 4501 was a 45 ton experimental tank and the first ( 01) of that development series.
7
Near the end of World War II another system was adopted in which the VK prefix was dropped and the experimental vehicles indicated by the prefix "E" and a series of digits, indicating the weight of the vehicles in tons. When the vehicle was standardized and adapted for service use, its designation was changed to Sonder Kraft-Fahrzeug (Sd. Kfz.) and a serial number assigned. Along with this designation, the tanks were also noted as Panzerkampfwagens (Pz. Kpfw.), such as the series Pz. Kpfw. I, II, and III. Half-track vehicles all had modeldesignations starting with the letters "HK" followed by a number. The basic chassis designation for s u c h vehicles was Zugfuhrer Wagen (Z. W. ). The self-propelled artillerywere called Selbstfahrlafette, abbreviated Sf. or Sfz. Dependent on the anti-tank vehicles' tactical mission, these were called Panzerjagerkanone (Pjk.) or Panzerabwerkanone (Pak.). Some tank hunters or anti-tank vehicles were also called Panzerjagers (Pz. Jag.) with the gun carriages, Geschutzwagen (G. W.). The as sa u 1 t guns were called Sturmkanone (Stu. K. }. This nomenclature was developed from the actual German names and was typical of their custom of combining root words to form a new word. Thus, where Panzer referred to armor, Jager meant hunter, Wag en meant wagon or vehicle, and Kampf meant war;thePanzerkampfwagen (Pz. Kfw.)was an armoredwar wagon.
8
rhe following two articles were extracted from "The Ordnance Sergeant" o~ July 1945. ~oth tre included to contribute towards understanding the nomenclature systems m use at the hme.
NOMENCLATURE
NOMENCLATURE SYSTEMS OF THE ARMY Affi FORCES, ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE, BUREAU OF ORDNANCE, BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS AND THE BRITISH
For several years, standardization of aircraft Ordnance and armament equipment has been accomplished by the Army, the Navy, and the British, under the auspices of the Joint Aircraft Committee with a view on one hand of reducing production difficulties, and, on the other hand, of insuring interchangeability of equipment and component parts among the three Servkes. The efficient use of standard articles requires a system of nomenclature under which the various interchangeable items may be identified in the field and by maintenance personneL It appears, however, that each Service has proceeded with the use of its own nomenclature, and that, as among the Services, little is lmown of the method of employment of the nomenclature system of the other ServlePs. It was considered by the Committees accomplishing standardization, that it would be well to inform cognizant personnel, generally, of these several systems. The Army Ordnance Department uses the following system: The dcsi~nation Tl, T2, etc., indicates a developmental item. While in the developmental stage, when a major chang,7 is in,;~rporat,7d, the item will take the designation TIEl, T2El, etc. Such designation indicates a change affecting military characteristics or installation. When an item has been adopted as a standard by the Ordna_nce Tec~ica,\ ~om~ mittee, the item is given the designation Ml, M2, etc. When a change which is considered major occurs in an item adopted as standard, such as one wh1ch affects military characteristics, installations, ~~nufac~ ture, storage or use, the design,~tion c~~nges to .,MlAl, "MIA2," etc. The designation MIB2, etc., or MIAIBl," indicates that a different type material is used whi~h constitutes a major change in produc\lon because of scarcity of material. When astandardarllcle has been modified by the development of an experimental non-standard process or procedure, It takes the designation "MIEl, "MIE2," etc. If the item thus modified Is adopted as standard by the Ordnance Department, it takes a designation In the proper se'JUence of the MIA series; e.g., an Item deSignated as MlE6 may become Mli\4 if it Is the fourth Item adopted as standard in that type of materiel.
SYSTEMS
The assignment of Chemical Warfare Service "M" numbers on bombs, clusters, and_ fuzes is m.~d~ by the·Ordnance Department. The assignment of M numbers to other Chemical Warfare Service items Is made within the Service itself. There Is an established procedure for the assignment of nomenclature to experimental and developmental items. However, for all practical purposes, it may be considered that C'IJS nomenclature follows the Ordnance Department System. The Army Air Forces employs a system considerably different from that used by either the Ordnance Department and CWS and the Navy Department. Thatsyslem operates as follows: At the tlmea project engineer conceives an idea for a new basic article, the type designation "A-1" ·is assigned; as an example, the first heater used in aircraft would be de~i~~aled "A-1". When a new healer is developed, the A type designation changes to a "B" designation If the basic characteristics are different. However, If the basic characteristics remain the same, but there Is a change in performance characteristics or dimensions affecting interchangeability, the Item will take the designation "A-2" rather than a "B" designation. If the basic characteristics remain the same, and the performance characteristics do also, and interchangeability Is not affected, but a modification Is incorporated only to facilitate manufacturing practices and production, the item will take the designation "A-lA." Further modIfications of this nature will be designated "A-lB," 11 A-1C, 11 etc. The followiJ.., i.lustrates this procedure: The first heater for use on aircraft Is designated "A-1." Assuming that this heater Is of the hot air type, and the next heater developed Is an electric heater, It will take a "B-1'' designation, and a "C-1" designation will be given to the next healer developed which operates on a different basic principle. If the "B-1" type electric heater Is a gun healer for caliber .50 guns, and the next electric healer developed Is for 20mm guns, ll will be designated "B-2." A heater thereafter developed for caliber .50 guns differing from the "B-1" heater Insofar as dimensions, interchangeability, and performance characteristics are concerned, will take the designation "B-3." A change or modification in the B-1 heater not altering performance characteristics or dimensions or other factors which affect interchangeability, will be designated as "B-IA," "B-IB", etc., as successive changes occur.
In the Navy, the Bureau of Aeronautics an< the Bureau of Ordnance employ the same type desig nations In their nomenclatures. This consists of th word designation of the item followed by a mark com posed of the word "Mark" and an Arable numeral. Th marks are assigned serially within the basic classifi calion of the item. A new mark within the series i assigned for a new design of the Item. A minor mod ification or a varlat16n of the same design will b assigned a mod which Is composed of the word "Mod and an Arabic numeral. For instance, when a ne1 basic Item is developed, It wUI take the designatio Mark 1 Mod D. Modifications to a design, such a changes In operating voltages, wlll be designated b new mods, I.e., Mark 1 Mod 1, Mark I Mod 2, etc. as successive changes occur. The series of mark for aircraft bomb fuzes begins at 200. In the present British system, the word desig nation of the Item Is followed by the word "Mark" an an Arable numeral. A major change In design ancl/o change in operational characteristics advances th mark. A major change In design Includes an altera lion of design which involves the use of different com ponents or subassemblies not Interchangeable wit those of the existing mark. A variation of a basi design to suit a particular aircraft Installation is in dicated by an Arabic numeral with the prefix "No. before the Mark, I.e., No. 2 Mark 15. A minor modi ficatlon of the Item Is Indicated by an oblique strok and a numeral after the Mark, i.e., No. 2 Mark 15/1
Upon the adoption of an item as standard by th Joint Aircraft Committee, the prefix "AN-" is place before the type designation, I.e., the Control, Bam Arming, B-2, becomes Control Bomb Arming, AN -B-2 The Flare, Aircraft, Parachute, Mark 8, Mod 1, be comes Flare, Aircraft, Parachute, AN-Mark 8, Mod 1 Thereafter the Services are obligated to use th standard Item where It is applicable. The Servic' which developed the Item and whose system of typ designation Is used has engineering responsibility fo the item, and no changes may be made therein whlc affect lnstallalional or tactical interchangeability.
IOMENCLATURE •• f'lle Ordaaaeemaa's Beadaelle The use of nicknatnt"!:> may be fine for morale
n;J the use of an abbreviated nomenclature may simlify conv0rsation, but it has been my experience that ithc!· f!·equently did really snafu the detail. To cit8 ju;;t a iew instances of confusion which
tx;e, tefer~nc~ was made to a 11 M6 Telescope". We now tltat lit~rally thic. is the ;;.t!:!!lg!!t_ telescope used '- the (A ali-Tank) :'"rnrn Gun Carriage, W.4 and M4A I. JWt•Vf!J', maylJe the mau meant an Elbow Telescope, ·! 1) Jr 8. Panoramie Telescope, M6- ffil.dthe latter two re something else again. Similarly, we frequently ad t:·oublc with the expre~;~icm 11 3'7mm M:_:lAl". This ould have bC!en the M3A 1 Gun (AT), or the M3A I Cari~~ (AA) - ce!·tainly tw.J--Clrtirely diffe1·ent weapons~ nrt for ~omeon~ to say merely "2 1/2 ton truck" was II well and good, but what about the dozen or two such chicle~ diffe•·in~ by manufacturer, model and body 'f>C7
One" a staff officer called on me for a descrlpon of "the M29". Upon questioning, he did not know hether "tht' M29'' was an item of ammunition, small rrns, artilleJ·y, fir·e contr·ol, a vehicle, or something f Buck 1\ogeJ·s'. Later it developed that he was seekl~ iJ,f:>nnation conceming the Cargo Carrier, M29~. The terms Alligator'' and"Buffalo" meant cargo ·;J tunct typ~ LVT's J"e»pcctively to some, while to lhc,·3 they meant unarmor~d and armored type LVT's 11
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1821
respectively without reference to armament. In any case the specific model type was still left in doubt. ~imilaJ•ly, to some the nicknames 11 jeep11 and "peep" meant the 3/4 and 1/4 -ton trucks respectively, while to others both these terms referred to the 1/4 -ton model only. One day the "old man" called me In and said he wanted a couple of hundred thousand "Bingo Grenades". It appears that a friend had written him from the mainland telling him what a wonderful Jap killer Lt. Col. William Menoher, author of this discussion, is presently Chief, Training Doctrine Branch, Military Training Division, Military Plans and Training Service, OCO. The experience upon which he bases his conclusions Include: OCO, Industrial Service, Artlllery Divlsian
CO, 46th Ordnance Battalion, POA Kwajalein Campaign, with 7th In f. Div. Ordnance Officer, XXIV Corps, POA and SWPA Leyte Campaign lt would be hard to believe that with this experience behind him he doesn't know what he's talking about.
9
this new grenade should make. Frantic searche; through our literature and numerous inquiries upor all other known Ordnance officers in the area failed t' identify the item. However, these inquiries did revea that the "Bingo Grenade" might be the "Beano Grenade' or the "Baseball Grenade", but no one knew anythin~ about It much less its correct-nomenclature. It wa' some weeks before we could find any data concerninp It or its availability. And then we found the item to be the Hand Fragmentation Grenade, Tl3, which was bein1 obtained on limited procurement, and none were bein! allocated to our theater anyway. In the meantime wa< my face red? It Is neither possible nor desirable to kee~ General A from writing, or telling, General B ab:>UI new materiel, but I fervently wish he would use correel nomenclature. It would be a great help for Ordnance staff officers In the field, down to and Including division Ordnance officers, to be kept abreast of at least the names of the latest and more important development Items. Not infrequently It seems an Ordnance officer Is the last one to hear of even the existence of a new Item, much to his embarrassment. Innumerable difficulties did and will arise from the use of a nomenclature different from that prescribed. Perhaps some day the use of correct nomenclatures will become universal. In the meantime, 1 can dream, can't I?
C.
ABBREVIATIONS The following lists present those abbreviations most commonly used in des des-
ignating sources of information and other reference material. U. S. Military U.S.
U.S. Commercial
Army Air Force Armored Force Board Army Field Forces Armored Infantry Vehicle AIV AL Army Library Aberdeen Proving Ground APG Armed Services"Technical ASTIA Services'Technical Information Agency Armored Utility Vehicle AUV Combat Vehicle cv CV DA Detroit Arsenal FA Frankford Arsenal FM Field Manual Gun Motor Carriage GMC GPO Government Printing Office G PO MWO Modification Work Orders NAVORD Navy Ordnance OCM Ordnance Committee Minutes Ordnance Pamphlet, U.S. OP Navy Bureau of Ordnance ORD Ordnance Corps, U.S. U. S. Army ORDTEC Ordnance Technical IntelIntel U. S. Army ligence, U.S. OSRD Office of Scientific Research & Development RAPD Raritan Arsenal, PublicaPublica tions Department RIA Rock Island Arsenal SA Springfield Arsenal Supply Bulletin SB sc Signal Corps Still Picture SC Library Special Regulations SR Technical Bulletin TB TM Technical Manual USAF United States Air Force
Aircraft Armaments, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland AD Arthur D. Little G. M. Chinn CHINN Lt. Col. G.M. (see Bibliography) Food Machinery Corp. Corp.,, FMC San Jose, California GMPG General Motors Proving Ground GI‘Ol1l'ld 0. Noville & Associates, GON G. O. Inc. HEIGL Major Fritz Heigl (see Bibliography) H-H Haberstrump-Harris, Inc.,, H H Haberstrump Harris, Inc. Detroit, Michigan HMC Co., Inc. Inc.,, Harvey Machine C0., Torrance, California Robert H. Icks Biblio ICKS leks (see Bibliography sraphy International Harvester Co. IHC lllinois Chicago, Illinois Midwest Research Insti InstiMRI tute, Kansas City, Mo. Pacific Car & Foundry, PCF PC F Renton, Washington U.S. USAA U. S. Armor Association, Washington, D.C. United Shoe Machinery USM Corp., Boston, Mass.
AAI
AAF AFB AFF
10
DIVISION A WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON MILITARY VEIDCLES Contents Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section
1 - - - - - - Heavy Tanks 2 Medium Tanks 3 Light Tanks 4 Special Purpose Vehicles 5 Armored Cars 6 Half-tracked Vehicles 7 Amphibious Vehicles 8 Cargo Vehicles
Discussion The following presentation is a general discussion of the weapon arrangements which have been used on military combat and utility vehicles of various nations . Considering the various arrangements which have been studied, it is evident that certain similarities in military armament thought and concept have existed during identical periods of time. These similarities may appear astonishing in this day and age of military security; however, it is readily explained in view of the relatively free exchange of ideas and technology between 1920 and 1935, as well as the ability to sell and export combat vehicles as "commercial" items during that period. The material presented definitely shows that as long as knowledge of basic improvements in materials, records of battle performance, tactical use, and other forms of technological information are available to the interested agencies of any nation, the design staffs of that nation will be hard pressed to maintain a superiority in general design concept. The similarity in concept of new weapons
11
and fighting vehicles of different nations can be attributed to natural processes of thought based on using the same set of given data and desired characteristics to solve similar problems, and not necessarily to prior knowledge. On the other hand, this similarity of solutions has, in the past, been adversely influenced by unavoidable limitations imposed on the designers. Typical limitations of this nature have been lack of strategic material, restraints in concept imposed by superiors, and lack of funds for basic and applied research programs.
The
quantity and quality of original armament and vehicular concepts are apparently direct functions of the funds and basic information available to the designers as well as the quality of technical personnel and supervisors undertaking the programs. The development and utilization of combat vehicles during the period of World War I and up to the end of World War II has been extensively covered by military historical experts in the field. Mr. R. J. leks in his "Tanks and Armored Vehicles" presents an excellent study of combat vehicles of many nations up to the year of 1945. His earlier book "Fighting Tanks Since 1918" and Heigl 1 s "Taschenbuch der Tanks" cover practically all the known combat vehicle developments up to the year 1935. Mr. Garrett Underhill, in several articles, presents many details of Soviet combat vehicles and tactics. These and other related publications have been concerned mainly with over-all vehicular operating characteristics and combat capability, with only general information regarding the secondary weapons, their mounting arrangement and intended use. Machine guns of all nations and their history of development and operating mechanisms have been presented in detail in Col. Chinn 1 s excellent series of
12
volumes entitled "The Machine Gun". This study is intended to fill the gap between the compilations of technical characteristics of fighting vehicles and the detailed study of automatic weapons. It concerns itself mainly with the mounting provisions andproblems of secondary
weapons. It has been the general practice to classify tank vehicles by their weight and
armor and note them as "light", "medium", or "heavy", rather than by their weapon arrangement. Changes in vehicle concepts over the years makes it impossible to separate and classify the vehicles on this basis. Actually, what was considered a "heavy" tank just after World War I could barely pass as a "light" tank today. On the basis of armor or armament, the change is even more drastic. To add to the problem, in some cases tanks of other nations have been designated in accordance with their tactical mission and this designation has varied with that nation's tactical concept of armored warfare. In order to provide a reference link with past publications and stay within the
designations established by leks and Heigl, the nomenclature used throughout this book is based on the classification assigned to a vehicle upon manufacture. The basic vehicle nomenclature used for this presentation includes the following designations: Light Tanks
Combat Cars
Medium Tanks
Armored Cars
Heavy Tanks
Scout Cars
Gun Motor Carriages
Howitzer Motor Carriages
Armored Utility Vehicles
Personnel Carriers
13 -----------------------
-
-
-
- - -
Armored Infantry Vehicles
Cargo Carriers, Amphibious
Tank Recovery Vehicles
Cargo Tractors
Reconnaissance Vehicles
Mortar Carriers
Half & Three- quarter Tracked Vehicles
Trucks
14
SECTION 1
DIVISION A WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON HEAVY TANKS
The concept of a heavily armed and armored track laying vehicle was conceived far before the advent of World War I, but no tactical action was taken until the British used the heavy Mark
m "tank" in 1916. These first tanks of the
"Mark" series utilized a considerable number of machine gur.s and two Naval 6pounders for armament. These weapons were mounted in sponsons on trunnion type mounts for elevation and depression. Bullet splash being a severe problem in these early tanks, the primary and secondary armament was later mounted in large ball type mounts. There were several variations in armament and grouping on these first tanks. Some Mark
m tanks, known as "females", used only machine guns for arma-
ment, while "male" tanks were fitted with two 6-pounders as well as machine guns. Later a version known as the "hermaphrodite" was utilized in which one 6-pounder was mounted in a sponson on one side of the vehicle and a machine gun mounted on the other side. The Mark V, Plates 116-1339 and 116-1340, as well as the Mark VIII, Plate 116-1042, used a number of ball mounted machine guns. These were located on the sides of the hull and upper housing with a 6-pounder mounted in the sponson. The Italian Fiat, Type 200, Plate 116-1413, used a 65mm gun in a fully rotatable turret on top of a barbette type hull. Corner sponson mounts covering the
15
entire peripheral field of fire were located in the hull. In 1919 the French initiated the design of a group of heavy tanks with fore and aft turrets culminating in the "Char 2C ", Plate 116-1381. This v e hi c 1 e with little modification was used in the early part of World War II. The British "Independent" tankof 1925, Plate 116-1195, represented a change in armament grouping by installing the secondary armament in four individual turrets located around the primary turret. Protection against aircraft was provided by a ball mount with conical shield located at the rear and top of the primary turret. The Russians in their Mil of 1929 and later in their T-32 of 1934 andthe T-35of 1939, Plate 116-1145, closelyfollowed thisBritish lead butplaced 47mm guns in two of the four secondary turrets. Machine guns were located in the remaining two turrets with one more added to a ball mount on the right of the 75mm primary armament. Apparently no anti-aircraft protection was provided. The German heavy tanks, Pz Kpfw V and Pz Kpfw VI of 1936, Plate 116-1196, utilized the same armament grouping but with only two secondary turrets. The Soviets in their T28 Heavy Tank series utilized a main turret with two smaller forward turrets. The T28A carried a 75mm gun and an offset machine gun (right) in the main turret, a 47mm gun in the right forward turret, and a machine gun in the left forward turret. The T28B of 1935, Plate 116-1149, had a machine gun in each forward turret, while a later model, the T28C, utilized a 76mm and a 37mm gun in a coaxial mount on the main turret and machine guns in the secondary turrets. The French "Char B" of 1936, Plate 116-1386, reverted to the 1916 French Schneider tank concept of having the primary armament located in the hull with
16
limited traverse. The USSR KB (KV) Heavy Tank of 1940, Plate 116-1144, followed the practice of medium tank design of that date and reverted back to the use of a single turret for carrying the primary armament along with a coaxial machine gun, plus a bow mounted machine gun. In keeping with typical Soviet and Japanese design practice of that date, a ball mounted gun was located in the rear of the fully rotating turret with a fourth gun flexibly mounted on top of the turret cupola. World War II, which showed the maximum utilization of tanks, started with a wide varietyof armament groupings. Towards the end of thewar the weapon arrangement became stabilized or "standardized". This" standard" arrangement consisted of a single fully rot at in g turret having a primary gun with coaxial mounted secondary weapon, a machine gun pedestal mounted on top of the turret, and a bow mounted machine gun. The U.S. M6 Heavy Tank (previously T1) of 1942, Plate 116-1326, showed a different armament grouping using a single primary turret with two primary sized weapons coaxially mounted and a machine gun cupola. Dual machine guns were located in the bow, while an anti-aircraft gun was mounted at the rear of the turret on a 45 ° slope. The M6A1 (T1E2), Plate 116-1324, also carried a bow gun with the primary turret mounting a 76mm high velocity gun and a 37mm gun. The machine gun in the fully rotating cupola was retained. A later concept of a heavy armament grouping, the U.S. "super heavy" tank development of 1943, noted by the T-28 (GMC T-95 ), shows only an exposed partial ring and skate mount over the commander's cupola for secondary armament, Plate116-1808. Ontheotherhand, theT-29 HeavyTanks, Plate116-1289,
17
utilized a fairly standardized armament grouping consisting of a bow mounted caliber .30 machine gun and a short pedestal mounted caliber .50 machine gun on the turret, plus two machine guns coaxial with the main gun. The T-30 Heavy Tank, Plate 116-1289, had a similar armament grouping. The Germans, in their "Tiger" E Tanks, Plate 116-1442, followed this armament pattern with a combination gun mount and a forward hull ball mount. The British in 1945 had introduced the A-41 Centurion, Plate 116-1358, which was unique in that it carried a ball mounted secondary gun alongside the main weapon in a coaxial linkage which could be quickly disconnected for separate aiming. The French in the heavy tank of 1950, Plate 116-1378, followed through with the armament grouping now prevailing, that is, a combination gun mount in the turret with an enclosed twin machine gun cupola, but no bow mounted secondary armament. The latest publicized U.S. heavy tank, the T43, utilized a similar armament grouping, carrying a 120mm gun with two coaxial caliber .30 machine guns and a cupola mounted internally controlled single caliber .50 machine gun.
18
GUN MOUNTS, MARK V HEAVY TANKS, BRITISH MarkV Male This 32.48 ton tank used two 6-pounder 57mm 23 caliber QF Hotchkiss guns and four Hotchkiss ball-mounted machine guns. Two hundred and seven rounds of 6-pounder ammunition and 5700 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried.
Mark V Female This 31. 36 ton tank used 6 Hotchkiss machine guns and carried 14, 100 rounds of ammunition. Two of the guns wereball-mounted andfour were gimbal- mounted in the sponsons.
Mark V Composite The composite was made by using one male sponson and one female sponson.
The Mark V tanks were designed in 1917, produced and used during World War I. Two Hundredmale andtwo hundredfemaletankswerebuilt.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1339
19
GUN MOUNTS, MARK V HEAVY TANKS, BRITISH
0 0
The Mark V* was made in 1918 by lengthening the Mark V, which is shown on Plate No. 116-1339. Two Hundred of the male 38-ton tanks and 432 of the female 37 -ton tanks were built during World War I. Armament on both types corresponded to the Mark V types except for the addition of ball-mounted machine guns on each side in the lengthened area, and in the aft turret. The male tank was equipped with two 6-pounder guns and seven Hotchkiss ball-mounted machine guns. The female tank was equipped with five ball-mounted machine guns and four sponson gimbal-mounted machine guns.
::.''
0
One experimental Mark V** as shown above was designed and built in 1918. The armament was the same as for the male Mark V* tank detailed above. This tank was used with experimental bridge laying, mine destroying, trench digging, and cable burying devices.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1340
20
BALL MOUNT. 9", IN MARK VIII HEAVY TANKS Caliber . 30
Mark VIII Heavy Tank.
U. S. Model.
43. 5 Tons.
RIA 373-34299 (1920)
Five cal. . 30 Browning Machine Guns in ball mounts were used on the U.S. model of the British Mark VIII Heavy Tank. Two ball mounts were installed in the forward turret wall as detailed on Plate No. 116-1040. Three ball mounts were installed in bell housings: one in the rear turret wall and one in each side hull door, as detailed on Plate No. 116-1041. The sponson mount was a six pounder British naval gun.
Mark VIII Heavy Tank.
British Model.
43. 5 Tons.
RIA 373-32398 (1919).
Seven Hotchkiss Machine Guns in ball mounts were used on the British Mark VIII Heavy Tank. Four ball mounts were installed in the turret walls: two in the forward turret wall and two in the side turret walls. The two side turret wall installations were omitted in the U. S. models of the tank. Three ball mounts were installed in bell housings: one in the rear turret wall and one in each side hull door. The sponson mount was a six pounder British naval gun. The British Mark VIII was designed in 1917. A Soviet version of this heavy tank, weighing 88 tons, was displayed in Moscow in 1925, using two 76mm guns and four machine guns.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1042
21
GUN MOUNTS,FIAT TANKS, ITALIAN
ofD?rn .U. ....
Fiat 2000 Heavy Tank Two of these 44 ton tanks were built in 1918 and four in 1919. The primary armament consisted of a 65mm gun in a manually operated 360° rotatable hemispherical turret. The secondary armament consisted of six Revelli (Fiat) 6. 5mm Model 1914 machine guns. Some models of these World War I machine guns were reworked to make up the Fiat (Revelli) 8mm, Model of 1935, machine guns used in World War n in mounts such as shown on Plate 116-1409. The machine guns were located at each corner and on both sides of the hull. The guns were carried in a rotatable pintle supported on an internal bracket. An inner shield was attached to the rear end of the gun barrel, ahead of the pintle. An outer, conical, segmental shield rotated in traverse on the internal bracket. Aiming was accomplished directly through a vertical slit in the inner shield.
Fiat 3000 Light Tank This 5. 5 ton tank of 1918 was based on the French Renault tank shown on Plate 116-1384. It was armed with a pair of coaxially mounted machine guns in a 360° rotating turret. Production of this tank ceased in 1919. Some of the later improved models with a similar appearance, such as the 3000A of 1925 and the 3000 B of 1928 were also equipped with twin machine gun mounts or single and twin 37mm cannon mounts. Albania, Ethiopia, and Latvia purchased some of the later models, and some were tested by Denmark, Greece and Spain.
BALL MOUNT, HEAVY TANK CHAR 2C, FRENCH
SC B31-15A(1940)
The 74.9 ton 2C tank used a 75mm gun in the front turret and a Hotchkiss machine gun ball-mounted in the rear turret. The view at the top is a detail of the rear turret, showing the gun shield and ball segment with sighting aperture. Ball-mounted Hotchkiss machine guns were also used on each side of the hull and in the front. The design of the 2C was started in 1918 during World War I, but they were not built until 1923. The 3C of 1926 was an 81. 5. ton tank similar to the 2C, using a 155mm gun in the front turret and a 75mm gun in the rear turret, in addition to the front and side ball-mounted machine guns. Stroboscopic vision cupolas were used on top of the rotatable turrets on these tanks. Spare machine guns were carried in these tanks. One hundred fifty rounds of ammunition were carried for the heavier guns, and 10, 000 rounds of ammunition were carried for the machine guns. Although production on these tanks had been small, they were used in 1940 during World War II.
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT AND TURRET MOUNTS. "INDEPENDENT" HEAVY TANK, BRITISH
This 31. 5 ton tank was designed in 1925 by Vickers Armstrong. One only was built in 1926; it is now at Bovington Tank Museum. The main turretuseda3-pounder gun and a coaxial Vickers machine gun. The four smaller turrets used Vickers machine guns. The British Tank Museum Guide, Part Two, 1919-1939, notes that one of these was capable of anti-aircraft fire, but it is believed that the anti-aircraft gun was located on a ball mount positioned at 45 o slope on the rear of the primary turret. The German Pz. Kpfw V and VI tanks shown on Plate No. 116-1196, and the Soviet T3S tank, shown on Plate No. 116-1145, were copied from this design.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1195
24
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, T35 HEAVY TANK, SOVIET T3 5A Heavy Tank
Both these Soviet T3 5 Heavy Tanks and the German PzKfw V and VI tanks were based upon the British Independent tank. The German PzKfw V and VI 23ton tanks of 1938 and 1939 are shown on Plate No. 116-1196.
These Soviet T3 5 heavy tanks present a frontal appearance similar to the Soviet T28 heavy tanks shown on Plates 116-1147 and 1149.
T35A Turret Detail: The T35A used a 76mm gun and a MG in the main turret, a 47mm gun in two opposite turrets, and one MG in the two remainir.g turrets. The T35B used the two 47mm turrets on the R H. side and the two MG turrets on the L. H. side.
T35C, with slope sided turrets, 35 tons. The T3 5C used the same armament as the T35A in redesigned turrets. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1145
25
COMBINATION GUN AND TURRET MOUNTS Pz. Kpfw V AND VI HEAVY TANKS GERMAN
These 36-ton tanks were designed in 1937, and were similar to the British Independent tanks shown on Plate No. 116-1195.
Pz. Kptw. V
Three only were built by Rheinmetall Borsig and Krupp, of which two were destroyed in Norway in 1941 and the third was destroyed by the Soviets. Official German Designation: Nb. Fz Neubaufahrzeuge
Pz. Kpfw. VI
The main turret used a 7. 5cm Kw. K and a 3. 7cm gun in a combination mount. The two smaller turrets used 7. 9mm machine guns.
!=
ll ~ II t ~
·.-
M
~
~ Pz. Kpfw. V Early Design. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1196
26
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, T28 HEAVY TANK, SOVIET (c. 1936) GERMAN DATA ;;;;t;:;~~~;p--
The Soviet T28 30-ton tanks were based on the British Mark Ill 16-ton tank of 1929, which is shown on Plate No. 116-1148. Armament of the T28 consisted of a 76mm gun and a ball-mounted MG in the main turret and two smaller forward turrets, each with one MG.
The views on this plate are from German data assembled prior to World War Other views from Soviet sources are shown on Plate No. 116-1147. The frontal appearance of this Soviet T28 heavy tank is similar to that of the Soviet T35 heavy tank shown on Plate No. 116-1145.
II.
The Soviet T28 heavy tank was used at the start of the World War II German attack in 1941. It was later replaced by the KV heavy tank shown on Plate 116-1144. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1149
27
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, T28 HEAVY TANK, SOVIET (c. 1936) SOVIET DATA
A27725
The small turrets in -- the model shown to the left used machine guns in mounts of a different type of suspension, with vertical elevation slits in the front armor plate.
57485 The T28 30 ton tanks used a 76mm gun and a ball mounted machine gun in the main turret, and two smaller forward turrets, each with one machine gun. Other views and additional data are given on Plate No. 116-1149. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1147
28
GUN MOUNTS, HEAVY TANK CHAR B, FRENCH
This 4-man 31 ton tank of 1936 was equipped with a 47mm gun and a machine gun in the front of the 360° rotating turret. An additional machine gun was mounted at the rear of the turret. A 75mm gun was used in the right front hull. Seventy-two rounds of 75mm, 70 rounds of 47mm, and 5000 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried. This vehicle was produced in quantity and used in World War after their capture, by Germany.
n by
France, and
The placement of the primar y armament on the right side of the hull with little or no provision for traverse was first found in the French Schneider tanks of 1916, shown on Plate 116-1380. Later the experimental Renault tank of 1923, Plate 116-1382, used a similar arrangement. The same armament arranged was used in 1940 by the United States for the M3 series of Medium Tanks.
NOVILLE Plait• No. 116- 1386
29
BALL MOUNTS, KV HEAVY TANK, SOVIET
DA 3738
Two ball mounts, each with a 7. 62mm DT. machine gun, were used in this Soviet tank. One was located in the forward hull and one was located at the center rear of the 360 o rotating turret. Additional data on this tank is given on Plate No. 116-1298.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1144
30
GUN MOUNTS, M6 (Tl) HEAVY TANK SERIES
Rear view of the T1 Heavy Tank, showing the T50 single caliber . 50 antiaircraft mount at the rear of the turret. This plate details the variations of the T1 and M6 series of Heavy Tanks. The mounts used on these vehicles are listed on Plate No. 116-1324. In addition to that armament the vehicles also carried two M1928A1 sub-machine guns and was equipped with pistol ports. The ammunition supply was 75 rounds 3", 192 rounds 37mm, 5, 700 rounds caliber . 50, 1,200 rounds caliber .45, 7, 500 rounds caliber .30, and 12 hand grenades. REFERENCES: T1 heavy tank {1940) Dwg. 31-238. T1E1 heavy tank.
OCM 16477, 16655, 18352.Modified to the
T1E1 heavy tank {194l)Dwg. 31-239. OCM 17812, 19199, 20680, RAPD 309125. Name changed to the M6A2 heavy tank. T1E2 heavy tank {1941) Dwg. 31-240. to M6Al. T1E4 heavy tank (1942) Dwg. 31-242.
OCM 17812, 26357. Welded hull changed OCM 17812, 18352.
M6 heavy tank (1942) Dwg. 31-240. OCM 19625, 26357. TM 9-721. RIA 99713382 {1945), RAPD 43321, 45294, 61220, 66457. Formerly T1E2. M6E1 heavy tank (1944) M6 with 90mm gun and turret of T26 tank. M6A1 heavytank{1944) Dwg. 31-241. OCM 19199, 20034, TM 9-721.Formerly T1E3. RIA 997-13383 (1945), RAPD 45939, 308905. M6A2 heavy tank (1942) Dwg. 31-264.
OCM 19141.
Formerly T1El.
M6A2E1 heavy tank {1944) M6A2 with new turret using 105mm gun. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1326
31
GUN MOUNTS, M6 (Tl) HEAVY TANK SERIES
APG 58449 (19 42)
T1E2 Heavy Tank.
The M6 series of heavy tanks were derived from the experimental Tl series of 1940. The several variations of these vehicles are detailed on Plate 116-1326. In general, all vehicles except: the M6El and M6A2El utilized similar armament components. These were as follows: T49 - Combination Gun Mount This coaxial mount with a 3" gun M7 and a 37mm gun M6 was installed on all tanks of the M6 and T1 series except as noted above. T50 - AA Cupola Mount This particular mount was located at the rear of the turret and consisted of a single caliber . 50 machine gun, ·supported in a flexible rotor installation. An illustration of this mount is shown on Plate 116-1326. T51 - Cupola Mount This cupola mount was located atop the turret of these vehicles and consisted of a single caliber . 30 machine gun in a rotor. T52 - Bow Mount This twin gun mount was located in the bow of the vehicle and used a heavy, external protective shield. T53 - Bow Mount This mount utilized a single caliber . 30 machine gun with control in elevation only. Further details on this mount are shown on Plate 116-1325. T127 - Combination Gun Mount This mount carried the 105mm gun T5El and two coaxial machine guns, caliber . 30 or caliber . 50. It was mounted in a turret on the heavy tankM6A2Elfor tests. REFERENCES: T50 - Drawing 046361. OCM 17005 T51 - Drawing D46393. OCM 17005 T52 - Drawing 059530 and D46620 T53 - Drawings E3538, D51070, and E3561. A listing of the Heavy Tanks in this series is given on Plate 116-1326. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1324
32
GUN MOUNTS, U.S. HEAVY TANKS
T28 Super Heavy Tank (1943) REF: 116-1567
T29E3 Heavy Tank (1948) DA 15874 (1948) REF: 116-1302
T14 Assault Tank.
Pilot Model.
The Tl4 was a 47 ton U.S. version of a British design designated Mk VIII Cruiser, similar to the U.S. 31-34 ton M4 Medium Tanks, but heavily armored. It was armed with a combination consisting of a 75mm gun with a coaxial caliber .30 machine gun in the turret, a bow mounted caliber. 30 machine gun and a cupola mount similar to that shown on Plate 116-159-8. T14 REFERENCES: OCM 22202, 26282. DA 907, 934, 3171, 903.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1808
DA 905 (1945) 33
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. TIGER TANKS. GERMAN
Pz.Kpfw.. Tiger ModelE Sd.Kfz.181 56 tons. 1350 built from 1942 to 1944
APG. A774 (1944) Project 3-28-11 VK. 4501 (H) Pz.Kpfw. VI (H) 1941 Design.
' I
.2i iii
L~
- ~-~---
6700-----------i
VK 4501 (~ Ninety of these were started, then converted into the self-propelledguncarriage "Elefant" shown on Plate ll6-1046. Ball mounts listed on Plate 116-1072 were used in the hulls of this tank series. The Tiger Model E was based on the VK 4501 experimental tanks which, in turn, were based on 1937 designs of the 33 ton D.W.1, Durchbruchswagen, the 1940 D.W.2, the 1941 VK3001, VK3601, and the VK6501 SW.Pz.Kpfw. VII. The combination mount on the Model E used an 8.8cm.Kw.K.36 with a coaxial MG 34 aimed with the T. Z. F. 9(b) in a 360 o rotating turret. 92 rounds of 8. 8mm and 5700 rounds of 7.92mm were carried. The Tiger 68 Ton Model B Sd.Kfz.182 was based on the 1942 VK4503, the Porsche type 180, the Tiger E, and the Soviet, T-34. The first 50 of the Model Bused the turrets aimed with the T. Z. F.9(b)1 intended for the Type 180 tank, and the remaining 485 built used the production type turret aimed with the T. Z.F.9{d). The combinanon mount of the Model B used an 8.8cm.Kw.K.43(L/71) with an MG 34. 78 rounds of 8.8cm were carried in the version with the Type 180 turret and 84 in the remainder. 5850 rounds of 7.92mm were carried·in both. An anti-aircraft MG 34 has been listed for the Model B. 34 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1442
GUN MOUNTS, CRUISER TANKS, BRITISH
The Comet Mark I was developed in 1944 after the ''Challenger" and was followed by the "Centurion'! The Comet was a 3 6. 62 ton tank equipped with a combination mount using a 77mm,MK2, QFSAgun with a 7.92mm Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret and a hull mountedBesa MG. Comet
The Centurion group of cruiser tanks were originally produced in 1945. These 53. 76 ton tanks were built in several variations, as noted below. Centurion .• _ 1,-
DA 6068
The Centurion prototype used a combination mount equipped with a 17 -pounder QFSA gun and a 20mm Polsten automatic cannon coaxially mounted. The 20mm cannon was in a ball mount, with a linkage connecting it to the main gun. This linkage could be quickly disconnected so that the ball mount could be used inde pendently. The Centurion Marks I and II used a 17-pounder gun and a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun ball-mounted in the same type of disconnectable link arrangement.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1358
35
GUN MOUNTS ON FRENCH TANKS, 1950
This 14.33 ton light tank of 1950 used a combination mount consisting of a 75mm gun with a coaxially mounted machine gun in an oscillating turret. The entire gun shield and upper turret section moved in elevation, and the lower turret section which carried the elevation trunnions was rotatable 360 o in traverse.
This heavy tank of 1950 used either a lOOmm or 122mm gun as the primary armament. A twin machine gun cupola mount was used on top of the turret. The vehicle weighed approximately 50 tons, required a crew of four and had a maximum speed of 30 mph. In contrast to present U.S. practice, an assistant driver is carried, however no bow mounted secondary armament is evident.
NOVILLE Plat£' No. 116-1378
36
DIVISION A
SECTION 2 WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON MEDIUM TANKS
Consideration of the various types of medium tank armament grouping can be started with the arrangement first utilized by the French Schneider Tank of 1916, Plate 116-1380. These combat vehicles, in the same manner as the heavy tanks of that period, utilized numerous side and rear mounted machine guns for secondary armament with front mounted cannon for their main armament. The British Medium "A" or "Whippet", Plate 116-1341, followed this trend while the later British Vickers Mark I and Mark II of the period 1923-1929, Plate 1161335, were instrumental in the shift to a single full rotatable primary turret . These vehicles still had ball mounted machine guns on each side of the hull. Significantly, at this early date the need for anti-aircraft protection was considered, and a ball mounted machine gun capable of high elevation was installed at the rear of the turret. A "commercial" version of the Mark II was purchased by the USSR and was known as the "English Workman". The U.S. Medium A of 1921 and the T1 of 1927, Plate 116-1806, also utilized a fully rotating primary weapon turret with cupola mounted machine gun. No provision was made for side or bow mounted secondary armament. The Vickers "Medium C" of 1938, Plate 116-1332, was a "commercial" improvement of the Mark II series and it was sold to and used by many nations. It mounted machine guns in the sides and front hull with a fourth machine gun in the rear of the turret. Japan purchased some of these vehicles and then built copies known as Medium Tanks, M2592 and M2594, Plate 116-1428.
37
The side ball
mounts of the original "Medium C" were not retained; however, the forward bow (trunnion) mounted gun was retained. The concept of separate, turreted secondary armament initiated by the British heavy "Independent" tank of 1924 and 1928 was carried over into the British medium "Sixteen Ton" tank of 1929. Here, the armament evidently consisted of a 3-pounder gun and a coaxial mounted Vicker's machine gun in the main turret with two smaller secondary turrets forward, each mounting dual coaxial machine guns. The actual vehicle, designated the Mark lll Medium (1931 ), Plate 1161148, had only one machine gun in each forward turret. The A7 series of medium tanks, Plate 116-1336, based on the Mark
m,
were developed using the "stand-
ard" armament grouping of that time, of a coaxial combination mount in the turret and a bow machine gun in the hull. In turn, the A9 Cruiser Tank of 1934, Plate 116-1352, again used two machine gun turrets on the hull. In 1939 the Valentine series, Plate 116-1353, based on the A9, used coaxial mounts and an anti-aircraft mount. However, no separate machine gun turrets were used. In the next series, the Mark IV "Churchill", the British set a second primary gun in the forward hull with a coaxial combination mount in the fully rotatable turret . Many different armament types were used. Plates 116-1354 and 116-1355 detail most of these variations. The French "Somua 35" of 1932 fitted all its armament into the fully rotating turret, Plate 116-1390. The primary gun was offset with the independent machine gun centrally placed. No bow gun was used. The U.S. T4 Series of Medium Tanks, circa 1936, Plate 116-1722, was a development of the T4 series of combat cars. These tanks used no primary armament,
38
the turret and barbette type models mounting only secondary weapons. The United States introduced the T5 Medium Tank during 1938. This vehicle was later standardized as the M2, and modified in 1939 to the M2A1, Plate 1161810. These tanks utilized a 37mm gun in a fully rotating turret and four caliber .30 machine guns in cylindrical turreted ball mounts located on the corners of the barbette type hull. Two bow mounted caliber .30 guns, adjustable in elevation only, were located on the glacis plate while two short pedestal mounted caliber .30 anti-aircraft guns were externally located on the turret. This armament grouping for the M2 series was very similar in coverage to that of the earlier Fiat Type 2000 Heavy Tank. Deflector plates were situated aft so that fire from the rear sponson guns could be "bounced" downward into trenches. During this same period of development the Germans brought out the Pz. Kw
n, Plate 116-1415, with a 20mmautomatic cannon and a coaxial7.92mm machine gun in a fully rotatable turret. The Pz. Kw
m of 1936, Plate 116-1311, utilized
a unique armament grouping consisting of a 37mm cannon and a coaxial machine gun in the fully rotatable turret with a second machine gun in a trunnion type ball mount fitted on the main shield. Later, a 50mm high velocity gun was substituted for the 37mm with the ball mounted gun relocated in the bow. The Pz. Kw IV, Plate 116-1419, was a larger and heavier vehicle but with similar armament grouping. The Italians developed a series of tanks of which the CA 12/40, Plate 1161412, is representative. While this vehicle was actually classed as a medium tank, its relatively light armor and small size put it more in the light tank classification. This tank utilized twin machine gun mounts in the right sponson of the
39
hull with a 47mm gun and coaxial machine gun in the rotating turret. Its predecessor, the CA 11/39, reversed this armament procedure with the twin machine gun mounted in the turret and the 47mm cannon in the right sponson, an arrangement similar to the United States Medium M3. A command tank, noted as the M 15/42, utilized the same hull and suspension arrangement without the turret, using a single machine gun in the bow mount, plus a pintle mounted machine gun on the hull. The Japanese, in their M2597 Medium Tanks, Plate 116-1432, did not utilize coaxial combination mounts, but instead set their secondary turret guns on the rear of the turret as in their earlier M2589 series. The United States M3 Medium Tank series, Plate 116-1810, was demonstrated in 1940. This vehicle followed French armament practice and mounted a 75mm gun in a sponson on the right side of the barbette style hull, a 37mm gun and caliber .30 machine gun on a coaxial mount in a fully rotating turret, and a caliber .30 gun in a turret cupola. Twin bow mounted guns, adjustable in elevation only, were installed on the left side of the 37mm glacis on some of the M3 series of tanks. The limited traverse and low velocity of the 37mm gun adversely affected the combat performance of this vehicle. The U.S. M4 Medium Tank, Plate 116-1816, was brought out in 1941. Here a more powerful75mm gun and a coaxial caliber .30 machine gun was mounted in the turret, the sponson was eliminated and a ball mounted bow gun utilized for anti-personnel purposes. A caliber .50 machine gun was mounted on a pintle fixed to the turret cupola. Twin bow mounted machine guns similar to that of the M3 were retained in the earlier models but were deleted from the later series of
40
M4 vehicles. Meanwhile, in the thirties, the Soviets switched their armament grouping from that of multiple turreted vehicles to a single fully rotatable primary armament turret. This was accomplished as early as 1931 with their BT Medium Tank, Plate 116-1146. These vehicles were similar but improved copies of the U.S. T3 Convertible Medium Tank developed by Christie. A similar Soviet tank, the R34, Plate 116-1150, was seen in 1934 and later used in Spain. The Soviet World War II Medium Tank, the T-34, Plate 116-1151, was developed from the BT Medium Tank. This vehicle was designed in 1937 and used in combat during 1941. While there were several turret variations for this vehicle, the armament grouping was very similar to that of the German Pz. Kw ill. A 76mm gun and coaxial machine gun were mounted in the turret with a bow machine gun provided at the right front of the hull. Later versions added an anti-aircraft gun on the turret and used an 85mm primary gun. The early versions of this tank were designated T34/76 and later versions T34/85. It must be noted that in this period of World War
n, anti-aircraft protection
in the form of either free mounted guns or cupola mounted guns with high angles of fire such as were mounted on U.S. vehicles were not generally used on Soviet and German combat vehicles. There is some evidence that the Soviet BT Medium Tanks did have an anti-aircraft mount. On the other hand, with an almost identical armament grouping, the British in the "Matilda ll" of 1939, the Valentine of 1940, and their "Covenanter" and "Crusader" utilized a free firing, exposed Bren gun mounted in a flexible crane-like holder bracket atop the turret for antiaircraft protection.
41 ~---------
The British Mark VI Cruiser (Crusader), Plate 116-1343, kept the separate turreted secondary armament grouping, but here the bow mounted gun was protected by a fixed enclosure. Later, some of these vehicles were changed to anti-aircraft tanks by the installation of twin automatic cannon in hydraulically operated turrets, Plate 116-1342. The later World War II Cruiser Tanks, Plate 116-1357, reverted to the often used armament configuration of coaxial combination mount and bow machine gun. The United States post World War II medium tanks, such as the M26, M46, and M47, shown on Plate 116-1818, utilized turret mounted primary armament with coaxial mounted mac hi n e guns, a caliber . 30 b a 11 mounted bow machine gun at right front of hull, and a caliber .50 flexible gun pintle mounted atop the turret, as well as providing extra folding pintle sockets. In the case of the M26 and M46 series the coaxial machine guns were caliber .30, whereas the M47 utilized a caliber .50 coaxial gun.
These vehicles all
utilized turret mounted exposed caliber .50 machine guns for anti-aircraft protection and for use against ground materiel impervious to caliber .30 fire. The Soviets in the late forties and to date have also followed through with antiaircraft cupola mounts. Both the relatively "old" JS II and JS ill utilize a cupola mounted DShK Heavy Machine Gun (12.7mm), Plates 116-1162 and 116-1163. While these Soviet vehicles were derived from the heavy "KV" and could have been discussed in the section on heavy tanks, they are discussed here since they represent the initial counterweapon to the U.S. M48 Medium Tank. A later Soviet vehicle, designated T-54, supersedes the JS III. It was used in the Hungarian
42
uprising of 1956. The U.S. Medium Gun Tank, M48, Plate 116-1823, in turn, originally utilized a complex cupola mounted exposed caliber . 50 machine gun fixed to the commander 1 s cupola which was capable of being internally controlled and thus fired without exposing the operator. An improvement on this mount was the substitution of a completely enclosed, manually controlled commander 1 s cupola with trunnion mounted caliber .50 machine gun. Elevation was accomplished by hand gear cranking of the trunnion mount with traverse obtained by the hand crank geared rotation of the commander 1 s cupola. It is important to note that the bow mounted machine gun has been completely dispensed with in the U. S. M48 and the Soviet JS series of tanks, and the Soviet T54, 105mm Gun Tank.
43
BALL MOUNTS, SCHNEIDER C. A. , FRENCH
..~ . .
.. · ~ · ~- .. ~~. '
. ..... .
This 14.6 ton tankofWorld War I was equipped with a Hotchkiss machine gun in a ball mount on each side wall. The ball segments were large hollow spherical segments, slightly larger than hemispheres, trapped against the tank wall by internal flanges. A sighting aperture was provided directly above the machine gun. The placement of the 75mm short gun, ball-mounted in the right front wall of this 1916 tank, is similar to the placement of the main armament of the U.S. medium tank M3 of 1940. The C. A. was the first French tank to be used in combat during World War I.
NOVILLE PlatE' No. 116-1380
44
GUN MOUNTS ON FRENCH TANKS
St. Chamond Tank of 1916. These early tanks were equipped with one 7 5mm gun in the front hull and one Hotchkiss machine gun mounted on each side, front and back. This 25. 3 ton was the second French tank to be used in World War I. Four hundred of the St. Chamond tanks were built, and several were abandoned in Russia during 1919 by the French. These tanks were then used by the Soviets. Early models of this gasoline engine powered electric drive tank used special T.R. St. Chamond 75mm guns. Later models used the regular French 75mm gun,model 1897, and had vision cupolas added to the roof.
Renault Tank of 1923. This 4-man tank was equipped with one 75mm gun in the right front hull and one Hotchkiss machine gun ball-mounted in a 360° rotating turret. Only one of these 14. 3 ton tanks was built.
NOVILLE PlaiP No. 116-1382
45
BALL MOUNTS, MK A, B, AND C MEDIUM TANKS, BRITISH
Two Hundred of the 1916 design Mark A Medium Tanks were built from 1917 to 1918. These 15. 7 ton "Whippet" tanks were used in World War I. They carried four ball-mounted Hotchkiss air-cooled machine guns, along with 5, 400 rounds of ammunition. Russia acquired some of these tanks when they were left in Russia by the British in 1919. Several of these tanks were sold to Japan after World War I.
The Mark B Medium Tanks were designed in 1917.A total of 45 were built. These 20. 16 ton tanks carried four ball-mounted Hotchkiss machine guns.
Thirty-six of the 1917 design Mark C Medium Tanks were built during World War I. These 21. 84 ton tanks carried four ball-mounted Hotchkiss machine guns. All three tanks shown on this plate had fixed turrets. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1341
46
BALL MOUNTS, MK I MEDIUM TANK, BRITISH
The British Mark I Medium Tank shown above was designed in 1921, produced from 1924 to 1929, and used until 1938. A 3-pounder QF 47mm gun or a 3. 7" Howitzer was used as the primary armament. The secondary armament consisted of four Hotchkiss machine guns ball-mounted in the rotating turret and two Vickers machine guns ball-mounted in the hull, one on each side. Three turret machine guns were spaced equally along the cylindrical turret wall, with one adjacent to the main gun. The fourth turret machine gun was located at the rear in the roof for anti-aircraft fire. This 13. 4 ton tank was made in several variations.A modified Mark I was made in 1928 with a cupola and with a radio box on the rear of the turret. The Mark lA, shown below, had its anti-aircraft machine gun ball-mounted on a bevel at the rear of the turret. The Mark lA* used a coaxially mounted Vickers machine gun with the 3 -pounder main gun, and is credited with being the firsttank to use a combination mount. A wheel and track model was made from a Mark I in 1926. three machine guns normally used in the turret wall.
It did not use the
Mark lA Medium Tank * Asterisk indicates British "Star" Designation used in Tank Nomenclature. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1334
47
BALL MOUNTS, MK II MEDIUM TANK, BRITISH
MARK IT MEDIUM TANK
AA Mount on Mark II. The Mark II Medium Tankwas developed in 1925from the Mark I Medium Tanks, and produced in several variations until 1934. The Mark II 18-ton tank, shown at the top, was equipped with a 3-pounder main gun, three Hotchkiss machine guns ball-mounted in the rotating turret wall, one anti-aircraft Hotchkiss machine gun ball-mounted at the rear roof bevel, and two Vickers machine guns ball-mounted in the hull side walls. The Mark IIA, 13. 5 ton tank, shown above, was a 1929 variation of the Mark II. It used a coaxially mounted machine gun in the turret combination mount and ball
mounts in the hull side walls. made in 1932.
A later Mark ITA Modified Medium Tank was also
Australia received a Mark IIA Special of 1927 that had a special turret with a right front ball mount. The closesupporttankof 1934 was a Mark IIA Medium with a 47mm smoke dispenser in place of the main gun. An insulated Mark II with machine guns only was made in 1925 for use in the tropics. A fixed turret command tank was made in 1929, and a Mark II* with a turret having a rear projection was made in 1933. Experimental wheel and track models of the Mark II were also made. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1335
48
GUN MOUNTS, EARLY U. S.
Medium "A" Tank (1922). RIA 519-35567 (1922). The Medium "A" (1921) Ref. RIA 519-35450 (1922) was a 23 ton tank similar to the T1 shown below. The Medium "A" tanks of 1921 and 1922, and the T1 tank series started in 1925 each used combination mounts consisting of a 57 mm with a coaxial caliber .30 Browning machine gun in the main turret and a single cal. .30 in the cupola. The cupola The T2 Medium Tank (1927) mount is shown on Plate first used two combination mounts, Plate 116-1504 and 116-1033. Model of Medium Tank Ml924. later used one combination REF. RIA 571-36363 (1923). mount and a ball mount, 116RIA 571-36371 (1923). 5_
Tl Medium Tank (1925) later designated Ml. RIA 608-37774 (1927) Nov The T1E1 (1932) was an engine variation of the T 1. T1 Ref: Dwg. 31-142 ILLEI;>iatcNo. 116-1806 49
BALL MOUNT, MEDIUM "C" TANK, BRITISH
This British design of 1928 was sold to Japan. The Japanese used it as the basis for their Medium Tank, Model 2589. Four ball-mounted machine guns in addition to the main gun were used on this tank. One machine gun was located on each side of the hull, one was in the forward hull, and one was at the rear of the turret.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1332
50
GUN MOUNTS, M2589 MEDIUM TANKS, JAPANESE This series of Japanese tanks was developed from the British Mark C Tanks imported in 1927 shown on Plate 116-1332. Medium Tank Model 2589A (1929) 13 Tons One of the first Japanese Medium tanks,it was characterized by its boxtype hull, short front plate with 9 small bogie wheels. It had a gasoline powered engine and was used in the Manchurian and Shanghai incidents. The armament used was a 57mm Model 90 tank gun in the turret, a ball-mounted light machine gun in the right front superstructure, and a ball -mounted light machine gun in rear turret.
Medium Tank Model 2589A
Medium Tank Model 2589B (1929) 13 Tons This tank differed from 2589A in that it had a long front plate which combined with the driver's front plate, a redesigned turret, and a deisel power engine rather than gasoline.
Medium Tank Model 2589B
Armament used was the same as that on M2589A.
Remote Control Tank, "K-NIGO" (1934) This was a converted Medium Tank M2589B. It used a Type 90 57mm Howitzer as primary armament, a small machine gun ball-mounted in the rear of the turret, and a small machine gun ball-mounted in the left front superstructure.
Remote Control Tank, Type K-3 "K-SANGO" (1939) 13.4 Tons Remote Control Tank, "K-NIGO" NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1427
51
This tank was based on results of the K-NIGO. It used two 13mm machine guns.
GUN MOUNTS, M2592 & M2594 MEDIUM TANKS, JAPANESE Model 2592, Medium Tank 13.5 Tons This development of the M2 589 Medium Tank series, Plate No. 116-1427, was characterized by a rounded turret, sloping sides, and a superstructure which protruded over the track. This vehicle used a 57 -mm gun and two ball- mounted machine guns, one in the rear of the turret and the other in the right frontal hull plate.
Japanese Medium Tank, Model 2592
M2594 Medium Tank, Japanese
Medium Tank, Model 2594 15.4 Tons Another development of the M2589 Series, this used a Model 90, 57mm gun in the front turret with one light machine gun ballmounted in the rear of the turret and another in the left frontal hull plate. While similar to the M2592 Medium tank, it was noticeably different due to the low flat cupola, the machine gun on the left hull rather than the right, and a tail piece to in crease the trenchcrossing performance.
Medium Tank, Model 2594, Japanese NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1428
52
GUN MOUNTS. MARK ill MEDIUM TANK, BRITISH
This 17. 5 ton tank was designed in 1928. Three only, with engine variations, were built. The main turret used a 3 pounder gun with a Vickers machine gun coaxially mounted. The two smaller forward turrets each used one Vickers machine gun. This tank has also been called the 16 ton medium tank. In 1929 the experimental A7, A7E1, and A7E2 medium tanks shown on Plate No. 116-1336 were built, based on the Mark III medium tanks. The Soviet T28 heavy tank shown on Plates 116-1147 and 116-1149 resembles the British Mark lli medium tank.
The drawing above is from German data of the time on the British Mark III medium tank. The tank as actually built did not include twin MG in the small turrets, but did include a turret rear projection.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1148
53
GUN MOUNTS, Mk Ill MEDIUM TANKS, BRITISH
The coaxial machine gun of the combination mount on the Mark III is visible in the view at the left. Additional data on this tank is given on Plate No. 116-1148.
This illustration from German data on the Mark III s haws oversized shields on the small turret machine guns.
In 1929 the three experimental A7, A7El, and A7E2 medium tanks were built based on the Mark III medium tanks. The A7 group used a coaxially mounted machine gun in the turret and a single gimbal-mounted machine gun in the forward hull.
The next development was the Mark II Matilda of War ld War
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1336
54
n.
GUN MOUNTS, MEDIUM CRUISER TANKS, BRITISH
Cruiser Tank A9, 14 tons Designed in 1934. First tankwith hydraulic powered turret traverse. These tanks and the tanks below used at Dunkirk and in Africa early in World War II.
The A9 used a combination mount having a 2 or 3-pounder gun or a 3. 7" mortar with a Vickers MG in the main turret, and two small turrets each with one machine gun. Cruiser TankAlO, 15.83 tons Designed in 1934, based on the A9 Cruiser. The A10 Mark I used a 2-pounder with - a Vickers MG combination mount. The AlO Mar kiA used as mall forward turret with one Besa MG in addition to the main turret which had a combination 2-pounder with a Besa MG.
__
_,;......,.
The AlO CS Mark lA was the same as the AlO Mark lA except for the use of a _!3_.__7 mor~r in· place_ of _the 2-pounder. Cruiser TankAl3, l5.68tons This tank was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder gun with a Vickers . 303 machine gun coaxially mounted.
.. The A13 was the first production model using a suspension based on the Christie. U. S. patents acquired by the British NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1352
55
GUN MOUNTS, INFANTRY TANKS, BRITISH
The Mark liT group of infantry tanks were originally designed in 1939 based on the Cruiser tanks A9 and A10 shown on Plate No. 116-1352. They were first produced in 1940 and known as the Valentine tanks. Eleven variations were made with armament as follows: Valentine Marks I to VI: Equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder with a 7. 92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted, and a Bren machine rifle in an antiaircraft mount. Valentine Mark VIT: Equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder with a caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun coaxially mounted. Valentine Marks VIII and IX: Equipped with a 6-pounder gun and a Bren machine rifle in an anti-aircraft mount. Valentine Mar.k X: Equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 6-pounder gun with a 7. 92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted and a Bren machine rifle in an antiair craft mount. Valentine Mark XI: Equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 75mm gun with a 7. 92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted and a Bren machine rifle in an antiaircraft mount. These 19 ton tanks were used during World War II until 1943. The chassis of this tank was also used to make the Valentine Duplex Drive (DD) Amphibious Tank, the Valentine Self -propelled 17 -pounder known as the Archer, and other special purpose vehicles with bridge laying and mine clearing devices.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1353
56
GUN MOUNTS, INFANTRY TANKS, BRITISH
DA 4395 CHURCHILL MARK 1 The Mark IV infantry tanks of World War II were first produced in 1941. The series was known as the Churchill, and was produced in the following variations: Churchill Mark I: Combination mount, 2-pounder with 7.92mm Besa MG coaxially mounted in cast turret. Three inch Howitzer in forward hull. Churchill Mark ll: Combination mount, 2-pounder with 7.92mm Besa MG coaxially mounted in cast turret. 7. 92 Besa. MG in hull. Churchill Mark II CS: Combination mount, 3" Howitzer with 7. 92mm Besa MG coaxially mounted in cast turret. Two-pounder gun in hull. Churchill Mark III: Combination mount, 6-pounder with 7. 92mm Besa MG coaxially mounted in welded turret. 7. 92 Besa MG in hull. Churchill Mark IV: Combination mount 75mm M3 with cal. . 30 Browning Machine gun from U.S. Sherman tank coaxially mounted in cast turret. 7. 92 Besa MG in hull. Churchill Mark V: Combination mount, 95mm Howitzer with 7. 92 Besa MG coaxially mounted in cast turret. 7. 92 Besa MG in hull. Churchill Mark VI: Combination mount, 75mm MK 5 gun with 7. 92 Besa MG coaxially mounted in cast turret. 7. 92 Besa MG in hull. Churchill Mark VII: Same as VI, but with redesigned hull. Churchill Mark VIII: Same as V, but with redesigned hull. Churchill Mark IX: Same as II and IV, but with added armor. Churchill Mark IX LT: Same as IX, but with light original turret. Churchill Mark X: Reworked VI, with heavier components. Churchill Mark X LT: Reworked VI, but with original turret. Churchill Mark XI: Reworked V, with heavier components. Churchill Mark XI LT: Reworked V, with original turret. Churchill Crocodile: Flame thrower, shown on Plate No. 116-1355.
NOVILLE Plate No. ..........__
116-1354
57
GUN MOUNTS, INFANTRY TANKS, BRITISH
The Churchill series of infantry tanks Mark IV are listed on Plate No. 116-1354.
Churchill Mark VII. The Mark VII used a combination mount, 75mm MK 5 (U. S. ) gun with a 7. 92 Besa MG coaxially mounted in a cast turret, and a 7. 9 2 Be sa MG in the forward hull.
Churchill Crocodile. A flame gun with a range of 100 yards
replaced the forward hull machine gun in this variation of the Churchill tank. Another British flame thrower was the Wasp, which was a modified Bren carrier.
Churchill ARV Mark II. This armored recovery vehicle was equipped with a special fixed turret having two cupolas and one dummy main gun. It was based on the Churchill Mark IV chassis which used a 7. 92 Besa machine gun in the forward hull. Other variations of the Churchill series included the Churchill BARV, beach armored recovery vehicle; the Churchill CDL, Canal Defense Light, which used a Besa MG in the searchlight turret and in the hull. The Churchill Bulls Horn, a plow equipped tank, and the Snake, a turretless tank with a tubular demolition extension, were both mine clearing vehicles. Several unarmed bridge laying tanks were also based on the Churchill chassis.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1355
58
TURRET MOUNT, SOMUA 3 5 MEDIUM TANK, FRENCH
This 18 ton tank of 1932 had a 360° rotating turret that was equipped with a 47mm gun and a machine gun along side. The machine gun was in an independently elevated mount. One hundred twenty rounds of ammunition were carried for the 47mm gun and 5000 rounds of ammunition were carried for the machine gun. These Somua built 3-man tanks were produced in quantity and used in World War II. Some were captured and used by the Germans.
NOVILLE Pial£' No. .............._
116- 1390
59
GUN MOUNTS ON T4 & T4 (MODIFIED) COMBAT CARS
T4 Combat Car THE T4 COMBAT CAR USED: Cal. . 50 Turret Mount on right front superstructure similar to cal. .30 Turret Mount detailed on Plate ll6-1703. Cal. .30 Turret Mount on leftfront superstructure similar to cal. .30 Turret Mount detailed on Plate 116-1703. Three cal. .30 Turret Mounts on sides and rear of superstructure, shown on Plate 116-1703, T1 Ball Mount on frontal hull, shown on Plate 116-1001. T4 COMBAT CAR REFERENCES: OCM 9707, ll532, ll592, Dwg. D7087, RIA-AC-6(Q9} July 1935 T4 COMBAT CAR MODIFIED USED: Bracket Mount, shown on Plate T4 COMBAT CAR 116-1238. T1 Ball Mount, frontal MODIFIED USED: hull, shown on Plate 116-1001. Caliber .30 turret mount , Two Sponson Mounts. Other right front turret, shown Sponson Mounts on Plate 116-1703. shown on Plates Caliber . 50 turret mount, 116-1032, -1007. left front turret, shown on Plate 116-1702.
DA 273 (1934} NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1720
T4 Combat Car Modified
60
GUN MOUNTS ON T4 & T4El MEDIUM TANKS Right: Cal. . 50 turret mount, Plate 116-1712. Left: Cal. .30 turret mount, Plate 116-1711.
RIA 735-40794 (1936) T4 Medium Tank
T4 MEDIUM TANK USED: D30681 Cal. .30 Turret Mount, Plate 116-1711 D30682 Cal. . 50 Turret Mount, Plate 116-1712 D30342, Cal. .30 & D30339, Cal. . 50 T4E1 MED. TANK USED: Shown on Plate 116-1710 D30682 cal. . 50 turret mount, Other Turret Mounts shown on Plates 116-1702, Plate 116-1712 M8 Ball Mount, Plate ll6-1038. -1703 Four D30681 cal. .30 turret REFERENCES: Q-17 (1936), RIA 735-39924 -40971 mounts, Plate 116-1711 M8 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1038 REFERENCES: RIA Q-17 (1936) RIA 735-41197 RIA 735-41198 DA 280
NOVILLE P la te No. 116-1722
RIA 735-41196 (1936) T4E1 Medium Tank 61
GUN MOUNTS, U. S. MEDIUM TANKS M2 Med. Tank RIA 836-1106
M2 MEDIUM TANK SERIES: These vehicles were armed with one 37mm and one cal. .30 machine gun in a 3 60" rotating turret, four corner sponson cal. .30 MG mounts, two side AA caliber .30 mounts and two bow cal. .30 MG.
M2 MEDIUM TANK SERIES REFERENCES: T5 Phase I (1938): Based on M2 Light Tank, 15 tons, Dwgs. D27724, D33384, later standardized as M2 Medium Tank. T5 Phase II (1938): Designed but not built. T5 Phase III (1938): RIA-TK-12 (Q18), larger than T5 Phase I. Twin bow mount on Plate 116-1807, sponson mount on 116-1031. T5E1 {1939): Engine change, Phase III. T5E2 (1938): T5 modified to use 75mm Howitzer. Dwg. D42770. M2 (1939): Formerly T5 Phase I. RIA-TK-15 (Q19) 1939. OCM 14529, 18114, Dwg. 31-202. Plate 116-1810. Used combination mount T12, shown on 116-1261, sponson mounts shown on 116-1006. M2A1 (1939): OCM 16528, Dwg. 31-206, 23 tons. Used combination mount M20 shown on 116-1261, sponson mounts shown on 116-1005, twin bow mounts shown on ll6-l807. M2A1E1: Dwgs. D42826, D42827. M2A4: Used combination mounts T12, later M20, shown on 116-1261.
M3 MEDIUM TANK SERIES: These 31 ton ta nks followed the M2 Medium Tank series and inclu ded improve ments based on the war in France. Two varieties were used by the British, the "General Grant" and the "General Lee", and some were used by the USSR. The M3 series was armed with a 75mm gun in the right hand sponson as shown on 1161562, the combination mount M24 shown on 116-1118, and116-l269, the bow mount M27 shown on 116-1241, and the cupola mount M26 shown on 116-1242.
M3A3 RAPD 50310
M3 MEDIUM TANK SERIES REFERENCES: M3 (1940): Riveted hull, DA 4772, 4774, 231, RIA 887 photos. M3E1 (1942): Riveted Hull. M3A1 {1941): Cast hull, RIA 912-RAPD 43323, DA 14633 - RAPD 50307, APG 5408 to 54088. M3A1E1 (1942). M3A2 (1941): Welded hull, APG 55054A. M3A3: Welded hull, TM 9-753. M3A4: Riveted hull, DA 14068, 14069, RAPD 11030. M3A4El. M3A5: Riveted hull, RAPD 50309, 13975, TM 9-753. M3A5El. M3A5E2. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1810
62
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz. Kpfw. II, GERMAN
APG. A46946
Cut-away museum exhibit of Model F
The entire series of Pz.Kpfw.II medium tanks was armed with a combination mount including a 20rnm automatic cannon and a 7. 62mm machine gun. Details of these tanks underwent constant development from 1934 to 1941, and a listing of the variations is given on Plate 116-1414. Further developments of this series included the VK 1601 and 1602. The VK 1601 was a 16ton tank produced in 1939, but not accepted. It was captured in 1945 while in use as a reconnaissance vehicle. The VK 1602 was mocked up in 1943 with a 5cm Kw. K39/1 and called the light "Leopard."
.
Detail of Models A to C NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1415
63
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, Pz.Kpfw. III, GERMAN
sc (1940)
Pz.Kpfw. III, Model C
The turret on the tank illustrated above used the second type of combination gun mount developed for this tank series. It consisted of a 3. 7cm.Kw.K. (L/ 45) gun with one coaxially mounted MG 34 machine gun and one ball-mounted MG 34 installed next to the coaxial mount. The internal mantlet of this 360° rotating turret moved in elevation and depression, carrying both the combination mount and the ball mount, which had an independant cone of fire. No other such arrangement of a ball mount in a combination mount has been found, although the counter part, a combination mount in a ball, has been used several times, an example of which is shown on Plate 116-1176. The first type of combination gun mount in this tank series used two coaxial MG 34 machine guns, while the third type of combination mount used a single coaxial MG 34. This third mount is shown on Plate 116-1416. The ball mounts used in this tank series are listed on Plate 116-1075.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1311
64
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. IV, SdKfz.l61, GERMAN
The first type of combination gun mount used on Models A, B, C, D, E and F2 tanks is shown on Plate 116-1418. The second type of combination gun mount was used on tanks Models F2 and G. It included a 7. 5cm Kw.K.40(4/43) gun with an MG 34 coaxially mounted. Details of this installation are given on Plates 116-1309 and 1310. The third type of combination mount is shown on Plate 116-1420. This series of Medium Tanks was started in 1937, when200 Model A, 100 Model B, and 200 Model C tanks were built from the 1935 designs of the VK 2001. The VK 2001 was also called the BW (Bataillonsfuhrer Wagen). Another VK 2001 design was proposed in 1942, and some of its features were used in the VK 3001 experimental model, which did not go into production. From 1940 to 1945 production on Models D, E, F1, F2, G, Hand J totaled 8506 tanks, of which some were converted into self-propelled gun carriages. 80 rounds of primary gun ammunition were carried in tank models up to F1, and 87 rounds in the remaining models. 2800 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried in tank models up toE and 3150 rounds in the remaining models.
Combination Mount on Tank Model G. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1419
65
GUN MOUNTS, MEDIUM TANKS, ITALIAN WW ll
....... •
..
~
i' . "
•
.
The armament detail above is typical for the CA13/40, the CA14/41 and the CA15/42 medium tanks. The major variations in these tanks were in armor thicknesses. A combination mount consisting of a 47mm gun with a coaxially mounted machine gun was used in the 360° rotating turret, and an anti-aircraft Model 300 Breda Bmm machine gun was used on top of the turret. The AA machine gun was carried on a rotatable pintle supported in the socket of a bracket mount installed forward of the hatch doors. A twin ball mount using two machine guns in a single ball was used in the front right hull. The CA13/40 of 1940 shown at the left was a 14. 85 tank with a powered turret. 104 rounds of 47mm and 3000 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried. The CA11/39 of 1939 that preceded this series of medium tanks was a 12 ton tank that used a twin gimbal machine gun mount in a 360 o rotating turret, such as is shown on Plate 116-1409, and a 47mm gun in the right front hull.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1412
66
GUN MOUNTS, MEDIUM AND GUN TANKS, JAPANESE Medium Tank, Type 1, "CHIHE'' This remodeled "CHIHA" M2597 Medium Tank, Plate No. ll6-1432 with its turret and hull of welded construction used a 47mm Anti-Tank Gun, Type 1, and two 7. 7mm machine guns, one the left front hull, the other in the turret rear. Medium Tank, Type 1
Medium Tank, Type 3, "CHINU" -1943 This tank of 21 tons was a modification of the Type 1 Medium Tank shown above and differed in turret design and armament only. The turret was larger and mounted the 75mm, Type 3, tank gun with a 7. 7mm ball-mounted machine gun in frontal hull.
Gun Tank, Type 2, "HOI" This vehicle was another version of the Type 1 Medium Tank. It differed from Type 3 Medium Tank in that it was equipped with a 75mm, Type 99, Tank Gun and one Type 97, 7. 7mm machine gun ball-mounted in the left front hull.
Gun Tank, Type 1, "HONI" or Self-Propelled Gun Carrier - "HONI" This 17.5 ton tankused the Type3 Medium Tank chassiswiththeturretreplaced by stationary gun shields. It mounted a Type 90 75mm gun.
Gun Tank, Type 3, "HONI Ill" - Self-Propelled Carrier "HONI III" This was the Gun Tank Type 1, "HONI" with heavier armor shields and armor plate added on the top and rear of the crew compartment. * Some data gave the Type 88 AA 77mm gun as primary armament with one small machine gun in the frontal hull.
Anti-Aircraft Tank "TAHA" This uncompleted tank used the Medium Tank, Type 1, chassis and a modified turret design having an open turret top. Provision was made for two 37mm guns of an experimental design and two Type 97, 7. 7mm Machine Guns.
*
ORDGU-IN 649072
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1433
68
GUN MOUNTS, JAPANESE MEDIUM TANKS, TYPES 4 & 5
Medium Tank, Type 4, "CHITO" Designed in 1943, this 33 ton tank was differentiated from previously designed Japanese Medium Tanks by its three piece cast turret, increase in size and provision for radio and hydraulic steering. A 75mm tank gun was the primary armament with two ball-mounted 7. 7mm machine guns for se~ondary armament. One machine gun on the left frontal hull plate and the other on the right side of the turret.
D Medium Tank, Type 4, "CHITO"
Medium Tank, Type 5, "CHIRI"
~ ,Q
\
Designed in 1944, this 45 ton tank was sometimes referred to as the "45 Ton Experimental Heavy Tank" or the "Heavy Tank, Type 5. "
0: /
\
D Medium Tank, Type 5, "CHIRI''
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1439
69
Never fully completed, the turret was designed to mount either a 75mm Type 4, or an 88mm gun. One 37mm, Tank Gun was to be mounted coaxially with a 7. 7mm machine gun in the left frontal hull plate and one 7. 7mm machine gun ball-mounted in the right side of the turret.
GUN MOUNTS, U. S. MEDIUM TANKS, M4 SERIES
M4A1 Med. Tank DA 6811 (1942)
T6 Medium Tank RIA 908-5962 (1942)
M4 MEDIUM TANK SERIES: These tanks ranged from 31 to 34 tons. They were armed with 57mm, 75mm, 76 mm guns or l05mm Howitzers with a coaxial cal. .30 in a 360° rotating turret. All had cal. .30 machine guns ball mounted in the front hull, M3 2" mortars and at first cal. . 30, then later cal. . 50 machine guns for anti-aircraft fire on top of the turret. The T6and the M4A2 group used, in addition, a pair of cal. .30 machine guns in the front hull. An M2 tripod ground mount was also carried stowed. A British model with a 17 -pounder HV AT gun was designated the "General Sherman" by the British and "Grizzly I" by the Canadians.
.l .f .... . . \
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1816
70
M4 MEDIUM TANK SERIES REFERENCES T6 Medium Tank, 75mm: Dwg. 31-220, RIA 908 Photos (1942 ). Later M4 Medium Tank. M4 Medium Tank, 75mm (1942) Formerly T6 Medium Tank: OCM 30397, 30551 TM 9-1750B, TM 9-731A (1942) (1943), TM 9-2800 (1947). First used M34 (T48) combination mount shown on 116-1115, later used M34A1 shown on 116-1116. Used D51070 Ball Mount shown on 116-1016 and 116-1017. Used AA mounts shown on Plates 116-1240 and 116-1243. 33.8 tons, welded hull, cast turret. T19 Medium Tank, 76mm (1942): M4 series, later designated M4, 76mm wet. Also designated M8. M4 Medium Tank 76mm M1, wet: Formerly T19, OCM 27937, 20103. Used combination mount M34A1 shown on 116-1116, later combination mount M62 (T80) shown on Plates 116-1113 and 116-1256. M4 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer: TM 9-731AA. Dwg. 31-303. OCM 21869, 26381, 27678, 27937. P/N 8358191, 2. RAPD 313332, 313331. Used combination mount M52 shown on Plate 116-1273. M4E1 Medium Tank: OCM 22633, 19724. Engine change of M4A4, later changed to M4A6. M4E2 Medium Tank (1943): OCM 19776. Wide track, 24 inches. M4E3 Medium Tank (1943): OCM 22275. Engine change. M4E4 Medium Tank (1943): OCM 22200. Suspension change. M4E5 Medium Tank (1943): OCM 21113, 22410. Used 105mm Howitzer in M52 combination mount shown on Plate 116-1273. Became M4 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer. DA 553, APG 90168 (1943), APG 90169 (1943). Used D69820 in cupola mount as shown on Plate 116-1524. M4E6 Medium Tank (1943): OCM 21411. Used 76mm M1 Gun. DA 5353 {1945), DA 5351, DA 6763, DA 5371, Plate 1157-6772. M4E7 Medium Tank {1943): OCM 21423. M4A1 Medium Tank with Ford engine. M4E8 Medium Tank {1943): OCM 22701. Used track T66, center guided. M4E9 Medium Tank {1944): Used extended track. M4A1 Medium Tank 75mm (1942): Dwg. 31-226. OCM 20680, 17952. TM 9-731A {1943 ), TM 9-731AA {1944 ). Similar to M4, with cast upper hull. RAPD 53617, DA 6809, DA 11395. M4A1 Medium Tank 76mm: TM 9-731AA {1944), TM 9-1725. Used M62 combination mount shown on Plates 116-1113 and 116-1256, and T103 combination mount shown on Plate 116-1285. Used 6580030 mount on turret as shown on Plate 116-1240 and ball mounts shown on Plates 116-1016 and 116-1017. TM 9-2800 (1947), TM 9-2800-1 {1953). M4A1 Medium Tank, 76mm, wet: TM 9-2800. Used M1A2, 76mm gun. Included M3 Smoke Mortar. M4A1 Medium Tanks with Flame Thrower : Shown on Plate 116-1317. M4A1E 1 Medium Tank: Air conditioned and insulated. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1816T-l
71
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT AND CUPOLA AA MOUNT ON BT MEDIUM TANK, SOVIET
BT Medium Tank (Late Model) The 10. 5 ton Soviet BT convertible medium tank of 1931 was based on the U.S. T3 convertible medium tank designed in 1930 by Christie, which is shown on Plate No. 116-1503 The BT was produced in quantity in 1936. The BT used a 37mm gun and a coaxial machine gun in a combination mount in a 3 60 a turret. The 37mm gun was changed to 45mm in later models. A later design of related medium tank, the Soviet R34, is shown on Plate No. 116-1150.
Anti-aircraft machine gun mount on turret of BT Medium Tank. This reproduction of poor quality is included only as evidence of use of an AA mount at least as early as 1936.Details of a similar mount are presented on Plate No. 116-1172.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1146
73
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT R34 MEDIUM TANK, SOVIET
The 11. 2 ton Soviet R34 convertible medium tank of 1934 was based on the U.S. T3 convertible medium tank designed in 1930 by Christie, which is shown on Plate No. 116-1503. The R3 4 used a 47mm gun and a coaxial machine gun in a combination mount in a 360 o turret. The same turret was used on the Soviet T26B light tank shown on Plate No. 116-1157.Some models were equipped with an antenna rail on the turret, as shown in the upper views. This R34 tank was used by the Spanish Loyalists, and some were sold to Turkey. A later design, the R37, used a more powerful engine in the same hull, and the turret was slope-sided. No anti-aircraftprotection was evidently provided; however, some data is available to show that the earlier BT medium tank carried a caliber 7. 62mm machine gun on a post mount atop the turret. The Soviet BT medium tank is shown on Plate No. 116-1146.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1150
74
BALL MOUNT AND COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS T34 MEDIUM TAN SOVIET
T34 Tank using 76mm gun with coaxial MG in turret and MG Ball Mount in bow. Photo SC 2089 58. Additional data on the Soviet T34 is given on Plates No. 116-1198, -1300, and -1301.
T34 tank, using 76mm gun with coaxial MG in turret, and MG ball mount in bow.
T34 Tank, using 76mm gun with coaxial MG in turret and MG ball mount in bow. DA 3736
..
Turret from T34 tank, using 85mm gun with coaxial MG. Traverse: 360 o Elevation: 25 o Depression: 5o
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1151
75
APG A63045
GUN MOUNTS, CRUSADER TANK, BRITISH
Crusader Mark VI Cruiser Tank, with 2-pounder gun.
APG A43212.
The Crusader Mark I Cruiser tank was a 21 ton vehicle that used a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder gun with a coaxially mounted Besa 7. 92mm machine gun in a 360 o rotating turret. Another Besa machine gun was mounted in the enclosure at the right hand of the front hull, and a Bren machine rifle was suspended in an anti-aircraft mount on top of the turret. The 21. 28 ton Crusader Mark II tank was similarly armed. Both the Mark I and II hadclose support tank variationsthatused 3" Howitzersinsteadofthe 2-pounder. Mark III 22. 12 ton models of the Crusader Cruiser tank were equipped with 6-pounder QFSA guns instead of 2-pounders.Additional data and a view of this tank are given on Plate No. 116-1344. The Crusader Mark IV was equipped with 2-pounder guns. The Crusader Mark V Cruiser tank was subsequently named the Covenanter, and is shown on Plate No. 116-1345. The Crusader Mark VI Cruiser tank of 1941 is shown above. It was a 21. 05 ton tank armed as the Mark I except for the addition of a gimbal-mounted machine gun in a turret on the lefthand forward hull. The Mark VI A was the same as the VI except for the use of a 75mm gun in place of the 6-pounder.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1343
76
GUN MOUNTS, AA Mk II CRUSADER TANK, BRITISH
The tankshownaboveis a modified Crusader Cruiser tank equipped with an antiaircraft turret. Two 20mm Oerlikon automatic cannon were mounted in the 360 rotating hydraulically powered turret. In addition, a . 303 Vickers G. 0. machine gun was mounted in the right hand enclosure on the forward hull. C'
This 19 ton tank used a Crusader Mark Ill (1942) hull and was designated the Crusader AA Mark II. The Crusader AA Mark III was a version with improved sighting equipment. A Quad 7. 92mmanti-aircraft turret on a British light tankis shown on Plate No. 116-1346. The chassis of the Centaur Marks III and IV were used to carry twin installations of Polsten 20mm cannon in modified Crusader Mark III AA turrets. The Polsten 20mm cannons were simplified versions of the Oerlikon.
.......______________________________ NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1342
77
GUN MOUNTS, CRUISER TANKS, BRITISH
The Cromwell 31. 36 ton tank was used during World War II from D Day onward. It was developed from the Centaur and was followed by the Challenger.
Ten general variations of the Cromwell were produced, as follows: Cromwell Mark VII
(1944)
Mark I:
Combination mountusinga 6-pounder gunwitha 7. 92mmBesa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret and a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in the forward riveted hull.
Mark II:
Combination mount as in Mark I, but no MG in hull. Tracks modified.
Mark III:
Combination mount and hull MG same as Mark I, but new engine.
Marks IV Combination mount using a 75mm gun with a 7. 92mm Besa machine and V: gun coaxially mounted and a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in riveted hull. Mark V w: Same as Marks IV and V, but with welded hull. Mark VI:
Combination mount using a 95mm Howitzer with a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun coaxially mounted. 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in riveted hull.
Mark VII:
Same armament as Mark IV.
Mark VII w:
Same as Mark VII, but with welded hull.
Mark VIII: Same armament as Mark VI.
Added armor, new tracks, drive.
Added armor.
The Challenger tank was built using a Cromwell chassis. It was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 17pounder gun with a machine gun coaxially mounted in a 3 60 orotating turret.
Challenger Mark I
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1357
78
GUN MOUNTS U.S. MEDIUM TANKS
T25E1 Pilot. 90mm. DA 4058
~~:t.._A..........jjfiiiiiii~T~h:e:se are typical of the period of 1ate WW II and the Korean War. Each included a combination turret mount, a cal. . 50 AA cupola mount, a caliber . 30 ball mount in the front hull, and stowed a cal. . 30 M2 tripod and a cal. . 50 M3 tripod for ground use.
The T25 series of Medium Tanks originated in 1943 and used the T99, M67 series of combination mounts shown on Plate ll6-1271, the AA mount shown on Plate 116-1240, and the ball mount D77034.
The M45 Medium Tank, 105mm (1945), was the standardization of the T26E2. The M45 used the combination mount M71 shown on Plate 116-1275, the ball mount shown on Plates 116-1021, 116-1022, and the AA mount shown on Plate 116-1240. M45 REFERENCES: OCM 29582, 31638, Dwg. 31-322, PN 8358689, TM 9-735 (1948) TM 9-1324.
CAL. .30}
MACHINE GUN
RA PO 147608
M47 Medium Tank (1950). The M47 was based on the hull of the M46 with an improved slope and the turret of the T42 Medium tank with the 90mm gun, T119, and range finder. The M47 used the M78 combination mount shown on Plates ll6-ll09 and 116-1272, the ball mount shown on Plates 116-1023 and 116-1024, and the AA mount shown on Plate 116-1516. The M47E1 included the British MK IV Stabilizer, OCM 33598 (1951). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1818 79
GUN MOUNTS USED ON M46 & M46Al MEDIUM TANKS
M46 Medium Tank (1948) T4 6 Medium Tank This was the standardization of the T40 Medium Tank originally designed as the M26 E2. M46Al Medium Tank This tank differed from the M46 in use of new components but used same armament . REF: OCM 32312; TM 9-718 (49); TM9-2800-1 (53); SNL G-244
DA 24 366 (51)
A variation of the M46, the M46El used the turret of the T42 Medium Tank. It closely resembled the T47 Medium Tank, Plate 116-1818
Turret of M46 Medium Tank 116-1271 116-1110 116-1021 116-1321 116-1240 116-1528
DA 26132 (1951)
M67 Combination Gun Mount, 90 mm & Cal. .30 M73 Combination Gun Mount, 90 mm & Cal. .30 7722408 Ball Mount, Cal. .30 7952500 Concentric Ring Mount, Cal. .50 (shown above) M2 6580030 (D 80030) Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box Holder, Cal. .50 Short Pedestal Base (shown above, top of turret, RH front) used 6580030 Cradle & Pintle Assembly Short Folding PedestalBase(shown above, top of turret, aft of cupola) similar to one on 116-1528 The 7046650 Cradle & Pintle Assembly, plate 116-1516, could be used with any of the mounts shown in DA 26132 photo above.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-llll9
80
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT AND AA CUPOLA MOUNT, JS II HEAVY TANK, SOVIET
The JS II 51 ton tank armament consisted of a combination mount in the main turret and a cupola mount. The combination mount included a 122mm gun and a coaxial 7. 62mm machine gun. The combination mount in the turret had a depression of 3 o and an elevation of 20 o, with 3 60 o traverse provided by rotation of the turret. A 12. 7mm DShK machine gun in a recoil cradle was used on the cupola; 360° traverse was obtained by rotation of the cupola. This mount is detailed on Plate No. 116-1171. There were no ball mounts in the forward hulls of the JS I, II, or III Heavy Tanks. The JS I did use a ball mount in the rear of the turret, as shown on Plate 116-1299. The JS II tank was developed from the JS I 50 ton tank, which used a 122mm gun having a muzzle brake. The JS I was designed by Kotin in 1943 and was first revealed in combat in 1944. The JS I design was based on the KB Heavy Tank shown on Plate No. 116-1144. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1162
81
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT AND AA CUPOLA MOUNT, JS III HEAVY TANK, SOVIET Another view of the anti-aircraft cupola mount is shown on Plate No. 116 -1171. This mount uses a 12. 7mm (cal. . 50) DShK, model of 1938, machine gun on a recoil type cradle.
The aperture in the shield of the 122mm gun is for a 7. 62mm coaxial mounted machine gun.
The JS m 51 ton was the next of series after the JS II tank shown on Plate No. 116-1162. The JS III used a modified 122mm field gun in the 360° turret, having Like the JS II tank, no ball mounted secondary 3 o depression and 20° elevation. armament is utilized. 82 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1163
GUN MOUNTS ON 90mm GUN TANK M48
In 1953 a caliber .30 short pedestal mount, Plate No. 116-1526, was tested on the T48 tank. APG A77631 (DA 32327) Tank, 90mm Gun, T48 (Later M48) Serial No. 2. Project TT2-760.
These 50 ton tanks originally used the 7364875 cupola mount as shown to the left and detailed on Plate 116-1559.
T48 REF: OCM 33791, PN 7364202 TM 9-718B {1952) T48E1 REF: OCM 35154 M48 REF: OCM 34365 (1953) PN 7364202
In 1954 the F8681600 cupola mount, shown to the left, and de t a i 1 e d on Plate 116-1577, replaced the earlier mount. No hull ball mount was used on these tanks. The combination mount T148 is detailed on Plates 1161130 and -1274.
M48 T48
TOWING PINTLE
DRIVER'S SEAT
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1823
RA PO 168784
83
DIVISION A
SECTION 3 WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON LIGHT TANKS
One of the first "Light" tanks to be used in actual warfare was the French Renault of 1916, Plate 116-1384. This early vehicle used only one Hotchkiss machine gun for armament. An improved version, the M17/18, utilized both a 37mm and a machine gun, separately aimed, in the turret. These tanks were widely copied during and after the First World War and used by practically all the major powers. The United States also produced a copy of the Renault, designated for security purposes as the Six Ton Special Tractor of 1917. This tank used a variety of gun mounts; however, in all cases, either a 37mm cannon or a caliber .30 machine gun was mounted, Plate 116-1327. In 1918 the United States produced the Ford 2-Man Light Tank.
These tanks
originally used a ball type mount for their single machine gun armament, but later the armored tube mount of the type used on the Six Ton Special Tractor was substituted. The Italians, in 1919, produced an improved copy of the Renault, designating it as the Fiat, Type 3000. In keeping with general Italian armament practice, either twin machine guns or one 37mm cannon was mounted in the turret. As noted above, after the First World War copies of the Renaults were produced and sold in large quantities. The USSR, in particular, designed and built many vehicles of the Renault type to meet their tactical requirements. These vehicles were designated MS I and MS IT (T-18}, Plate 116-1159. The Japanese purchased some M17/18 vehicles and designated them as KO. Later, in 1927,
85
they modified the Renault NC-1 tanks, Plate 116-1383, into their ETSU B model. During this same period the British, with a limited budget, developed and built a multitude of light tank and machine gun carrier designs which led the tank design field. These took the form of one and two man tanks, Plates 116-1362 and 116-1363, carrying one machine gun, some in a fully rotatable turret and others in fixed turrets. The Vickers No. 2 Tank of 1921, Plate 116-1337, however, followed the typical medium tank armament grouping, with a ball mounted anti-aircraft gun mounted on the top of an elliptical turret. In 1929, the Mark I and Mark II Light Tanks, Plate 116-1333, were produced with an offset machine gun turret mount. The Vickers- Armstrong Six-Ton Vehicles, produced in 1929 and 1930, shown in Plate 116-1351, were prime examples of this period of development. Several systems of armament were utilized for these vehicles. One system, Alternate "A", utilized two side by side turrets with either a caliber .303 machine gun in each turret or one caliber .50 in one turret and one caliber .303 machine gun in the second.
A second armament arrangement, Alternate "B ", mounted a 3-
pounder gun and caliber .303 machine gun, coaxial in a single turret. A third variation, specifically designed for anti-tank use, incorporated both forward and rear firing 37mm cannon mounted in the hull, plus the Type "A" turrets and armament arrangement. The Soviets purchased many of these "commercial" vehicles as well as a license for their manufacture.
The USSR vehicles had modified turrets in a
manner similar to the British armament variations. The turrets incorporated radio equipment and were designated as the T- 26A and T- 26B, Plates 116-1158
86
and116-1157. The T- 26B, in addition to its regular armament, utilized apintlemounted, light machine gun for anti-aircraft use, Plate 116-1155. Versions of these T- 26B tanks were sold by the USSR to China. These were identical with the USSR vehicles, except for the mounting of an additional machine gun in the rear of the turret in lieu of the radio equipment. The British followed through with several additional light vehicles, some amphibious, with similar Carden Lloyd type suspensions and fully rotatable turrets, Plate 116-1347. The Mark
m, Mark IV, and Mark V, Plates 116-1348,
were later examples of this development group built from 1928 to 1932. Various armament configurations were used by different nations purchasing these vehicles . Generally, the Mark V mounted two machine guns, one heavy and one light, in a combination mount. The Mark VI, Plate 116-1349, was also built with several armament variations, mainly twin machine guns of various sizes. Some versions utilized a machine gun coupled with a light mortar or howitzer. During World War IT, those tanks still in service were converted to anti-aircraft vehicles by removing the turrets and mounting instead, a quadruple machine gun mount in an open top turret, Plate 116-1346. The French Renault U. E. of 1932 was a vehicle similar in size and characteristics to the Carden Lloyd Mark VI. This vehicle was developed from a supply tractor (U. E.) and mounted a single machine gun with spherical shaped armored head covers for the crew, Plate 116-1389. A similar version of the Mark VI with head covers was used by Italy, Japan, and the USSR. The Italian version of the Mark VI, designated the CV3- 33, Plate 116-1410, originally mounted a
87
single machine gun, but later changed to the typical Italian gimbal twin gun mount using M35 Revelli machine guns. The USSR Light Tank, T27, was also a copy of the Mark VI and also mounted one machine gun. Here, like the Mark VI, the gun mount was of the gimbal type rather than a ball mounted type. The USSR also built a light two-man vehicle of their own design, designated T33. This vehicle strongly resembled the earlier Vicker's Mark I. It was built during 1932 and was similar in armament to the T- 26B, but with an offset turret. The later Soviet T40 Light Amphibious Tank, Plate 116-1154, was a complete departure in design from the Mark VI. It originally used a combination machine gun mount which was later changed into a combination mount using a 20mm automatic gun and a 7 .62mm machine gun in a turret armament arrangement very similar to that of the German Pz. Kpfw. II. The Japanese also copied the Carden Lloyd designs in their Ishikawajima (Issikawadsimas ), M2592, Plate 116-1422. Later, in their Light Tank, M2593, Plate 116-1423, the armament was increased to include a second ball mounted machine gun in the front of the hull. Their Light Tank, M2595, Plate 116-1425, was similar; however, it was armed with a 37mm gun in the turret, a machine gun in the rear, and a bow mounted gun in the left front of the hull. Earlier versions of this same light tank did not utilize the bow machine gun. The M2595 KENU, Plate 116-1429, was upgunned to a47mm gun with similar secondary armament grouping. The Japanese M2597 vehicle, Plate 116-1426, followed the armament grouping of the M2593; however, it was unique in that the primary gun, a 20mm
88
automatic cannon, was ball mounted on the right forward sponson of the hull , while the secondary armament was mounted on the revolving turret. This latter grouping consisted of two ball mounted machine guns, one in the front and one in the rear of the turret. The Swedish in 1931 developed a series of light tanks known as Landsverk 10 and convertible 30's; in 1934, the "60" and" 100" series were developed, Plates 116-1090, and 116-1092. The armament grouping for the "60" series tank was similar to that of the Vickers-Armstrong "B" vehicles, using a Madsen 20mm cannon and a Madsen machine gun mounted coaxially in one turret. The later
"D" model of this tank incorporated several armament changes. In this model, a 37mm gun was mounted on the left of the turret face in a protruding trunnion mount, while two machine guns were mounted on the center and right portion of the turret face. The French, in their H35 and H39 light tanks, Plates 116-1388 and116-1387, utilized a fully rotating turret carrying a combination mount with the 37mm primary gun offset to the right, and a 7. 5mm Reibel machine gun located on the turret center line. The Renault R35 of 1937 was similarly armed. The German light tank of 1934, the Pz. Kpfw. I, Plate 116-1128, followed the "standard" form of light tank armament grouping for that period, utilizing twin coaxial mounted machine guns in a small, offset turret.
A "Commander"
version of this series dispensed with the rotating turret and built up a fixed barbette type hull with a single ball mounted machine gun forward. The United States in their light tank development work originally built several experimental models during the period 1929 to 1940. These vehicles all had similar hulls but different armament configurations in the initial period, 19 29 to 1933 . 89
Limited appropriations at that time required extensive reworking and patching of relatively few vehicle hulls and power units in order to try out new armament arrangements and tactical concepts. Originally U.S. tanks were to be used by the Infantry, however the increasing need for mechanized cavalry operations brought forth vehicles for that service similar to the infantry tanks, but called "Combat Cars".
Since the Cavalry
needed mobility primarily with only light armament, the armament grouping for these "cars" consisted mainly of caliber .30 and caliber .50 machine guns. The T4 Combat Cars, Plate 116-1720, are typical. Here the original vehicle utilized a barbette type hull on a Christie type suspension with two machine gun mounts forward and one on each side with the fifth mount in the rear. A ball mount was located in the hull. This "Car" was later modified by fitting a fully rotatable turret mounting a caliber .30 and caliber .50 machine gun plus a bracketed antiaircraft gun. The ball mount was retained and caliber .30 sponson mounts added. The T7 Convertible Combat Car, Plate 116-1707, used the same type of turret but dispensed with the sponson mounts. The M1 Combat Car (T5E2) of 1935 was also designed for Cavalry use. It, too, was armed with caliber . 50 and caliber .30 machine guns in the turret plus a bow mounted caliber .30 in the front of the hull. In addition, a turret pedestal mount was provided for anti-aircraft use. The M2A1 (T2E1 ), M2A2 (T2E2), and M2A3 Light Tanks (1938 ), Plate 116-1824, were similar to the M1 Combat Car; the M2A1 and M2A4 mounting a single turret with coaxial caliber .30 and caliber .50 machine guns. The twin turret armament grouping of the M2A2 and M2A3 however, was identical to that of the earlier Vickers-Armstrong Type "A", in
90
that a caliber .50 machine gun was mounted on the left turret and a caliber .30 machine gun was mounted on the right turret with a caliber .30 ball mounted machine gun in the hull. The M2 Combat Car, Plate 116-1725, was similar to the M1, but heavier. The United States Light Tank M3 of 1940 reverted back to the single primary turret design carrying a coaxial cannon and machine gun mount. A caliber .30 bow mount was located on the right side of the glacis and two forward firing machine guns were located in sponsons on the hull. The pintle mounted anti-aircraft gun of the M1 was retained. The M3A1, Plate 116-1824, and succeeding vehicles of this series were similar but with the sponson mounts removed. Changes were primarily in turret operation and gun stabilization. Tanks of 1943 followed this same armament grouping.
The M5 and M5A1 Light The T16 Light Tank of
1942, Plate 116-1331, was built specifically for China. Here a caliber .30 ball mounted machine gun was located in a partially rotatable turret with a bracket mounted anti-aircraft caliber .30 machine gun. The M22 Light Tank (T9E1 ), Plate 116-1825, was a relatively lightweight special airborne design utilizing only a coaxial mounted, 37mm gun and a caliber .30 machine gun. The Mark VII and Mark VITI Light Tanks, Plate 116-1350, were British vehicles also intended for airborne use. These were unique in that each tank employed a novel form of bent track steering. The armament grouping for each vehicle was similar, consisting of a 2-pounder and 7.92mm machine gun in a combination mount on a fully rotating turret. The primary armament for the Swedish M42 Landsverk 22 ton tank of that same period (1942) was much heavier than the U.S. vehicle and consisted of a
91
75mm guP.. located on the left hand side of a 360 o rotating powered turret. The secondary armament included a pair of 8mm machine guns in the right hand side of the turret, a single machine gun in the hull at the assistant driver 1 s position, and a single machine gun in the rear bustle of the turret. The pair of machine guns adjacent to the 75mm gun were separately shielded and may have been coaxially mounted. The U.S. M24 Light Tank, Plate 116-1825, developed in 1943 after experience gained in combat, followed the current trend of armament grouping and increased primary gun power. It was armed with a 75mm, concentric recoil gun and a caliber .30 machine gun in a coaxial turret mount plus a caliber .30 bow mount and a topside pintle mounted cal. . 50 anti-aircraft machine gun. This definitely contrasted with the 37mm guns of the earlier M3 and M5 1 s. Presently, the recurring cycle of development, based on the continuing need for smaller, lighter, and cheaper vehicles and accelerated by the particular problems of atomic warfare, has brought forth lightly armored, highly mobile special purpose vehicles mounting "lightweight" armament capable of massive initial fire power. Typical of this concept are the Onto's series of vehicles, Plate 116-1826. The Onto 1 s variations can theoretically carry either rocket launchers, recoilless rifles, multiple machine guns, flame throwers, or act as personnel and ammunition transporters.
92
TURRET MOUNTS, RENAULT TANKS, FRENCH
Renault 2- man tank of 1916. Over 5000 of these 7. 4 ton tanks were built from 1916 to 1918.
This World War I tank was equipped with either a 37mm gun or a machine gun in a rotating turret. The 1917 and 1918 models were similar, with turret and hull variations. The Soviet version of this tank is shown on Plate 116-1159, and the U.S. version is shown on Plate 116-1327. The French models were used by all of the Allies during World War I, and in most countries of the World after that. Renault rubber tracked tank of 1924. About 100 produced during 1924 and 1925.
This 7. 4 ton tank was equipped with either a 37mm gun or a machine gun in a rotating turret. The U.S. tested this tank in 1925. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1384
93
GUN MOUNTS, EARLY U.S. TANKS
Three-Ton Tank of 1918.
APG A46707
The shielded cal. . 30 machine guns in the application shown above was capable of 38 o elevation and 21 o traverse. The three-ton tank was originally equipped with a ball mount in the same bow position.
Six-Ton Tank of 1917, Based on French Design.
RIA 381-32312 (1919).
The shielded cal. . 30 Marlin machine gun in the 360° rotation turret on the 6-ton tank shown above was later replaced by a cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun, as shown on Plate No. 116-1328. Neither of these models were completed in time to see action. Col. R .•T. leks, in his book "Tanks and Armored Vehicles" gives a comprehensive history of the production of these tanks in the U.S. during World War I. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1327 94
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, SOVIET
41-40 Soviet MS II (T18) Light Tank. (1928) 7. 5 tons. Improved version of MS-1 (1927) One MG in ball mount and37mm gun in360° turret. Equipment included a gas filter and smoke emitter.
Soviet MS II A Light Tank One MG in ball mount and 37mm gun in 360 o turret.
Soviet M23 Light Tank. (1923) Modified Renault. The Hotchkiss MG in the ball mount on the right hand side of the turret had to be removed in order to fire the 3 7mm gun. Some models of this tank used one MG alone.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1159
95
TURRET MOUNTS, RENAULT TANKS, FRENCH
Renault light tank of 1926, modified from 1917 model. Equippedwith 37mm or machineguninarotatable turret.
Renault NC 1 of 1927. 8. 69 ton, 2-man tank. Equipped with one machine gun in a rotatable turret.
Renault NC 2 of 1931. Twin coaxially mounted machine guns were used in the rotatable turret of this light tank.
NOVILLE
Renault V. 0. This 9 ton tank of 1933 used a suspension similar to the NC 2. It was equipped with two ball-mounted machine guns, one in the forward right hull and one in a rotatable turret. PlatC' Nu. 116-1383 96
GUN MOUNTS, ONE MAN TANKS, BRITISH
Morris-Martel One - man tank.
Carden Loyd Convertible One- man tank.
Crossley-Marte! One-man tank.
In the period between 1918 and 1929 a variety of small, lightweight, low-cost tanks were experimented with, as funds and manpower were not readily available during this period. Only small quantities were produced by a few interested builders. These tanks were built with an assortment of different suspensions, hulls, engines, turrets and other components, and in spite of the lack of funds a large group of variations were assembled. These tanks weighedfrom 2 to 4 tons approximately, and were usually equipped with a single weapon. Either a machine rifle or a machine gun was used in a fixed turret or a turret with limited rotation. Experience gained from these one-man tanks and the two-man tanks noted on Plate No. 116-1363 led to the development of the light tank, Mark I, detailed on Plate No. 116-1333.
NOVILLE PlatP No. 116-1362
97
GUN MOUNTS, TWO MAN TANKS, BRITISH
Morris-Martel Two-man tank.
Vickers-Carden-Loyd Two-man tank VI B.
Carden-Loyd Two-man jp!~~~~~~=~ Patrol Type I.
Experimental low cost tanks were produced in small quantities from the end of World War I to the development of the Light Tank Mark I in 1929. The Mark I was the first tank to be produced in quantity after World War I. The two-man tanks shown above are samples of the lightweight tanks that were built with a large variety of experimental components. These vehicles weighed from 3 to 5 tons approximately, and were equipped with one or two weapons.Some of the weapons used were machine rifles, machine guns, 20mm cannon and small mortars, installed in turret and hull mounts. Although the tank development program of this period lacked support, a large enough number of different models were assembled to produce a complex nomenclature. Illustrations of some of the tanks of this period are given in the Royal Armoured Corps School Bovington Tank Museum Guide Brochure, Part 2 (1919-1939), "An Illustrated Record of the Development of the British Tank". A compilation of most of these one-man and two-man tanks is given in "The Fighting Tanks Since 1916", by Jones, Rarey, and leks, (1933).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1363
98
GUN MOUNTS, BRITISH TANKS
The first of 139 of the low cost Mark I infantry tanks shown to the right was built in 1936. They were used in World Warn until Dunkirk. These 12. 3 ton tanks used one cal. . 303 or one cal. . 50 Vickers machine gun in a rotating turret, and a smoke mortar on the outside of the turret.
The convertible tank of 1929 was used with full tracks as shown to the left or with 4 x 4 wheels with the tracks elevated. It was equipped with twin machine guns in a rotating turret. One tank only of the design shown below was built in 1921. This 10-ton tank was designated the Vickers No. 2. It carried a 3 -pounder gun and one ball-mounted antiaircraft machine gun in a 67" diameter rotating turret. Three additional turret MG positions are recorded, but details have not been acquired. Fifty rounds for the 3 -pounder and 6, 000 rounds of MG ammunition were carried.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1337
99
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, BRITISH
Light Tank Mark I. Built in 1929. Twoman tank.
The Light TankMarklwas equipped with a Vickers . 303 water -cooled machine gun having an armored jacket ina 360° rotating turret.
Light Tank Mark lA.
The Light Tank Mark ll was armed with a Vickers machine gun in a 360 o rotating turret.
Light Tank Mark II. Built in 1929. 4. 76 tons. Two- man tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1333
100
GUN MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, BRITISH
Twin turrets were used on these British 6 ton type A tanks of 1929.Each turret was capable of 240° traverse and equipped with one. 303 machine gun.Some models were made with one . 303 machine gun in one turret and one . 50 in the other turret. Models of this tank were sold to Greece, Poland, and the Soviets. The Soviet version of this tank is shown on Plate No. 116-1156.
A single turret was used on this British 6 ton type B tank of 1930. The 3 60 o rotating turret was equipped with a combination mount consisting of one 47mm 3 -pounder gun with a caliber . 303 machine gun coaxially mounted. These tanks were sold to Portugal, Poland, Thailand, and the Soviets. The Soviet version of this tank is shown on Plate No. 116-1157.
This tank combined the features of both tanks shown above. Machine guns were used in the 240° rotating turrets, and anti-tank guns were used forward and aft in the hull.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1351
101
TURRET MOUNTS, T26W LIGHT TANK, SOVIET 1933
In 1929 the Soviet acquired a license to build British Vickers Armstrong 6-ton type A (Twin Turret)tanks.Alarge number of these vehicles with several turret modifications were constructed. In keeping with the British nomenclature, the twin turret tanks were known as Model T26A to differentiate between the same vehicle mounting a single turret and designated as the T26B. The T26B Light Tank is illustrated on Plates No. 116-1155 and 116-1157, while the T26A tank is illustrated on Plate No. 116-1156. A variation ofthe T26A, designated T26W, mounted a 37mm gun in the right hand turret and a ball-mounted machine gun in the left hand turret. Another variation, the T26W1 , used only the right hand turret and mounted a 20mm gun. Similar variations have been found where the T26W1 vehicles were converted to Command Tanks by substituting an unarmed fixed steel cylinder for the right hand turret.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1158
102
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT.,T26B LIGHT TANK, SOVIET EARLY MODEL
This Soviet 9-ton tank was used against Finland in 1939. It was used by the Loyalists in Spain, and some were sold to China. The 360 o turret using a 47mm gun with a coaxial machine gun is the same as the turret used on the R34 medium tank shown on Plate No. 116-1150. Some models included an antenna ring for radio equipment, as shown directly above. The Russians used the rear of the turret for radio equipment. However, in the tank supplied to the Chinese the radio equipment was removed and a machine gun in a ball mount installed. The design was based on British Vickers-Armstrong 6-ton light tank designs. However, the illustrations shown are from German data of 1936. Plate No. 116-1351 shows the British light tank that the Soviet T26B was copied from.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1157
103
GUN MOUNTS, T26B LIGHT TANK, SOVIET (LATE MODEL)
This Soviet light tank used a 47mm gun with a coaxial machine gun in a 360° turret, andan antiaircraft cupola mount with a 7. 62 mm machine gun. The AA cupola mount is detailed on Plate 116-1172. Two types of turrets are known. The early type, shown on Plate 116-1157, are straight-sided, while the later models, illustrated here, have sloping sides. The vehicle shown above was captured by Finland. The T26 weighed approximately 10-1/2 - 15tons, and was designed about 1930.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1155
104
TURRET MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, BRITISH . r.:il. .
:U2J:
Light Tank of 1933.
A single machine gun mounted in a rotating turret was used on this light tank.
Amphibious Light Tank of 1930. 3. 4 Tons. Balsa filled floats.
This amphibious tank was equipped with one Vickers machine gun in a 360° rotating turret. Tanks of this type were purchased by the Soviets in 1931. China, the Netherlands, East Indies, and the Thai Government also obtained some of these tanks.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1347
105
TURRET MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, BRITISH Light Tank Mark III of 1934. Thirty-six built. Equipped with a single Vickers watercooled machine gun having an armoredjacket, mounted in a 360° rotating turret. Two-man tank.
The 4. 76 ton Light Tank Mark IV used a single Vickers machine gun in a rotating turret. Two- man tank.
Light Tank Mark V. Built in 1935. 4. 67 tons. Two men in turret, one man in hull. Some furnished to Australians.
The Light Tank Mark V used a combination mount consisting of one . 303 and one . 5 machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret .
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1348
106
TURRET MOUNT, MARK VI LIGHT TANK, BRITISH
The Mark VI Light Tank was first built in 1936 and was used with several turret variations. Three Hundred Sixty degree rotating turrets with installations of two coaxially mounted Vickers. 303 water -cooled machine guns having armored shields were used on early models. Later tanks used either twin 7. 92mm or twin 15mm Besa machine gun mounts in the turrets. These Light Tanks were withdrawn from combat service during World War II, in favor of more heavily armed tanks.Some were converted into anti-aircraft tanks with multiple gun mounts, such as shown on Plate No. 116-1346.
The Mark VI Light Tank weighed 4. 67 tons. It was used by the British in France and in Egypt early in World War II. Some were furnished to and used by the Australians, Canadians, and South Africans.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1349
107
AA QUAD TURRET MOUNT, AA MK I TANK, BRITISH
DA 4402 ( 1944) The Light Tank Mark VI was modified into this Light Tank AA Mark I for use as an anti-aircraft tank. It was equipped with four 7. 92mm Besa machine guns in a 360° rotating turret. A later version, the Light Tank AA Mark n, was the same except for improved sighting provisions and turret details. Development of the British light tanks ceased early in World War II, and some of the light tanks withdrawn from operation were fitted with special AA turrets as shown above and on Plate No. 116-1342. An installation of this turret in the Humber AA Mark I armored car is shown on Plate No. 116-1364.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1346
108
GUN MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, FRENCH
Light Tank FCM This 13 ton tank of 1936 was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret. One hundred rounds of 37mm and 2400 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried. One hundred of these 2-man tanks were built.
The 2.1 ton U. E. ofl931 and 2.3 ton E. V. of 1932 armored tractors were normally unarmed. However, some of these were fitted with a ball-mounted machine gun in a gunner's enclosure.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1389
109
GIMBAL MOUNT INSTALLATION, CV 3-33 LIGHT TANK, ITALIAN
The CV -3-33light tank, originally produced in 1933, was basedon the British CardenLoyd Mark VI. They were manufactured by both Fiat and Ansaldo after a license had been obtained in 1933. These 3.85 ton tanks were used by the Italians dur ing the Spanis h Civil War, and during the Ethiopian War. Some were sold to Austria, Brazil, Hungary and San Salvador. Early models of the CV3-33 were armed with a single machine gun in a gimbal mount. Later models were armed with a twin Bmm gimbal mount. Versions of this tank were also made with flame throwers and bridging devices. The various versions of machine gun gimbal mounts installed on the many models of the CV3 -33 varied in manufacturing details, but contained corresponding components. The twin Bmm machine gun mount was fabricated of welded construction shown on Plate 116-1409, as well as the riveted construction shown above. The single machine gun mount used a centrally located gun in a similarly suspended gimbal mount.
Early model of the CV3-33, with a single machine gun in a gimbal mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1410
110
GUN MOUNTS, T33 AND T40 LIGHT TANKS, SOVIET
304717 This Soviet 5 ton tank T33 (1932)used one 7.62mm machine gun ball-mountedin a turret. The tank design was based on British light tanks purchased by the Soviets.
Combination mount in turret of Soviet T40 Amphibious Light Tank. (1940)
A combination of one 12. 7mm DShK gun and one coaxial 7. 62mm Degtyarov machine gun was used in this 6 ton Soviet tank. This amphibious tank saw service in 1941. It could travel 28 MPH on land and 4 MPH in water. The T40 was redesigned into the non-amphibious T60 light tank, using a 20MM A/C Schvak and a 7. 62mm Degtyarov in a combination mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1154
Ill
GUN MOUNTS, M2592, M2594, & M2597 LIGHT TANKS, JAPANESE
This series of light tanks, known as "ISSIKAW ADSIMAS, "were based on the British Car den-Loyd Mk VI Tank purchased by the Japanese, shown on Plate 116-1349. The turret was mounted on the rear of the superstructure with the engine on the left and to the front. The turret gun was normally carried with the gun facing left as the gun could not be used with the driver's hatch open. These vehicles were used in China in reconnaissance and cavalry roles.
M2592 (1932) Light Tank This 3-ton light tank used one light machine gun ball-mounted in the turret.
The M2594light tankof 3.27 tons carried a light machine gun ball-mounted forward in the rounded turret. 1980 rounds of ammunition were carried for the machine gun.
This series of light tanks ended with the M2597 (1937) "TEKE". This 4.8 ton light tank accommodated a 37mm machine gun, although a light machine gun was some times used as an alternate.
M2594 (1934) Light Tank
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1422
112
GUN MOUNTS, M2593 LIGHT TANK, JAPANESE
This 7. 7 ton light tank represented an early development of the Japanese light tank series. It was characterized by a small, high, rounded turret with sloping sides and semi-elliptic spring suspension located on the exterior of the hull. This light tank could be made amphibious by incorporating buoyancy chambers and twin detachable floats. Two ball-mounted Hotchkiss type light machine guns were used on this vehicle, one in the right forward sponson of the fighting compartment and the others in the frontal section of the rotating turret. Some photographs have shown a third machine gun mounted in rear of turret.
.....___________________________________ oco
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1423
113
GUN MOUNTS, M2595 LIGHT TANKS, JAPANESE
M2595 (1935) Light Tank, 11 KEG0 11 This 8. 2 ton light tank, sometimes called 11 KEGO, 11 11 HAGO, 11 or 11 KYUG0 11 was the prototype of further Japanese light tank development. It was char acterized by a rounded turretwith square front on a medium high superstructure, the sides of which protruded over the top of the tracks. The spring suspension was located on the interior of the tank body. APG 99480 M2595 (1935) Light Tank The armament used on this tank was a 37mm Tank Gun, Model 94, flexibly mounted in the turret, and two ball-mounted 7. 7mm machine guns, Type 97, one in the rear of turret and the other in left front hull plate.
M2599 Light Tank. A modification of the M2595, it was the same except that primary armament was a Type 1, 37mm gun with a coaxial machine gun.
Light Tank, Type 3, 11 KERI''. The same tank as the M2595 but changed to a 57mm, Type 97, Tank Gun as primary armament.
M2595 Mod. for 57mm Howitzer NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1425
M2595 Mod. for 57mm Howitzer. This light tank was the same as the 11 KEG0 11 M2595 but used a 57mm Howitzer, Type 90, as primary armament. 114
GUN MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, JAPANESE
Light Tank, Type 4, "KENU" I
l_ 1
This light tank used the M2595 "KEGO" chassis, and the new medium tank, Type 97, turret shown on Plate 116-1432. This tank mounted a 47mm tank gun, Type 1, and a Type 97 7. 7mm machine gun ballmounted in the frontal hull. * It was also reported that a Type 97 7. 7mm machine gun was mounted in the turret.
Light Tank, Type 98, "KENI" - 1938-1942 This light tank, a new design as compared to the KEGO, was lower, lighter and shorter with a transverse mounting of the engine. The spring suspension was moved to inside of the hull. It used a 37mm, Type 100, Tank Gun as primary armament and a 7. 7mm machine gun for secondary armament. Light Tank, Type 2, "KETO" A modification of Type 98 "KENI" Light Tank, it was essentially the same but with a higher turret. It used a 37mm, Type 100, Tank Gun installed coaxially with a machine gun. ** It was also reported to use two Type 97 7. 7mm machine guns, one in the front hull and the other in the rear turret. Light Tank, Type 5, "KEHO" This experimental light tank was patterned on Light Tank Type 2. Larger and heavier with supercharged engine, the spring suspension was moved to outside of tank to improve stowage. Armament was a 47mm Tank Gun, Type 100, and one ball-mounted machine gun in the frontal hull. ** It is also reported that 37mm "machine guns" or automatic cannon were used in this tank.
* **
Ordnance Technical Intelligence Report, No. 21 ORDGU-IN 649072
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1429
115
GUN MOUNT, M2597 LIGHT TANK, JAPANESE
leks
Instead of the primary armament being mounted in the turret, this light tank differed from other Japanese tanks in that the 20mm gun was ball-mounted in the right forward sponson of the hull fighting compartment. The secondary armament was mounted on the revolving turret. These consisted of two ball-mounted machine guns, one in rear of turret and the other in the front. This armament configuration was similar to that of the earlier French tanks such as the Renault of 1923. This light tank was a development of the Japanese Light Tank, Model 2593 (1933), shown on Plate No. 116-1423.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1426
116
GUN MOUNTS, SWEDISH TANKS
This 1929 modification of a 1921light tankwas armed with a Madsen water-cooled machine gun ina 360° rotating turret. The originall921 tank designed by the German Vollmer used a fixed turret similar to the German LK II of 1918.
The L-30 eleven-ton tank of 1.931 and the L-30A thirteen ton tank were convertibles with turrets the same as the L-10 below.
The L-10 ten-ton tank of 1931 was armed with a combination mount in a 360° rotating turret and a forward hull mount.
The L-100 3. 5-ton tank of 1933 was armed with one Madsen air-cooled machine gun in a 360° rotating turret. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1090
117
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, L-60 SERIES TANKS, SWEDISH
The L-60 eight-ton tank of 1934 shown above was armed with a 20mm automatic cannon with a single machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret. This combination mount, which is detailed on Plate No. 116-1405, was also used on the L-185 armored car. The L-60A tank of 1934 and the L-60B tank of 1935 were similarly armed, but the L-60C of 1938 used a 37mm gun in place of the 20mm. The L-60D tank of 1941 shown below was armed with a combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with two coaxially mounted machine guns in a 360° rotating turret.
)UTI T 1i' Dl .. to 1\ln
111L100')
118
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, H35 LIGHT TANK, FRENCH
The 11. 5 ton Hotchkiss tanks of 1934 were equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a 7. 5mm Reibel machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret. One hundred rounds of 37mm ammunition and 2400 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried in this tank.
etail of combination mount
M-136/33
These tanks were used by the French during World War and by the Germans after the French capitulation.
LLE Plat£' No. 116-1388
11 ~
n,
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, H.39 LIGHT TANK, FRENCH
sc 900-22-5 The 12 ton Hotchkiss tanks of 1938 were equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a 7. 5mm Reibel machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turr:et. One hundred rounds of 37mm ammunition and 2400 rounds of machine gun ammunition were carried in this 2-man tank. The H39 tanks were an improved model of the H35 of 1934, which was an 11-1/2 ton tank similarly armed. The Renault R35 11 ton tanks of 1937 were also similarly armed. After their capture, these tanks were used by the Germans during World War NOVILLE Pial<' No. 116-1387
120
n.
TURRET MOUNT, DUAL MG 13, Pz.Kpfw. I LIGHT TANK, GERMAN
Two 7.92mm, M.G.13, Dreyse machine guns were coaxially mounted in the 360 o rotatable turret of this group of light tanks. The turret floor of this manually operated assembly did not rotate. The gunner's seat was attached to the rotating turret, and the guns were aimed with a T. Z. F. 2 or T. Z. F. 2x telescope. 61 magazines of 25 rounds each were carried for the guns. Five smoke candles were carried at the rear of the turret, with the release mechanism actuated internally.
APG A79656 (1943)
Tanks of this group armed with a twin M.G. Mount were: Pz.Kpfw. I Aus A. SdKfz.101. 1934 5.3 tons Pz.Kpfw. I Aus B. SdKfz.101. 1934 5. 7 tons The commander's tanks of this series used a single ball mounted machine gun in a fixed turret. These tanks were derived from the experimental Model K-1 of 1934. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1128
121
The turret mounts shown on this plate are the M15 and M16 Turret Mounts detailed on Plate No. 116-1706.
GUN MOUNTS ON COMBAT CARS -~
·
---
' ,p .
T7 CONVERTIBLE COMBAT CAR (1938) 10-TON
I
'·
USED: M15 Turret Mounts, Plate 116-1706. Bracket Mount, Plate 116-1238. Ball Mount in frontal hull. REFERENCES: OCM 13641, OCM 15500 RIA 827-42550. DA 257
M1A1 COMBAT CAR (1938) Formerly T5E2 Combat Car. Became M1A2 Light Tank. USED: M15 and M16 Turret Mounts, Plate 116-1706. M18 Turret Mounts. T7E2 Turret Mount, Plate 116-1704. T7E1 Combination Mount, Plate 116-1101. T2 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1004. M8 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1000 M13 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1008. REFERENCES: - RIA-TK-1 (Q-6) RIA 780 Photo File.
NOVILLE Plate No.
116-1707M1 Combat Car
M1A1 Combat Car RIA 810-42463 (1938).
M1 COMBAT CAR (1934) 9. 7 TONS Became M1A2 Light Tank. USED: M15 and M16 Turret Mounts, Plate 116-1706. Bracket Mount, Plate 116-1238. M20 Bracket Mount, Plate 116-1237. M8 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1000. M13 Modified Ball Mount, Plate 116-1008. REFERENCES: ORD 10691, RIA 780-40835, RIA 780-40836, SC 106250.
122 RIA 780-40833 (1936).
GUN MOUNTS, U.S. LIGHT TANKS The M2A1 (T2E1) Light Tank of 1934 used the combination mount shownon ll6-1105 and the ball mount shown on 116-1000. The M2A2 {T2E2) Light Tank of 1937 used two turrets, as shown on 116-1704 and -1003, and the ball mounts shown on 116-1004, -1008, -1038 and -1039. The dual turret arrangement was also used on the M2A3 Light Tank, as shown on 116-1705. The T2E3 was designed with a barbette, but none were built. The series noted above all used a ball mount in the front hull, and a cycle of designs, from single turret through dual turret and barbette, with the single turret design being reverted to in the M3 series shown below. These later tanks increased the caliber of the primary armament and added AA mounts. M2A1 Light Tank RIA 775-40652 (193 5)
'
ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN
M3A1 Light Tank (1941) Used combination mounts shown on 116-ll70 & 1165, ball mount shown on 116-1008, and AA mount shown on 116-1237. An M2 Tripod, 116123 6, was carried for ground us e.
I
ANTENNA MAST BASE
~UTCH
THROWOUT YOKE
STEERING BRAKE LEVER
TRAILING IDLER
I
SUSPENSION
TRANSMISSION
AUXILIARY GENERATOR
M5 Light Tank {1942)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1824
123
PROPELLER SHAFT
RA PO 45306
The M5 series (formerly M4light tank) was armed with the combination mount shown on 116 -1103, the ball mount shown on 116-1012, and a fixed center bow mount. The M5A1 Light Tank (1942), shown on 116-1170, used the combination mount shown on ll6-ll70, the ball mount shown on ll6-1012, and an AA mount.
GUN MOUNTS ON M2 COMBAT CAR This Combat Car of 12. 5 Tons carried a 4-man crew and was designed in 1940. It was developed into the MlAl Light Tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1725
RIA 854-2027 (1940)
RIGHT TURRET:
Caliber .30 Turret Mount, detailed on Plate 116-1714.
LEFT TURRET:
Caliber . 50 Turret Mount, D3 49 56, detailed on Plate 116-1713.
REAR TURRET:
M20 Bracket Mount, detailed on Plate 116-1237.
FRONT HULL:
M13 Modified Ball Mount, detailed on Plate 116-1008.
REFERENCES:
RIA 854 Photo File ORD 14155
124
GUN MOUNTS, T16 LIGHT TANK
RA PO 43348
Light Tank
T16 (CTLS-4 TAC) China
Two caliber . 30 machine guns were used in this tank. One was ball-mounted in the turret, and aimed through a vision slit. The other was suspended in a pintle assembly on top of the turret. The view shown above is with the top anti-aircraft gun removed. Rotation of the turret was limited to 240 o. The tank weighed 8 tons and had a 1/2" armor.It was designed and built in 1942 by Marmon-Herrington for China.
A partial list of Pre-World War II Chinese armed vehicles is as follows: 1915: 1922: 1927:
--
English trucks were armed and used in Shanghai. English Austins and other cars were armed in China. Renault Light Tanks, Model 1918 and 1926. British 6 ton tanks and amphibious tanks. German Sd.Kfz.222 armored cars and armed motorcycles. U.S. M3A3 Light Tanks. Soviet T26B Light Tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1331
125
GUN MOUNTS U. S. LIGHT TANKS
The 25 ton T41 used the combination mount shown on Plate 116-1281, the AA mount shown on Plate 116-1240, and cal. .30 container mounts on the turret bustle.
APG (1950) T41 Light Tank "Walker BullDog" The later T41E1 is shown on 1161282. The T41E1 was later standardized as the M41. No ball mount was used on this series.
APG 94535 (1943) The T24 was armed with the T 24 ' No. l, Light Tank. combination mount shown on Plates 116- 1119 and -1190, the ball mount shown on 1161010 and -1011, and the AA mount shown on 116-1240 and -1527. The T24 was later standardized as the M24, with the cupola mount shown on 116-1320.
The T9 used only a combination mount, which was developed into the mount shown on Plate 116-1106.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1825
DA 893 T9 Light Tank.
126
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, BRITISH
The Light Tank Mark VII was also known as the Tetrarch. It was designed and built in 1939. This 8. 4 ton vehicle was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2 -pounder gun with a coaxially mounted 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in a 360 a rotating turret. Some of these tanks were furnished to the Soviets under Lend-Lease.
The Light Tank Mark VITI of 1943 was developed from the Mark VII. The Mark VIII was also called the "Harry Hopkins". An adapter was used on the 2-pounder gun to increase penetration.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1350
127
WEAPON MOUNTS ON U.S. LIGHT TANKS, "ONTOS" SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES
Tl64 Multiple Rifle & Machine Gun Mount. The Tl64 conversion kit included four 105 mm Tl70 recoilless rifles, one M2 cal. .30 MG and two T-46 cal. . 50 spotting rifles.
Tl65 Self-Propelled l05mm Multiple Rifle. This 7. 5 ton vehicle included six Tl70 recoilless rifles, one M2 cal. .30 MG, and two T-46 cal. .50 spotting rifles.
T166 Self-Propelled 105mm Rifle. This 6 ton vehicle included one T-170 recoilless rifle with one T-46 cal. . 50 spotting rifle, in the cradle from the T-149E1 tripod ground mount, both hand controlled externally.
T167 Self-Propelled 105mm Multiple Rifle. This 7. 7 ton vehicle included eight T-170 recoilless rifles, one M2 cal. .30 MG and two T-46 spotting rifles. The T164, T165 and Tl67 had manually operated, internally controlled, externally loaded turrets.
This experimental twin cluster 4. 5" rocket launcher was designed for installation on the turret of the "Ontos ". The 28 rockets were aimed and triggered from within the vehicle, with the clusters remotely jettisonable. 128 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1826
«
SECTION 4
DIVISION A
WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON SELF- PROPELLED ARTILLERY, ANTI- TANK, AND SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES Full-tracked vehicles were not limited to combat tank use.
Even during
World War I, many special purpose vehicles were built on tank hulls.
Later,
and in World War II, vehicles such as Bridgelayers, Armored Recovery Vehicles, Self-Propelled Guns and Howitzers, Tractors, Reconnaissance Vehicles, and Personnel Carriers were extensively used. In the period after World War I, these special purpose vehicles often were unarmed, or at best carried light or sub-machine guns.
Gradually, however,
as the need for anti-aircraft and anti-personnel protection became more evident light machine guns were added.
These guns were mounted on brackets, skate
and rail mounts, as well as ball mounts. The U. S. T 1 Howitzer Motor Carriage of 1929,
as well as the earlier
Christie carriers, carried no secondary armament; however, the later T 3 , Plate 116-1827, carried a ball-mounted machine gun in a fixed turret.
By the
time World War II was under way, the need for protective armament was recognized and practically all U. S. vehicles carried some form of gun mount.
The
M7 Howitzer Motor Carriage carried a skate and ring mounted caliber . 50 rnachine gun in a cylindrical "pulpit".
Hence, its nickname of the "Priest".
The
M8 Howitzer Motor Carriage used a ring mount in an open turret. The M10 and Ml0A1 Gun Motor Carriages, Plate 116-1136, mounted a caliber . 50 machine gun on a pintle, socket, and cradle assembly fastened to the rear of the open turret.
129
The Germans, during World War II, did not arm many of their vehicles with anti-aircraft mounts. As a rule, a special anti-aircraft vehicle accompanied the combat vehicles.
Their self-propelled guns did use ball mounted machine guns
in the hulls, Plate 116-1046, for frontal protection.
A notable departure from
this practice was found on the Panzer Jaeger Tank Destroyer, where a machine gun was fitted on top of the barbette style hull.
This gun was mounted on an in-
ternally controlled, periscopically aimed pedestal mount.
Two armor "wings"
protected the machine gun and mount, as shown in Plate 116-1536. The later Soviet seH-propelled guns, Plate 116-1164, carried an exposed DShK 12. 7mm machine gun on a cupola mount atop the hull.
The earlier "SU"
vehicles, carrying 76mm, 85mm, or 100mm guns did not mount machine guns. The French self-propelled guns, in a late design, Plate 116-1385, carried a completely enclosed machine gun in an oscillating cupola mount. The United States post-war developments paralleled these same concepts and fitted cupola-mounted, externally operated machine guns to the self -propelled vehicles.
The latest developments such as the T97 Self-propelled 155mm gun
and the T98E1 Self-propelled 105mm Howitzer both utilize pedestal mounted guns alongside vision cupolas. However, these could be replaced with enclosed cupola mounts such as that on the T51 Heavy Recovery Vehicle, Plate 116-1828. The T51 Pilot Heavy Recovery Vehicle used the cupola mount shown onPlate No. 116-1599, while the M51 (production model of T51) used a modification of the cupola mount shown on this plate.
The modification included removal of the
internal firing controls and rework of the support brackets.
The M59 and M75
Armored Infantry Vehicles used the cupola mount shown on Plate 116-1321.
130
GUN MOUNTS, U. S. MOTOR CARRIAGES The ball mount shown on Plate 116-1009 was used in a turret on the T3 shown to the left.
APG 39379 (1940) T3 Carriage, Motor, 75mm Howitzer.
DA 670 (1944) M8 Carriage, Motor, 75mm Howitzer. The concentric ring mount shown on Plate 116-1469 was used on this turreted vehicle.
~
The concentric ring mount shown on 1161519 was used on this vehicle.
APG 34922 (1946) (DA 21646) M37, first production, 105mm Howitzer Motor Carriage.
.....____________________________________ NOVILLE Plate !\o. 116-1827
131
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
APG A43805
12. Scm. Pak 44 oder Pak 80 (L/55) Pz. Jag. Tiger Ausf B (Sd. Kfz. 186) Jagdtiger. (1944) 68 - 70 tons. Tank destroyer
I
APG A44144
)
8. Bern. Pak. 43/2 (L/71) on Pz. Jag. Tiger. (Sd. Kfz. 184) Early designation "Ferdinand" after Dr. Ferdinand Porsche. Later designation "Elefant". These were conversions of VK 4501 (P) Tiger into selfpropelled gun carriages of 80 tons. (1942). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1046
132
GUN MOUNTS, ITALIAN WWll
\..
M15/42 Command Tank
.· ..
.~
..- . -
.- . ~
.. .
.
..
~
-
..• . •.
J
•
4
Anti-tank 20mm automatic Breda cannons were used in ball mounts on both of these late World War II armored vehicles. Each vehicle was also equipped with an anti-aircraft Breda 8mm Model 1938 machine gun. The AA machine gun shown above was carried in a rotatable pintle supported in a bracket at the forward left edge of the opened turret. The AA machine gun shown below was carried in a rotatable pintle supported by a short pedestal on the rear wall of the open turret. L6/41 Semovente The turret of this self propelled antitank gun was an open well, without closeable hatch covers such as shown on the command tank above leks
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1411
133
AA CUPOLA MOUNT, JSU 122 AND JSU 152, SOVIET
Soviet JSU 122 Both the JSU 122 and JSU 152 used the DShK 12. 7mm cupola mount shown on Plate No. 116-1171. The 51-ton JSU 122 shownaboveuseda 122mm long gun M1931/37 with stowage for approximately 30 rounds.Early models of the JSU 122 used a 122mm Howitzer M1938. The 122mm gun had a traverse of 22°, elevation of 15°, and depression of 4°. The 51-ton JSU 152 shown below used a 152mm gun Howitzer M1937, with stowage for 20 rounds. The 152mm gun had a traverse of 20 o, elevation of 20 o, and depress ion of 3 o. Both the JSU 122 and JSU 152 were built in 1943, using a KV heavy tank chassis.
Both vehicles carried two PPS submachine guns for firing through pistol ports and twenty-five hand grenades for close-in protection. This was also standard secondary armament for other Soviet SU vehicles such as the SU76, SU85, and SU100, all of which did not have machine gun mounts. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1164
134
CUPOLA MOUNT, S.P. ARTILLERY, FRENCH
leks
One machine gun was used in this 1949 oscillating cupola mount. The upper section carrying the gun rocked on trunnions for depression and elevation. The lower cupola section rotated 360 o in traverse.
In the installation shown above, the cone of fire against ground targets was limited by the large tubular range finder. This cupola mount could not be trained on low ground targets surrounding the vehicle.
NOVILLE Plat<' No. 116-1385
135
GUN MOUNTS, U.S. VEHICLES The T51 HRV was armed with the cupola mount detailed on Plate ll6-1599.
T51 Heavy Recovery Vehicle
DA 34607 (1953)
The T194 shown below used the AA mount detailed on Plate 116-1516 on a concentric ring mount. DA 35363 (1953) T194 Vehicle, Self Propelled, 155mm Howitzer.
DA 9281 (1951). M19 Twin 40mm Gun Motor Carriage, in Korea. The vehicle above was normally without secondary armament. The short pedestal mount on the front hull was a local adaptation to provide cal. . 50 protection. The assembly included the M2 ammunition chest, not usually used on manually aimed guns. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1828
136
DIVISION A
SECTION 5
WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON WHEELED VEHICLES Wheeled armed and armored cars preceded the track-laying combat vehicle by many years. The idea of an armored wheeled vehicle can be traced back beyond the Egyptians, but it was not until the turn of this century, with the advent of suitable power plants, that the self-propelled armored vehicle became areality.
In the United States, several wheeled vehicles armed with machine guns
were built in the period 1895 to 1912, Plate 116-1233. The Jeffery Quad of 1915 was typical of armored cars in this latter period. This car was unique, not from an armament point of view, but in that even at this early time, the tactical needs of an armored car were recognized.
All wheel drive, forward and rear steer-
ing, as well as full reversibility was provided. Both the British and the Russians considered the fabrication of a "Big Wheel" tank, Plate 116-1169; however, none were actually completed.
The Russians
purchased several types of armored cars from England and Italy, Plate 1161168. The Austin and Fiat vehicles both carried dual rotatable turrets mounting single machine guns, while the Garford used only one turret in the rear with machine guns in two forward sponsons. The Italians also developed several wheeled vehicles, Plate 116-1406, of which the 1916 Ansaldo with its turret and cupola was unique. During this same period, the British reworked many types of standard automotive and truck chassis, predominately with machine gun armament.
(Plates
116-1214, 116-1371, and 116-1372.) The Seabrook, however, carried a 3-pounder
137
Naval gun and four machine guns.
Austins, of the same type purchased by
Russia, fitted with two circular, enclosed, rotating turrets, each mounting a Vickers machine gun, were extensively used during the late mobile phase of World War I for clean-up operations. The Rolls Royce armored cars have a remarkable longevity record for a fighting vehicle. Plate 116-1373 outlines the record of a 1911 converted vehicle which was carried in service until 1940. The Germans, in World War I, also utilized armored cars.
Initially, these
were rebuilt trucks incorporating a pedestal mounted machine gun, Plate 1161394.
Later, turret vehicles such as the 1915 Bussing and the 1917 Ehrhardt
were built. These carried three or more machine guns on quick release mounts so that the guns could be fired from other ports about the hull. After World War I, armored cars were extensively used for patrol and fighting duty in the troubled areas of the world.
The British 4 x 4 Crossley of 1923,
Plate 116-1369, which was typical of this period, carried a dome-shaped turret and vision cupola with four ball mounts equally spaced around. guns were carried.
Two machine
The gun mountings for these vehicles varied; some had el-
evating gear while others used shoulder controlled guns.
Later 6 x 4 Guy's and
6 x 4 Crossley's were produced, Plate 116-1370; however, they all carried the same type of turret.
The 6 x 4 Lanchester of 1931, Plate 116-1220, had a fully
rotatable turret, gear-driven in traverse, and mounted combination machine guns with telescopic sighting.
Some models of this vehicle also incorporated a
gimbal mounted bow machine gun. As noted earlier, Rolls Royce armored cars were fabricated in several
138
models with many variations in armament grouping.
The Model of 1920, Plate
116-1374, utilized a fully enclosed, beveled turret with a gimbal-mounted machine gun, while the 1924 version carried a Bren gun, Boys anti-tank rifle, and a smoke generator in an open top turret. Some models were later fitted with twin Lewis guns atop the turret in a Scarff type mount.
These vehicles were exten-
sively used in Egypt and India during the early pat't of World War II. The French also developed armored cars which had varying armament arrangements.
The early Peugot of 1915, Plate 116-1398, utilized one machine
gun in a shielded pedestal mount while the later White armored car was fitted with a 37mm gun and a machine gun mounted on opposite sides of the turret. The Japanese purchased many Crossley cars from the British, Plate 1161451.
Later, they removed the dome turret and substituted a stationary turret
or barbette with two ball-mounted heavy machine guns.
In 1932, they modified
a commercial truck to form the M2592 "Osaka" Armored Car, Plate 116-1449. This vehicle mounted a water-cooled machine gun in a high cylindrical turret. The "Kokusan", Plate 116-1448, was a 6 x 4 vehicle with one machine gun in the rotating turret, an off s e t pintle mounted anti -aircraft gun, and three ballmounted machine guns, one on each side of the hull and one in the bow. "Sumida" series was designed for both road and rail use, Plate 116-1450.
Their One
machine gun was ball-mounted in a conical turret of the M2593 (1933); however, an earlier vehicle, the M2591, also carried an anti-aircraft gun in a beveled face at the rear of the turret. In the United States, it was not until the middle twenties that serious consideration was given to wheeled armored cars by the Military.
139
In 1929 and 1930,
the Quartermaster Corps produced the 2 x 4 U. S. Light Armored Car and the 4 x 4 Franklin Four Wheel Drive Armored Car (T7). single machine guns mounted in a rotatable turret.
These vehicles both used
In addition, the T7 mounted
a bow gun. The T2 Armored Car of 1930, Plate 116-1700, was an Ordnance Corps modification of a La Salle chassis and used an open-topped turret fixed to a concentric ring mount for traverse. The Cavalry Scout Car, Plate 116-1701, was also typical of this period.
The Ml Armored Car (T4), Plate 116-1267, was a 6 x 4
car armed with a combination machine gun mount in a fully rotating turret, telescopically sighted, with a bracket mount for a third machine gun.
This same
arrangement was used on the T5 Convertible Armored Car, Plate 116-1501. Skoda of Czechoslovakia built several armored cars with unique armament groupings, Plate 116-1403. 360° rotatable turret.
Their PA-l of 1921 carried dual machine guns in a
Later, in the PA-2, the turret was dispensed with and
four ball-mounted machine guns carried, one in each corner of a faired hull . The PA-4 of 1927 carried three machine guns, one each at the front and sides of the rotatable turret with a 37mm cannon in the hull. In the early 1930's, the Soviets built several armored cars on Ford chassis. The BA-7, Plate 116-1166, was typical; it carried one machine gun in an enclosed rotatable turret.
The 4 x 2 BA-27, Plate 116-1167, in turn, carried a
37mm combination gun mount with an offside, ball-mounted machine gun, while the 6 x 4 BA-32 carried a 47mm combination gun mount in a turret similar to that of their T26B Light Tank. In addition, a ball-mounted machine gun was located in the windshield. An amphibious vehicle, also a BA Ford, Plate 116-1161,
140
was unique in its armament grouping in that two turrets were used.
The pri-
mary turret, midship, carried a combination gun mount, while the second turret, in the rear, carried a ball-mounted machine gun. A third machine gun was carried in a ball mount on the windshield. The Austrian ADGZ, Plate 116-1377, was an 8 x 8 vehicle carrying two shielded ball-mounted guns in the turret with a third gun in a ball mount on the left side of glacis. In 1929, Fiat of Italy developed the 4 x 4 model 501 armored car with one machine gun in a fully rotatable turret, and a second gun in the hull, Plate 1161407.
The Fiat 604 Armored Personnel Carrier carried the same turret and
hull gun.
The An sal do of 1930 was a unique wheeled "tank" antedating later de-
velopments, carrying a cannon and a pintle-mounted anti-aircraft machine gun. The 6 x 4 Fiat model 611 of 1934, Plate 116-1408, was typical of cars of that period, mounting two individually aimed machine guns or one 47 mm gun. The SVA Autoblinda 40, like the German vehicles, mounted a 20mm gun and coaxial 8mm machine gun in the turret with a third gun in the rear of the hull. In 1931, Sweden demonstrated an armored truck mounting a pedestalmounted, shielded cannon and a ball-mounted machine gun, Plate 116-1404. Their 6 x 6 L-181 and 4 x 4 L-185 cars carried a turret armament grouping identical to that of their L-60 light tanks. The Germans developed an excellent series of armored cars starting with the ASP-6 of 1933.
Their Sd. Kfz. series 231 through 234 of 1940, Plate 116-
1430, were excellently armed and armored.
A 20mm cannon and machine gun
were carried on a combination mount in a f u 11 y rotating turret.
141
In the later
Sd. Kfz. 234/2, the armament was upgunned to a 5cm cannon. In 1939, the British initiated development of a series of 4 x 4 armored cars or "wheeled tanks" represented by the Guy Mark I and later by the Humber series, Plate 116-1189. In the Guy Mark I, the armament consisted of a combination . 5 and .303 machine gun mount, shoulder controlled in elevation and gear traversed.
Later, in the Mark IA, this was changed to 15mm and 7.92mm ma-
chine guns.
The Humber Mark I, II, and Ill carried the same armament in im-
proved turrets.
The Mark IV carried a 37mm gun and 7. 92mm machine gun.
Early in World War II, the Mark I's were converted into anti-aircraft vehicles mounting a quad machine gun turret, Plate 116-1364. The Daimler Marks I and II, Plate 116-1277, were improved over the Humbers. They carried a 2-pounder and 7.92mm in a combination mount plus a light Bren gun. The A. E. C. Mark I utilized the same armament grouping; however, the Mark IT carried a 6-pounder in a larger turret, and the Mark III carried a 75mm gun (British). The Marmon-Herringtons were composite vehicles assembled in South Africa. Plate 116-1368 details the many variations in armament.
The Mark VI is the
most interesting from an armament point of view, combining a 2-pounder and caliber .30 machine gun combination mount with a separate twin caliber .30 antiaircraft mount in an open-topped turret. Late model vehicles, similar to the Daimlers, were the "Coventry" series, Plate 116-1375.
The Coventry Mark I carried the typical 2-pounder and light
machine gun in a combination mount, while the Mark II carried a 75mm gun in the combination mount.
142
The British also used aU. S. built armored car of the T17 series called the "Staghound", Plate 116-1268.
The T17E2 model of the Staghound was an anti-
aircraft version and carried a twin caliber . 50 machine gun turret.
The T18E2
(Boarhound) fitted a 6-pounder or 57mm gun in the T63 combination gun mount with a ball-mounted bow gun.
The Staghound T17E1, Mark I, carried a 37mm
gun while the Mark II carried a 3-inch Howitzer. In turn, the Mark III of the series carried a 75mm gun (British) with the bow mount removed. The U. S. T17 (M5) Armored Car, Plate 116-1270, carried the same armament as the T17E1 (M6) noted above, however, it was soon replaced by the MB armored car of 1943.
Plate 116-1193 illustrates experimental armored cars of
that period with their armament grouping. The French, in their pre-World War II armored cars, generally carried 37mm guns or machine guns, Plate 116-1399. Their TVUM-7 carried both, each independently elevated, while the later Renault of 1932 utilized a coaxial mount. In their post-war development, they appear to have utilized oscillating turrets for mounting their armament.
The Panhard vehicles, illustrated in Plate 116-
1379, used a 75mm gun in a combination mount and a cupola-mounted machine gun.
143
GUN MOUNTS. EARLY ARMORED CARS A caliber . 30 Colt Model 1895 machine gun, designed by J. M. Browning, was pedestal mounted on the 1898 armored car designedandbuiltby Col. Davidson. This steam operated vehicle was the first armored car built in the U.S. The first British-built armored car was the Pennington car of 1900, which was equipped with 2 shielded Maxim machine guns. Col. Davidson built a variety of armored cars, including 2 Cadillacs armed with ball mounted Colt machine guns in 1910, and an additional2 armed Cadillacs with search lights and wireless in 1911. Davidson 1898.
sc 325925
Jeffery Quad in India.
Armored Car No. 1. (1915)
DA 15448.
These 4 x 4 dual control, four-wheel steering armored cars were first built in 1915.Although used by the New York National Guard in 1915 with two shielded Colt machine guns and by the Army in 1916 with Benet-Mercie machine guns in rotating turrets, it was not adopted by the U.S. as standard equipment. In 1917 the British purchased models of the Jeffery Quad and used them until 1924 in India with one . 303 Vickers Machine Gun in a rotating turret. The King armored car of 1917 used a single machine gun in a bevel-sided rotatable turret similar to the arrangement on the Rolls Royce armored cars shown on Plate No. 116 -1373. This vehicle was tested at Fort Sill.
King Armored Car. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1233
144
DA 15449
GUN MOUNTS, BIG WHEEL TANK (1915), SOVIET
:---_:_:::-.
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The Russian engineer Libedienko designed but did not complete this 30' wheeled 45 ton tank. Armament included two sponson mounts and a large gun in the main central turret. This Russian design was proposed in 1915, which was the same year that British proposals were made for 40' diameter wheeled tricycles. The British vehicles were to use a 12" Naval gun and three turrets, each with two 4" guns. In comparing big wheeled and tracked fighting vehicles the suspension problems such as contact area, surface bearing capacity, sinkage, etcetera, are overshadowed by the critical need for a low silhouette. This need has not been met by any of the perenially proposed big wheel fighting vehicles. In addition to the excessive silhouette, the big wheels interfere with the cones of fire available to the armament carried. No record of any big wheel project of this magnitude going past the small scale model stage has been found, and the actual vehicular performance of a big wheeled vehicle is unknown.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1169
145
SPONSON AND TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SOVIET
Fiat A Soviet Armored Car C. 1914-1918 Fiat chassis. One Maxim MG in each turret. 5. 8 tons.
Solid tires.
Austin A Soviet Armored Car C. 1915 - 1918 English Austin front steering modified to dual steering. One Maxim MG in each turret.
Garford A Soviet Armored Car C. 1920 One MG in each sponson and rear turret. Twelve tons. Convertible to a. a. use with flanged wheels. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1168
146
J
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, ITALIAN
Bianchi Armored Car. c.1914 A single machine gun was used in the 360° rotatable turret of this early World War I armored car. An additional machine gun was mounted in the rear wall of the hull.
Ansaldo 1916 This 4.2 ton car was armed with a pair of St. Etienne Model 1907 machine guns in a 360 o rotatable turret. An additional St. Etienne M.G. has been listed as being used in the rear of the hull. Fiat water cooled machine guns were later substituted. American troops used these cars in World War I, and some that had been captured were used by the Germans.
The Ansaldo 1916 armored car was also built in a 4.3 ton version having a cupola on the top of the turret. Both the turret and the cupola of this armored car were armed with a single Fiat water-cooled machine gun.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1406
147
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Standard of 1915. Equipped with a Maxim MG pedestal mounted back of the driver's cab. Built in India.
Fiat of 1915. Equipped with a Maxim MG pedestal mounted back of the driver's cab. Built in India on Fiat chassis.
Seabrook of 1915. Equipped with a 3 -pounder gun and four Maxim machine guns. Used in France in 1915.
Ford of 1919. Experimental car equipped with one Lewis machine gun.
These armored cars were built early in World War I, using chassis from civilian cars and trucks. The armament complement was as varied as the vehicle origin.
Cadillac of 1914. Equipped with four Maxim water -cooled machine guns and about a dozen riflemen. Built in India on a Cadillac chassis. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1214
148
TURRET MOUNTS, AUSTIN ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
These 4. 64 ton cars were built in 1917 and used in France during World War I and later in Ireland. Some were sent to Russia in 1918. In addition to the two types shown here, other Austin double turreted models were built, such as the Russian version shown on Plate 116-1168.
Austin Armored Car of 1917.
-~----
Ball-mounted Vickers machine guns were used in the turrets of these cars .Some of the Vickers guns were later replaced by Hotchkiss machine guns. Driver's controls were located at both ends of these cars, but only the front wheels were steerable. After breaking througha World War I trench line, heavy tanks were used totow these armored cars across the battle field into clear ground.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1371
149
TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Peerless Armored Car of 1917. Driver's controls wereatboth ends of this 6. 5 ton car, but only the front wheels were steerable. These cars were used by the British in World War I and later in Ireland unti11921.Some of these were supplied to Russia during World War I.
Each of the two rotatable turrets on the Peerless armored car was equipped with a ball-mounted Hotchkiss . 303 machine gun. These cars were used during World War I in the same manner as the similar Austin armored cars shown on Plate No. 116-1371.
Delauney-Belleville Armored Car of 1915. A single Maxim water -cooled machine gun was used in the rotatable turret of this early World War I armored car.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1372
150
GUN MOUNTS, ROLLS ROYCE ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
In 1914 one hundred Rolls Royce cars were obtained and ar medSome were armed in England and some in France. The French versions had an open rear body with low sides and a driver's enclosure. They were equipped with a single Maxim machine gun on a pedestal base at the rear of the driver. The English 3. 2 ton version, shown at the top, used a single Maxim or Vickers .303 water-cooled machine gun in a rotatable turret, and carried one . 303 Hotchkiss machine gun with ground mount. These, and other armored cars of the time, were used mainly in France early in World War I until the establishment of trench warfare. When withdrawn from France, they were sent to the Middle East and used in North Africa, Palestine, Iraq, India, and southern Russia.
Rolls Royce Armored Car of 1914. These cars were civilian Rolls Royce chassis with armor and armament added.
Rolls Royce 1911 Car No. 2641 in 1915.
Additional 1914 turreted models were sent to India in 1921. During 1914 three Rolls Royce cars and several other available cars were armed in India. The cars were all originally armored open box bodies with driver's enclosures. The first machine guns used were crank fired, hopper-fed,multi-barr elled Gatlings. By late 1914 Maxim . 450 machine guns were pedestal mounted at the rear of the driver's cab.
Rolls Royce 1911 Car No. 2641 in 1919. The record for longevity in fighting vehicles undoubtedly belongs to the Rolls Royce cars. The brochure "Armored Cars", Part Four of the Bovington Tank Museum record of the development of the British tank, includes compilations of the active service record of a 19ll Rolls Royce which was converted into an armored car in 1915 and modified again in 1919, as shown above. This particular car served in at least a dozen wars, blockades, and "disturbances" in India until 1940.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1373
151
ELEVATOR MOUNT, TRUCK INSTALLATION, GERMAN WWI
A German Model 1912 Dreyse machine gun was used with an elevator type mount on this early armored truck. The gun could be used at high elevation with the elevator depressed, or at ground targets with the elevator raised. The shield attached to the gun cradle and the high walls of the box body truck provided protection to the gunner against rifle fire. Gun motion limiting provisions were not provided for preventing inadvertent firing within the truck body.
Additional details of this mount are given on Plate No. 116-1393.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1394
152
TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Straussler AC II Armored Car 1935.
Some of these were built ~......__.. in England and some in Hungary. This design was not adopted by the British.
The Straussler AC I, II, and III armored cars used one or two Vickers machine guns in a 360 o rotating turret. The IIID armored car used faceted armor and included a machine gun in the forward hull in addition to the turret mount. These streamlined vehicles, the duplex drive designs used in the Valentine DD amphibious tanks, and the Straussler light tank were designed by the Hungarian vehicle designer Straussler.
Crossley Armored Car of 1923. A series of these 4 x 2 armored cars was built in 1923, 1924, and 1925, and used in India until 1939. The dome turret capable of 360° rotation, was equipped with four ball mounts. Normally, two of these ball mounts carried Vickers Mark I machine guns and two were closed off by armored flaps. A supply of 5, 000 rounds of ammunition was carried. Some installations used worm driven elevation and traverse mechanisms for aiming the individual guns, and some installations used a shoulder control. The hull on this vehicle could be electrically charged from a dashboard control to repell boarders.
IOVILLE Plate No. 116-1369
153
TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Guy 6 x 4 armored car. Ten Tons. Used from 1928 to 1934 in India.
The 360° rotating turrets on the two vehicles shown each used two Vickers machine guns. Four ball mounts were provided in each turret, and armored flaps were used to close off the ball mounts not in use.
Crossley 6 x 4 Armored Car of 1929. These vehicles were tested between 1930 and 1935 and some were used in Iraq.
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Lanchester Armored Car of 1929. This 6 x 4 armored car was delivered in 1931. It was built from designs started in 1929 and was the first armored car to use a geared turret traverse mechanism.
The 360° rotating turret was equipped with a combination mount using a . 50 Vickers Mk I machine gun with a. 303 Vickers Mk IV machine gun coaxially mounted. A gimbal-mounted . 303 Vickers Mk IV machine gun was used in the forward hull wall. Some of these cars were made without the hull gun mount, and of these, some were equipped with radio. These cars were used in the Saar during 1934 and in the Far East during World War II.
Crossley 1930 6 x 4 car with gimbalmounted Vickers. 303 MG in rotatable turret and hull. Other models were tested between 1930 and 193 5 and ' some were used in Iraq.
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Lanchester 1914 4 x 2 car with one Maxim W. C. MG in rotatable turret.
TURRET MOUNTS, ROLLS ROYCE ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
Rolls Royce Armored Cars of 1920. A ball-mounted . 303 Vickers machine gun was used in the 360 o rotatable turret of the car at the left, and a shielded gimbal mount was used in the turret of the car at the right. Other variations such as a fork-mounting were also tried during this period. Turret rollers were increased from 3 to 12, and a jack was added to relieve the bearing loads when the turret was in a locked travel position. Rolls Royce armored cars built prior to 1920 were equipped with wire wheels, and after that with disc wheels. In 1921 India acquired Rolls Royce armored cars using a dome-shaped turret. These turrets were equipped with four ball mounts and normally used two Vickers Mark I machine guns. similar to the arrangement shown on Plate No. 116-1370. Rolls Royce armored car of 1924. An open top rotating turret equipped with a Boys anti-tank rifle, a Bren gun, and a 4 inch smoke generator was used on this car. Early in World War II, 1924 models were used in Egypt, and 1920 models were used in India and Egypt.
Rolls Royce home guard armored car. A single Vickers machine gun was used in the rotatable turret of this World War II car built after Dunkirk.
Rolls Royce armored cars were used in the early Thirties with experimental Scarff ring mounts using . 303 Vickers machine guns on the turret roof. In 1940 old Rolls Royce armored cars were modified to include a Boys anti-tank gun and a Vickers MG in the turret, and single or twin Lewis guns in Scarff mounts on the turret roof. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1374
156
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, FRENCH
A Hotchkiss 8mm Model of 1914 machine gun was used on a shielded pedestal mount in this Peugot armored car of 1915.
This 6. 6 ton White armored car of 1917 was equipped with one 37mm gun and one Hotchkiss machine gun opposite in a 360° rotating turret. Some of these dual controlled cars were equipped with the guns coaxially mounted.
A single Hotchkiss machine gun in a 360 o rotation turret was used on this Renault armored car of 1929.
.....__________________________________ NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1398
157
GUN MOUNT, "SUMIDA" M2593 ARMORED CAR, JAPANESE
This armored car with a round cupola on a box shaped body used one machine gun ball-mounted in the turret. Seven slits were provided in the hull for rifles or machine guns. This vehicle was designed for use on hard roads or railroad tracks. For road use the car was raised by 4 built in jacks, and the solid rubber tires carried on body of car were placed over the flanged steel wheels. 7. 7 Tons Two previous "SUMIDA" vehicles were designed , the "SUMIDA" M2590,and the "SUMIDA" M2591 which used an AA gun in a rear turret bevel.
oco "SUMIDA", Model 2593 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1450
158
BALL MOUNTS, VICKERS-CROSSLEY TY~E ARMORED CARS, JAPANESE
Armored Car (Vickers-Crossley, M-25)
5.3 Tons
These armored cars, purchased from the British about 1927, were almost identical to the British Crossley Armored Car of 1923, Plate 116-1369. The dome turret, capable of 3 60 o rotation, was equipped with four machine gun ball mounts, two parallel on the front of the turret and two parallel at the rear. Each of these weapon openings were covered with a small flap, which was closed when the gun was removed. Only two Vickers type machine guns were used and when mounted had a limited traverse independent of that of the turret. Dowa Armored Car A modified Japanese Crossley Car was produced in 1939 by changing to a stationary turret and mounting heavy air-cooled machine guns in place of the Vickers guns. This car had detachable running boards for fording ditches.
leks NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1451
Dowa Armored Car 159
GUN MOUNTS, "OSAKA" M2592 ARMORED CAR, JAPANESE
oco
The high cylindrical turret of this Japanese armored car mounted a water-cooled machine gun which protruded through a wide slot almost the entire length of the turret front. In the left side of the front hull plate was a small vision slot and on the right front hull plate was mounted a second machine gun. The chassis of this armored car was of the standard commercial type with a suspension of four wheels, the front wheels single and the rear wheels dual. This vehicle which had a body of angular riveted construction had a forward speed of 37 miles per hour and a range of approximately 150 miles. It carried a crew of 5 and weighed 6. 4 tons.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1449
160
GUN MOUNTS, "KOKUSAN" M2592 ARMORED CAR, JAPANESE
This armored car used five machine guns. 4 of these machine guns were ballmounted, in the right hull frontal plate, on each side of the vehicle, and in the turret front. An anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on an offset revolving pedestal mount bracketed to the left side of the turret top. This 6-wheel vehicle with semi-elliptic spring suspension had two auxiliary wheels for prevention of bellying when crossing rough terrain. It weighed 6.8 tons and carried a crew of 4. This armored car produced in 1932 was used by the Japanese Navy.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1448
161
CAL . . 30 GUN MOUNTS ON EARLY ARMORED & SEMI-ARMORED CARS
DA 15450 (1947)
TI Armored Car (1928) This Pontiac used a cal. . 30 bracket dashboard m:mnt and a cal. . 30 pedestal mount. Ref: OCM 6821, OCM 7015 Classification - E267
DA 15454 (1947) T8 Armored Car ( 1930) Used a cal. 30 turret mount similar to the one shown on Plate 116 - 1701. Weight: 2 Tons. (Chevrolet Chassis) Ref: Holabird Quartermaster Dept. TI Squad Car (C. 1935) This Ford touring car, with armored windshield and radiator had a cal. 30 bracket mount on right side of windshield. Ref: OCM 12257
RIA 764-40557 (1935) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1760
162
AA TURRET MOUNT ON T2 MEDIUM ARMORED CAR Caliber .30 View showing installation of mount on the Medium Armored Car, T2.
sc 95315
(1930).
This Caliber .30 anti-aircraft mount consisted of a concentric ring mounted to the top of the superstructure of the T2 Medium Armored Car on which was bolted seven flat plates to form an octagonal-shaped turret. On this ring was bolted the pintle socket for the pintle yoke of the gun cradle. The gun cradle moved in elevation and depression on the trunnions in the pintle yoke, and in traverse by rotation of the pintle yoke in the pintle socket. The 360° traverse of the turret was obtained by manual operation. T2 MEDIUM ARMORED CAR REFERENCES: OCM 6821 OCM 7016
Medium Armored Car (LaSalle) T2 as Modified by Ordnance Officer, 1st Cavalry Division. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1700
163
SC-95312 (1930).
TURRET MOUNT ON CAVALRY SCHOOL TYPE SCOUT CAR
The Caliber .30 machine gun cradle of this mount moved in elevation on bearings on the two tubular extensions from the turret wall, and could be locked in place by the locking device on the underside of the cradle. Mil elevation adjustment of the gun in the mount was achieved by the mechanism connecting the traverse bar of the cradle to the aft mounting holes of the machine gun. Traverse movement of the gun was obtained by movement of the gun pintle in the pintle socket of the cradle, and could be locked in position by the traversing locking device on the traverse bar of the cradle extension. In addition to the readings on the traverse bar of the cradle, traverse readings were given on the pintle socket, and elevation readings of the mount on the cradle at the right bearing. This mount was used on the turret of the Cavalry School Type Scout Car. This turret was a narrow circular plate which could be rotated manually in 360° traverse.
Cavalry School Type Scout Car. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1701
164
RIA 724-39570 (1933).
T5 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT,
Caliber .30 & Caliber .50
T4 6 Wheel Armored Car with T5 Combination Mount
RIA 680-38961 (1932)
The T5 Combination Gun Mount consisted of an Ml921 caliber . 50 Browning Aircraft Machine Gun with a coaxially mounted Ml919 caliber .30 Browning Tank Machine Gun. Elevationof these guns and their telescopic sight was severely limited by the 3 small holes in the turret wall, although the rotating turret provided 3 60 o travers e. An external shield clamped to the caliber . 50 gun barrel provided frontal protection to the turret openings. The shield was prevented from rotating about the cal. . 50 gun by the protruding barrel of the caliber . 30 gun. The turret on the T4 Armored Car was also equipped with a bracket mount for another M1919 caliber .30 machine gun to be used for anti-aircraft fire. A later turret arrangement on this same car is shown on Plate 116-1500. The assistant driver's armored windshield had a pivoted shield covering a hole that could be used for small arms fire. T5 Combination Mount References: Drawings D6351 and 26095. OCM 11236. RIA-AC-3 (Q-29) 1932 later developed into the T6 Mount shown on Plate 116-1501. T4 Armored Car References: OCM 8436, for cavalry: OCM 8841, Nomenclature changed to Ml Armored Car (W60ll4-W60125) (451.24/690) class D8641, 31-175.
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NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1267
165
-
-
.. !
M5 (T3), M6 (T2) BRACKET MOUNTS AND M4 (T32) PEDESTAL MOUNT, INSTALLATION ON Ml (T7) SCOUT CAB
REFERENCES: T7 Scout Car: OCM 11031 M4 Pedestal Mt: Plate 116-112~ M5 Bracket Mt: Plate 116-147~ M6 Bracket Mt: Plate 116-1471
RIA 734-3989G (1934) View showing M5 (T3) Mount on Rear Door, M4 (T32) on Running Board.
View Showing M5(T3) Mount on Rear Door, M6(T2) on Back of Door RIA 734-39891(1934) Two M2 Cal. .30 and one M3 Cal. . 50 tripod mounts were carried on the sides and rear. These could be used with the guns from the mounts listed above, by means of the gun attached sub-pintles. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-14!16
166
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, CZECH
The P.A.1 of 1921 was armed with a pair of coaxially mounted machine guns in a 3 60 o rotatable turret.
The P.A.2 of 1923 was armed with four ball mounted machine guns, one in each corner of the upper portion of its streamlined hull.
The P. A. 4 of 1927 was armed with three ball mounted Maxim machine guns in a 360°rotatable turret and one 37mm Skoda gun in the forward hull. An early version had 2 Maxim M.G. in the hull and 1 in the turret. All of the above cars were dual drive 4 x 4 vehicles built by Skoda. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1403
167
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SOVIET
Components of the shielded hull-mounted machine gun on the Soviet BA 32 Armored Car shown to the left presented an outward appearance comparable to the shielded U S. ball mounts such as the T2 shown on Plate No. 116-1004 et al. As the aperture on the Soviet mount is larger than needed for a telescopic sight, aiming was probably by direct vision.
BA-32. Soviet Armored Car. (C. 1930) Ford Chassis
BA 7 Soviet Scout Car (1930) 3 .. 5 tons. Ford chassis. One MG in ball mount on 3 60 o turret. One sub-M G stowed. Some models with antenna rails around top of hull. Some models without turret.
WVILLE Plate No. 116-1166
168
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SOVIET BA 27 (1927) 4. 5 tons. One MG in ball mount. One MG and 37mm gun in combination mount, 3 60 o turret. Ford chassis.
BA 32 (1932) 7. 7 tons. One MG in ball mount. One MG and 47mm gun in combination mount, 3 60 o turret. Ford chassis.
The BA 32 was used by the Loyalists in Spain. Several were sold to Turkey.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1167
169
BA- 64
ARMORED CAR
This 7.62mm tank machine gun mount was the only weapon mount on BA-64 Armored Car.
-SOVIET
APG A63282 (1950) REFERENCE: Dept. of the Army Pamphlet No. 30-50-1
Weight: 2.6 tons Engine : 4 cylinder gasoline Max. speed: 50 mph
APG A63283 (1950) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1639
170
The BA-64 is at present the most widely used Soviet armored car.
BALL MOUNTS, ADGZ ARMORED CAR, AUSTRIAN
leks The Austrian armored car ADGZ of 1934 was an 8 x 8 vehicle with two drivers. It could be driven either direction at equal speeds, with the forward and the rear
pair of wheels steerable. These cars were used in Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and, after their capture.in Germany. Armament recorded consisted of 3 heavy Solothurn and 2 light Schwartzlose machine guns. Visible on the particular model shown above are three ball mounts. The hull mount is a 7. 92mm Solothurn model 1930 machine gun. Protrudin~ just below center in the left hand ball mount of the turret is a Schwarzlose 8mm model 1905 - 12 machine gun. The right hand ball mount uses what appears to be a 20mm gun. Both mounts in the 360° rotating turret have hollow ball segment external shields attached to the internal suspension members, whereas the hull mount uses a ball suspension without an external shield.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1377
171
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, ITALIAN The Fiat 501 armored car of 1929 was armed with one machine gun in a 360° rotatable turret and one machine gun in the forward hull.
0
0
0
0 The Fiat 604 armored personnel carrier of 1929 was also armed with a turret gun and a hull gun.
The Ansaldo 9.1 ton armored vehicle of 1930
This experimental vehicle used either a 47mm short or 37mm long gun as the primary armament in the turret front and a single 8mm French Hotchkiss Model 1914 machine gun at the rear of the turret. The rear machine gun was either mounted as shown or in a ball mount suspended in the rear wall of the turret.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1407
172
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, ITALIAN
APG A59117 FMCV-56
SV A Autoblinda of 1940. 6. 7 Tons This 4 x 4 dual drive armored car was armed with a combination mount consisting of a 20mm Breda automatic cannon with an Bmm machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret and a ball mounted machine gun in the forward hull. The British and Free Poles used these cars after their capture with a Vickers machine gun and a Boys anti-tank rifle opposite in the turret.
Fiat 611 Armored Car of 1934. 7.5 Tons This 6 x 4 car was armed with two individually mounted machine guns at the forward end of a 360 o rotating turret.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1408
173
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SWEDISH
The L-181 of 1933 was armed with a combination gun mount consisting of a Madsen 20mm automatic cannon and a Madsen water cooled machine-gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret, with an additional Madsen W. C. machine gun in the right forward hull. This 6 x 6 armored car weighed 6 tons.
The L-185 of 1935 was armed with a combination gun mount consisting of a Madsen 20mm automatic cannon and a Madsen air cooled machine gun coaxially mounted ina 360°rotating turret, with a Madsen tank machine gun in the righthand forward hull. 300 rounds of 20mm and 3000 rounds of machine gun ammunition were stowed in this 4. 62 ton dual control armored car . This model was used by Sweden, Switzer land, Lithuania and Denmark. This combination gun mount is de tailed on Plate 116-1405. 0
In addition to the pedestal-mounted 37mm gun this armored truck of 1931 was equipped with a ball-mounted machine gun in the armored windshield at the assistant drivers position. 2 pistols were carried in this cab. This truck was also used with a machine gun mounted in place of the 37mm gun. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1404
174
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, 8 X 8 ARMORED CARS, GERMAN
Sd.Kfz.231 s.Pz.Sp.Wg.(8 Rad.)
FMCV-143
APG. A55843 (1949)
These 8 ton, 8 x 8, dual drive, 4 axle steering, 4 man armored cars were produced from 1940 to 1944. They were armed with a combination mount consisting of a 2cm.Kw.K. 30or38witha MG 34coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret. The guns were capable of 10°depressionand 26° elevation. The telescope T.Z.F.6 was used for aiming. 180 rounds of 2cm and 2100 rounds of 7.92mm ammunition were carried. Four smoke generators were carried on each front fender. One 9mm M.P. 38 or 40, one 27mm signal pistol and six hand grenades were carried internally. The Sd.Kfz.232 s.Pz.Sp.Wg.(FV)(8 Rad.) was theradioversionsimilarlyarmed.
Sd.Kfz.234/2 s.Pz.Sp. Wg.(5cm) Produced in 1944 and 1945. 8 x 8 Dual Drive, 4 Axle Steering, 4-Man Crew
APG. A36362(1946) FMCV 98 This 11.5 ton armored car used a combination mount consisting of a 5cm. Kw.K. 39/1(L/60) with a MG 42 coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating enclosed turret. The Sd.Kfz.234/1 had an open turret and used the 2cm.Kw.K. 38 with a MG 42 coaxially mounted.
N'OVILLE Plate No. 116-1430
175
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH The 4 x 4 Guy Mark I of 1939 was also called the wheeled tank. This 6. 44 ton armored car was equipped with a combination mount consisting of . 5 and . 303 Vickers machine guns coaxially mounted in 360° rotating turrets. The guns were shoulder controlled in manually operated turrets, and telescopically aimed.
Guy Mark I The Guy Mark lA was a similar vehicle that was equipped with l5mm and 7. 92mm Besa machine guns coaxially mounted in a combination mount. The Humber Mark I of 1940 was a 6. 91 ton car similar to and armed the same as the Guy Mark lA. A . 303 Bren light machine gun was carried in most armored cars of the period.
Humber Mark lll
Humber Mark IV
The Humber armored cars Mark II and Mark III of 1941 were improved models of the Mark I. The Mark II turret had a sloping rear, and the Mark Ill had a lengthened turret. Both retained the 15mm and 7. 92mm Besa machine guns coaxially mounted in combination mounts. The Humber Mark IV of 1942 was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a 7. 92mm Besamachineguncoaxiallymountedina 360° turret. The turret was hand-traversed with a single speed manually operated gear. The vehicles on this plate were used in North Africa and in Italy during World War II. A Canadian-built version of the Humber Mark III, called the Fox, was armed with a combination mount consisting of caliber. 50 and caliber. 30 Browning machine guns coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1189
176
AA QUAD TURRET MOUNT, HUMBER AA MK I, BRITISH
DA 4404 Early in World War II, British Humber Mark I armored cars were converted into anti-aircraft use by removing the existing turret and installing an open-topped, four gun turret mounting four 7. 92mm Besa machine guns. These were traversed and elevated manually, and were all linked to fire together. A support tube linked to the elevating linkage extended across the top of the turret and carried a ring sight. This turret was also used on the British Light Tanks AA Mark I and II, as shown on Plate No. 116-1346.
IOVILLE Plate No. 116-1364
177
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH The Daimler Mark II of 1941 shown used a 2-pounder QFSA gun with a 7. 92mm BesaMGina combination mount and carried a. 3 03 Bren light machine gun. This 7. 61 ton car was an improved version of the 1940 Mark I used in North Africa and the Near East. Early models of these 4 x 4 cars used 4-wheel steering, later models used dual controls. The Mark I CS was an experimental model using a 3" Howitzer. During WW II experiments were carried out in the Near East with a Daimler armored car using a high angle anti-aircraft MG mounting, with a sight linkage outside the turret. The A.E.C. Mark! armored car of 1942 was a 12.32 ton4 x 4rearenginevehicle using chassis components of the Matador gun tractor and turret components of the Valentine tanks. It was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder QFSA gun with a 7.92 Besa machine gun coaxially mountedina360':l rotating turret. A . 303 Bren light machine gun was also carried.
A. E. C. Mark III of 1942.
The 14. 22 ton 4 x 4 car shown was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 75mm gun with a 7. 92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret.
The Saracen of 1953, a 6 x 6 ten tonarmoredpersonnel carrier was equipped with a single . 30 machine gun in a rotating turret and a Bren gun at the rear.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1277
178
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SOUTH AFRICAN
These Marmon-Herrington armored cars were built in South Africa using components and armament from both the U. S. and England, and armor manufacturedin South Africa. With the exception of the Mark VI. they were used in Africa from 1939 on through World War II.
Mark VI (1942)
Turret detail of MTLS-1G14 with ball mount and bracket mounts using cal.. 30 Browning machine guns.
Mark IV (1940) Late Model
Marmon-Herrington armored cars were armed as follows: Mark I,
4 x 4, Ford Engine: Used one Vickers machine gun in the turret and one Vickers in the rear left hand side of the hull. Mark II, 4 x 4 similar to Mark I: Used a variety of weapons including some with Italian 47mm Breda or German 37mm anti-tank guns. Mark Ill, 4 x 4 with short wheelbase: Equipped with octagonal turret using a Boys anti-tank rifle and an AA mount having a Vickers or Bren Gun. Some models of the Mark III used a 2-pounder gun. Mark IV, 4 x 4, 7. 28 tons, using hull as chassis: Usedacal. .. 30 Browning Machine Gun on top of an open turret and a telescopicly-aimed 2-pounder antitank gun. Late models included a coaxially mounted caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun. Mark V, Improved Mark III, with same armament. Mark VI, 8 wheeled car: Used a combination mount, consisting of a 2-pounder gun with a coaxially mounted caliber . 30 Browning machine gun and a twin caliber . 30 BMG anti-aircraft mount in an open topped turret. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1368
179
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, BRITISH The Daimler Mark II of 1941 shown used a 2-pounder QFSA gun with a 7. 92mm BesaMGina combination mount and carried a. 303 Bren light machine gun. This 7. 61 ton car was an improved version of the 1940 Mark I used in North Africa and the Near East. Early models of these 4 x 4 cars used 4-wheel steering, later models used dual controls. The Mark I CS was an experimental model using a 3" Howitzer. During WW II experiments were carried out in the Near East with a Daimler armored car using a high angle anti-aircraft MG mounting, with a sight linkage outside the turret. The A.E.C. Mark I armored car of 1942 was a 12.32 ton4 x 4rear engine vehicle using chassis components of the Matador gun tractor and turret components of the Valentine tanks. It was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder QFSA gun with a 7.92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360" rotating turret. A . 303 Bren light machine gun was also carried.
A. E. C. Mark III of 1942.
The 14. 22 ton 4 x 4 car shown was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 75mm gun with a 7. 92 Besa machine gun coaxially mounted ina 360 o rotating turret.
The Saracen of 1953, a 6 x 6 ten tonarmoredpersonnel carrier was equipped with a single . 30 machine gun in a rotating turret and a Bren gun at the rear.
NOVILLE Plate! No. 116-1277
178
-
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, SOUTH AFRICAN
These Marmon-Herrington armored cars were built in South Africa using components and armament from both the U. S. and England, and armor manufactured in South Africa. With the exception of the Mark VI. they were used in Africa from 1939 on through World War II.
Mark VI (1942)
Turret detail of MTLS-1G14 with ball mount and bracket mounts using cal. . 3 0 Browning machine guns.
Mark IV (1940) Late Model
Marmon-Herrington armored cars were armed as follows: Mark I,
4 x 4, Ford Engine: Used one Vickers machine gun in the turret and one Vickers in the rear left hand side of the hull. Mark II, 4 x 4 similar to Mark I: Used a variety of weapons including some with Italian 47mm Breda or German 37mm anti-tank guns. Mark Ill, 4 x 4 with short wheelbase: Equipped with octagonal turret using a Boys anti-tank rifle and an AA mount having a Vickers or Bren Gun. Some models of the Mark III used a 2-pounder gun. Mark IV, 4 x 4, 7. 28 tons, using hull as chassis: Used a cal. .. 30 Browning Machine Gun on top of an open turret and a telescopicly-aimed 2-pounder antitank gun. Late models included a coaxially mounted caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun. Mark V, Improved Mark III, with same armament. Mark VI, 8 wheeled car: Used a combination mount, consisting of a 2-pounder gun with a coaxially mounted caliber . 30 Browning machine gun and a twin caliber . 30 BMG anti-aircraft mount in an open topped turret. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1368
179
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, COVENTRY ARMORED CARS, BRITISH
~ ·l' .. ·,
-~,
I
.
.. :·
.~"" "· ~G I 11\ · . ~ • l\ . ••.
The Coventry Mark I armored cars shown above used a combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder QFSA gunwitha7.92mm Besa machineguncoaxiallymounted in a 3 60 o rotating turret.
The Coventry Mark ll armored car at the left used a combination mount consisting of a 75mm gun with a 7.92mmBesa MG coaxially mounted. The Markllwas a 3-man vehicle, one less than the Mark I.
The Coventry 4 x 4 armored cars were produced in 1944. These 12. 88 ton vehicles had dual controls and in addition to the combination mounts noted above, each carried a 2" bomb thrower and a . 303 Bren light machine gun. World War II. ended before any of these cars were placed in active service.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1375
180
GUN MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, U.S. BUILT FOR BRITISH
T17E2 Armored Car, Staghound AA. DA 941 {1944). The D8394 twin cal. . 50 turret used on the car above is detailed on Plate No. 116-1276.Early models of this car used a ball-mounted cal. . 30 B. M.G. as noted on Plate No. 116-1316. The chassis of the T17E2 was essentially the same as the T17E1 chassis. T17E2 CAR REFERENCES: OCM 22203, 22818. TM 9-741 {1943), TM 9-2800 {1943~ T18E2 Boarhound of 1942. 26. 88 tons. 8 x 8 armored car. Front four wheels steerable. U.S. built to British specifications. This desert vehicle was not used in active service, as desert activities had ceased when it was built. T18E2 REFERENCES: OCM 19623, 19246, 20680, 23668.
The T18E2 used a 6-pounder or 57mm gun with a cal. . 30 machine gun in the combination mount T63 which is detailed on Plate 116-1129. The stabilized turret was hydraulically traversed. A cal. . 30 M1919A4 flexible Browning machine gun was used in the bow in the ball mount D72206, which had 20 o elevation, 10 o depression, 25 o right traverse, and 20 o left traverse. Seventy rounds of 6-pounder and 5, 000 rounds of cal. . 30 ammunition, along with 2 inch smoke bombs for the bomb thrower, one M2 cal. . 30 tripod mount, and hand grenades were carried in this car. The T18 armored car was an 8-wheeled 16-ton vehicle with conventional axles.Its name was later changed to the M7. T18 REFERENCES: OCM 17549, 19246. 0. 0. 400. 3295/9856. The T18E1 armored car was a 6 x 6 with individually sprung wheels. T18E1 REFERENCE: OCM 17549. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1268
181
M24 AND M24Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
T17 Armored Car, Later Designated M5. DA 8397 (1942) The T17 eleven-ton 6 x 6 armored car of 1942 was equipped with either an M24 or M24A1 combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a coaxially mounted cal. . 30 MG, as detailed on Plate 116-1269. A cal. . 30 B. M.G. in ball mount D67194 was used in the bow, as noted on plate 116-1012. A cal. . 30 M1919A4 flexible B. M.G. is listed for installation as an AA weapon, and a short pedestal base for this mount was made, but no record of its actual installation has been found. One M2 cal. . 30 tripod mount was carried within the car. T17E1 Staghound Mark I of 1943. 13. 5 tons. 4 x 4 armored car. U.S. built to British Specification. Used in North Africa and Italy. T17E1 REFERENCES: TM 9-741. TM 9-2800 (1943). OCM 19780, 20680 Name changed to M 6 armored car. The T17E1 Mark I used a 37mm gun with a cal. . 30 Browning machine gun in the periscopically aimed combination mount M24 or M24Al, which is shown on Plate 116-1269. The hydraulically traversed, stabilized turret also carried a 2 inch bomb thrower. On early cars a cal. . 30 M1919A4 flexible B. M.G. was used in the bow in the ball mount. · The T17E1 Staghound Mark II was a conversion that removed the ball mount, substituted a 3 inch Howitzer for the 37mm gun, and substituted 4 inch smoke generators for the 2 inch bomb thrower. The T17E1 Staghound Mark III medium armored car carried a British turret using a 75mm gun with a 7. 92 Besa MG coaxially mounted in a combination mount. The ball mount was removed, the hole plugged, and the turret stabilizer was also removed. 182 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1270
M23 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS 37-mm & Caliber .30 Plate 116-1103 and Plate 116-1165 give other information on this mount.
This 6 x 6 Armored Car used a ball -mounted rna chine gun in the right front hull. CAR REF: OCM 18962 OCM 22754 T19E1 Armored Car
APG A55805
The T21 Armored Car, 6 x 6, was previously lmown as the T43 37mm Gun Motor Carriage. CAR REF: OCM 19543 OCM 17952 T21 Armored Car
DA 8404
A Cal. .30 A.A. pedestal mount was also used on this vehicle later standardized as the M3 8 Armored Car. CAR REF: OCM 19543 OCM 17952 T28 Armored Car NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1193
DA 8414 183
GUN MOUNTS USED ON M8 SERIES LIGHT ARMORED CARS This series of armored vehicles consisted of the T8, T22, Ml (T22E2) and M8E1, Light Armored Cars. The M8 was supplied to Britisl in 1943 and designated the "Greyhound". T h e y u s e d it in Eas Africa and Europe. The T8, T22, M8 cars used th• cal. . 30 and 37 mm combinatim mount M23A1, (Plate 116-1188: and usually one of the followin~ folding pint 1 e cal. . 50 bracke mount, D67511, (Plate 116-1556) or 7058824, (Plate 116-1557) The Experimental Folding Ele · vator Mount, (Plate 116-1546) was also tried on the M8 car. The M8E1 used th, M23A1 C ombinatio: Mount and the M29< Ring Mount cal. . 50 (Plate 116-1566). Related Vehicles: The M20 Light Armore, Car used basic chassi, of M8 c a r. The T 6! M u lt i p 1 e Gun M o t o Carriage used basi chassis of M8 car. DA 3189 Experimental cradle and p in t 1 e in bracket on M8 Light Armored Car. REFERENCES: T22 Light Armored Car (formerly 37 mm Gun Mota: Carriage) - OCM' s 17359, 17515) Armament OCI\ 17952.
sc
343811 (1950)
Experimental bracket used with cradle and pintle components of 7058824 Mount on M8 Light Armored Car.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1303
M8 Light Armored Car (formerly T22E2) OCM' s 18511 25765, 21054, 2-680 (Armament) TM' s 9-743 (43) 9-2800 (47-53). PhotographofM8 Car is also shown on Plate 116-1188
184
TURRET MOUNTS, ARMORED CARS, FRENCH
A single 37mm gun or a machine gun, telescopically aimed, was used in the 360 o rotating turret of this 1930 Model 4-ton Berliet armored car TVUDB.
The Berliet TVUM 7 -ton tank of 1930 was armed with a 37mm gun and a machine gun, each independently elevated, in a 360° rotating turret.
A combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with one machine gun coaxially mounted in a 3 60 o rotating turret was used on the Renault armored car of 1932. The mount was telescopically aimed and equipped with a light for night fighting. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1399
185
GUN MOUNTS, PANHARD ARMORED CAR, FRENCH
DA 25093 (1951) These 13.23 ton dual driver armored cars were equipped with a combination mount using a 75mm gun with a machine gun coaxially mounted in an oscillating turret. The turrets on these cars and on the light tank shown on Plate 116-1378 were similar in principle. The upper turret sectionrockedfor elevation and the lower turret section rotated for traverse. A machine gun was used in the cupola at the rear top of the turret.
APG
NOVILLE Plat<' No. 116-1379
186
DIVISION A
SECTION 6
WEAPON MOUNT GROUPINGS ON HALF-TRACKED VEHICLES Half-track vehicles were originated from the 1914 designs developed by M. Kegresse in Russia.
There, Austin armored cars purchased from the British
were modified into half-track vehicles, Plate 116-1160.
These utilized tandem
turrets as well as staggered turrets, each mounting one machine gun. The term half-track is used in this discussion to denote a combination wheeled and tracklaying vehicle in which the vehicle rear is carried on a complete band track and the front end on wheels. Reference is also made to three-quarter track vehicles of the same type.
These are also combination vehicles; however, the
band track is longer and extends into the vehicle mid-section. As such, it practically supports the entire vehicle with only a small amount of weight on the forward steering wheels. The French during the interval between World War I and World War II developed a number of armored cars, also of the Kegresse half-track type, Plate 116-1392.
These early vehicles utilized single turrets with a 37mm gun and a
Hotchkiss machine gun in opposite sides of the turret, typical of Soviet and Japanese armament grouping.
Recognizing the tactical needs of an armored car,
these vehicles were capable of being equally driven in a forward or backward direction. Earlier, the British developed the Buford-Kegresse half-track mounting dual machine guns in a scarff-type mount.
The French half-track, Auto-
Chenille M29, Plate 116-1391, initially utilized a 37mm combination gun mount, however, a 20mm gun was substituted later.
187
The Germans starting in 1926 developed a variety of armed half -track and three-quarter tracked vehicles of various sizes.
Plate 116-1459 in the section
on Scarff mounts shows an early design mounting an open rotatable turret with an anti-tank gun and a ball-mounted machine gun. A modified Scarff mount carrying an MG34 was fitted to the top of the turret.
Their half-track "Zwitter
Sturmgeshutz" mounted either anti-tank guns or anti-aircraft guns. Other halftrack vehicles carried rocket launchers with pedestal-mounted machine guns, such as shown on Plate 116-1441. The United States developed an imposing series of half-track vehicles. DuringWorld Warn, they were used for a tremendous varietyofvehicular missions. The armament for these vehicles varied with the particular task.
Generally,
the personnel carriers fitted caliber .50 and caliber .30 machine guns on skate and rail mounts similar to that of the T16, shown on Plate 116-1055, although some carriers mounted their machine gun on a plain pedestal mount such as that shown in Plate 116-1182. Half tracks were also used as gun motor carriages.
Plate 116-1672 illus-
trates typical vehicle mountings for the M33 twin machine gun mount.
Other
vehicles mounted 37mm guns coupled with twin machine guns, 40mm with twin machine guns, as well as 75mm guns and howitzers.
188
TURRET MOUNTS, HALF-TRACK CARS, SOVIET
Modified Austin Armored Car (1915).
6. 4 Tons.
Parallel turrets.
Modified Austin Armored Car (1915).
6. 4 Tons. Staggered turrets.
REFERENCE: Photo SC 91926
The two Russian half tracks on modified English Austins shown above were developed by M. Kegresse in Russia. He later developed, in France, the first French half track from a French Peugot Armored Car (1919). Each version used one machine gun in each of two turrets. The parallel turret version included a shielded gimbal machine gun suspension. The staggered turret version used an armored trough for gun barrel protection. In comparison with the shielded gimbal, the shielded barrel mount gave greater side protection for the extended gun barrel, but less protection, in the direct line of sight, to the gunner.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1160
189
TURRET MOUNTS, HALF TRACKS, FRENCH
1922 Model with machine gun or 37mm gun in 360° rotatable turret.
1926 Model with machine gun and 37mm gun opposite in 360 o rotatable turret.
1927 Model with machine gun or 37mm gun in 360 o rotatable turret. This Citroen vehicle was furnished to Poland.
1928 Model with machine gun and 37mm or 20mm opposite in 360 o turret. These early armored vehicles and many others used suspensions designed by Kegresse, who escaped to France after the Russian Revolution. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1392 190
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, M29 HALF TRACK, FRENCH
A combination mount consisting of a 37mm gun with a coaxially mounted machine gun was usedin the 360°rotating turrets on the M29 half-tracked vehicles of 1929. Later models used a 20mm automatic cannon instead of the 37mm gun. Several manufacturers produced quantities of these half-tracks, The Signal Corps photo reproducedfromcaptured German dataofWorld War II shows the 6.8 tonSchneider 401 armored reconnaissance car. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1391
191
M35 AND M29 SKATE MOUNTS, INSTALLATION ON RAIL OF T16 HALF-TRACK CAR
T16 Half Track Photo References: APG 55130 to 55145.
APG 55131 (1942) T16 Half Track car, 13 tons, with hood partially opened. The single M35 Skate Mount installed in front with a cal. . 50 MG is detailed on Plate No. 116-1035. The M29 Skate Mounts, caliber . 30, shown on side and rear, are detailed on Plate No. 116-1079.
DA 7521
T16 Half Track Car (Auto Car) with front hood closed. APG 5518/12 (1942) considered this armored top unsatisfactory as it interfered with gun operation, gave insufficient protection, and added weight. NOVILLE PlatE' No. 116-1055
192
M25 PEDESTAL MOUNT, INSTALLATION Caliber . 30 ON M3 HALF TRACK
RAPD 313986
RAPD 122955 The M25 pedestal mount, detailed on Plate 116-1181, is shown used with the D54075 cradle, pintle, and box assembly, which is detailed on Plate No. 116-1089. M3 HALF-TRACK REFERENCES: TM 9-710 (1944) (1953) M3E2 Half-Track Reference: Photo DA 7863 (1942)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1162
RAPD 314014
193
M33 'IWIN CAL. . 50 MAC fiNE GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
On Plate 116-1608 are details and references of the M33 Mount.
LEFT: M14 MULTIPLE GUN MOTOR CARRIAGE Composed of M33 Mount and M5 half-track Personnel Carrier and according to APG Report 5871/3 a satisfactory installation of the M33 Mount. REFERENCES: Dwg. 31-271; OCM's 18964, 19626, 19264, 19430, 20680, 21102, 29030, 29270; TM 91707B; TM 9-170; DA 3166, DA 8059, DA 8061, DA 8062. BELOW: T1E2 MULTIPLE GUN MOTOR CARRIAGE Composed of M33 Mount and M2 Half-Track Personnel Carrier. This was reported as satisfactory by the APG Report 5871/3. REFERENCES: OCM 17478
APG 78317(1943)
APG 58155 (1942) RIGHT: M13 MULTIPLE GUN MOTOR CARRIAGE Formerly T1E4 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. This vehicle and mount was a satisfactory arrangement as reported in APG 5871/3. M13 CARRIAGE REF: OCM's 18627, 18839, 19626, 19624, 19430, 26330, 26627' 20680, 21002. TM 91223 (1944), TM 9710 (1944), RAPD 313996, RAPD 66387, DA 3188. T1E4 CARRIAGE REF: OCM 18032, 81-266, DA 9077, DA 9076. APG 77087 (1943). NOVILLE PlalP No. 116-1672
194
DIVISION A
SECTION 7 AMPHIBIOUS ARMORED VEHICLES
Amphibious vehicles generally carried armament groupings similar to the land vehicles, however, certain vehicles had unique arrangements. The Soviets and Japanese developed many amphibious vehicles to meet their tactical requirements.
The Soviet amphibious armored car of 1932, Plate 116-1161, utilized a
primary turret mounting a cannon and machine gun with a secondary rear turret carrying a machine gun. A third machine gun was located in the armored windshield. Their T40 Amphibious Tank, Plate 116-1154, carried two machine guns in a combination mount. Prior to 1934, the Japanese developed several amphibious tanks having fully rotatable turrets carrying single 7. 7mm machine guns.
Later, they developed
convertible light tanks; the Type 95 was typical, carrying a 37mm cannon and a ball-mounted machine gun in the turret with a second gun on the frontal hull, Plate 116-1445. The Type 3 "Kachisha", Plate 116-1446, was a convertible medium tank carrying a 47mm cannon in the turret with a ball-mounted machine gun at the rear and a ball-mounted 37mm cannon on the left hull frontal plate. Their Type 2 "Kamisha" carried a similar grouping; however, the hull ball mount was covered when the bow pontoons were carried.
The amphibian tank
shown on Plate 116-1561 was similar. The tactical and strategic position of the United States did not require extensive amphibious tanks; however, the mission of the U. S. Marines required
195
amphibious vehicles for ship-to-shore landing operations. Thus, there was initially developed not an amphibious tank, but a tracked landing craft. These carried several machine guns on both bracket mounts and skate mounts, Plate 1161087.
The continued development of these vehicles and the need for supporting
fire during landings brought forth turreted craft carrying a 7 5mm Howitzer with bracketed type machine gun mounts and a ball-mounted machine gun in the bow.
196
BALL AND TURRET MOUNTS, AMPHIBIOUS ARMORED CAR, BA FORD, SOVIET 1932
41-46
This Soviet 9 ton amphibious vehicle was equipped with a main turret, a secondary rear turret, and a forward ball mount. The main turret used a combination mount that included a cannon and one machine gun. The rear turret used one machine gun. The main turret appears capable of 360° rotation while the rear turret was limited to approximately 270° rotation. A single ball mounted machine gun was located in the armored windshield. All three machine guns on this vehicle were probably 7. 62mm. The illustrations on this Plate are from German data of 1936.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1161
197
BALL MOUNT, T37 AMPHIBIOUS TANK, SOVIET
The illustrations are from German data of 1936.
This Soviet vehicle was built prior to World War n. It was developed from the British Vickers-Carden Loyd light amphibious tanks purchased in 1930 and German experimental light tanks secretly built in Soviet factories. This cooperation between the Germans and aussians at a time of public enmity was for purposes of circumventing the Versailles Treaty.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1152
198
1933
GUN MOUNTS, ARMY AMPHIBIOUS TANKS, JAPANESE Amphibian Tank, No. A "IGO" (1933) This 5. 5 ton experimental tank utilized pump (jet) propulsion and mounted one 7. 7mm machine gun in the turret for armament. Amphibian Tank, No. B "ROGO" (1933) This 5 ton experimental tank had propeller propulsion and used one 7. 7mm machine gun in the turret for armament.
Model2593 Amphibian Tank (1933) This 4-1/2 ton tank with single screw propeller propulsion used a light machine gun ball-mounted in the turret for armament.
Model 2593 Amphibian Tank Amphibian Tank, Type 95 (1935) This vehicle was the Light Tank "KEGO, " of Plate 116-1425, converted to an amphibian by attachment of floats and two out-board motors. Armament was a 37mm gun, Type 100, in the turret, and two small machine guns ball-mounted, one in the frontal hull and the other in the turret. Amphibian Tank, SR II (1937) This experimental 4.4 ton tank used a twin propeller propulsion. One ballmounted 7. 7 machine gun in the left frontal hull spqnson and another ball-mounted machine gun in the turret comprised the armament for this vehicle.
Amphibian Tank SR III (1941-1943) This latest development of Japanese Army amphibian tanks used . twin propellers for propulsion . Armament consisted of a 13-mm machine gun ball-mounted in the turret and a light machine gun ballmounted in left frontal hull.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1445
Amphibian tank SR ill 199
GUN MOUNTS, NAVAL AMPHIBIOUS TANKS, JAPANESE
KAM15HA ('M
Amphibian Tank Type 2 ''KAMISHA''
Planned in 1942 this 14 ton tank with detachable bow and stern pontoons used the light tank Model 2595, Plate No. 116-1425, engine, transmission and suspension. It was propelled by twin propellers when afloat. The turretarmament was a37mm, Type 100, gun. In some cases a 7. 7mm machine gun was mounted coaxially with this gun. In the left front hull was a ballmounted, Type 97, 7. 7 mm machine gun. This machine gun was covered when the pontoons were installed. This tank was similar in many respects to the amphibious tank shown on Plate 116-1561.
Amphibian Tank, Type 3, "KACHISHA" (1944)
-?"'o<>-----7.,10 - - - - -
,o'!"to
This 31.6 ton tank uses the same engine and components as Medium Tank, Type 1, shown on Plate 116-1433, but with detachable floats. A 47mm gun, Type 1, was mounted in the turret front; one Type 99 machine gun was ball-mounted in the turret rear, and a Type 100, 37mm gun was ball-mounted in the left hull frontal plate.
"KACIITSHA"
Amphibian Tank, Type 4 "KA TSUSHA" (Not illustrated): This cargo and personnel carrier of approximately 16 tons had no floats, the hull providing sufficient buoyancy. It utilized two 13mm machine guns for armament.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1446
200
GUN MOUNTS ON
AMPHIBIOUS TANKS, JAPANESE
Tank without pontoons This amphibious vehicle with twin propeller propulsion had bow and stern pontoons which were releasable from within the tank. With pontoons it weighed 24,915 pounds and carried a crew of 3. A Model 94, 37mm gun was mounted coaxially with a 7. 7mm machine gun in the front turret and a 7. 7mm machine gun was ball-mounted in the left front hull. When the pontoons were installed this machine gun was not usable. This tank also had seven pistol ports. All openings were provided with rubber seals . This amphibious tank is similar in many respects to the Japanese Naval Amphibious Tank, Type 2 "KAMISHA" shown on Plate 116-1446. REFERENCE: Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Materiel, Volume ll.
APG A4979 (1944) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1561
Tank with Pontoons 201
M30 SKATE MOUNT INSTALLATION, LANDING VEillCLE, TRACKED, MK II
The M30 Skate Mounts detailed on Plate No. 116-1081 were used on the Mark II LVT (A) (2), shown above, and the Mark II LVT (2). Both a cal. . 50M2 HB and a cal. .30 M1919A4 gun were used on the vehicle shown above. One thousand rounds of cal. . 50 and two thousand rounds of cal. .30 were normally carried in the vehicle. The early model vehicle shown below was equipped with two cal. . 50 MG in M30 Skate Mounts. The aft gun rail on these vehicles was U shaped to cover three walls, and the forward rail section was a separate assembly, attached higher on the fourth wall. The later Skate Mount M35, differing mainly in the detail of the rear gun support as noted on Plate No. 116-1035, was also used in these installation. Neither the M30 nor the M35 Skate Mounts were shielded. These are the only instances found in which rails with Skate Mounts were used on U.S. amphibious vehicles. Later U.S.amphibious vehicles used bracket mounts, ring mounts, and turret mounts. MARK ll LANDING VEIDCLE, TRACKED (ARMORED) (2) REFERENCES: APG 5648/3; TM 9-1175(1944); TM 9-2800(1943); OCM 19992, 20680, 25966, 30046, 30429. MARK II LANDING VEillCLE, TRACKED (UNARMORED) (2) REFERENCES: TM 9-775; TM 9-1775(1944); Photo DA 3163(1943); OCM 19992, 25966, 30046, 30429.
APG 92115 (9-10-43) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1087
202
BRACKET MOUNTS, LVT(A)(5) AMPHIBIOUS VEffiCLE
-\ COMMANDER'S TRAVERSING / REMOTE CONT~OL
RA PD 349889G
Detail of Bracket Mount with D38579 Pintle Assembly on turret of LVT (A)(5).
ESCAPE HATCH
FINAL DRIVE SPROCKET RA PD 1021878
BILGE PUMP DISCHARGE CHANNEL
LVT (A)(4) with Bracket Mounts on Turret Sides. The D38579 Pintle is shown with weapons in place on Plate 116-1227, while the Pintle components are detailed on Plate 116-1225. The bow installed ball mount, 7722940, is detailed on Plate 116- 1014.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1470
203
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT OF THE LVT-H-6 primary armament of this mount was a 105mm Howitzer. To the left of this was located a coaxial cal. . 30 machine gun. This combination mount was installed in the turret of the LVTH-6 shown below which also used the short pedestal mount shown on Plate Number 116-1691. The companion vehicle, LVT- P-5, a personnel carrier, utilized the G-1 cupola mount shown on Plate 116-1590. ' c
Interior view of turret showing cal. machine gun installation.
..
LVT H-6 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1692
204
DIVISION A
SECTION 8 CARGO VEHICLES
Because of the susceptibility of truck convoys to interdictory fire by enemy aircraft, it became necessary to provide some form of anti-aircraft protection. The basic skate and rail mounts originally intended for anti-personnel use were found to be inadequate for anti-aircraft use by trucks. This was due to the need for maintaining a gun operator on the cargo bed. Early truck developments tried Scarff mounts located on the truck cab roof, as shown in Plate 116-1457. Later, skate and ring mounts were developed for such "hard top" cabs.
Those trucks
with "soft" cabs and flat or stake beds still presented a problem in supporting the ring structure and thus pedestal mount installations of the type shown in Plate 116-1297 were utilized.
The pedestal mounts were limited in application
since they were not readily available to the co-driver and required considerable cargo bed space to "walk around" the mount. Continued development of the ring mount for " soft" cabs resulted in the standardizing of several bracket and support kits for carrying the M49 series of ring mount.
These truck installations are illustrated in Division B, Section 3.
205
SCARFF MOUNT INSTALLATIONS These Scarff mounts were used with the Model 1918 Caliber .30 Browning Aircraft Machine Guns Ml.
sc 37-623 The Scarff mount on the Scout Car shown at the top and on the truck cab above were derived from the mount shown on Plate 116-1452. These mounts used springs in place of the elastic cords of the original design, and resemble the Type D-6 shown on Plate 116-1456. A caliber . 50 gun was also used at the rear of the Scout Car. The truck was equipped with a pintle in a tubular bracket support at the right hand side of the windshield. This pintle could be used to carry the caliber .30 BMG and provide a limited amount of traverse and elevation.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1457
206
M24Al PEDESTAL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
APG 91816 (1943)
3/4 Ton Truck.
The M24A1 pedestal mount normally used the 7068880 cradle and pintle assembly detailed on Plate No. 116-1093. In these views the D90045 cradle and pintle assembly, first variations,are shown in use. The 090045 assemblies are also shown on Plate No. 116-1295, and the auxiliary handgrips are detailed on Plate No. 116-1296. The early arrangement for this mount is shown above and the late arrangement below. The M24A1 pedestal mount is shown in detail on Plate No. 116-1222.
1-1/2 Ton 6 x 6 Truck. REFERENCES: APG 5676/11 (1944). APG 96868, 96871, 96874, 96875.
NOVILI.E Plat1· N(). 116-t2n7
207
SECTION 9
DIVISION A
WEAPON MOUNTS ON MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLES
This section illustrates representative mounts which have been used on such miscellaneous vehicles as sleds, trains, motorcycles or trailers. Mounts designed specifically for sled installation are typified by the German mount shown on Plate 116-1635. Sled installations using components of short pedestal and tripod mounts are illustrated on Plate 116-1634. The armored Italian train, Plate 116-1801, had two primary gun turrets and three ball mounted machine guns on each side of the train body. Motorcycle mounts, Plates 116-1636 and 116-1637, used principally short pedestal and bracket mounts. Plates 116-1716 and 116-1740 illustrate early U.S. and German caisson-type mounts. These mounts had only limited traverse action due to interference of the wheels. A more recent type as illustrated by the Soviet trailer- type mounts on Plate 116- 1732 had full traverse action as the wheels of these mounts were greatly reduced in diameter.
209
SLED MOUNT
- GERMA:
SA 7339
German Sled Mount- Left Side Shown with Maxim MG 08, caliber 7. 9 mm. Similar sled mounts were used by Great Britian and Russia.
SA Xl89
Right Side NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1635
210
MACHINE GUN SLED MOUNTS
u.s.
sc 364488
(1943)
The above photograph shows the installation of an experimental short pedestal mount with a caliber . 50 machine gun on an 18 inch toboggan with pioneer equipment strapped on.
The photograph below shows a field installation of a heavy machine gun tripod mount on a toboggan. This was accomplished by strapping the tripod mount in a folded position to the bed of the toboggan.
Marine Corps Gazette (1951)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 163 4
211
ARMORED TRAIN
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1801
212
-ITALIAN
ARMORED MOTORCYCLES AND MOTORCYCLE MG MOUNTS
(Swedish Armored Motorcycle) Landsverk 210
British Motorcycle Mount from Infantry Journal, June 1941 Swedish Armor0d Motorcycle, Landsverk 210, with Machine Gun in anti-aircraft position.
U.S . Armored Motorcycle with M6 Mount, Springfield Armory, 1916
Sidecar detachedfor groundfiring NOVIL LE Plate No . 116-1636
Soviet Armed sidecar Motorcycle with detachable Bipod Mount Machine Gun. 213
MOTORCYCLE MOUNT
- DANISH
This Danish motorcycle mount used a Madsen Machine Gun .
Left : Antiaircraft adapter on motorcycle mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1637
214
EARLY WHEELED MOUNTS FOR MACHINE GUNS.
U.S.
SA 7338 M1883 Gatling, Caliber . 45 on Wheeled Mount. These mounts were of the short pedestal type, using a gimbal fitted for elevation and a pintle and socket for traverse.
RA:PD
Ml908 Gatling on Wheeled Mount. REF: TM 9-2205 (1952) NOVILLE Plat e No. 116 - 1716
215
i 181'63A
A tripod mount with an M1874 Gatling Machine Gun is shown on Plate 116-1698.
M1893 MAXIM MG ON WHEELED MOUNT
... ._
- ··· ·-~
;.
~
NOVILLE Plate Na. 116-1740
216
-GERMAN
WHEELED GROUND MOUNTS
Ref : DA- 30- 50-1 89 lb with shield, less ammo. 30. 4 lb, gun alone
-SOVIET
Goryunor M1943 7. 62 mm heavy machine gun on shielded wheeled mount.
This wheeled mount could be converted to an antiaircraft mount by removing the gun f r o m t h e p o s it i o n shown, elevating the tail piece and installing the gun on a swivel at the top of the tail piece. This gun was used by the Chinese Reds in North Korea.
A shield was used on some variations of this mount.
Maxim M1910 7. 62 mm W. C. machine gun on Sokoloff wheeled mount. Mfg 1945 Ref: DA- 30- 50-1 152 lb with mount. A Wheeled mount with the DShK M1938 12. 7 mm HMG is shown on 116-1734. NOViL LE Plat£' No . 116-1732 217
DIVISION B CRADLES Contents Section Section Section Section Section Section
1--2 3 4 5 6
Single Weapon Cradles, Ordnance Single Weapon Cradles, Navy & Air Corps Multiple Weapon Cradles, Ordnance Multiple Weapon Cradles, Navy & Air Corps Shielded Cradle Assemblies Cradle Components and Weapon Accessories
Discussion In general, all weapons use certain basic components which make them capa-
ble of being either ground weapons or vehicular weapons. These basic camponents consist of ( 1) a cradle for supporting the weapon proper, ( 2) an attaching pintle for providing traverse flexibility, and ( 3) the pintle socket for retaining the cradle and pintle assembly. The socket in turn can then be part of a pedestal mount, a bracket mount, or as illustrated later can be part of the carriage used for skate, rail and ring mounts. Early vehicular mounts were actually derived from ground tripod mounts and used the cradle and pintle components from those basic mounts. Such vehicular mounts were generally deficient in that the cradles did not provide sufficient range of elevation and depression. As is evident from the historical data, there appeared to be considerable experimentation in the type of pintle and socket arrangement to use on the vehicular mounts in order to make them easily and rapidly interchangeable with ground tripod mounts. Initially, the machine guns all utilized a sub-pintle adapter which was also common to all ground mount tripod
219
cradles. However, the ground mount tripods themselves also used a variety of pintle and socket arrangements. These variations are further detailed in Division C and will be covered fully in that section.
220
DIVISION B
SECTION 1 SINGLE WEAPON CRADLES, ARMY ORDNANCE
Early cradle and pintle assemblies for vehicular mounts utilized cradles from the tripod ground mounts as the mounting arrangement on the U.S. Browning Machine Guns.
These guns, with fore and aft mounting pins, required the use of
cradles or mounting brackets to convert fixed machine guns to flexible guns providing elevation and traverse.
These cradle and pintle assemblies used the tri-
pod ground mount cradle with male pintles fitting into female sockets on the tripod.
The guns had an attached secondary or sub-pintle assembly which fitted
into a mating socket on the basic cradle. This secondary or sub-pintle adapter was used to provide an easy and rapid transfer of the gun from the vehicular mount to a ground tripod mount. Some experimental cradle and pintle assemblies directly fitted the gun to the cradle by using fastening pins at the fore and aft mounting holes. Elevation was accomplished by means of a quadrant and clamp arrangement moving about the pivot of the pintle assembly. A bore sighting adjustment mechanism was attached to the aft bolting hole of the gun and to the aft portion of the cradle. The pintle sockets varied in design from a straight tubular section to a tapered conical section and finally resulted in a combination pintle shaft which consisted of a straight tubular section to provide the bearing necessary to support the gun and cradle with an inverted conical tip which could be used to retain the pintle within the socket. These early cradle units all had the disadvantage of being specifically designed
221
for ground mounts with their limited elevation and depression requirements. It was soon recognized that vehicular cradles and pintles required much more elevation than that provided for in the tripod mounts and that the need for an adjusting and elevating mechanism at the aft attaching point did not exist. The sub-pintle adapter or gun attached pintle was retained in view of the military requirement that such vehicular weapons be capable of being easily and rapidly fitted to ground mounts. The early U. S. cradle and pintles were generally of the built up or welded construction with later assemblies being of cast construction. Certain of the cradle and pintle assemblies incorporated special mechanisms to provide gun equilibration as well as two position pintles to provide extra gun elevation when required. One primary problem of the early cradle assemblies lay in the attaching point for the machine gun. While practically all foreign machine guns of the flexible type were mounted so that the pivot point lay along the axis of the barrel, the mounting for the Browning Machine Gun was below the axis of
th~
barrel and the recoil action created an over-turning moment. The
flexible vehicular mounts developed later attempted to compensate for this by raising the pintle attaching point to the axis of the gun barrel. This could not be fully accomplished in view of the fact that the gun balance point lies in the area of the feedway and link ejection opening. Thus, any attempt to mount the gun at its balance point and along the barrel axis would interfere with ammunition feeding and expended link ejection. Attempts to pivot the gun further aft and along the barrel line resulted in a need for equilibration. The equilibration in turn was a problem since the adjustment had to be set to balance a gun carrying a box having different loads of ammunition.
Generally, the adjustment was set to
222
balance with a half empty ammunition box. Cradle attached ammunition box holders and trays required considerable development.
Early cradle and pintle assemblies used special ammunition boxes
to contain the rounds. These were limited in capacity and did not hold the full complement of ammunition available from the Ml or M2 ammunition boxes. Later, special holding devices and tray adapters were designed to support either the caliber .50 M2 ammunition box or the caliber .30 Ml ammunition box. These were constantly improved in design to reduce interference with surrounding vehicular components as well as providing a means for maintaining the box and ammunition rigid while operating under adverse road conditions. Means for rapid removal of an empty box and substitution of a filled box were also provided. These developments finally resulted in the standardization of the E10014 cradle, pintle, and tray assembly shown on Plate 116-1091 and later the cast cradle, pintle, and ammunition tray assembly, 7046650, illustrated on Plate 116-1516.
223
T3E2 AND T3E3 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLIES Caliber .30
T3E2 Cradle and Pintle Assembly.
RIA 722-39638 (1934)
A gun-attached secondary pintle was used in the T3E2 cradle and pintle assembly, whereas in the T3E3 cradle and pintle assembly the gun was attached directly to the cradle. The T3E2 cradle included a rear support mechanism with a fine adjustment for elevation and traverse, while the T3E3 cradle used a fixed rear attachment. The main pintle shafts of the two cradles had ends of different design. Both cradles wereu sed with the Ml917 water-cooled caliber. 30 Browning Machine Gun.
T3E3 Cradle and Pintle Assembly. Cradle No.
Base Used With
RIA 728-39668 (1934)
Base Shown on Plate
Cradle and Base Used With
Mount Shown on Plate
T3E2
Ml917E2 tripod base
116-1207
T15 tripod mount (early mounts)
116-1206
T3E3
T1 pedestal base
116-1200
T 16 pedes tal mount
116-1203
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1205
224
T5. T5El. AND T5E2 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLIES These experimental cradle and pintle assemblies of 1934 were developments leading to the D7431 Cradle and Pintle assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1098.
"'\
T5 Cradle.
RIA 728-39859
T5E1 Type Cradle
40100
T5E1 Cradle.
39778
T5E2 Cradle.
39789
Cal. . 30 B. M. G. Model 1917 W. C. with Gun Pintle.
RIA 728-39859 (1934).
This gun and pintle assembly was used in all of the above cradles. The T5El cradle was developed into the D7431 cradle used in the M1917Al tripod ground mount. Ref: Photo APG 32983 (193 5). CRADLE
T5 T5E1
T5El Type T5E2
USED WITH BASE T12 Tripod Base Ml917E2 Tripod Base Carriage Assembly Ml917E2 Tripod Base T12 Tripod Base TIEl Pedestal Base
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1095
BASE SHOWN ON 116-1212 116-1207 116-1058 116-1207 116-1212 116-1200
225
CRADLE AND BASEUSEDIN T23 Tripod Mount T24 Tripod Mount D34803 Skate Mount T15 Tripod Mount, Late Models T23E1 Tripod Mount T18 Pedestal Mount
MOUNT SHOWN ON 116-1142 116-1141 116-1058 116-1206 116-1140 116-1139
T6 AND T7 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLIES Caliber . 50
T6 Cradle. RIA 728-39696 (1934) Used with base T1E1 in Pedestal Mount T19.
T7 Cradle. RIA 728-39725 (1934) Used with base T1E1 in Pedestal Mount T22. T1E1 Pedestal Base is detailed on Plate 116-1200. T19 Pedestal Base is detailed on Plate 116-1201. T22 Pedestal Base is detailed on Plate 116-1202. These cradle assemblies used conical male pintles, while the related cradles T6E1 and T7El, detailed on Plate 116-1179, used female pintle sockets . RIA 728-39696 Cal. . 50 B. M.G. as used in T6and T7.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1208
REFERENCES:
226
OCM 11343
T6El AND T7El CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLIES
T6E1 Cradle. RIA 728-39729 (1934) Used with the tripod base shown on Plate 116-1210 to form the T20 tripod mount.
T7E1 Cradle. RIA 728-39785 (1934) Used with the tripod base shown on Plate 116-1210 to form the T21 tripod mount detailed on Plate 116-1211.
Cal.. 50 BMG as used in T6E1 cradle.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1179
Cal.. 50 BMG as used in T7E1 cradle. APG 32984 (1935) T7E1 Cradle modified for use with the M1921 Tripod. 227
D7431 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY M
FF RA PD 15~32
A-Pin, elevating screw joint, assy-5141163 B-Screw, fil-hd No. 6(0.138)-40NF-2 x%; C-Nut, safety, §16- 503347 D-Bolt, cradle clamping, assy-5140937 E-Bolt, pintle support-6140993 F-Nut, trunnion stud-5160133 G-Plate, side, left, assy- 5559807 H-Stud, trunnion-5141122 J-Pin, cotter, split, Ys x 1 Y!- 137195 K-Nut, pintle bolt-5139964 L-Pintle, gun-6108917 M-Bolt, pintle-6139973 N-Support, pintle-6108881 Lock, pintle, assy-6108986 P- Plate, side, right-5559798 Q-Nut, safety, % in-503353
R-Handle, cradle clamping-5140853 S-Pin, cotter-137181 T-Collar, cradle clamping, assy-5140915 U-Washer, lock-138167 V-Screw, stop, cradle clamping handle - 5141111 W-Knlob, traversing-5141076 X-Scae elevating and traversing mechanism, assy- 5140817 Y-Plat~ click, traversing-5141076 Z-Wash~r, lock, int-teeth, No. 6-138528 AA-Pintlc, cradle, assy~6142488 . . , BB-Mechanism, elevatmg and travcrsmg, assy~ ~6531559 CC- Spacer, cradle- 51•10933 DD-Bearing, traversing screw- -5140871 EE-Washer, traversing scrcw-5159451 FF-Chain, assy--5141460
The D7431 Cradle and Pintle Assembly was designed in 1935 for use in the M1917 A1 tripod ground mount. It was developed from the T5 series of cradles shown on Plate No. 116-1095. D 7431 CRADLE REFERENCES: TM 9-224 (1943) C1 (1945), TM 9-1205 (1944), TM 9-2200 (1949), TM 9-2005 (1953). NOTE: The earlier photo RAPD 53714 is the same as RAPD 159332 shown above except for nomenclature of parts. USED IN: M1917 A1 Tripod Ground Mount M24 Truck Pedestal Mount M24A1 Truck Pedestal Mount M25 Truck Pedestal Mount M29 Skate Mount
MOUNT SHOWN ON: Plate No. 116-1096 Plate No. 116-1224 Plate No. 116-1222 Plate No. 116-1181 Plate No. 116-1079
07431 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATIONS
T21, 75mm Recoilless Rifle, in D7431 Cradle of Pedestal Mount at rear of M29C Amphibious Vehicle. DA 5840 (1945).
+-
The D7431 cradle and pintle was used mainly in the M1917A1 tripod ground mount shown on Plate No. 116-1096.
CRADLE, ASSEMBLY- 0743 1
-t1
RA PD 70373
D7431 cradle as used in the M24, M24A1, M25, and M31 truck pedestal mounts . The later nomenclature for the gun-attached secondary pintle was 6108917.
NOV! LL E P ial(' No. 116- 1290
229
D36960 CRADLE, PINTLE, AND AMMUNITION BOX ASSEMBLY
This assembly was developed for use with the D36958 skate mount assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1061, and preceeded the M35C skate mount shown on Plate No. 116-1083. The D36960 cradle, pintle, and ammunition box assembly was also used in the M30 skate mount shown on Plate No. 116-1081. Bracket and ring installations of the D3 6960 assembly are shown on Plate No. 116-1180.
•8
A - COVER - C72685 B-PIN- Al72914 C- BODY, AMMUNITION TRAY D- SCREW - BCBX I CB E- MECHANISM, ELEVATING, F - NUT - BBSX4AE G- NUT - BBSX4AH H - SPACER - B I 53996 J - SPACER - B I 53995 K- PLATE- D36955 L -NUT - BBSX4AC M- WASHER- A 164361 N -PLATE - D36954 P -JAW- Al73357 Q- WASHER- Al73758 R-JAW-AI73358 S -HANDLE, ASS'Y - B 159825 T - TRUNNION -A 164246 U- BOLT- Al72916 V - PINTLE- D36949 W-TRUNNION- Al72917 X - NUT- A172954 Y -SUPPORT - B153957 Z - PIN- BFAXICD AA- NUT - BBHX I A BB- PIN- BFAXICE CC- BOLT- Al39973 EE -PINTLE- C59332 DD- NUT- Al39964
y
,u. Assembly D36960 was used with the M25 pedestal mount shown onPlate No. 116-1181. The elevating mechanism "E" was carried s~. over from earlier ground mount cradles, and used in the M30 skate mount. Later skate mounts such as the M35C used a fixed rear support of less complexity. The cradle assembly D54075, which is shown on Plate 116-1089, is typical.
--1
D36960 REFERENCES: TM 9-224 (1943) (C-1, 1945)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1094
230
RA PD
50936,
D36960 CRADLE, PINTLE AND AMMUNITION BOX ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION ON HALF-TRACK VEHICLES Assembly D3 6960 is detailed on Plate No. 116-1094.
D36960 cradle assembly used in a cal. . 30 bracket mount and a cal. . 50 ring mount on the M2Al half track. DA 10439 (1944)
D36960 cradle assembly used in :M49 cal. . 50 ring mount installation on M2E6 half track. Normally, the cradle assembly D40733, detailed on Plate 116-1123, was used in the M 49 ring mount. DA 7821 (1943)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1180
D36960 cradle assembly used in cal. . 30 bracket mount installation on M9Al half track. The ring mount M49, cal. . 50 is 231 detailed on Plate 116-1186.
D34218 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber . 50 loODV, PINTLt
L0(.11~.
-AI41120
(Oll.t.l. 'PA
&OAINC., PINTLt- LCK..._-~IM99& NMO' (.aAOLt- PIHTl.t- LO
Wl:C.H., E'lt'l: •
TAAV.,
A~·~lro4. - C. ~9&2.1
PINTLI';. CCIIADLt-
-0~21P
__ _
I~
liUHt:R, KHO., ltTAINIWC.-AI. . .7'J
... '
•
Cov•a, HOUIIHG " l ... D\.~ PUollLt- LO
This cradle and pintle assembly was used in the M4 Pedestal Mount, Modified, shown on Plate No. 116-1125. An earlier related Pedestal Mount M4 is shown on Plate No. 116-1124. The pintle shaft is adjustable in height for 3 positions, for either ground or antiaircraft fire. ">e:..--- NU'T ......... TRAVE-IU.ING !.
NUT - A.l40&92 WAI!>HE:II, LOC.K, &H'K'PilOOI'--&E:A)(.IL
BOD~: tlE:V.
t
~A.E:W,
TIIAV. t,U:C.H.t.NI!>t.l-&10&&90
TA.AVf:RI!>INC. -AI411011
C.AP, HE-X. HD.- &CSXIAD LOCK, TIIAV. ADJUSTio4tNT-A14116&
PIH, E:LE:VATING &.llt-W "'OIN\ AS$1:M.-BI089D7 SCALE:, E:I..E:V.
KNO&, TRAVE:-RIIIING- A I41076
COUIDf; I.OD"t; 1!:-lf:V.
a
liCRt-W, f:li:VATINC'o-AI4110& TAAV. l.lf:C.H.-AI406M Bf::_+-- - - PLUCO, t-LEV. l TRAil. loi!C.HANI&M &OI>V-AI400.9!> - f - -- - SPiliN6,CL1(1<, tl!:V. & TIIAV. t.UoC.HANI!olo4-AI4122&
STOll' tlE:VATINC. &CRE:W, A'bf.I:M.-AI409Z'l
9 }-- - - -""'1>5<1-:: /"""'--'"""'"""!+""""
8
~f'---- PIN, C.liC.K, E:U:V. I. TIIAV. ME:UlANit.t.l-A-141077 :----:=-- KE:Y, KNO&, E:LE:VATING, -A 140"90
~CALf:- E-LI:VA.TINC., AU~Iolt.L.V- Al40w8'il 1':========-SC. IIE:W, MACH., STE:E:l, F-IL.-HD.- &CG'IC:~CC WA~HE: ~, E:LE:V. KNOIIo, NU'f. LO<;KINGo -AI42o401
'-
Detail of Elevating and Traverse Mechanism C59827
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1074
232
D40607 CRADLE ASSEMBLY, WITH RECOIL MECHANISM AND FIRING CONTROL These assemblies were part of the: T56 AA Tripod Mount, Plate 116-1545 T57 AA Pedestal Mount, Plate 116-1544
APG 905-5768
040607 Cradle and Recoil and Firing Mechanisms.
The cradle, Plate C, holding a caliber . 50, M2, W. C. Machine Gun was mounted on the pintle on trunnion studs which formed the fulcrum of the movement of the weapon in elevation and was secured in position by means of the handle. The gun vibration was cut down by the recoil mechanism, Dwgs. 040604 and C90659, which was an arrangement allowing the gun to recoil against springs. In counter-recoil the cradle came against a second set of springs. Some of the recoil normally expected was counteracted by the firing mechanism, 040608, B194332, C90669 and C67119, which had a latch which tripped the firing pin and was so placed that the gun fired while still moving forward in counter-recoil. The ladder control consisted of a bracket on the back of the cradle having 3 pairs of handles. Each pair made one set of handle bars. The gun was fired by rotation of any of the three left-hand handles. The sight, D40690, not shown on this plate, was mounted on the water jacket of the machine gun.
MECHANISM, RECOIL·D40D04
GUIOE- 8194328
REFERENCES: Rock Island Technical Notes, RIA-MG-51 (Jan. 42)
SLIOE· 8212822 --
APG Report 5082/202 (May 1942)
Plate C of RIA-MG-51 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1563
233
D40733 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY
G
A-SPACER- 6195156 H-PINTLE-C90812 B-SCREW -A231005 J-RIVET-505832 C-WASHER-115.550 K-P1N, ASSY-8227636 OR. D-NUT-218570 PIN, ASSY -7070295 E-BODY-058626 L-P1N, ASSY-8195179 OR BODY --'7002986 M-PIN, ASSY-8195178 OR F-P1N-505577 PIN, ASSY -7070296 G-SCREW -A230173
RA PO 130148
Cradle, assembly (040733) - Exploded View Assembly 040733 is combined with the pintle socket and carriage assembly 040721, shown on Plate No. 116-1099, to form the skate mount assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1073. The body, 058626, with travel lock lugs welded on, was also used in the original 7068880 Cradle and Pintle Assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1093. Spacer B195156 with the addition of travel lock lugs was used on the M24A2 Truck Pedestal Mount shown on Plate No. 116-1183. REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 (1951) RAPO 59414 APG 5676/23 (1944)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1123
234
D40944 CRADLE AND C91597 PINTLE ASSEMBLY
Cradle and Pintle Assembly with M1917A1 Cal. .30 B. M.G. This assembly was used with the M1919A4 Cal. .30 Flex. B. M.G. in the M41 Ring Mount shownon Plate 116-1461 and the M40 Bracket Mount shown on Plate 116-1465.
A BCDEFCHJKLM NPQRSTUV WXYZ -
PINTLE, ASS' Y - Bl95755 ' SHANK - A 232178 PINTLE. ASS'Y - C91597 YOKE - Bl95780 PIN , ASS'Y - B195779 HEAD - A 232457 HANDLE - A 232458 CHAIN. ASS'Y - A 232223 BOSS - A 232 163 PLATE - Bl 9577 3 HOOK - SCAX1A CHA IN - SDAX6B PIN, ASS'Y - B195778 BODY - A232 161 BALL - CCAX1A SPACER - A232096 PLATE - Bl95772 BOLT - A 232 195 o PLATE. ASS'Y - C9 1596 NUT - BBDX2B RIB- A 234719 BALL - CCAXIB SUPPORT - B22 1670 BODY - A 232160
RIA 913-6418 (1942)
cc
AA - SPACER A232 162 BB - SUPPORT - A232 177 CC - CHAIN. ASS' Y · A2 32474 DO - END - A232477 RA PO 79890
RAPD 79890
RIA 913-6419 (1942)
This assembly was used in the bracket mounts shown on Plate 116-1466. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1463
235
D90045 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY, Auxiliary Handles
•. r !J.. • .
With Cal. . 30 B. M. G.
APG 91844 (1943).
With Cal. . 50 B. M. G.
APG 91843 (1943).
Experimental auxiliary handgrips were tested with the D90045 cradle and pintle assembly on the M24A1 pedestal mount, fixed to a 1-1/2 ton 6 x 6 truck. According to the APGreport 5676/14 (1943), the handgrips improved gun control, but required the addition of a side plate trigger. The grips were not used in the further development of the D90045, which led to the 7068880 cradle and pintle assembly, but were used in a modified form in a series of ground mounts leading to the M63 ground mount 8hown on Plate 116-1254. The views above are the early handgrips and the views below are the handgrips used with the first experimental variations of the 090045 assembly detailed on Plate No. 116-1295.
With Cal. . 50 B. M. G.
NOVILLE Pial<· No. 116-1296
Two Views From APG96873 (1943).
248
6569820 (D69820) CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber .50 REFERENCES: ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 30 (1944) AFB Project No. 272 ( 1942)
This Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Holder was used on the ring mount of the M7 Howitzer Motor Carriage and on the cupola RA Po 8286o mounts of the M4 series of Medium Tanks. The yoke was controlled by the spring loaded cam and two positions of the yoke arms were provided. In the forward position, the gun could be elevated from approximately -30 o to +47°. In the rearward position, the elevation range was from +35 o to approximately 75 °, When mounted on the cupola socket of the M4 tanks, even though 3 60 o freedom was provided, the gunner could only traverse approximately 45 o each side of center before having to move the hatch ring.
AB C DE F GH-
BLOCK - A26528 SHAFT, ASSEMBLY - A26597 BUSHING - A265388 PINTLE - Cl23960 PIN - A265338 LEVER- B229731 NUT - BBSX4AA PIN, ASSEMBLY - A265329 J - KEY - A265331 K- ARM - C107315 L - TUBE - A265332 M -SPRING - A265333 N - WASHER - BEBXlK P- WASHER- BEAXlL Q - SCREW - BCBXlCD R - PIN - A265327 S - CHAIN, ASSEMBLY - Al88033 T - PIN, ASSEMBLY - A227869 U - CRADLE - C107314 V- RIVET- BMNXlBC W - WASHER - BECXlK X- SCREW- BCAXlCA Y- BRACKET, ASSEMBLY- Cll5259 RA PD 70814
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1524
249
D38579 PINTLE GROUP
According to APG 5676/20 of 8 June 1944, this Y-pintle was not wholly satisfactory when used in the M48 Bracket Mount, since it did not provide a tray for holding the ammunition supply. No satisfactory substitute was recommended, however. PIN. ASSEMBLY . A l 8flO.L;
D38579 Pintle Group. The D38579 Pintle and associated components were used in the following mounts: M24 M24A1 M31 M48
Pedestal Mount shown on Plate Pedestal Mount shown on Plate Pedestal Mount shown on Plate Bracket Mount shown on Plate
No. No. No. No.
116-1224. 116-1222. 116-1226. 116-1225.
Illustrations of the D3 8579 Pintle with weapons attached are shown on Plate 116-1227.
-BUSH ING - A l880 31 RA PO 39732
Alternate D38579 Pintle Group. The alternate group illustrated above was a manufacturing simplification using simplified locking pins and omitting the chain attaching eyes. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1223
250
E6160 CRADLE, PINTLE, & AMMUNITION BOX HOLDER ASSEMBLY
Caliber .30
RAPD 70832
RAPD 70831
This Caliber .3 0 assemblywas used principally with short pedestal and bracket mounts on various combat vehicles. It was a further development of the D6160 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box Assembly, the pintle alone remaining the same. The E6160 Assembly had an 85° elevation, 15°- 20°depression,and360°traverse movement. The supporting structure, D69993, was used to retain this assembly on the topside of various turrets. An experimental variation of the E6160, the D76272,shown on Plate 116 - 1244, was tested in the development of the M48 Bracket Mount, Plate 116- 1225 as reported in the APG Report 5476/20 (1944). ASSEMBLY REFERENCES: SNL A55, Sec. 25; TM 9-224; RAPD Photo 70833 ASSEMBLY USED ON: Medium Tanks - M4, M4A1, M4A2, M4A3, and M4A4. Heavy Tanks - T1E1, M6 and M6A1.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1243
252
c1
-RA PD
1J0090A
E10014 CRADLE, PINTLE, AND TRAY ASSEMBLY TRAY, ASSY- D90078
ASSY- 7068880 (SHOWN> OR CRADLE AND PINTLE, ASSY- D90045 (NOT SHOWN>
The E10014 cradle, pintle and ammunition tray assembly was developed for use with either caliber . 30 or caliber . 50 Browning Machine Guns. It consisted of the D90078 ammunition tray and either the 7068880 cradle and pintle assembly, shown above and detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1093, or the D90045 cradle and pintle assem bly detailed on Plate No. 116- 1137. The D90045 was the early cradle and pintle assembly used in the development of the E10014 assembly and was intended for use in the M24A2 pedestal mount. D90045 was fabricated from welded steel plates and was used with special trigger controls in a series of ground mounts started in early 1944. These experimental ground mounts culminated in the M63 four - legged mount detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1254. The 7068880 cradle and pintle assembly was a later improved production design made of steel castings that replaced the D90045 design. It was capable of 85 o elevation and 30 ° depression, and included provisions for a travel lock in either vertical or a horizontal position. The E10014 assembly was used as a part of the following mounts: M24 Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116 - 1224 M24A1 Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116-1222 M24A2 Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116-1183 M25 Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116-1181 M31 Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116- 1226 M31C Pedestal Truck Mount Plate No. 116 - 1279 Plate No. 116-1278 M31A1 Pedestal Truck Mount M31A2 Plate No. 116 - 1083 M35C Skate Mount M48 Bracket Mount Plate No. 116-1225 7115438 Pedestal Mount on the M21 Half Track Pintle Sockets on the T141 5. P Twin 40MM Gun Pintle Sockets on the L VT (4) Landing Vehicle E10014 ASSEMBLY REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-92 (1952), ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) AO 55 - 5700284 Kit (includes cover D91030 for cal. . 50) APG 5676/23 and 5676/14 (1944), TM 9-224 (1943) Interchangeable with: 7046650, 6580030, and D80030.
----
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1091
253
7046650 CRADLE, P INTLE, AND AMMO TRAY ASSEMB LY Caliber .50 MG
RA PD 152169
The 7046650 assembly is interchange. able with the 6580030 . (D80030) anc E10014 Cradle, P intle and Ammunition Tray Assemblies. It bear s a closE resemblance to the D80030 ass emblj shown on Plate No. 116 - 1240, excep that 7046650 specifically carries thE D90078 Ammunition Box T ray Ass em. bly of Plate 116 - 1184.
The Concentr ic Ring Mounts , M66 a nd M68, s hown or P lates 116- 1513 and - 1519 r espectively, both utilize this caliber . 50 assembly as a component part of thE mount. In addition, it was used on the cupola mountc of the M47 Medium Tank and the Tl8 series of Armor ec Utility Vehicles.
Installation on Cupola Mount.
N
4
A
B
/
y,
0
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1516
254
A - SCREW - 106284 8 - WASHER - 115549 C - BRACKET - 7046653 D - NUT - 103025 E - PINTLE - 7042930 F - KEY - 5384057 G - P IN - A266489 H - WASHER - 103339 J - SPRING - A384062 K - BAR - A384053 L - PIN - 137130 M - SUPPORT - A38 4060 N - WASHER - 115553 P - STUD - A384059 Q - CASE - 8297412 R - PIN - A384056 S - SPRING - 8297411 T - WASHER - 103320 U - RIVET - 505832 V - PIN ASSY - 707029 2 W - WASHER - 108580 X - SCREW - 181114 Y - PLATE - A384064 Z - PIN ASSY - 7042932 AA - PIN ASSY - 7070291 88 - STUD - 119907 CC - RIVET - 505833 DD - CRADLE - 7046652 EE - WICK - A328284 FF - PIN - A384055
T12 (M2) SUB CRADLE, CALIBER .30
ADAPTER, AA~ruNITION BOX 07~775 · GUN AT',l'ACHMENT PIN BIW-~;239 .
T12 Sub-Cradle, Cal. .30, on AA Cal. . 50M2 Tripod Mount.
RIA 741 - 1844 (1940)
SUB,. D378l'j
•
COUNTERWEIGHT Bi68121 COUNTERWEIGIIT Bl68120 . BOLT Al86~~~ BOLT Al59 ----------' ADAPTER, AMMUNITION BOX C 7 5- - - - '
.B168i21
scnmv BCBX5B '----- SC EW BCAX3 .lE ' - - - - - - - - ' TRAY, AMMUNITION FEED Bl68 113 COUN'rERWEIGlf.r 8168120----'
Components of T12 Sub-Cradle, Cal. .30. The T12 sub - cradle used the BMG cal. .30, Ml917A1 and was constructed to be assembled in the cradle of the M2 cal. . 50 AA Mount. shown on Plate 116-1676. 255
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1641
~UN'rEil.V~IGirr
RIA 741-1847 (19 40) T12 REF: NM RIA-MG-4 6 (19 40), Dwg. 037818, OCM 15759, OCM 1608l(designated M2 Cradle, sub-cal. AA Machine Gun Mount)
Ml RECOIL CRADLE Caliber .50
The Ml recoil cradle was used in the M21 skate mount assembly shown on Plates No. 116-1120 and 116-1070. Major components included the recoil springs (9) and the counter recoil springs (11). The collar (2) was fastened to the forward end of the gun and transmitted the recoil forces to the springs. The rear end of the gun was attached to the slide assembly (4), which moved in recoil.
RIA 842 - 401 (1939) M1 Cradle References: Drawing D33239, RIA-MG-37 (R-49) 1939. Photo RIA 819 -3 90.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1315
256
A. A. CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY
- ITALIAN
APG A27191 (19 45)
This Italian antiaircraft cradle and pintle assembly used the St. Etienne, 8 mm machine gun, M19 07.
FMAR 78
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1643
ADG A27191 (19 45)
257
SECTION 2
DIVISION B SINGLE WEAPON CRADLES, NAVY AND Affi CORPS
The Air Force and Navy nomenclatures for gun cradles of the type shown in this section are "Gun Mount Adapters". Basically, they consist of an open frame mechanism with space for inserting the fore and aft mounting pins and a pivot point for attaching a pintle assembly in order to provide the gun with flexibility in elevation and depression. In order to reduce the effect of gun recoil on the supporting structure, as well
as improve accuracy of aim, recoil cradles were used. These consisted of a subcradle attached to a primary cradle and pintle assembly through some type of r ecoil absorber. While these were primarily for the caliber .50 machine gun, some were also used for the caliber .30 gun. Several methods for recoil energy absorption were developed. These included hydraulic and pneumatic dashpot devices as well as friction dampers and snubbers. Early work with the gunner directly holding the gun grips showed that the action of the recoil cradle could be nullified if the operator "froze" to the gun.
Thus, practically all recoil cradle designs do not use the gun grips but
provide, instead, a set of hand grips on the primary cradle. Recoil cradles were usable with aircraft type machine guns since their relatively light recoiling parts did not require most of the guns recoil energy. The heavy barrel machine guns, particularlythe caliber .50, did not have this excess recoil energy and it was found that these types of cradles could seriously affect the rate of fire and even stop the gun.
259
ILLUMINATED SIGHT MARK 9
Mk 6 Mod 3 GUN MOUNT
ADAPTER, Caliber .50 This Navy recoil cradle was used with a Cal. . 50 B. A.M. Gun. The pintle yoke of this assembly was custom made to suit the installation. Weight: 15.6 lbs. AMMUNITION MAGAZINE HOLDER - -.....,
SIGHT BRACKET - -... •
BACK GUARD
HYDRAULIC SHOCK UNIT HAND GRIP
Mark 6 Mod. 2 adapters SPACER were converted to Mod. 3 by means of NavordOrdalt 1746. The Mark 6 Mod. 3 included a conversion kit for the cal. . 50 gun back plate, as noted in Navord OCL V27-43. FRONT
SUPPORT _ ___;; YOK E FITTING - - - - - - - - J
BACK GUARD - -
MAGAZINE HOLDER
-----.
TRIGGER
INTERMEDIATE GEAR
SAFETY LUG
The assembly includes a pair of hydraulic shock absorbers, a rear sliding gun support, firing controls, and a bracket for the illuminated sight Mk 9 or Mk 9 Mod. 1. REFERENCES: 0. T. I. V- 14-43, 0. H. I. V-5-43, 0. P. 865 (1944), 0. P. 1070 (1945) Dwgs: 375918, SK 108830 Stock No. 1-A-68-13
SAFETY
Back Guard and Trigger Assembly The gun mount adapter type E-11, shown on Plate 116-1028, was the same as the Mk 6 Mod. 3 except for the use of 2 triggers and absence of the illuminated sight bracket. Components of the Mk 6 Mod. 3 are shown on Plate 116-1479. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1478
260
MAGAZINE HOLDER FRONT SUPPORT HYDRAULIC SHOCK UNIT - - - - - - - ,
AMMUNITION MAGAZINE HOLDER
MAGAZINE HOLDER FITTING
YOKE MOUNTING -----. FITTING \11.~;;;;;.\-;;;~,t~\0...-_gi
Additional data on this assembly is given on P late No. 116- 1478.
GUN REAR SUPPORT
The Mk 6 Mod. 3 became the Mk 6 Mod. 4 by the addition of the integral switch and modified lug.
BEARER BARS BACK GUARD SUPPORT - - - .
KNOB ASSEMBLY
HAND GRIPS _
\ . - - - SIGHT BRACKET __,
The Mk 1 switch could be used on other Navy adapters, such as the Mk 9andMk 10Mods. 2 and 3. The integral switch could be used with the Mk 10 Mod. 2 becoming the Mk 10 Mod. 4, and the Mk 10 Mod. 3, becoming Mk 10 Mod. 5.
LEFT LUG
Integral microphone switch as built into the Mk 6 Mod. 4 Adapter. Mk 1 Microphone Switch
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1479
Mk 6 Mod 3 AND Mk 6 Mod 4 GUN MOUNT ADAPTER, COMPONENTS Caliber .50
261
Mk 8 Mod 1 GUN MOUNT ADAPTER Caliber .5 0
SPACERS
BEARER BARS
[ GUN REAR SUPPORT BRACKET
SLIDE
®~/
TAPPED HOLES FOR SECURING AFTER END OF ADAPTER TO MOUNTING STRUCTURE OF PLANE
The Navy Recoil Cradle Mk 8 Mod. 1 was used with the Cal. . 50 B. A.M. Gun in aircraft turrets. It included a pair of hydraulic shock absorbers and installation provisions. This adapter was heavier and sturdier than the Mk 8 which it replaced. REFERENCES: OP 865 (1944), OP 1070 (1945) Dwgs: 320115, SK 90882. Stock No. 1-A- 69 - 17. Weight 6 lbs.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1480
262
· Mk 9 GUN MOUNT ADAPTER Caliber .30
TRUNN IO NS LEFT SUPPORT ARM
AMMUNITIO N BRACKET
SPRING S
This cradle, pintle and ammunition box holder assemblyw as used in Navy aircraft types VPB, VOS, VTB, and VSO. A caliber .30 B. A. M. Gun and ammunition magazine holder Mk 1 or Mk 7 were used with this mount.
ADAPTER LATCH
SPRING LATCH
YOKE
MOUNTING BOLTS (NOTE SIZE DIFFERENCE)
LATCH PIN
REFERENCES: 0. P. 865 (1944) 0. P. 1070 (1945) Dwgs: 272666 SK. 90459 Weight: 4.3 lbs. Stock No. 1- A- 67 - 10
The microphone switch Mk 1 shown on Plate 116-1479 could be used with this 2.dapter. The C. G. was approximately at the trunnion in this assembly.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1481
263
Mk 10 GUN MOUNT ADAPTER, CAL. . 50 BAM
The Mk 10 recoil cradle and pintle assembly was the same as the Mk 10 Mod. 2 noted on Plate 116- 1484, except for the three following differ ences: 1. The Mk 10 had a bracket for the telescopic sight Mk 5, while the Mk 10 Mod. 2 used a bracket for the Mk 9 or Mk 9 Mod. 1 sights . 2. The back recoil guard was of an older design, with an inter ference with the gun charger handle. 3. The shoulder support materials were improved on the Mk 10 Mod. 2. Modifications to permit Mk 9 sights to replace the Mk 5 sight are covered in Navord OTI- V 15-43. NavordOrdalt 1724 covers changing the Mk 10 adapter to the Mk 10 Mod. 2. Either the ammunition box holder shown at the left or the Stock No. 1- H- 1952, which did not have a box latch, could be used with this mount.
Holder, Magazine, for Magazine Mark 5, Stock No. 1-H- 1951. This was used on the Mk 10 and the Mk 6 Mod. 3 adapters. REF: Dwg. 298640. Weight 2.2 lbs. 264 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1483
Mk 10, Mod 3, GUN MOUNT ADAPTER, CAL. . 50 BAM ILLUMINATED SIGHT MARK 9- - - - - -
HOUSING PLATE
SIGHT BRACKET - - - - BACK GUARD - - - - , CHEST PAD - - - - - , SHOULDER PAD
- - - YOKE ' - - - - - - -TRIGGER - - -HAND GRIP ASSEMBLY ;...___ KNURLED SET SCREW
- - - - - - REAR SUPPORT
The Mk 10 Mod. 3 recoil cradle and pintle assembly was used on the Navy PBY-5, PBY-5A and PBN-1 airplanes in waist gun positions. Either an ammunition magazine holder or flexible feed chute attachment fittings were used as required by the specific installation. The illuminated sight Mk 9 or Mk 9 Mod. 1 was used in the bracket provided. A gun mount adapter latch, Stock No. 1-L- 150, secured the adapter to the structure of the aircraft. REFERENCES: OP 865 (1944), OP 1070 (1945). 0. H. I. V-4-43, 0. T. I. V-15-43. Dwg. Bell Aircraft Co. 03-099-001. Additional data on the Mk 10 Mod. 3 is given on Plate 116-1484. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1482
265
HYDRAULIC SHOCK UNITS
FRONT HAND GRIP
Mk 10, Mods 1- 5, GUN MOUNT ADAPTERS, COMP ONE NTS, CAL. . 50
YOKE- - - - - - - , .
BACK GUARD SUPPORT
HAND GRIP AND TRIGGER ASSEMBLY
Mk 10 Mod. 3 Adapter Caliber . 50 Components
Integr al Switch, in Mk. 10 Mod. 5
This gr oup of re coil cradle and pi ntl e assemblies consis tedof s ix variations , as follows: Mk 10: R. H. feed (Navy nomenclature calls this "Left Hand Firing") described on Plate 116- 1483. Mk 10 Mod. 1: L. H. feed version of Mk 10, hand grip and shoulder pads not interchangeable. The Mk 10 Mod. 1 adapters were changed to Mk 10 Mod. 3 by NAVORD ORDALT 1724. Mk 10 Mod. 2: Stock No. 1- A- 68 - 24. Bell Aircraft Dwg. 03 - 099 - 001. R. H. feed version of Mk 10 Mod. 3. O.P. 865 (1944) states the components of both are interchangeable; 0. P. 1070 (1945) states grip and pad are not. Mk 10 Mod. 3: Stock No. 1- A- 68 - 26. Dwg: Bell 03 - 099 - 002, L. H. feed, de tailed on Plate 116- 1482 and above. Mk 10 Mod. 4: Same as Mk 10 Mod. 2 except for addition of integral switch in L. H. grip, similar to view above. Mk 10 Mod. 5: Same as Mk 10 Mod. 3 except for addition of integral switch in R. H. grip, as shown in view above. The microphone switch shownonPlate 116- 1479 could be added to those adapters not having an integral switch. REFERENCES: 0. P. 865(1944), 0. P. 1070(1945), 0. H. I. V- 4- 43, 0. T. I. V- 15 - 43. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-141l4
266
Mk 12 and TYPE C- 16 GUN MOUNT ADAPTERS, CAL . . 30
Mk 12 Adapter with Caliber .30 BAM Gun.
Type C- 16 Adapter These adapters used either open fore post sight Type A- 4or Mark 6 Mod. 1 and rear ring sight Type B- 10 or Mark 12 Mod. 1. Telescope sight Mark 5 Mod. 1 could be used on the sight bracket.
The Mk 12 recoil cradle and pintle assembly was the same as the C- 16 except for the pintle yoke de tail and the addition of an ammo magazine holder . The Mk 12 adapter was used in the tunnel gun position of the PBN - 1 plane .
Mk 12 Adapter, Major Components Mk 12 References: Bu Ord Dwg. 320160, 0. P. 865 (1944), 0. P. 1070 (1945) Stock No. 1-A-67-15. Weight: 14 lbs. Type C-16 References: AAF Dwg. 40K3852, AAF Tech Order 11-10-14. Weight 8 · 7 lbs. NOVILLE P late No. 116-1485 267
Mk 13 CAL. . 50 M2 BAM GUN MOUNT ADAPTER TURRET TYPE
KETAINER RING
----------~~
OUTER SLEEVE - - -
This annular recoil absorber is a spring hydraulic unit that resembles the AN-E10 spring units hown on Plate 116 - 1492.
REFERENCES: 0. P. 865 (1944) 0. P. 1070 (1945) Stock No.1 -A- 69 - 21 Dwg: 375032 Weight: 5.25 lbs.
NAME PLATE - - ----. VANE BLEEDER SCREW COVER -------.... SPRINGS - - - - - . . . . BLEEDER SCREW WASHER - - - - - . . . . SEAL ASSEMBLY ---.... RETAINING SNAP RING - - - VALVE RETAINER ----4'l~~~ (PISTON) RECOIL VALVE ---===:::::::::::...::::......_-41 ASSEMBLIES
- - - - COUNTER RECOIL VALVE ASSEMBLIES
RECOIL SPRINGS
LOWER SPRLNG RETAINER
INNER SLEEVE
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1493
268
CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber .50 Used in the MK1 MOD 0 Container shown on Plate 116-1781.
DE TA IL A FRONT TRUNNION ASSEM. 451009 H[Xf ASSUII!ILY 4 61 ) 015 R[F[R TO; ll lU $. 415134) tLWS . 461S47
t.IARf( I M00- 0 .50 CAliBER SINGLf. GUtl CONTAINER
FRONT TR II NNION INSTALLATION
Cradle lowered for gun insertion
DETAIL B CRADLE ASSEMBLY 461307 ASU:WILY 4st21 4 l'lUU TO:IlLUS. 41 134)
fr( [ )(f
'~
I
. AHt60-.U tl
....... ,.•• ~
~
I
- - -(" 0
~
~
. .:
f~ ~ ~=~:;-;I ACtf'S .)l-4WIII:£ I Rf O.
MARK 1 MOO.O
.50 CALIBER SINGLE GUN CONTAIN ER
BORE SIGHT IN STALLAT ION CUTAWAY VIEW REFER TO: ENG. DWG . 439ZI4 ILLUS . 461345
The front trunnion pintle assembly was provided with quick dis connect knobs for gun removal. -The rear cradle support included rapid bore sight ad justment provisions to suit the various bomb racks in which the container was sus pended and a quick discon nect for lowering the cradle for gun removal.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1 782
269
TYPE C-12 AIR CORPS CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLIES
Type C- 12 Adapter with ammunition Box Holder Type H- 1 and Caliber .30 Machine Gun.
Type C- 12 Gun Mount Adapter Weight 5. 5 lbs. This Air Corps cradle and pintle assembly, Type C- 12, was interchangeable with the Navy gun mount adapter Mk 1 by substitution of a yoke, AAF Part 37D4926. C- 12 References: AAF Tech Order 11 - 10 - 9. AAF Dwg. 37G4926 Navy: Stock No. 1- A-104 - 310, O.P.865 (1944)
The assembly at the left consists of a cal. . 30 Ml918Ml B. M.G. with a modified Type C- 12 Adap ter and Type H1 ammunition box holder. This as sembly, with a depression stop added on the cradle and threaded pintle was used on the T13 Scout Car, as shown on Plate 116-1056.
APG 36274 (1937)
The C-12 modified adapter directly above has goose-neck shaped pintle arms with a screw tipped pintle shaft for bolting to the pintle socket of the mating carriage assembly used on the T13 Scout Car. The adapter shown below has a straight armed pintle with an annular locking groove on the pintle shaft. r
APG 36272 (1937)
APG 36273 (1937)
The caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun Model M1919A4 is shown above with an Army Air Corps Adapter (G1) for the M1918M1 gun. Interference of the cradle with the charging handle and misalignment of the ammunition box with the gun feed way prevented the use of this combination. The M1919A4 and M1918Ml Machine Guns were not interchangeable in these cradles. NOVILT.E Plat«:> No. 116-1054 270
GUN MOUNT ADAPTER TYPE AN-E - 10 (E-1 0) (Mk 15)
AN- E-10 shown with Caliber .50 BAM Gun. OUTER HALF RING
OUTER RING - - - - - - - - - - . OUTER HALF RING FOLLOWER PLATE ----=~~~~
View of Typical Installation of AN-E - 10 in Aircraft Turret. TAPPED HOLE - - - - '
< - - - OUTER SLEEVE (~ CUT AWAY)
~---------- OUTER COLLAR
This recoil absorbing adapter as sembly was designated the Mark 15 by the Navy, and the Type E-10 by the Air Force. When used on the M2 Cal. . 50 BAM Gun, the trunnion adapter C4052, which was furnished with the gun, was removed. The AN-E - 10 was similar in appearance to the Mk 13 shown on 116-1493, except that the Mk 13 was a hydraulic unit. Both were interchangeable as complete assemblies. The tapped holes along the center line of the adapter were used as the forward gun mounting holes.
OUTER HALF RING
TAPPED HOLE _ _ _ ___/ INNER SLEEVE
(J4
CUT AWAY)
SPLINED FLANGE - - - - - - - - - -
AN- E-10 REFERENCES:
0. P. 865 (1944), 0. P. 1070 {1945). Navy Stock No. 1- A- 67 - 300. 0. T. I. V -1 8-43, AAF Tech Order 11-10- 5, AAF Dwg. 41B2679, Bu Ord Dwg. 328862, Edgewater Steel Co. Report 431. Weight: 5. 5 lbs.
NOVILLE Pial!! No. 116-1492
271
EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT MOUNTING CRADLES Caliber . 60 Two aircraft mounting cradles were designed and manufactur ed by Naval Bureau of Ordnance in 1944 for mounting of cal. . 60 aircraft machine gun T17E3. They were made of light aluminum alloy frame with a grooved clamp at the front end for the recoil adapter and a fixture at the rear end for the rear mounting bracket. Both cradles were designed to be assembled on a standard Navy cal. . 50 quick release mount attachments. Navy type
APG A12601 ( 44)
!
One cradle was provided with Navy slide type rear mounting bracket, and the other was provided with an Army type rear mounting bracket. These cradles were tes ted at APG in 1944. From these te sts it was concluded that these cradles equipped with Navy and Army rear type mounting brackets were equal in performanc e. Ref: APG 5082/332 (1944)
View showing machine gun fastened in Army type cradle. N()VTLT I<' Dl<>to Nn
11A _ 1Adfl
APG A12602 (1944) ').7').
AIRCRAFT WAIST WINDOW GUN MOUNTS -.50 CALIBER
Outside view - K- 6 Mount in firing position
Inside view - K - 6 Mount installed
Outside view - K - 6 Mount in stowed position The Cheyenne Modification Center Gun Mount was installed in right waist window of B- 17G aircraft . It consisted of a modified K- 5 Gun Mount with spiral springs mounted in the structure of the window. Due to restricted visibility, this mount was found inferior to the K-6 Gun Mount.
In~ide view of Cheyenne Modification Waist W1ndow Mount in stowed position. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1833
273
Tests we r e made at Eglin Field in 1943 to determine the most suitable w a i s t w i n do w mounts for the B- 17G type aircraft which did not have staggered windows. The K - 6 Gun Mount was installed in the left waist window. The ammunition box was forward and slightly higher than the gun. An N- 8 sight was installed on the gun. It was recommended that the K - 6 Mount be made standard for B- 17G aircraft without staggered windows and the Cheyenne Modification be made alternate standard equipment. REF: AAFPGC, Final Report, Serial No. 2- 43- 94 (1943)
Cheyenne Modification Mount in firing position.
SECTION 3
DIVISION B MULTIPLE WEAPON CRADLES, ARMY ORDNANCE
Multiple weapon cradles suitable for use on concentric ring mounts, short pedestal mounts, and ground mounts are included in this section. The use of Browning type machine guns in multiple mounts presented certain operational problems, particularly with the caliber ..50 gun. As noted in the discussion of the previous section, the heavy barrel machine guns are recoil oper ated with very limited extraneous recoil energy. Any vibration or out- of- phase gun motion which interferes with the recoil action of the bolt seriously reduces the gun's rate of fire or causes malfunction. The caliber .30 machine gun is not as critical in operation, since it uses a muzzle booster device which materially aids in minimizing the effect of out-of- phase recoil vibration. The caliber .50 machine gun, on the other hand, does not use such a booster device and is more susceptible to mount vibration. This is not so apparent in the aircraft type of gun which has a light barrel and high rate of fire with subsequent excess recoil energy; however, the heavy barreled weapon does have problems. When such guns are carried in multiple in a single mount, the recoil action of one gun can seriously affect the recoil action of the adjoining gun due to energy transfer through the cradle. The Navy had developed multiple mounts which utilized recoil type cradles using hydraulic or friction spring shock units. However, these were for use with the aircraft type machine gun and did not work effectively with heavy barreled guns. The Navy multiple weapon cradles are detailed in Section 4 of this Division.
275
EX-PERIMENTAL TWIN MACHINE GUN CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber .50
Installation on M4A3 Medium Tank. The front and rear gun locking pins of this assembly were housed in "Fabreeka" bushings to minimize cross -recoil effects. APG Report 5676/42 (1945) concluded that this cradle and pintle assembly was unsatisfactory for simultaneous firing due to excessive stoppages attributed to inability of the test bushings to function pro perly. Firing tests were conducted on the M4A3 medium tank and the M20 Armored Utility Car, 6 x 6. REFERENCES:APG 5676/32, 33, 34, 41, 42 . OCO - D Proj. KG- 6- 15. APG Proj.6267.
Experimental Cradle and Pintle Assembly Details NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1197 276
APG A28942 (19 45)
EXPERIMENTAL TWIN CAL. . 50 CRADLE & PINTLE ON PEDESTAL MOUNT
APG 51305 {41)
Front View APG 51301 (41)
• 60° Elevation APG 51303 (41) J. Day Gun Mount
Three quarter rear view APG 51300 (41) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1235
277
DEVELOPMENT OF TWIN CALIBER .50 MACHINE GUN CRADLE ASSEMBLIES It was determined during the development of the M66 (T106 ) Ring Mount that the item was of sufficient rigidity and stability to support the firing forces of twin mounted caliber .50 flexible machine guns. The earlier investigations of the T86 ring mount and its counterpart, the Navy Mk 17 Ring Mount, in 1943 (APG 5676/8 ) showed that the Mk 9 cradle which was a component of the Mk 17 Mount, was only satisfactory for firing the aircraft type machine gun and did not work effectively with the heavy barrel guns. This cradle had been originally designed for mounting two caliber .50 aircraft machine guns on slides, the movement of which was limited by hydraulic shock units and reduced the recoil shock by combining the function of a hydraulic piston with the reaction of a recoil spring, and so no heavy barrel weapon cradle was available.
Accordingly, a series of experimental twin caliber .50 cradle and pintle assemblies were developed to fit the T106 (M66 ) ring mount illustrated on Plate 116-1511. This series of experimental cradles were designated as follows: First pilot model - The first pilot model was fabricated without recoil devices in the hope that the structural strength incorporated into the basic design of the cradle could eliminate gun firing interferences. Nine modifications of this pilot model were made. In one of these modifications Bell Aircraft hydraulic shock units were incorporated, for although they had not proven satisfactory for heavy barrel weapons mounted on the Mark 9 cradle, the first pilot model cradle was much more rigid and massive and it was thought that this would reduce the interference. Second pilot model - The second pilot model was a major variation of the first pilot in which the Edgewater springs were incorporated. Springs of this type are also shown on Plate No. 116- 1492. These first springs were mounted on the guns directly, but were unsatisfactory in that such mounting made the gun unsuitable for ground use. Also, it was found that the adjustment of each spring assembly to match the gun characteristics was difficult and time consuming. Consideration was given to incorporating the ring springs as an integral part of the cradle, but this variation was never attempted and the report 5676/32 notes the possibility that an adequate ring spring system might have been worked out. A variation of this second pilot model was made in which the Schleret or horse-shoe shaped springs were incorporated and these appeared to radically improve gun performance. Third pilot model - With the initial success of the Schleret springs a third pilot model was designed and fabricated particularly to incorporate these recoil devices. This third pilot model is shown on Plate No. 116-1518. Here the adaptor was designed not only to counteract the recoil forces but to serve as a vibration damper and completely
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1511T-1
278
DEVELOPMENT OF TWIN CALIBER .50 MACHINE GUN CRADLE ASSEMBLIES (Cont'd) isolate the weapons from one another. Tests of this mount are covered in the APG Reports 5676/32, - /33, and - /41. Fourth pilot model - The fourth pilot model was also fabricated with Schleret type springs and one set of horizontal hand grips at the top of the gun. The ammunition box holders were located so that the center of gravity of the assembly was at the pintle pivot point. Originally, the equilibrators were designed to provide balance with a half filled box of ammunition, the boxes hanging straight outboard of the feedway. However the variation in weight of two caliber .50 ammunition boxes was such that the equilibration was constantly changing. Thus, the ammunition supply was angled aftward and upward to place the center of gravity at the pintle trunnions. This fourth major variation in cradle design was noted as the final pilot model. It is illustrated on Plate No. 116- 1514. Production pilot model - The production model was the fifth in the design series and incorporated an improved adjustment system for the equilibrator, travel lock characteristics and trigger assembly. This production model is shown on Plate No. 116- 1517. As a result of all this development, it was recommended that the production pilot model of this mount be standardized for use. Twin Caliber .50 Cradle References: APG Reports OP 5676/25, - /32, - /33, - /41.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1511T-2
279
T106 (M66) CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT This r oller bearing concentric ring mount was developed from the T86 and Navy Mk 17 twin gun mounts shown on Plate 116 - 1509. It was later standardized as the M66. The M66 mount is shown in Plate 116-1513. The T1 06used a 42" diameter ring and weighed 250 pounds, without cradle or ammunition. A later development, the T106E1, was similar to the T106 except that the basic ring diameter was decreased to 41" and ball bearings were used. APG A4634 (1944) - T106 Ring Mount with M2 HB Cal. . 50 Machine Gun on thirdpilot modelcradle (Plate 116- 1514) and 400 round ammunition boxes.
APG A7871 (1944) - T106 Production Pilot Ring Mount and 080030 Cradle and Pintle Assembly (Plate 116- 1240).
APG A4640 (1944) - T106 Mount with Third Pilot Cradle and Caliber . 50 M2 100 Round Ammunition Boxes.
APG Report 5676/33 noted that the T1 06 mount was sufficiently stable to support the reaction of twin caliber . 50 machine guns firing but at that time no cradle was available to adequately carry two heavy barrel guns. The earlier T86 and the Mk 17 mounts had only been found suitable for the aircraft type guns. To meet possible future needs for twin gun mounts, development was initiated on a series of pilot twin cradle models incorporating various recoil damping devices. T106 RING MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 23223, AFF Bd 2 Proj. 632 APG Reports 5676/25, /27, /28 5676/31, /33, /41 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1511
280
EXPERIMENTAL 1WIN CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY, FIRST P ILOT Developed from the Mk 9 Cradle & Pintle Assembly shown on Plate 116- 1508.
Installation on M20 Armored Utility Car. APG 89706. The cradle alone of this as sembly weighed 190 lbs. It had an elevation range of - 25 o to+87°, andcouldbeusedwith either the aircraft or heavy barrel M2 Cal. . 50 Browning Machine Guns. This experimental cradle and pintle assembly was the first pilot model in the pro posed development of a twin cal. . 50 unit. It was as sembled without recoil de vices, but with the basic shape and design features desired. According to APG Report 5676/32 this assembly was used to determine the required characteris tics for recoil absorbers. It underwent nine modifi cations. APG 89710 The ring mount T1 06 on which this cradle was installed is shown on Plate 116- 1511. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1512
281
EXPERIMENTAL 'IWIN CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY, THIRD PILOT
APG A4639 - Mount with M2 100 Round Ammunition Box
APG A463 5 - Mount with 400 Round Ammunition Box.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1518
APG 15744 282
The third pilot model was fabricated specifically for the Schleret spring re coil devices. These springs consisted of two opposed sets of three eccentrically nestled springs of different thicknesses, each cut to fit a sliding wedge acting as a thrust block between them. This assembly was held in place in the cradle housing by a small coil spring to center the pincer springs against the tapered block adjusting mechanism. Under gun fire reaction, the load is transmitted through the sliding wedge and is picked up successively by each spring. Recoil and counter - recoil reactions are damped in the same manner.
APG Report 5676/2 notes that both single and horizontally divided springs were tested and it was found that the single springs were sufficient. Both ring sights and the Navy Mark9 reflex sight were tried dur ing various tests of the cradles with the use of the M18 reflex sight fi nally suggested. In addition to variations in recoil devices minor variations in the pilot models were made to test coil springs such as were used in the M46 and Mark 22 twin mounts, hydraulic absorbers, rubber bushed trunnions, and similar devices; the final result that the Schleret spring was the most suitable of the devices tested for this application.
EXPERIMENTAL TWIN CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY FOURTH PILOT MODEL
APG A13787 - Fourth Pilot Cradle with M2 HB BMG's on T106 Ring Mount.
APG 13781 (1944) - Cradle, View Looking Aft.
·T his cradle and pintle assembly was the fourth of the series . It incorporated the Schleret spring re coil devices and was equipped with a single horizontal pair of trigger and handgrip handles as compared to the double set of handles used on the third pilot model. A problem had existed with the pintle traverse freedom, due to the moment in curred when only one gun was fired the ring tended to rotate. Accordingly, pintle motion was eliminated and all traverse motion was accom plished by the ring. The ammunition trays, D90078, were mounted in a bracket position at an angle of 24 o to the vertical and pointed aftward at an angle which put the center of gravity approximately on the line of the pintle trunnions. This nullified the effect of the 70 lb. variation weightof two M2 ammunition boxes, full or empty, which had previously hampered gun balance and handling characteristics .
Off center alignment bushings were used to provide bore sighting adjustments. The traverse adjustment detail is shown above, on the left, in APG A15743 while the elevation adjustment detail is shown on the right. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1514
283
EXPERIMENTAL 1WIN CRADLE & PINTLE ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION PILOT MODEL
APG A24908 (1945)
Production Pilot Twin Cal. . 50 Cradle
T26E3 Heavy Tank.
APG A21442
T8E1 Recon. Vehicle
APG A24902
The fifth major variation in cradle and pintle assembly is shown above. Among other changes , it added a worm gear adjustment for the equilibrator, improved the travel lock, and made it possible to fire both guns with either hand. It is shown above installed on the D7054340 pedestal of the T26E3 heavy tank and in the M66 ring mount on the T8E1 reconnaissance vehicle. It was also tested on the M24A2 pedestal mount of the 3/4 ton 4 x 4 truck, on the M66 ring mount of the M4 medium tractor, the M20 armored utility car, and the M7 motor generator trailer.
All the pilot models used a pintle shaft similar to that of 7068880 shown on Plate No. 116 - 1093, which was of sufficient dimensions and rigidity to adequately carry the heavier loads involved by the twin gun requirements. Many types of mount triggers also were investigated. A twist grip of the type used by the caliber . 50 AA ground mount, M3, was tried as well as the trigger mechanism of the German MG 3 4 twin mount. Neither was successful and a lever squeeze grip type was finally selected. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1517
284
T165 QUAD CALIBER .30 GROUND MOUNT
RIA 2006 - 21096 (1951) Assembly shown without ammuni tion boxes.
RIA 2006 21095 Pintle Detail Cradle Assembly on base. RIA 2006 - 21094 (1951) . The T165 Mount, Multiple Machine Gun, Caliber .30, consisted of the four legged base from the M63 Anti - aircraft Ground Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1254, a welded iron cradle assembly and ammunition box rack, an elevating turn buckle, a single trigger control and four Ml919A4 caliber .30 Browning Machine Guns. REFERENCES: RIA 2006 - 21092, 21097, 21093.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1680
285
MG81 WITH AIRCRAFT & QUAD A. A. GROUND MOUNT -
GERMAN
APG A51067 ( 48) FMAR 1070 Aircraft machine guns, caliber 7. 92 mm, MG81 used on quadruple ground mount for antiaircraft use. APG 82268 ( 43)
To the left and below, the MG81 is shown in a dual aircraft mount. The MG81 was installed bythe Germans in twin mountings - on the Bola 81 Z, and singly in the JU - 88- A4, FW- 189 and MEllO.
APG 82268 ( 1943)
APG 82267 ( 1943) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1776
286
DIVISION B
SECTION 4
MULTIPLE WEAPON CRADLES, NAVY AND AIR CORPS
These multiple weapon cradles were similar to the single cradles shown in Section 2, except for the utilization of link and feed chute adapter s to adequately feed ammunition and guide expended cases and links. The caliber .30 mounts wer e relatively compact because of the use of aircraft type guns capable of inter changeable feeding and charging from either the right or left side. There were several German multiple mounts for the 7.92mm M34 gun which were capable of being very compactly grouped as twin or quadruple mounts for both aircraft and anti- aircraft use. Unfortunately, these are not illustrated, but several examples of these groupings are on exhibit in the Aberdeen Proving Ground Museum.
287
Mk 9 1WIN GUN CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber . 50 Aircraft Machine Guns
LIN K SUPPORT
LATCH SUPPORT
CHUT E
POST
REAR TRUNNION
BACK PLATE
SUPPORT
0.50 - INCH CRADLE, MARK 9 - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
The Mk 9 Cradle was used on the Mk 17, Mk 17 Mod. 1, Mk 17 Mod. 2 and Mk 17 Mod. 3 Mounts, shown on Plates 116-1506 and 1507. An improved cradle, the Mk 9 Mod. 2, was used on the Mk 17 Mod. 4 Mount. The Cradle assembly included hydraulic re coil shock absorbing units, and the guns could be fired by either or both hands. The Mk 9 Cradle was tested in the T86 Ring Mount, as shown on Plate No. 116-1509. An experimental cradle, shown on Plate No. 116- 1512 and based on the design of the Mk 9 Cradle, was designed to satisfy Army requirements.
REFERENCES: Dwgs. 91336 and 325123.
Loading the Mk 17 Mod. 1 Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1508
APG A1378 (1944) 288
Mk 14 1WIN GUN MOUNT ADAPTER Caliber .30
The Mk 14 recoil cradle and pintle assembly was used in the bow turret of the PBY- 5 and PBY-5A Navy airplanes.
The Mk 14 adapter was the same as the Mk 11 Mod. 4 shown on Plate 116- 1488 except for the following differences: The continuous feed units are of a slightly different design and are located closer to the pintle centerline. The face armor support, the rear and forward ring and post sights have been removed. The Mk 14used the Mk 9 or Mk 9 Mod 1 illuminated sight on a different brac ket. Mk 14 References: 0. P. 865(1944) , 0. P. 1070 (1945), Stock No. 1- A- 67 - 100. 0. H. I. V-1-43, 0. C. L. V- 17- 43, 0. T. I. V- 25 - 43. 0. M. I. V- 10- 44. Dwgs: 375914, SK 108829. Weight: 22 lbs. The Mk 14 Mod. 1 is the same astheMk 14with theexceptionof theuse ofnewer type microphone and gun camera switches, installed in accordance with NAVORD 0. M. I. V-5-44. NOVILLE Pl a ll! No. 116-1490
289
Mk 11 Mods 1-5, 'IWIN GUN MOUNT ADAPTERS, CAL . . 30 FRONT SUPPORT
UPPER CONTINUOUS FEED UNIT
SPRING -PNEUMATIC SHOCK UNIT - - - - . .
Used on SBD type aircraft.
LINK CHUTE -------....
Used with: Gun Camera Type ANand Gun Camera Mount Mark 3 Mod. 1, on the R. H. Gun.
SIGHT BRACKET
The feed units are shown on 116- 1489. References: 0. P. 865, (194 4). 0. P. 1070, (1945). GUN REAR SUPPORT BEARER BARS
Mk11 Mod. 4 Components, shown to the left.
'------ ARMOR PLATE SUPPORT ' - - - - - - - REAR SUPPORT ~------- BACK
GUARD
: : - - - - - - - - R E A R SIGHT NOTE GROOVE IN BEARER BAR TO ENGAGE REAR SUPPORT BOLT
The Mk 11 twin cal. . 30 cradle and pintle assemblies were made in the four fol lowing variations : Mk 11 Mod. 1: Same as Mod. 4 except without armor plate support and ring and post sights. Mod. 1 used telescopic sight Mk 5. Mk 11 Mod. 2: Same as Mod. 4 except that the sight bracket is further aft and mounting hole is horizontal. Mk 11 Mod. 3: Same as Mod. 2 except that the sight bracket is shorter and hinged. The Mod. 3 was converted to Mod. 4 by NAVORD OMI V3-43 and NAVORD OTI GV22-43. A view of the Mod. 3 is shown on Plate 116-1487. Mk 11 Mod. 4: Shown on Plate 116-1487 and detailed above. Mk 11 Mod. 5: Same as Mod. 4 except for newer type microphone and gun camera switches, installed in accordance with NAVORD OMI-V- 5-44. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1481:! 290
Mk 11, Mods 3 & 4, '!WIN GUN MOUNT ADAPTERS, CAL . . 30
Mk 11 Mod. 3, Stock No. 1- A- 67 - 80, with Two Cal. .3 0 BAM M2 Guns. REFERENCES: Dwg. 329516, Bell Aircraft Co. NXS403, Weight 30 lbs.
CAMERA
SWITCH
Mk 11 Mod. 4 with One Cal. .3 0 BAM Gun. SIGHT BRACKET
LINK CHUTE YOKE
TRIGGER
FOLDING POST BEAD SIGHT MK 1 MOD 1
HAND GRIP REAR MOUNTING BOLT
FRONT SUPPORT
Mk 11 Mod. 4 Assembly. REF: Dwgs. 389088, SK 108866. Additional data on these recoil cradle and pintle assemblies are given on Plate 116- 1488. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1487
291
Mk 17 AND MODS TWIN MACHINE GUN MOUNTS, NAVY Caliber .50 This Navy mount was a manually operated concentric ring mount with two caliber . 50 Browning Aircraft Machine Guns. It was used on Naval boats andships such as the air craft rescue boat P270. The Mk 17, with the Ordnance designation T86, was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground, and is discussed on Plate No. 116- 1509. The Mark 17 Mod. 1 mount differed from the Mk 17 in the use of a newer track bearing, brake, catch and cover. T he Mk 17 Mod. 2 was APG A540 (1944) identical to the Mod. 1 except for the fixed bearing rack and outer bear ing shield. The mount carriage became the Mk 9 Mod. 2 instead of Mod. 1. The Mk 17 Mod. 3 incorporated improved pistol grip controls. The Mk 17 Mod. 4 used the Mk 9 Mod 2 twin gun cradle.
AD JUSTABLF HAND BRAKE
GUNS MAY B E SECURE D
IN E ITH ER VERTICLE OR HORIZONT AL POSIT ION
SUPPORT STRUCTURE
REFERENCES: 0. P. 951 (1943) Mk 17 Dwgs.: 91340, 294019, 318379. Mk 17 Mod. 3 Dwgs. : 109118, 422720, 422721 Additional data on the Mk 17 Mod. 1 Mounts is given on Plate 116-1507. LOWER AMMUNITION GUIDE
AMMUNITION BOXES
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1506
292
Mk 17 MOD 1 TWIN MACffiNE GUN MOUNT, Cal.. 50 AMMUNITION GUIDE
The major components of the Mk 17 Mod. 1 consisted of:
(UPPER)
AMMUNITION GUIDE (LOWER)
Mk 9 Mod. 1 Carriage, (ring and base assem bly), Dwg. 91342.
CARTR IDGE BOX
Mk 9 Cradle and Pin tle Assembly, detailed on Plate 116 - 1508. Mk 11 Sight Assembly, Dwgs. 91335 and325140
BACK
AMMUNITION BOX
REST
Weights: Mount, without guns or shield: 495 2 guns: 130 1000 rounds: 300 Total: 925 pounds. Additional data on the Mk 17 Mounts is given on Plate No. 116- 1506.
STEP FOR SIGHTING IN
SPENT LINK AND
DEPRESSED POSITION
CARTRIDGE CONTAINER
PROTECT IVE COVER AND LIMIT STOP
RING SIGHT
COUNTERWEIGHT STOW ING LATCH
CARRIAGE
SPENT LINK CHUTE
TRACK
SECURING LATCH
BACK REST
TRACK BEARING ROLLER
SPENT LINK AND CARTRIDGE CONTAINER
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1507
293
T86 (NAVY Mk 17) 'IWIN GUN CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT Test installation on 3/4 ton 4 x 4 truck. The Mk 17 Navy Mount is detailed on Plates 116 - 1506, 1507, and 1508. T86 REFERENCES: OCM 21915 APG 82732 (1943)
APG 82730 (19 43 ) Report APG 5676/8 (1943) found that this mount, when installed on the 3I 4 Ton truck, had excessive dispersion. The basic design of the concentric ring was found desirable and further development was recommended, resulting in the smaller T106 concentric ring mount shown on Plate 116- 1511 and the cradle shown on Plate 116- 1512. The T86 mount was strengthenedand tested on the M5A1 Light Tank as shown on Plate No. 116- 1510. APG 82731 (1943) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1509
294
T86 (NAVY Mk 17) 'IWIN GUN CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT TEST INSTALLATION ON M5A1 LIGHT TANK Report APG 5676/8 (1943 ) noted that this mount could be used with the aircraft cal. . 50 guns, but not with the heavy barrel caliber . 50 that the Army was generally equipped with and the pintle and s ocket detail did not match any Army standard. This mount was considered good and merited re design to suit Army require ments. APG APG APG APG
Detail of added center stiffener and tubular bracing. The corrugated flexible tube ejected case guide was found to jam occasionally with empty cases, and frequently with complete rounds. 295 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1510
83294 83292 85233 85232
(1943) Top Center Bottom Left Below
Detail of ejected link receiver, upper continuous feed unit, and lower continuous feed unit. Cor responding caliber . 30 units are shown on 116-1489 and 116- 1491.
DIVISION B
SECTION 5
SHIELDED CRADLE ASSEMBLIES
.
The shielded cradle assemblies of the type illustrated in this section were usually mounted on short pedestal or bracket mounts. Such shielded mounts were used extensively by both the Germans and Russians, particularly the former on their tactical vehicles. A unique mount of this type was the remote controlled, short pedestal mount used by the Germans on their Panzer Jeager Tank Destroyer as shown in Division E, Section 5. The United States made extensive use of mounts of this type on their amphibious vehicles. All these mounts were unique in that the shield was carried on the pintle assembly and separate from the cradle. This greatly reduced the mass which the gunner had to move in elevation, but in turn required a large gun clearance slot which rendered the gunner susceptible to bullet splash and splinter fragments.
297
D706880 (MODIFIED) CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY, LVT-4
APG A12021 (1944) APG A19470 (1945) The D706880 shown here was a modification of the 7068880 cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate 116- 1093. The modification consisted of adding two lugs for the support of experimental shields for use on amphibious vehicles. These ar rangements without vision devices were developed into the 7069694 (M69 E) mount shown on Plate 116- 1496. These assemblies used the ammunition box tray, D90078, shown on Plate 116 - 1184. APG 5676/37, Project 2301 (1945), report on the test of the two types shown below, recommended 1/2" instead of 1/4" plate for the sides. This report also noted that these mounts were limited to beach harassing fire, and could not be used for AA fire due to lack of vision and limited maneuverability.
Experimental Shielded Mounts on LVT-4 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1495
298
APG A12019 (1944)
7069694 (M69E) SIUELDED BRACKET MOUNT Caliber .30 or . 50
This shielded bracket mount was used on the early production versions of the tracked landing vehicle Mk IV, LVT (4). While ORD 9 SNL A- 75 (19 51) called out this mount as 7069694, ORD 9 SNL A- 80 (1950) noted a possible earlier designation as M69 E. The mount consisted primarily of the shield 7069692, tray assembly D90078 and the cradle and pintle assembly 7069693 . This cradle and pintle assembly is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1494. 7069694 differed from the M69 s eries of shielded mounts in that no provision was made on the shield for inclusion of sighting equipment such as a vision block. The plate 116- 1495 shows a view of an LVT- 4 with an experimental shielded mount similar to D7069694 but with a vision block installed. REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 75 (1950) (1951)
TRAY, ASSYD9007 8
RA PD 130AA9
--
299
7326774 PINTLE & SHIELD ASSEMBLY Caliber .30
This-MountandShieldassemblywas used on Navy amphibious vehicles, LVT(A)(4) and LVT(A)(5). It consisted of a shield, a pintle, and an adaptor fitting into a fixed bracket mount of the type shown on Plates No. 116-1467 and 116- 1470. The pin and chain assemblies used on this mount are detailed on Plate No. 116- 1199. As illustrated, the shield was bolted to the pintle in three places, while the adaptor was held by the forward and rear pin assemblies. The adaptor was a welded bar assembly with two spikes to hold an expended case collection bag. No provisions were made to capture expended links.
REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 76 ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. l, 1952. USED ON: LVT (A)(4) Mark IV LVT (A)(5) Mark V
;.-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1468
300
--_.; sc
349259
M69 (M69D) SHIELDED BRACKET MOUNT Caliber .50
RAPD 152195
This gun mount, Ordnance P/N 7071174, was used on the late production tracked landing vehicles Mk IV, LVT ( 4). The early production vehicles used the mount 7069694 detailed on Plate 116 - 1496. These mounts differed from the 7069694 mount in that the shield 7071161 incorporated a vision block and a depression limit stop. Although the 7069693 cradle and pintle assembly (Plate 116 - 1494) and the ammuni tion tray assembly D90078 (Plate 116- 1184) we re components of both mounts, the M69 carried only the caliber . 50 BMG. The M70 Mount was used with the later LVT(4)'s for mounting the caliber .30 BMG. ORD 9 SNL A- 80 (1950) calls this mount the M69Dwhilethe0RD 8 SNL A- 80 (1952) calls out the mount as the M69 with no major change in the item Ordnance part number 7071174 or its components.
REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 80 (1950) ORD 8 SNL A- 80 (1952) ORD 3 SNL A-1, Section 1 (1952) OCM 28164 OCM 27830 SB9-1 (1952)
~· TRAY, ASSY090078
V
NOVILLF. Pl:~tP Nn _ 11fl-14QR
RAPD 152 198
301
TWIN CAL . . 30 MACHINE GUN MOUNT
This twin cal. . 30 machine gun mount was installed on the T87 l05mm Amphibian H. M. C. The shield with two vertical slits for the elevating action of the guns was attached to the pintle yoke.
The mount photo graphs on this plate are of a mock- up of this mount.
DA 2516 (1944)
DA 2522 (1944)
DA 2521 (1944)
T87 (1944) Amphibian H. M. C. REF: OCM 27785 DA 6951 Was adaptation of T86, 76mm to l05mm
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1631
DA 6952 (1946) 302
Twin Caliber .30 Machine Gun Mount installed on turret ofthe T87 l05mm Amphibian H. M. C. Machine guns not mounted. Also used Cal. . 50 Mount shown on Plate 116-1632.
PEDESTAL MOUNT, SHIELDED, GERMAN
A single MG. 34 was used in this shielded short pedestal mount. The pintle per mitted a limited amount of elevation, and the r otatable pedestal permitted traverse within the limits of the installation.
sc These mounts were used early in World War II on German pers onnel carriers.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1447
303
DIVISION B
SECTION 6
CRADLE COMPONENTS AND WEAPON ACCESSORIES
This section illustrates some of the weapon accessories which are generally required to complete a full armament system. Items of this nature are ammunition box holders, trays, ammunition boxes and drums, ammunition feeders and boosters, feed chutes, ejection link chutes and case chutes of both the fixed and flexible type, collection boxes and bags, mount covers, gun covers, and muzzle covers. The successful development of each of these accessory items was an important step in providing vehicular secondary armament, since the basic weapon was designed for infantry and not vehicular use. As an example, the extensive work culminating in the D90078 ammunition tray assembly, Plate 116- 1184, made possible the successful use of many shipboard and truck mounts.
305
EXPERIMENTAL CALIBER . 30 AMMUNITION BOXES These early ammunition boxes were designed for use on the Browning Aircraft Machine Guns Ml918 MK1 and Ml919 for use as a flexible wea pon.
APG 18220 (1923) "First" type ammu nition box.
APG 18217 (1923) "Second" type am munition box.
APG 18242 (1923) "Third" type ammunition box.
SA X108 Another type of ammunition box.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1 085
306
EXPERIMENTAL AMMUNITION BOXES
Caliber .30. and .50
APG 39529 ( 1940)
Experimental cal. .30 ammunition rack and container installed on cal. .30 BMG with telescopic sight. Weight: 45 lb, 4 oz.
APG 39530 (1940)
Experimental cal. . 50 ammunition rack and container installed on cal. .50 BMG with telescopic sight. Weight: 99.5 lb. Additional views of experimental ammunition boxes are shown on Plate 1161085.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1209
307
TAC EXPERIMENTAL HOLDER FOR Ml AMMUNITION BOX Caliber .3 0
A cupola installation using one of these holders is shown on Plate 116-1548.
View of TAC Holder for Ammunition Box, Ml.
APG 78668A
In the development work leading to the M48 Bracket Mount for use as the dash weapon mount on the 1/4 ton trucks, it was evident that the pintle (also used on M24 and M31 mounts) did not provide support for an ammunition supply to the machine gun. The Infantry Board required a 250 round M1 Ammunition Box (caliber .30) to be held directly at the gun feedway and needed a holder usable on the current ground tripods. A number of different holders were investigated; the TAC holder illustrated was a welded steel holder and cradle fastened directly to the gun: The APG Report 5676/20 (1944) states that it was rejected due to its relatively heavy weight and because it increased the time necessary to remove the gun from the M48 mount and place it upon a ground tripod. The E6288 Adapter, shown on Plate 116-1245, was subsequently developed to hold the M1 box and used on the M48 production mounts. REFERENCE: Report APG 5676/20 (1944)
RAPD 70377 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1248
308
AMMUNITION BOXES
APG A1043 Experimental, M1 & M2 Ammunition Box Holder for usewithMod. E10014 P intle Assembly Ref: APG 5676/23 ( 1944)
D7106063 Tray Assembly used on M49 Ring Mounts
RE INFORCEM£NT · Al41199
.
~;~
!.
&
8fAliNG · I· Al58099 RIYH. S.l
J .HD 3 32 X I .. \
This tray assembly was used experimentally with the 7046650 Cradle & Pintle assembly, on 7952500 Concentric Ring Mount, Plate 1161321. Ref: AFFB2 1P- 119 (1953).
D7460 Tray Assy. RA PD16975
Other Detailed Ammo Tray & Holder Assemblies : D90078 Ammo Tray Assemblies - Plate 116- 1184 D40731 Ammo Tray Assembly - Plate 116- 1185 TAC Experimental Holder for M1 Ammo Box - Plate 116- 1248 E6288 Adapter Holder for M1 Ammo Box - Plate 116- 1245
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1811
309
D38571 CAL .. 30 & D38607 CAL . . 50 AMMUNITION TRAYS
These ammunition trays we attached directly to the fee way of the machine guns a were used in conjunction wi the D38579 Pintle, shown Plates 116 - 1223 and 116 - 12~ The M24 Pedestal Mount sho1 on Plate 116 - 1224, used t D38571 Ammunition Tray, c: .30, when the cradle was r used and the machine gun a tached directly to the pint: APG 73454 (1942) M48 Bracket Mount with D38607 Ammunition Tray. Arrow indicates interference. The M31 Pedestal Mount, shown on Plate 116 -1226, used these ammunition trays; The D38571 ammunition tray with the caliber .30 Browning M1919A4 Flexible Ma chine Gun, and the D38607 ammunition tray with the caliber . 50 M2, HB, Flexible Machine Gun. REFERENCE: ORD SNL A- 55, Sec. 18 (1943); RAPD Photo 85343.
As illustrated here, and reported by APG 567f:V20 (1944), both trays were tried in the M 48 Bracket Mount, Plate Nu 116-1246, but were not adapted due to interferences and in sufficient ammunition capa city. The E6288 Adapter, detailed on Plate 116-1245, was de veloped to replace the D38571 ammunition tray. REFERENCE: APG Report 5676/20 (1944) APG 73452 (1942) M48 Bracket Mount with D38571 Ammunition Tray. Arrows indicate interference. ~10
E6288 ADAPTER, HOLDER, Ml AMMUNITION BOX '(/
ADAPTER, ASS'Y - E6288 A.- BRACKET. ASS'Y - C1450 1 B - CATCH, A23Sl63 C- RIVET, B-HD., Ya X 1Ya D- RIVET, B-HD. , Ya X 1 E- RIVET, B-HD. , Ya X 1Y-1 F - SPRING - A223 125 G- LEVER - A7 1001 32
RA PO 79926
The E6288 adapter assembly was de velopedfrom experimental holders fabri cated for use with the M48 Bracket Mount shown on Plate 116- 1225. Aberdeen Proving Ground, in their Report 5676/20 (19 44) on Tests of M 48 Bracket Mounts, noted thatthe Infantry Board desired to support the caliber .30 ammunition boxes, M1, directly at the gun. In addition to the above it was necessary that the box support, or adapter, be small, light in weight, and useable on ground tripods. As noted above, experimental holders were developed by the Ordnance Department and tested. They were not found completely satisfactory and required mo difications which led to the development of the E6288 Adapter. The two early adapters are shown at the left. . REFERENCES: APG Report 5676/20 (1944) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 32 (1943) Photo RAPD 83221
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1245
APG 85371 (1943)
311
D90078 AMMUNITION TRAY ASSEMBLY
TRAY USED IN: 7058824 Mount, bracket type 7115438 Pedestal Mount M31C Pedestal Mount, Plate 116 - 12 7~ M35C Rail Mount, Plate 116 - 108 ~ Late Models of: M49 Ring Mount, Plate 116- 1186 M49Al Ring Mount, Plate 116 - 156 ~ M49AlC Ring Mount, Plate 116 - 156~ M49C Ring Mount, Plate 116 - 156{ M49C Modified Ring Mount, Plate No. 116 - 1567 M69 Ship's Mount M69D Ship's Mount M69E Ship's Mount PIN - 7070145 SPRING A4 128 19
IINCHES I II
I 21 I
Jl
RA PO 117985 'WElOMENT IN TRAY 090077
Either the M2 Caliber . 50 Ammunition Box (100 rounds) or the M1 or M1A1 Caliber .30 Ammunition Box (250 rounds) would fit into this ammunition tray. A spring actuated arm kept the ammunition in place. This tray assembly slid into a bracket attached to the side of the cradle. Some developments leading to D90078 are shown on Plates 116 - 1295 and 116-1137. TRAY USED WITH: 706880 Cradle and Pintle Assembly, Plate 116 - 1093. D40733 Cradle and Pintle Assembly, Plates 116 - 1123 and 116-1073. E10014 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition tray assembly Plate 116-1091. 7046650 Cradle and Pintle Mount Assembly. TRAY REFERENCES: TM 9 -224-1943: C1, 1945 AFF BD/2 Proj. 505 ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 (1951) ORD 3 SNL A - 1, Sec. 1 RAPD Photos: 159236, 133180, 49040. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1184
From APG Report 5676/19. APG 98931 ( 44) 312
~ · -i~
~
040731 AMMUNITION TRAY ASSEMBLY
This caliber . 50 ammunition tray was bolted directly to the left side of the 040733 Cradle and Pintle Assembly shown on Plate 116- 1073. It was used on the early models of the M49 series of Ring Mounts. Later mounts used the 09 00 78 ammunition tray shown on Plate Number 116-1184 which allowed for carrying either caliber .30 or caliber .5 0 am munition boxes. Other views of this tray can be found on Plate 116 - 1186, RAPD l23159,and P late 116 - 1566, RAPD 22842A.
REFERENCES: A- BODY . TRAY . A SS'Y
ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1944)
B-
SCREW - 2 159 15 COV ER - C90829 D - PIN - Al58097 E - BEARING- A 158099 F- RIVET - 135233 G - NUT - BBSX4AA
C-
ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 50 (1951) RA PO 59421
040731 Ammunition Tray with M49 Ring Mount on M20 Armored Utility Car. OA 10689 (1944) 313 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1185
EXPERIMENTAL PLASTIC AMMUNITION BOX
Plastic ammunition boxes before tests
PA- M41914
In an effort to overcome certain inherent disadvantages in metal containers, a seri~ of tests was begun at Frankford Arsenal in 1953 on a plastic box in which to ship link~ ammunition for aircraft. Boxes were designed and built by a number of manufactureJ and submitted for tests.
Tests were made for vibration resistance, rough handling resistance , watertightness and airtightness. A box was developed which was satisfactory in performance except for the latching mechanism, and considerable information was obtained relevant to plastic containers for packing purposes in general. This box was constructed of glass fiber preforms, with glass cloth reinforcing in the corners and edges, and with glass mat reinforcing on the flanges and cover, with a polymer resin sealing coat inside and out. This box was approximately 30% lighter than a metal box of similar dimensions.
REFERENCE: Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report No. 1986, Nov. 1953.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1784
314
P. A. -M-42779/2 (1953) Box after drop test.
POWERED CHARGERS, CALffiER . 50 AND 20mm
APG A6117 (1944) E ureka cal. . 50 el ectric chargers. Rhodes Lewis Co. 20mm electric top side charger. The two units to the left included anti - double feed mechanisms. RLC. 20mm electric, bottom side charger. Below: Cornelius Co. Compres s or electrically driven for pairs of chargers s hown t o the left. APG A1 60 73 (1944).
I
I Kidde Pneumatic Charger, Cal. . 50, with supply bottle and solenoid valve. APG A11636 (1944) NOVILLE Plat e No. 116 - 1815
315
6531559 (031559 )
ELEVATION & TRAVERSE MECHANISM Previously Designated 032044.
This mechanism was used for fine adjustment of elevation or traverse in the D7431 cradle of the Ml917 Al tripod ground mount, shown on Plate No. 116- 1096. It had a range of 50 mils and a
minimum increment of 1 mil in both elevation and traverse. The handwheels of this mechanism have been made in both knurled and serrated designs. Originally derived from the T15 tripod ground mount of 1935, and modified in 1939, this mech anism was manufactured until 1945. A · RA PO J 59JJ~A_
A- Nut, elevating sleeve bushing- 5159980 B- Nut, elevating screw sleeve-5159981 C-Knob, elevating- 5158762 D- Scale, elevating and traversing mechanism, assy- 5140817 E- Stop, elevating screw- 5161656 F- Plunger, stop, elevating- 5160601 G-Washer, elevating screw- 5173598 H- Guide, elevating and traversing mechanism- 5158769 J- Bearing, traversing screw- 5140871 K- Washer, traversing screw- 5159451 L-Screw, traversing- 6150308 M- Key, woodruff, ~ x %;-218218 N- Bushing, elevating screw- 5141086 P-8crew, retaining, elevating screw bushing- 5141088 Q- Screw, elevatin~- 6150309 R- Bushing, elevatmg screw sleeve-6150306 S-8leeve, elevating screw- 6150305 T- Key, elevating knob- 5140891 U- Washer, elevating screw sleeve-5158766 V- Screw, cap- 215883 W- Washer, lock, traversing adjustment- 7130956 X-Plug, screw, elevating and traversing mechanism body- 5142802 Y- Spring, click pin- 5141228 Z- Pin, click, elevating and traversing mechanism- 5141077 AA- Plate, click, traversing- 5141075 BB- Body, scale, elevating and traversing mechanism- 5140880 CC- Knob, traversing- 5141076 DD- Nut,-scale, elevating and traversing mechanism- 5140881 EE- Pin, scale, elevating and traversing mechanism- 5141152 FF- Screw, spring retainer- 5140869 GG- Ring, click, elevating- 5158765 HH-Body, elevating and traversing mechanism- 6150307
NOVJI.I.R Pl:tfP N"
II R-1 ?.Rf\
316
NOTE: Earlier photos RAPD 66760 and 53715 are the same as RAPD 159334Ashown, except for nomenclature.
090084 ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM
\SCREW, CAP, 1 2-20NF-2 X 1-1/ 4A-/21 6031
K-SUPPORT, SOLENOID-A412866
8- WASHER,, LOCK, 1 2 lN. -106500
L \SCREW, INT-TEETH -LOCKWASHER -/NO. I0-32NF-2X3 8- 424416
\SCREW, ELEVATING ADJUSTMENT-
M- SOLENOID, FIRING--8194212
c.-/ A349452 D- 8RACKET, ELEVATlNG--8285329
N-NUT, JAM, 1/ 4-28NF-2-219701
E- SCREW, CAP, 3 8-24NF-3 X 1-
\ SCREW (SOLENOID ADJUSTING)- / A412963 Q-SCREW, CAP,3 / 8-24NF-3 X 1·138254 R \SCREW, CAP, I / 2-20NF-2 X 1-1 4-/21603 1 S- WASHER, LOCK, 1/ 2 IN. -106500 p
138254
F- PIN, LOCKING, ASSEMBLY- A227567 G- HOOK, CHAIN- A246714 H- CHAIN, ASSEM8LY- A141460 \CHAIN AND SWIVEL, ASSEM8LYl -/7 122102 2- HOOK, "S", 0. I OS X 15/ 16-506883
J-
This elevating and traversing mechanism was frequently used with combination gun mounts using a caliber .30 machine gun. It was attached to the aft part of the ma chine gun cradle and to the ma chine gun by a locking pin at its rear mounting holes.
T- CLAMP, MECHANISM- 8300781 U- SCREW, CAP, 318-24NF-3 X 1-1 38254 \SCREW, TRAVERSING ADJUST V- / MENT-A349460
PIN (SUPPORT)- A412868 PIN, COTTER, 3/ 32X 1/2- 103372
l
W- 8USH ING--A335811 RA PD 338990A
p
/
MECHAN ISM, ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING ADJUSTMENT-D9008 4
!
RA PD 338907A
D90084 mechanism as attached to M62 Combination Gun Mount, shown on Plates 116-1113 and 116- 1256. Other Combination Gun Mounts using this mechanism: M34, Plate 116-1115 M52, Plate 116 - 1273 M67, Plate 116-1111, -1271 M71, Plate 116-1112 M73, Plate 116-1110 OVTT . T
t;'
Dl · d~ l\ln
111L 1 'HlA
A
----u ----R
~
RA PO 127047
~v-----Q
Exploded view of D90084 Mechanism. 317
BORE SIGHT MECHANISM
• '-). < ,OOUi ~ ll •to • t •
' " ' " h"" ~ ;o •t O
110 0 11
HU OI:I I .B>< ~I I OIO
.. ,,e, , . ,. •t• .,UQI . ...... ,. , , ,10 °10 ~ " "''
'' '"' '•vt• ••• •to•t•
This mechanism was used in the cradlE and pintle assembly shown on Plate 11 6· 1782. Used in conjunction with the for· ward pintle assembly, it provided quic disconnect and rapid bore sighting for the Mark I Mod 0 single caliber .50 gun con· tainers detailed on Plate 116- 1781.
BORE SIGHT ASSEMBLY 439224 .. , , , .u ........ .,,, , ~ ,ft;'~~\'~\':.W~.}.'! ..,, . ,
NOVILLE Plat e No. 116 - 1798
318
PIN ASSEMBLIES r--- -----------,
r ---------------~
I
B~ll-
1
147481
!i " \ HANOlE-7071182 OR-A230490
L- - -
HOOK -7069688
L. -
- CHAIN, A55Y - 7069684 -
-
}-- - - - PIN, ASSY- 772 67 36
I I
CHAIN-42-C { 15117-10
I I I I
I I
HOOK506881
.J l-
I I I I __ j
CHAIN-42C-15117-10
- - CHAIN, ASSY-73265 65 -
!
---- ~
I I I I I
I I I I
I I
---- SW IVEL- 7069687 HOOK - 7069688
I
I I
~
/1!~~64B7
\
A55Y-7726740----i
:
SW IVEl -7069687
\ CHAIN /42 -C-15117 -10
I
I I
ICHAIN - 42-C15117 - 10
HOOK- 506880
HANOLE- }.....A230490
I
~ ---- PIN,
HOOK-~[:06~0
SPRING506551
1
I I
HANDLE- } . / ' A230490
~
PIN, A55Y - 8227636 - - -
I
I
-
-
CHAIN , ASSY - 7069684 -
I
I
J
HANDLE - 707 1182) 60DY- A263171 \ PIN , ASSY SPR ING- 506552 -) 8227636 8A l l - 145637
t
l - - - - - PIN, ASSY - 7070295 - - - ~
I I I I I
I
L - - - CHA IN , ASSY - 7326564 - - - - J
SPRING , A263168 ...__;
/
BAll - ! - - - - -· 1456371 HANDlE - 707 11 82 OR - A230490
7
.,
I I SW IVEL- 7069687
l - - - PIN , A5SY - 8195178 - - _j U~OK-~06680
.
1
I
I
L - - -P IN , ASSY-707 0 296 - - - - _j
~
HANDLE-7071182 OR A230490
I
'r
I I L- -
CHAIN - 42 C- 151 17- 10
SWIVEl-7069687 1
CHAIN, A55Y - 7069685 - - __)
Other pin assemblies, A188028 and Al88030, not illustr ated, with chains . were used on the D 3 8579 pintle shown on Plate ll6 -1223 as well as the tra versing type Fender Kits shown on Plate 116 - 1805.
PIN -70 7 1149
\
)BODY -
;) *\\,
ROO Y707 1147
707/1146
164Ai~;-7
I ~t
5PR IN G 506552
HANDlE A230490
I L- - - PIN, AS5Y - 7071156 - - - ...J
These typical pin assemblies have been used on various gun mounts for fixing caliber . 30 and caliber . 50 machine guns to the mount. Two series of pin assemblies 7070296, 7070295 and B195179 were available. The early series were used on the early models of 7068880 Cradle and Pintle Assembly , Plate 116 - 1093, as well as the M31C Pedestal Mount. The late series was also used on the 7068880 Cradle and Pintle Assembly and the M35C rail mount. The pin assemblies 7726740 and 7726738 with their associated chain assemblies were used on the 7326774 ship's mount s hown on Plate 116 - 1468. The Pin Assemblies 7070293 and A176083 were used on s ome M31C Pedestal Mounts.
hl fi,TTT T
t;'
nt~tn l\J,,
11
~ - 11QQ
319
1WIN LINK EJECTION CHUTE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY Caliber .30
Y::..r/
ELEVATION AXIS
" -,
LINK CHUTE
TRAIN AXIS
This expended link chute assembly was used on the Mk 11 cradle and pintle as semblies shown on Plate 116 - 1487, and the Mk 14 cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate 116- 1490. The mounting post pintle shaft was incorporated within this assembly, and the remainder of the gun cradle components were attached to the link chute side plates. Similar units were used for cal. . 50 installations, as shown on Plate 116- 1510. The use of an expended link, or case gathering housing that encompasses the elevation axis and/or the traverse axis saved space and reduced complexity. Ejec tion chutes that were set away from either gun axis led to such complex mechanisms asareshownin the Sovietdesign on Plate 116- 1176 and the German designon Plate 116- 1059. "LEFT GUN" LINK DEFLECTOR
BELT HOLDING PAWL PIN
BELT HOLDING PAWL BRACKET
Link Deflector, L. H. Feed, as used with Chute Assembly. NOVILLE Pial!: No. 11G-1491
320
MAGNETIC EXPENDED LINK EJECTION HEAD
Fixed-Type Link Ejection Head
Magnetic Link Ejection Head G. 0. N. 122-8 (1956 )
This unit was designed to be attached to the receiver of the caliber .30 Browning machine gun to guide expended links from the side ejection opening to the collection container below the gun. The unit was held to the receiver by permanent magnets which were mounted on an eccentric. Rotation of this eccentric by turning the crank lever provided the mechanical advantage necessary for easy removal of the head. The ease with which this magnetic unit could be attached or removed from the gun represented a significant improvement over earlier fixed models which created severe problems in the installation and servicing of the weapon. G. 0. N. 122- 11 (1956}
Installation of f i x e d- type link ejection head mounted on .30 cal. machine gun.
Installation of magnetic expended link e j e c t ion head mounted on .30 caliber machine gun. REF: Contract No. DA-04- 495-0RD-646
G. 0. Noville & Assoc. Inc. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1852
321
REEL AND MECHANICAL FEED MECHANISM Ca 1. . 3 0 and Cal. . 50 G. 0. N. (1953)
Shown to the left is the cal. . 50 ammunition supply reel and automatic me chanical feeding mechanism. The cal. .30 unit consists of similar compo nents, suited for the smaller rounds. These Army Ordnance units were de veloped after the larger Air Force unit shown on Plate 116 - 1127.
The supply reel was braked until the gun started to fire. The resulting belt pull on the roller arm freed the brake, allowing the reel to unwind and feed ammunition to the gun. Stopping of the gun reduced the belt pull, applying the brake and stopping the reel. The swing ofthe brake arm created a reservoir of ammunition for the gun requirements, allowing time for the reel to accelerate up to speed.
Sprocket and brake assembly for cal. .30 reel. Sprocket and brake assembly for cal. . 50 reel.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1126
322
REEL AND FEED MECHANISM 20 MM
A solenoid controlled brake mechanism was incorporated into the hub assembly ofthis Air Force ammunition supply unit. This experimental el ectrically controlled unit was s maHer in size than the later mechanical unit shown on 116 1127.
RLC (1949}
NOVILL E Plate No . 116 - 1649
323
REEL AND MECHANICAL FEED MECHANISM, 20MM RLC (1950)
This unit, developed after the electri cally controlled unit shown on Plate No. ll6 - l649, was automatically mechanically operated, and did not require an electri cal power supply; however, it did occupy a larger space. The caliber . 50 and. 3 0 units shown on Plate ll6 - ll26 were developed later, and decreased the space requirement for this type of mechanism.
Zapp
Detail of Brake Assembly.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1127
324
REEL AND LOADER MECHANISM 20mm
RLC
This experimental unit was developed for loading fixed aircraft ammunition boxes from the ground. Multiple segments of powered chute assemblies were used as required to snake through the aircraft structure to the built- in ammunition boxes. Similar designs might be used for rapid field loading of bulk ammunition from supply vehicles to combat vehicles.
RLC NOVILLE Plate Nn . 1 I 6-1809
325
AMMUNITION BOOSTERS, 20mm AND CALIDER .60
Rhodes Lewis. 20mm or cal. . 60 booster. RLC 20mm
The upper three were examples of experimental pneumatically powered boosters & the lower three are electrically powered boosters. All were used with various types of demand sensing mechanisms. Reciprocating Booster.
Hughes H320B 20mm.
RLC. 20mm
Gray & Huleguard Inc. 20mm booster for T171 gun demand booster.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1813
326
Tl TRIPOD GROUND MOUNT Caliber . 30 & . 50
APG 35203 (1936) Hudson Type MG Caliber . 50 on Tl Tripod.
SA-X19 0 Ierman Maxim 7.9mm 1n U.S. built T1 tripod nount. This Post WW test has a correspondng Post WW II test; a .u.s. ierman MG 42 on a 113 tripod, as shown on ,late 116-1681.
RIA 342 6826.
T1 Tripod Mount.
~PG
25820 (1929) Vatercooled :aliber .50 ~rowning on ~1 Tripod. NOVILLE Plate
The T1 Mount, Tripod, Light, MG, was adopted in 1932 for use with the Ml919A2 BMG Tank Cal. .30 to replace the emergency MKIV Tripod of World War I, shown on Plate 116-1690. No. 116-1693 327
APG 25818 ( 1929) Modified air cooled cal. . 50 Browning on T1 Tripod.
CONTINUOUS FEED MECHANISM, NAVY AIRCRAFT Caliber .30
ITr-==-===:======'=-----:==
GUIDE ROLLER - - - RATCHET
PAWL ---~~~~)
Continuous feed unit, right hand unit shown, as used in Mk 11 adapter detailed on Plate No. 116- 1487.
- - - ECCENTRIC BOLT c----.:_:::_~------
GU IDE
LARGE DIAMETER ROLLER
Major components of continuous feed unit, right hand feed, as used in the Mk1tadapter.
GUIDE ROLLER SMALL DIAMETER ROLLER
~---- CHUTE
FORWARD -+
This continuous feed mechanism assembly was used in the TBF airplanes for supplying ammunition to the tunnel gun installations.
0 AMMUNITION BOX ---+-~_,j
ANTI-SYPHON lNG DEVICE
The total capacity of this installation was 500 rounds. REFERENCES: Bell Aircraft Dwgs : 03 - 067 - 002, installation as shown to left. 03 - 067 - 053, anti - siphon device. 03 - 067 - 050, continuous feed unit. 03 - 967 - 020 ammunition box.
These Navy continuous feed units were used to permit ammunition flow to flexible gun mounts. The ratchet pawl served as an anti-rollback, and the ammunition roller housing was free to rotate 360° in the mounting flange assembly. Similar units were also used for cal. . 50 installations, as shown on Plate No. 116-1510. NOVILLE
Platf~
No. 116-1489
328
FLEXIBLE FEED CHUTES Caliber .50 & 20mm
The flexible feed chutes shown on Plate 116- 1817 were similar in that they were con structed of stainless steel interlocking links jointed to form a smooth flexible track from the ammunition supply to the gun. The principal differences are in the detailed construc tion of the links. The Correll Chute was the only one of the group, illustrated on Plate 116-1 817, having two- direction feed, permitting use of loading systems using reverse travel of ammunition. It had a spring effect tending to keep chute in a straight line, free from sagging. The Correll Chute was the heaviest of the group shown. The Noble 20mm Chute was extensively used due to its strength but was the largest of the group. Its flexibility exceeded that of the 20mm linked ammunition it carried, permitting kinks. Ideally, the chute should equal the ammunition in flexibility. The Lawson, Hughes and Seeger chutes were tested a:1d compared in APG Project No. 3030 Report, September 1944, which stated that all three types were satisfactory in design and construction, with the. choice between them depending on the particular installation and flexibility required. The Seeger Chute was the most rugged but the least flexible of the three. It could be spliced most rapidly in emergency, but the splice would be less flexible than those of the other makes. Its single- piece segments were least expensive to fabricate, but at the penalty of flexibility. The Lawson Chute was the most flexible of those tested, but the least rugged. The Hughes Chute was the easiest to splice. The channel was wider on one side than on the other so ammunition could only go one way in it. Much Hughes chuting was used during World War II. No chute in any size has been satisfactory to the point of universal acceptance or standardization by any of the Armed Forces. A completely satisfactory chute remains to be developed.
REFERENCE: APG Project No. 3030 (566 - PM12-143) Sept. 1944.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1817T
329
FLEXIBLE FEED CHUTE Caliber . 50 & 20mm
APG 8954 (1944)
Correll, 20mm.
Hughes, Cal. . 50
Correll-RLC, 20mm. Also made for Caliber . 60
APG 8955 (1944) Lawson, Cal. . 50 Lewis -Larson (Smoot- Holman) Cal. . 50
Seeger, Cal. . 50
Noble, 20mm.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1817
APG 8956 (1944)
330
FLEXIBLE FEED CHUTES Caliber .3 0 - .60 MG & 20mm
Armament Components, Inc. - Flexible Chuting and Case E jector Cal. .30 M- 37 Left : 20mm M - 39 flexible feed chute and chute insulation material. Below: Ammunition chute T61E3 cal. .60 MG air craft installation; ammuni tion box, fixed mount and MG also shown.
ACI 223-98-5A (1956) NOVILLE Pla te No . 116 - 1731
331
AIRCRAFT GUN MOUNT, MARK 1 Caliber . 50
This mount was used in locally controlled side waist installations. The mount was hydraulically ope rated from a separate power unit located near the installation. This unit was capable of supplying h y d r au 1 i c power for two mounts. Each mount had a dumping valve by which the gunner could release the power unit and free the gun for manual operation in case of power failure. Control grips were located at the rear of the mount. The left hand grip operated a valve to meter the flow of oil to the cylinders which controlled the direction and rate of gun movement. A gun -firing trigger was located in front of the right hand grip.
Dimensions Gun Mount: 29 . 0" X 19 . 0" X 24. 0" Weight: (2 guns & mounts & 1 hydraulic power unit) approximately 315 lbs.
RIGHT SIDE
LEFT SID E
POWER UNIT The unit illustrated here was used for the first 50 mounts. Later mounts were equipped with a ---=~n straight line drive.
REF: 0. P. 865 FRONT NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1762
REAR 332
EXPERIMENTAL HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED MOUNTS
APG 49579 (1941) Caliber .50 Double Post Mount
Caliber .50 A20 Mount, Skate Mount NOVILLE . Plate No. 116 - 1761
333
APG 49581 (1941)
DIVISION C GROUND MOUNTS Contents Section Section Section Section
1 - - - - Pre- World War IT Tripod Ground Mounts Pre- World War IT Wheeled Ground Mounts 2 3 Lightweight Tripod Ground Mounts 4 Heavy Ground Mounts
Discussion This division includes tripod, quadruped and wheeled ground mounts. Turret type ground mounts, mainly for anti- aircraft purposes, in which the gunner was suspended and rotated are shown later in Division L, Section 1. A particular division on ground mounts has been included in this study of vehicular secondary armament because in the past the design of ground tripod mounts had radically affected and in many cases seriously interfered with the development of vehicular type machine gun mounts. A primary design requirement for vehicular machine gun mountings has been that the machine gun be capable of being rapidly and easily detached from the vehicle and mounted on a ground mount for infantry use. Thus, practically all vehicular mounts and sec ondary weapons have been developed to specifically fit ground mounts even though such action was of an emergency nature and subordinate to the primary purpose of the combat vehicle weapon.
335
DIVISION C
SECTION 1
PRE - WORLD WAR ll TRIPOD GROUND MOUNTS Since the original concept of the machine gun was as a light artillery weapon the early ground mounts for such guns were actually only field artillery gun carriages. The rapid reduction in weight of machine guns and their use in World War I by the Germans as infantry weapons effectively made wheeled carriage mounts obsolete. Virtually all portable ground machine gun mounts used during World War II were of the tripod or quadruped type with mechanical elevation and traverse control. A unique tripod using a ball and socket fitting for mounting single or dual machine guns is shown in Division I, Section 6, Plate 116- 1654.
337
s::;:...=- .. A drum type ammunition reel was used with this early mount.
EARLY TRIPOD MOUNTS U.S.
Double barrel, Gardner - Roberts on caliber . 30 belt fed, crank operated ma chine gun and tripod mount. (Circa 1885) SA 7380
M1902 Pratt & Whitney caliber . 30 machine gun and tripod mount. SA 7381
M1874 Gatling with improved tripod mount.
Other Gatling guns on wheeled mounts are shown on Plate 116-1716.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1698
SA X 199
338
EARLY TRIPOD MOUNTS U.S. SA 7347
(1950)
The cal. .30 Colt Automatic Brown ing Machine Gun, U. S. N. , Model of 1898, is shown mounted on an early tripod. The cradle of this tripod is the same as the one shown below.
:A X202
rhe cal. .30 Colt Brown ng Machine Gun of 1914, ~ modification of the v11898 Colt Browning, s shown mounted on he M1895 Colt rripod.
SA X203 Right side of the M1895 Colt Tripod mount with 1914 Colt Browning machine gun. Other views of this tripod with different machine gun installations are shown on Plate No. 116-16WJ.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1688
339
M1895 COLT TRIPOD MOUNT WITH MARLIN MACHINE GUNS Caliber .30
SA 7343 (1950)
M1918 Caliber .30 Marlin tank ma chine gun on the M1895 Colt Tripod Mount.
Other photographs of the M1895 Colt Tripod Mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1688. The assembly below was furnished to Russia during World War I by the Mar lin- Rockwell Corporation.
SA X192 A Mar lin caliber .30 machine gun on the 1895 Colt Tripod.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1689
340
MARK IV TRIPOD MOUNT U.S. BUILT WORLD WAR I
The Ml919A2 Caliber .30 Browning Tank Machine Gun was used on this World War I tripod and the Tl tripod. The Mark IV was replaced by the T1 tripod mount in 1932 and the T1 was replaced by the M2 tripod mount in 1933. SA X 144 M1917 Browning Caliber .30 Ma chine Gun on Colt manufactured Tripod.
RIA
342 - 37748 (19 27) Mark IV tripod modified; adapted for use as a sub caliber artillery mount.
SA X 180 M1915 Vickers Machine Gun on Tripod. This was the U.S. version of the British M1904 Vickers Maxim MG and MK IV tripod manufactured by Colt during World War I. Some of these were used in the last two months of the war. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1690
341
AMMUNITION BOOSTERS Caliber . 50
Harvey M150
Martin M5
These electrically powered boosters were used with de mand sensing me chanisms to feed machine guns on ground and air craft equipment.
APG 9066 (1944)
"'
Bell Aircraft Corp. APG 83271 (1943) Installation on T69 MGMC in Quad. Turret.
General Electric
APG 9044 (1944)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1814
342
AiResearch Booster. DA 25288 (1951) Installation in T43 tank, 120mm gun, used with T140 combination mount.
T15 TRIPOD MOUNT
(Early version with .T 3E2 Cradle) Caliber . 3_0
This is one of a series of experimental tripods lea ding to the M1917 A1 tripod shown on Plate No. 116- 1097.
T15 REFERENCES: RIA - MG- B(R- 15) 1934
Early models of the T15 tripod used the T3E2 cradle and pintle assembly which is shown on Plate No. 116-1205. Later models of the T15 tripod used the T5El cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1095. Both versions used the M1917E2 tripod base shown on Plate No. 116-1207.
RIA 722-39637 {1934)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1206
343
EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-AIRCRAFT MACHINE GUN TRIPOD MOUNTS Caliber . 50
Tripod mount with fourth leg attachment.
M1921 Browning caliber . 50 M.G. on AA Tripod NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1657
344
EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-AffiCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNTS
Caliber .30
APG 22029 (1926) Light tripod mount with telescoping front leg extension. Note gunner's seat attachment to two rear legs.
APG 14347 ( 27) Anti-aircraft tripod mount
M1917 cal. . 30 B. M. G. on tripod with hinged fr ont leg extension.
APG 29942 (33)
M1917 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .30
SA-X142
This early tripod mount was first used by the U.S. in combat very late in World War I, on 26 September 1918. The machine guns and mounts used by the U.S. throughout World War I were mainly of British and French manufacture. An excellent history of the conditions during this period is given in the book "The Machine Gun", Volume I, by Col. Chinn (1951}. The M1917A1 tripod mount of 1935, which followed this design, is shown on Plate No. 116- 1096. Components of the cradle and pintle assembly for this tripod mount are shown on Plate No. ll6 - l232, while the use of an Ml917 tripod with the Ml wheeled mount is shown on Plate No. 116- 1213.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1231
346
M1917 TRIPOD MOUNT, CRADLE AND PINTLE COMPONENTS c .aliber .30
0
0
!0
SA-X232 The M1917 Tripod Mount, assembled, is shown on Plate No. 116-1231. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1232
347
VARIATIONS 0 F THE M1917 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber . 30
The M191 7 Tripod Mount is detailed on plates 1161231 and 116- 1232.
T4E 1 Tripod Mount
APG 28804 {1932)
The M1917 caliber .3 0 water - cooled Browning machine gun with an experimental cradle was used in the above variation of the M1917 Tripod Mount.
APG 30410 ( 1933)
The experimental Ne grotto C r ad 1 e and the M 1 9 1 7 cal. . 30 B M G were used in the above assembly shown at maximum elevation.
·· ...
~· ... ·:; ·· . · ·~""· • '
$4J}..
••
. - ~~. -:,.....-.~\" · ·:... ;:.:-~
~
APG 26116 (1929)
An experimental modified air-cooled M1917 caliber . 30 BMG was used with an M1917 Tripod Mount in the arrangement shown above.
NOVJLLE Plate No. 116-1729
348
T5 ANTI - AIRCRAFT MACHINE GUN TRIPOD ADAPTER
APG 25588 (1929)
In this arrangement the removal of the forward quick- disconnect pin changed the characteristics of the mountfroma ground to an anti - aircraft mount. The long lever arms in the anti - aircraft position undoubt edly caused excessive dispersion and the increased free ammunition belt length made difficult feeding. The use of the adapter in the ground fir ing position would not affect the charac teristics of the tripod mount other than weight, however the anti - aircraft position could not have had the accuracy and re liability of the ground position. The adapter in the above photograph was used on the M 1917 Tripod Mount, Plates 116 - 1231 and 1232.
APG 25587 (1929) NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1662
349
M1917Al TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber . 30
RIV ET- AI61746
PIN,COTTER - BFAXICG -----. NUT- AI40991 - - - - - , . HANDLE - 8108809 LEG -C59732 PIN-8108820 LEG - C59823 PIN - 8FDXICS --=~::-:5~~~ NUT- 8108835 - - - - LEG - C597 31
OIAL-A160714 SECTION A-A
SCREW-AI60712 PIN- 8FDXIAK 8LOCK- 8108910 SECTION 8 -8
RA PO 417 3
Tabulated data and a short history of this mount are given on Plate No. 116 - 1097. The Cradle Assembly D7431 is detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1098 and the Base Assembly components are detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1284. Views of this mount with various weapons are given on Plate No. 116-1280.
M1917A1 TRIPOD GROUND MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA MG4 R- 25: Machine Gun Tripod Mount M1917A1 (1935) OCM 24077: Conversion of M1917 to M1917 A1 OCM 11324, 11396, 15129, 15288 TM 9-224 (1943) C1 (1945), TM 9-1205 (1944), TM 9-2200 (1949), TM 9-2005 (1953) FM 23-55; ORD 7 SNL A-5; ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. l (1952). Ordnance Part No. 6507371; with equipment 6734188 used to test the T18E3 and T40E2 Recoil Cradles, (1945).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1096
350
M1917Al TRIPOD MOUNT
GROUND MOUNT
Caliber .30 TABULATED DATA: Weight 53. 2 lbs Front leg spread: 39 inches Leg extended: 42 inches Folded length: 36 inches Traverse, free: 360° (6, 400 mils ) Mechanical traverse: 50 mils Least increment: 1 mil Traverse dial graduated in 20 mils Elevation, free: 65 o (1 , 156 mils) Depression, free: 28 o (498 mils) Mechanical elevating: 50 mils Least increment: 1 mil Elevating arc graduated in 25 mils RAPD 60922
The M1917 A1 Tripod Mount was used primarily with the M1917 A1 caliber . 30 Browning watel'-cooled machin:e gun. It could also accommodate the M1919A4, M1919A4E1, and the M1919A6 cal. . 30 Browning Machine Guns. The M18 and T15E13 57mm, and the T21 and M20 75mm recoilless rifles were also equipped for use in the M1917 A1 tripod. The cradle and pintle assembly D7431 used in this and other mounts is detailed on Plate No. 116-1098. It was developed from the T5E1 model of the T5 series of cradle and pintle assemblies shown on Plate No. 116- 1095. The tripod base assembly used in this mount is detailed on PlateNo. 116- 1284. It was developed from the M1917E2 tripod base assembly shown on Plate 116 - 1207. The M1917A1 tripod ground mount was developed from the T15 series of tripod ground mounts, the late version of the T15 tripod ground mount consisting of the T5E1 cradle and the M1917E2 base noted above. The early version of the T15 tripod ground mount shown on Plate No. 116-1206 consisted of the T3E2 cradle, detailed on Plate No. 116-1205, and the M1917E2 base. The M1917A1 replaced theM1917 tripod ground mount of World War I, whichis shown on Plate No. 116-1231. The major differences were the addition of the traverse and elevation mechanism detailed on Plate No. 116-1286, and a secondary quick-disconnect pintle, the operation of which is shown on Plate No. 116-1290. The M1917A1 tripod was produced from 1935 to 1945. The M2 lightweight and the M1917A1 were the standard caliber . 30 tripod ground mounts used in large quantities during World War U. An experimental aluminum version, the M1917 A1El, was built in 1940. It is shown on Plate No. 116-1131. The cradle assembly of the M1917Al was used in other applications, such as pedestal, bracket, and skate mounts. The later cal. . 30 mount M74 included a recoil mechanism in the cradle. The cradle from the M74 has not been used in other applications. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1097
351
M1917Al TRIPOD MOUNT, BASE COMPONENTS
f1· Q- Pin, cotter, ~ x 1- 137171 R- Nut front leg stud- 5140991 S- Han'dle, front leg jamming- 6108809 T- Nut jamming, rear leg, assy- 6108835 U- Nut; guide screw- 5160724 V-Plate, name-6109050 W-Strap, tripod- 6109051 X- Leg, rear-5559823 Y- Plate clutch, rear leg- 6108802 Z- Pin, ;ear leg joint, assy- 6108820 AA- Leg, front, left- 5559732 BB- Stud, front leg- 6108819 CC-Screw, leg clutch plate-5141175 DD-Plate, clutch, front leg- 6108795
A- Stop, dial locking knob- 5140001 B- Knob, diallocking- 5139961 C- Pin, stght, dl-rd, !t1'6 x %-505465 D- Pin, stght, dl-rd, % x 1- 505492 E- Nut, cradle pintle clamping screw- 5141173 F-Screw, clamping, cradle pintle, assy- 5160712 G- Block, pintle clamping- 6108910 H- Screw, clamping- 5160708 J-Dial, traversing, assy- 5160714 K-Screw, guide-5160709 L--Socket, pintle-6507395 M- Pin, stght, dl-rd, % x 1%-505493 N-Leg, front, right- 5559731 P-Washer, belleville spring- 5141189
This tripod base assembly was designed in 1935 for use in the M1917A1 tripod ground mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1096. This base was developed from the M1917E2 tripod base assembly shown on Plate No. 116- 1207. The drawing on Plate No. 116-1096 shows the early nomenclature for this assembly.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1284
352
M1917Al TRIPOD MOUNT, WITH WEAPONS AND D37915 ELEVATOR M1917A1 tripod mount details are given on Plates 116- 1096 and 116-1097.
Shown with the M1917A1 cal.. 30 Br owning water-cooled machine gun.
RAPD 90218
RAPD 60924
Shown with cal. . 30 D37915 elevator for anti-aircraft use made a standard accessory in ' 1940.
NOVILLE Pl a te NrJ. 116-1 280
Shown with the M18 (or T15E13) 57mt recoilless rifle. M18 and T15E13 Rifle References: TM 9-314; SNL C-73; TM 9-2300 (19 49 ) RAPD 107922A Other rifles that fit the M1917A1 tripod were the T21 and M20 75mm recoilless rifles. When used with these 75mm recoilless rifles the cradle 07431 was reversed. This arrangement is shown on Plate No. 116-1290. T21 and M20 Rifle References: RAPD l07958A, 109048, TM 9-314; SNL C-74, TM 9-23 00 (1949) TM 9-2305 (1947) Recoilless Rifles, General Data: Frankford Arsenal Report R-1167(1953)
353
M1917A1El TRIPOD MOUNT, Caliber. 30
RIA 875 - 1615 (1940) This ground mount is an alu minum version ofthe M1917Al Tripod shown on Plate 116- 1096.
Cradle detail showing Brown -: ing cal. . 30M. G. Model1917.
RIA 875 -1 616
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1131
354
M1917E2 TRIPOD BASE ASSEMBLY
RIA 722 - 39639 (193 4)
Tripod base Ml917E2 preparedfor use in Tl 5 tripod M.G. mount, cal. . 30. The T15 tripod mount is shown on Plate No. 116- 1206. This base was developed into the base detailed on Plate No. 116- 1284, which was used in the M1917 A1 tripod ground mount.
RIA 728-39777 (1934) Tripod base M1917E2 prepared for use in T24 tripod M. G. mount, cal. . 30. The T24 tripod mount is shown on Plate No. 116- 1141.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1207
355
EXPERIMENTAL DUAL PURPOSE TRIPOD MOUNT ( Greenhow-Johnston) Cal. .30
Mount set for prone position firing
APG 27702 (
Mount in anti- aircraft position
APG 27705
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1656
356
I
EXPERIMENTAL DUAL PURPOSE TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber .30
Ground fi ring position
APG 28072 ( 1931)
This Greenhow-Johnston Tripod Mount had provisions for mil elevation and depression adjustment.
APG 28071 (1931)
Anti-Aircraft firing position
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1655
357
M1918 TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber .30
Plate 116-1665 shows an anti-aircraft adapter for this mount.
SA X143 M1918 Tripod with experimental gun.
RIA 1022-14732 (1945)
REFERENCES: Cradle Dwg. 1-36- 1 TM 9-1205 (1942)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1664
358
RIA 1022-14733 (1945)
M1918 TRIPOD MOUNT, Caliber .3 0
NVT·BBAXIA
\fJ~~~~l:"
PIN, COTTER-BFAXIBC
ORD. 55CI9A
Additional views of this mount are shown on Plate 116- 1664 ~OVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1674
359
ANTI-AIRCRAFT ADAPTER FOR M1918 TRIPOD MOUNT Right: Here the anti-aircraft adapter was used with a gun adapter similar to the cradle of the M1917 Mount detailed on Plates 116-1231, -1232, to transform the Ml918 tripod mount, shown on Plate 116- 1664, from a ground mount to an anti - aircraft mount. Below: The anti - aircraft adapter is shown here on the Ml918 tripod but with out the gun adapter. While there would be little difference in the relatively high dispersion of these two combinations, the use of the anti-aircraft adapter alone would cause more difficult feeding be cause of the increased length of the am munition belt.
APG 17641 (1923)
APG 17642 (1923) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1665
360
COLT TRIPOD BASE ASSEMBLIES
Colt Tripod Modified for use in T21 Tripod Mount.
RIA 728 - 39728 ( 1934)
Colt Tripod Modified for use in T20 Tripod Mount.
RIA 728 -3 9784 (1934)
Colt tripod bases with appropriately modified pintle shafts were used as follows: With Cradle
Cradle Shown on Plate No.
Base and Cradle Form
T6E1
116-1179
T20 Tripod Mount
116-1209
T7E1
116- 1179
T21 Tripod Mount
116 - 1211
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1210
361
Tripod Mount Shown on Plate No.
T20 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .50 MG
R~
728-39726 (34)
The T6E1 Cradle Assembly used in this tripod mount used the M2 caliber .50 Browning Machine Gun, heavy barrel. The experimental caliber . 50 machine gun T2 is shown in this view. The cradle assembly T6E1 is presented in detail on Plate No. 116-1179, and the Colt Tripod Base used for this mount is detailed on Plate No. 116-1210. This mount differed from present designs in that the main pintle shaft was an integrated part of the tripod base, while the mating socket was a part of the cradle assembly.
REF:
RIA Photos: 728-39728; 728-39729 RIA- MG-9 (R-16 )
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1847
362
T21 TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber. 50
RIA 728 -3 9781 (1934) The T7El cradle assembly used in this tripod mount accommodated the caliber . 50 Browning Machine Guns, M1921 water cooled, M2 flexible, or the M2 heavy barrel. The experimental caliber . 50 machine gun T2, Serial No. 3, is shown in these views. The cradle assembly T7El is presented in detail on Plate No. 116-1179, and the Colt tripod base usedfor this mount is detailed on Plate No. 116-1210. This mount assembly differed from present designs in that the main pintle shaft was an integral part of the tripod base, while the mating socket was a part of the cradle assembly. T21 TRIPOD MOUNT REFERENCE: RIA-MG-10 (R-17) 1934 RIA 728-39783 (1934)
~OVILLE
Plate No. 116-1211
363
T21El TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .50 Components of this assembly are detailed on Plate No. 116- 1219.Plate No. 116-1219 includes views of this mount on a small wheel and axle assembly and carrying other models of the caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun. The tripod T21E1 on wheeled mount M1 is shown on Plate No. 116 - 1213.
Mount shown with M1921A1 cal. . 50 Browning Machine Gun.
T21E1 TRIPOD MOUNT REFERENCE: RIA- MG- 5 (R - 51) 1935
RIA 742 - 39959 (1934) Cradle and pintle assembly shown in elevated anti - aircraft position.
Cradle and Pintle Assembly shown in ground position. RIA 742-39960 {1934) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1217
364
T21El TRIPOD MOUNT COMPONENTS Caliber .50 The cradle and pintle assembly of this mount could be elevated from the ground use position to an antiaircraft use position.
M2 caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun with T20 stabilizer and secondary gunattached pintle.
Cradle assembly with socket for gun - attached pintle and socket for main pintle shaft.
Spring loaded main pintle shaft shown assembled to tripod base. Tripod base assembly with socket to receive main pintle shaft and spring mechanism.
RAPD 742-40305 (1935) All other views from 742-40408.
The T21El tripod mount assembled with an Ml921A1 cal. . 50 W. C. B. M. G. is shown on Plate No. 116-1217. The T21E1 tripod mount on an axle and small Wheel assembly, using a T2E1 cal. . 50 A. C. B. M.G. is shown on Plate No. 116-1218. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1219
365
Components of main pintle shaft.
T23 TRIPOD MOUNT, Caliber . 30
The T23 tripod mount consisted ofthe T12 tripodbase, shownon Plate 116-1212, and the T5 cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate 116 - 1095. The T23 tripod mount was used with the M1917 cal.. 30W.C. BrowningMachine Gun. REF: APG 33157 (T23E1)
This assembly, with modified feet, is shown with a small wheeled mount on Plate 116-1216. This assembly, as shown, was used with the M1 large wheeled mount detailed on Plate 116 -1213, and with small wheels on 116- 1216.
RIA 728 39855 (1934)
RIA 728 39856 (1934)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1142
366
T23 E l TRIPOD MOUNT . Caliber . 30
RIA 728 - 40097 (193 5) This tripod mount consisted of the T12 Tripod Base Assembly shown on Plate No. 116- 1212 and the T5E1 Cradle and Pintle Assembly shown on Plate 116- 1095 ; it was used for mounting the M1917 Browning Machine Gun caliber . 30. Plate No. 116 - 1215 shows the mount equipped with an axle and small wheel assembly for improved mobility. An earlier version, the T23, appears on Plate No. 116- 1142. REFERENCES: APG 33157 RIA 728 - 40095 728 - 40099 728-40100 RIA- MG- 13 (R- 20)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1140
367
T12 TRIPOD BASES
RIA 728 -39858 (193 4)
T12 tripod base with feet suited for use in large wheeled mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1213. This is the base used in the T23 tripod mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1142.
RIA 728 - 39862 (1934)
T12 tripod base with feet suited for use in the small wheeled mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1216. The pintle socket on this base and the base shown above r eceived the cradle and pintle assembly T5 shown on Plate No. 116- 1095. RIA 728 - 40099 (1935)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- l 212
T12 tripod base with feet suited for use in the small wheeled mount shown on Plate 116 - 1215. This is the base used in the T23E1 tripod mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1140. The pintle socket on this base re ceived the cradle and pintle assembly T5E1 shown on Plate 116- 1095. 368
T24 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber . 30
COMPONENTS: T5E1 Cradle Assembly shown on Plate 116 - 1095 M1917E2 Tripod Base shown on Plate 116 - 1207 Used With: M1917 cal. . 30 W. C. BMG.
RIA 728-39773 (193 4)
/
RIA 728-39774 (1934)
T24 TRIPOD REFERENCE: RIA-MG-14 (R-21 ) 1934
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1141
369
T40 BAR TRIPOD MOUNT
This Tripod Mount was designed for ground fire and mounted the Browning Automatic Rifle M1918A2. The Tripod base of this mount was the same as that used with the T41 MG Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116-1666.
RIA 866-1413 (1939) "0" elevation, tripod high; pintle normal.
REFERENCES: RIA-MG-41-(R-27) Mount Assembly: 034912 Cradle Assembly: 034815 OCM 14615, OCM 16251
RIA 866-1416 (1939) Maximum depression. Tripod low; pintle normal. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 661
370
T41 TRIPOD MOUNT, CALIBER .30
RIA 871 - 1539 (19 40} T41 Tripod Mount, shown with tripod in high position & pintle in low posi tion. Weight without gun - 31.63 lbs . Traverse - 360 ° Elevation - 65 o Depression - 36 o
This mount which used either a BMG caliber . 30 M1917 or a BMG caliber .30 M1919A4 flex ible, was designed for ground or anti - aircraft fire. The T41 Tripod base was the same as that used on the BAR Tripod T40 shown on Plate 116-1661. The T42 Tripod Mount, using a BAR M1918A2, was a modification of the T41 mount.
CRADLE - 03498 1
5
5C REIV - 8150309
9
T42 REF: OCM 14615 17
T41 Mount REFERENCES: RIA-MG-43 (R59} 1940 Dwg. No. D3 6806 0CM 14946, OCM 16299. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1666
371
BALLAST BAG - CG9Z4 1
T43 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .30
An aluminum tripod mount was fabricated at Fort Benning, Georgia, in 1937 to fulfill a need for a lightweight mount of this type. The Infantry Board, in Report No. 1056, April 1939, recommended the adoption of an improved model of this tripod for all light machine guns. Subsequently, Ordnance modifications of this tripod were tested with nomenclature Tripod Mount T43, T43 (modified) and T44. The modification of the Ft. Benning mount, which became the T43, was developed at Rock Island Arsenal. The T43 Mount was designed to hold the Browning Machine Gun, cal. .30 M1917 or the Br owning Machine Gun, cal. .30 flexible, M1919A4. The tripod and cradle were made of heat-treated aluminum alloy wherever possible, to reduce weight. Surfaces subject to wear were protected with steel and bronze bushings and bearings. Total weight of the mount was 23 1/4 lb. The mount permitted free swing of the gun through 360° traverse, and elevation and de pression within the limits of the cradle slots, 40 o elevation and 18 o depression. It was so constructed as to permit compact folding of the tripod for transport, with carrying slings for transporting the tripod and machine gun as separate manual loads. Fort Benning, Georgia, Army Ground F orces Report Pr oject 2015, April 1947, tested the Lightweight Tripod Mount Caliber .30, T113, with the T43 Mount. After unsuccessful attempts to use components of the T43 Mount to correct structural deficiencies in the T113 Mount, it was recommended that no further consideration be given the T43 Mount, and that the modified experimental mount T113, would be suitable for use with any of the weapons using the T43 Mount. See Plate 116-1667 for illustrations of this mount.
T43 TRIPOD MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA-MG-42, Feb. 1940 RIA-869-1472 Infantry Board Reports No. 969, 1055, 1138, 1139, 1146, 1733, 1765, 1862 Army Ground Forces Board No. 3, Ft. Benning, Ga., Proj. No. 2015, April, 1947 OCM 15043, 15786, 16251.
NOV ILLE Plate Nu . 116-1667T
372
T43 TRIPOD MO UN T, CALIBER .3 0
Main Pintle Deta il RIA
869 - 1472 (1940)
HANDLE. · AI72.670
Used: BMG M1917
12~------{
or BMG M1919A4
18 SHOE. - C7257'2.
The cradle and pintle assembly of the T 44 Tripod Mountincludeda quick discon nect pin in the forward gun mounting holes and a straight pintle shaft, as shown to the right.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1667
RIA 880 - 1772 (1940) Cradle of T44 Tripod Mount. 373
TRIPOD MOUNT CAL . . 30 OR. 50
This tripod mount was first used with the M1917 caliber .30 water - cooled machine gun ( s h o w n on p 1at e 116-1231 ).
SA-X149 M1921 Browning watercooled caliber . 50 machine gun on tripod mount. REF: SA-X162 (view of other side )
The first caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun, built in 1918, was a 1 so used on this tripod mount. REF: Page 183, The Machine Gun, by Chinn.
APG 28338 ( 1931) Colt air-cooled machine gun caliber . 50 on tripod mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1728
374
DUAL PURPOSE TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .30
This d u a 1 purpose mount shown here with a M1917 caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun, used an experimental cradle and pintle assembly and a Colt caliber . 30 tripod base. The experimental cradle & pintle assembly made it possible for the mount to be used as either an anti- aircraft or ground mount. When used as a ground mount, the machine gun was attached to the for ward mounting holes of the cradle. As an anti- aircraft mount, the machine gun was attached to the rear mounting holes of the cradle and the cradle locked in a vertical position. A similar Colt tr ipod base is s hown on P late 116- 1210.
Anti- Aircraft Position APG 38592 (1939}
APG 38590 ( 1939}
Ground Firing Position NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1696
375
EARLY TRI P OD MOUNTS
These two unidentified tripod mounts were manually fed by a hand crank. The apparent difference between these two mounts was that the upper mount incorporated an elevating device and had tubular legs rather than the channel legs of the one shown at the bottom of the page.
NOVJLLE Plate No . 116-1849
376
- FOREIGN
- ITALIAN
TRIPOD MOUNTS
SA 7379 Model1914 F iat ( re v e lli ) caliber . 25 machine gun on tripod mount.
Detail of R. H. side
Model 1935 Fiat (Revelli) 8 mm: aircooled machine gun on tripod mount. Mount weight : 50 lb
Breda Model 1937 8 mm machine gun on tripod mount.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1743
APG 77872 (1943)
377
TRIPOD MOUNTS
- BRITISH
The Vickers M1915 Machine Gun, built by Colt in the U. S. , was based on the Vickers - Maxim M. G., built in England, which was designed by the American, Maxim. The British-built guns and mounts, and the French-built M1914 Hotchkiss Gun and M1916 Mount, shown on 116- 1723 were the main weapons of the U.S. troops during World War I. Chinn Vikers Machine Gun & Mount, Cal. . 30
The upper view shows a Vickers gun with an early tripod mount and the bottom view shows the same tripod mount as used by the U. S. troops with French designed, U.S. built machine gun.
Troops in France, World War I. Additional views of the U.S. built Vickers machine gun and Mark IV Mount are shown on plate 116- 1690. The French designed M1909 gun was used by the French prior to World War I on the tripod shown on plate 1161723, and the U.S. built version of this French designed gun was used by the U.S. until the beginning of World War I on the British tripod shown at the top of this plate. An adapter cradle was used to fit this gun to the tripod. B-MODEL 1909 BENET-MERCIE MACHINE RIFLE
REF: TM9-2205 (1952 )
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1726
378
RA PD 167302"
TRIPOD GROUND MOUNT AND TRIPOD A. A. MOUNT
APG 27562 ( 1931) Ground Mount
The caliber . 50 ( 13. 2 mm) Hotchkiss mac hi n e gun is shown here with a tripod base used as a ground mount and as an antiaircraft mount by the substitution of an antiaircraft tripod ad apt e r and antiaircraft sights.
Antiaircraft Mount APG 27560 (31) NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1730
379
- FRENCH
TRIPOD MOUNT WITH M1907 ST. ETIENNE MG
- FRENCH
St. Etienne Machine Gun, model 1907, 8mm, with tripod (early version). A later version is shown on Plate No. 116-1642.
St. Etienne, M1907, 8 mm Machine Gun on tripod mount. A later version of this machine gun is shown on Plate No. 116-1723. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1724
380
TRIPOD MOUNTS
- FRENCH
MLE-1916 Tripod with MLE - 1914 Hotchkiss 8 mm clip fed machine gun.
TheU.S. Forces of World War I used this French gun an d m ount , in add it i o n to British equip -
l!.bij~~~i;;:=:::~men t.
The U.S. built .30/06 ver sian of this 8 mm gun was also used on the British designed Vickers m ount shown on plate 116-1726.
Hotchkiss P ortative Machine Rifle (Benet-Mercie, m odel 1909) on tripod mount. This Frenc h machine rifle was manufactured both by Hotchkiss in France and Colt in the U.S. prior to World War I.
M1907 St. Etienne 8 mm machine gun on tripod. Late version.
The early version of this gun and tripod is shown on plate 116- 1724. A later version of this tripod with a Hotchkiss gun is s hown on plate 116-1642.
APG A85388
FMAR 1329S
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1723
381
TRIPOD MOUNT WITH HOTCHKJSS MODEL 1914 MG
FRENCH
X194- SA Top: Tripod mount folded down The tripod mount s h own here with a Hotchkiss Model1914 7. 62 rom machine gun was a late version of the tripod originally used with St. Etienne MG M1907 shown on 116- 1724. Left : Tripod mount in antiaircraft position. 344- 28786 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1642
382
TRIPOD MOUNT
- GERMAN
This tripod mount was used with the Bergmann machine gun, Model 1910. This mount was s i m i 1a r to the wheeled tripod mount shown on Plate 116-1739. REF: Geo. M. Chinn, The Machine Gun, Vol. 1.
NO V! LLE P late No . 11 6 - 1738
383
TRIPOD MOUNT FOR SCHWARZLOSE MACIUNE GUN - GERMAN
Schwarzlose Machine Gun Model 1907/12, 8mm, shown above.
TELESCOPING TRIPOD LEGS RETRACTED
Ref: Chinn, the Machine Gun , pp. 229
TRIPOD LEGS EXTENDED
Barlow, Small Arms Manual
NOVI LLE Plat e No. 116 -173 7
384
DIVISION C
SECTION 2
PRE - WORLD WAR ll WHEELED GROUND MOUNTS
Presented herein are wheeled adaptations of tripod mounts such as illustrated in Section 1 of this division. As previously noted, these wheeled mounts became
obsolete prior to World War II due to the change in concept as to the tactical use of the machine gun.
385
Ml WHEELED MOUNT AND TRIPOD ASSEMBLIES
RIA 742-4029 0 (1935) Ml with T21El tripod, (detailed on 116 - 1217) and M2El ammo cart.
Ml with Ml917 tripod (detailed on 116 - 1231) RIA 742 - 40290 (1930) .
Ml with T23 trip od, (detailed on 116- 1142) RIA 728 - 39853 (193 4).
M1 Wheeled Mount References: Dwg. 1-81. SNL A-30. OCM 7570, 23601. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1213 386
TM 9-204
T21El TRIPOD MOUNT, WHEELED
The components of the T21El Tripod Mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1219. A view of this small wheeled assem bly carried on the wheeled mount M1 is shown on P late No. 116 - 1213.
T2E1 cal. . 50 B. M.G.
APG 32408 (1934) T21E1 Tripod Mount on wheel and axle assembly, shown using T2E1 (M2 heavy barrel type) caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun, with T20 stabilizer, and a 100 round capacity ammunition box.
Ground positions of T21E1 tripod mount with wheel and axle assembly. The cradle and pintle of this assembly could be raised to an antiaircraft position.
Other views of the T21El tripod mount using a water -cooled cal. . 50 B. M.G. are shown on Plate No. 116-1217.
RIA 742-39963 (1934)
Wheeled mount with T21E1 tripod References: APG 32654, APG 32566, APG-O.P.5082
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1218
387
T23El TRIPOD MOUNT, WHEELED Caliber .30
The T23E1 Tripod Mount is presented in detail on Plate No. 116- 1140.
RIA- 728 - 4009 5(193 5)
Components of this Assembly Include: (1) (2) (3) (4)
T12 Tripod Base, shown on Plate No. 116- 1212. T5E1 Cradle and Pintle, shown on Plate No. 116-1095. M1917 caliber . 30 water - cooled Browning Machine Gun. · Wheel and Axle Assembly detailed below.
RIA 7 28-40099 (1935)
Detail of Wheel and Axle Assembly
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1215
388
T23 TRIPOD MOUNT, WHEELED
Both variations of the T12 tripod base used in these mounts are shown on Plate No. 116- 1212. The T5 cradle and pintle assem bly used in both mounts is shown on P late 116 - 1095.
The T23 tr ipod m ount is detailed on Plate 116 - 1142.
RIA 728-39854 (193 4) T23 tripod on axle and wheel assembly.
Wheeled Mount References: RIA- MG- 12 (R-19 ) RIA 728 - 398616 (19 34)
Modified T23 tripod with alternate designaxle and wheel assembly.
BIPOD MOUNTED SOLOTHURN GUNS
Solothurn 20 mm AT Rifle APG 37666 (1939) The anti -tank rifle was cap able of one man transport with a small wheeled carriage. A telescopic sight was used with this gun.
Solothurn 7. 92 LMG
APG 31857 (1934)
The light machine gun could be used with a ring sight as shown to the left. The weapons shown for comparison are, in de scending order, as follows: 20 MM Solothurn Anti - Tank Rifle Cal. . 50 Browning Machine Gun 7. 92 Solothurn Light Machine Gun Cal. ,30 Browning Machine Gun Cal.. 30 Browning Automatic Rifle Cal.• 30 Garand Semi-Automatic Rifle APG 30726 (1933) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1717
390
EARLY WHEELED MOUNTS -FRENCH Used With Hotchkiss 8 MM Machine Guns The wheeled parapet mount shown in the upper view used an M1897 Hotchkiss Clip Fed Machine Gun.
A skate mount usingthe M1897 Gun is shown on Plate No. 116-1100.
The wheeled tripod mount shown below used an M1903 Hotchkiss Belt Fed Machine Gun. Firing was possible while the tripod was in the folded transport position as shown. REF : T hi s t r i p o d in use and gun d at a may be seen on page 19 2 of "The Machine Gun" by Chinn.
Shown b e 1 o w is a wheeled ammo supp 1 y cart, horse drawn, used with the M 1903 Hotchkiss Machine Guns.
M1912 DREYSE MG 7. 9 MM ON WHEELED TRIPOD MOUNT - GERMAN
Tripod mount folded in transport pos ition
Detail of pintle
M1912 Dreyse MG 7. 9 mm on wheeled tripod mount 392
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1739
WHEELED MOUNT & AA TRIPOD MOUNTS SOVIET
DShK M1938 12. 7 mm heavy machine gun on shielded wheeled mount. Mfg. 1945. Ref: DA- 30- 50- 1 394 lb w/tripod
Additional wheeled mounts are shown on Plate 116- 1732
DShK M1938 12.7 mm heavy machine gun on wheeled tripod antiaircraft or ground mount. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1734
393
ELEVATOR TRIPOD MOUNT, 20mm MADSEN, DANISH
Depressed Position and Elevated Anti - Aircraft Position of Madsen 20mm Automatic Cannon on Tri pod Mount.
Madsen 20mm with Tripod Folded and Wheels Installed for Transportation. A Second Type of Wheeled Mount and Non - Elevating Tripod is shown on Plate 116- 1438.
These Dansk IndustriSyndikat guns and mounts were manufactured prior to World War II. The same guns were also carriedonthe pedestal mounts for naval use, as shown on Plate 116- 1436.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1437
394
TRIPOD MOUNTS, 20mm AUTOMATIC CANNON, FOREIGN A single 20mm Madsen automatic cannon was used in this assembly. The gun could be used in the tripod on the ground or on the wheeled mount. This mount was made in Denmark prior to World War IT.
-------.. ,.
:.. ,,;,t~ \ ~· ··.. ···: .
... . •, . · ·.:t'
~
The same gun in pedestal mounts is shown on Plate No. 116-1436, and on an elevator tripod mount on Plate No. 116-1437.
..
This mount used a 20mm HSS 820 automatic cannon on a tripod ground mount equipped with a set of wheels for transportation. The gun was cap able of 360 o traverse and could be used against ground or aircraft targets.
Chinn.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1438
395
TRIPOD MOUNTS,
20mm Automatic
-F OREIGN
20mm AA Tripod Ground Mount ( 1938) - Italian REF: Italian Manual N. 3211, Cannone Mitragliera DA20 MOD 35
REF : Hispano Suiza Geneva NG/206 UT1B1368 20mm AA Tripod Mount This used a 20mm type HSS404 automatic gun. The magazine had 60 rounds. The mount used a set of wheels for transportation and took 20 seconds to emplace. It was similar to the mount shown on Plate 116-1438.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1850
396
20 MM TRIPOD MOUNT
- SWITZERLAND
APG A63121 (1950) Gun in firing position at maximum depression.
APG A63122 (1950) Gun in traveling position on wheeled mount. This Oerlikon 20 mm automatic cannon 5 TG and tripod mount with wheeled carriage was tested at Aberdeen Proving Grounds. REFERENCE: APG Project TS3-3014
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1440
397
WHEELED MOUNT WITH 20MM GUN
-JAPANESE
Traverse: 360° Elevation: 85 o Depression: 10 o
This mount e mp 1 oy e d the gasoperated Japanese 20mm A. A./ A. T. Automatic Cannon, Model 98 (1938). The c a r r i a g e mount permitted firing from its wheels. Supported on outriggers with wheels removed, it had a fast 360 o traverse. For traveling, towing shafts were inserted in s 1 o t s at the end of the trails, and a traveling 1 o c k which connected the f or war d part of the gun bar r e 1 to the bottom carriage held the gun rigid in transit.
"Ordnanc.e Sergeant"
The weapon had an elevating handwheel and was laid in direction by means of shoulder pressure on the rest at left rear of the weapon. A vertical box- type magazine had a capacity of 20 rounds and fitted into a slot in the top of the receiver and was held in place by a spring catch. Weight of gun & mount: 836 lb (traveling position) 592 lb (firing position) REFERENCES:
"Catalog of Enemy Ordnance Materiel" Vol. 11, Japanese "Ordnance Sergeant", July 1954.
NOVILLE Plat e No . 116 - 1751
398
DIVISION C
SECTION 3
LIGHTWEIGHT TRIPOD GROUND MOUNTS This section covers tripods and quadruped ground mounts developed and used in World War II as well as post- World War IT developments. These mounts were mainly for caliber .30 and caliber .50 machine guns and the 7 .92mm foreign weapons. The mounts illustrated herein underwent considerable development and operational experience and as a result were light in weight, easily set up and compact. The M2 caliber .30 tripod and M3 caliber .50 tripod were extensively used by the United States throughout World War IT, even though they were not as stable as the M1917Al tripod. The Germans utilized a more complex design of ground mount incorporating telescopic sight brackets and traversing mechanism. These were unique in that an anti-aircraft adapter was incorporated to allow the gun to be set at high angles of elevation for anti-aircraft fire. In general, these mounts were sufficiently light in weight to enable one person
to lift and carry as an assembly.
399
M2 LIGHTWEIGHT TRIPOD MOUNT, Caliber .30 In the interval between World War I and the period of tension preceding World War II, the United States had two models of tripod mounts for the caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun. These were the Models M1917 and M1917Al. The M1917A1 was a sturdy mount with adequate provisions for Infantry use, however, its weight made it difficult to carry over long distances and its bulk made stowage in vehicles a severe problem. Accordingly, a development program was initiated in 1929 to obtain a lightweight, compact tripod mount to be carried on combat vehicles. This proposed mount was intended for emergency use on which machine guns removed from the combat vehicle could be fired on the ground. A developmental mount designated T1, shown on Plate 116- 1693, in 1932 replaced the emergency tripod mount Mark IV (Plate 116- 1690) which had been used in World War I. In 1933 the T1 Mount, in turn, was replaced by the Light Machine Gun Mount, caliber .30, T7El. This was a simple tripod mount made principally of steel tubingwhich had been developed for the Cavalry. In 1940 the T7E1 nomenclature was changed to Mount, Tripod, Machine Gun, Caliber .30, M2, and a slow motion traversing device was added. In 1942 the traversing device was eliminated and a traversing bar was substituted in conjunction with the C74620 elevating mechanism. The M2 mount was durable, light in weight, and easily carried, and was extensively used throughout World War n by nearly every branch of the Armed Forces. It was carried on practically all combat vehicles requiring emergency ground mounts. This mount used the pintle 5559332 (C59332) which was also made part of the D54075 Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Tray Assembly, shown on Plate 116-1089. The caliber . 50 M3 Tripod Mount which was similar in design to the M2 also used this same pintle. Thus, those vehicle mounts using the D54075 cradle could accommodate either caliber .30 or caliber .50 machine guns and could be rapidly set up on the ground in either the cal. .30 M2 or the caliber .50 M3 Tripod Mounts. The M2 caliber .30 Tripod Mount did not completely replace the heavier M1917A1, which was retained in service due to its greater inherent stability. A program for improvement of the M1917A1 Tripod has resulted in the M74 Tripod Mount (Plate No. 116-1646) and others in a series of experimental tripods. M2 TRIPOD MOUNT REFERENCES: P/N 6507052, Dwg. D7052 ORD 3 SNL A-1, Section 1 ORD 7 SNL A-6 TM 9-2205, 1952 and 1953 TM 9-2200, 1949 TM 9-1205, FM 23-55 OCM 11162, 15987, 16327, 18268, 18391 RIA Photo File 720
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1236T
400
M2 MOUNT, TRIPOD Caliber .30 TABULATED DATA: Weight: 14 lbs. Traverse Mechanism Range: 50° (free, 360°) Elevating Mechanism Range: 19 o· Efevation 25 6 Depression (Free: 21 o Elevation, 45 o Depression)
RAPD 60921 The M2 Tripod Mount with the M119A4 caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun is shown to the right.
KN08 - AI39960 ----~
PLATE - AI40267 ------, SCRE W- 8CNX3D8 \ 8USHING - 8108201 DIAL - 8108200 80LT- AI69881 ...----++-- 80LT-AI69882
-------1-l---
SCREW - 8CUXIFG SCREW- Al39975 -----..lilot\ LEG - C59338 KN08-AI39961 STOP-AI40001
MECHANISM . ELE VATING -C74620 LEG -8108195 RA PO 3986
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1236
401
-----~~
:PJ!;RrMENTAL MODIFIED M2 TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber .30 MG
RIA 1089 - 19872 (1951)
This lightweight experimental model was similar in most respects to the M2 Tripoc Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1236, differing principally in type of construction by replace ment of the tubular tripod legs with rectangular tripod legs and the incorporation of a lightening hole in the tripod base head. It used the 5559332 (C59332) pintle and the C74620 elevating mechanism.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1812
402
M2 TRIPOD, CALIBER . 30, WITH EXPERIMENTAL GUNS
The Sedgley caliber . 30 light machine gun with a special pintle and rear support for use on the M2 tripod is shown at left. The auto- ordnance c a 1 i be r . 30 light machine gun with details of its pintle and rear support for use on the M2 tripod are shown below.
APG 52228 (1941)
APG 52560 (1941)
APG 52562 ( 1941) APG 52559 (1941) Pintle and Rear Support Details NOVILLE P late No. 116-1651
403
M2 TRIPOD MOUNT WITH ADAPTER FOR ROBINSON ·CALIBER .30 MG
Robinson Cal. .30 Machine Gun mounted on U.S. Tripod Mount M2. This mount is also shown on Plate 116- 1236.
Components of Robinson Cal. .30 Machine Gun
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1778
404
T40E3 MG RECOIL MECHANISM - Cal. .30
APG A39668 ( 46) T40E3 Recoil Mechanism on M2 Tripod Mount. The T40E3 R e c o i 1 Mechanism was of the parallelogram type made from two metal stampings. It weighed 3. 75 pounds.
APG A3928.8 ( 46) Top view of T40E3 Recoil Mechanism on M2 T r i p o d Mount.
APG A39667 (46) T40E3 Recoil Mechanism - M2 Tripod Mount Ml919A4 cal. . 30M. G. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1695
405
Tested under APG 5082/357 ( 47) with T113 & T109 Tri pod Mounts it was found that the M1919A4 gun on T40E3 Recoil Mechanism fired from M2 Tripod Mount, Plate 166-1236, was the most satisfactory combination.
M3 MOUNT, TRIPOD, Caliber . 50
RA PD 43227
TABULATED DATA: M3 Mount Weight: Maximum Elevation, free: Maximum Depression, free: Traverse, free:
44 lbs. 5. 6° 14° 360°
L. H. view with caliber . 50 M2 heavy barrel, flexible, Browning Machine Gun. RAPD 43226
A - SCREW, PINTLE LOCK HOUSING-AI4 1950 B- WASHER, LOCK - 11 5547 C - CAM, RELEASE , PINTLE LOCK-AI41080 D - LOCK , PINTLE -A 140225 E- STOP. DIAL LOCK ING KNOB -A140001 F - KNOB. LOCK IN G DIAL-A I3996 1 G - NUT, (HEX., 1/ 2J-218571 H - NUT , (HEX., 1/ 4}-2 18563 I - SPACER . TR IPOD HEAD-AI4021 9 J - BOLT, TRIPOD HEAD, SMALL-Al10485 K - BOLT, TRIPOD HEAD. LARGE -AI70486 L - BOLT, PINTLE-A139913 M - PIN. COTTER, 11 / S"x 1/4}- 103386 N -N UT, PINTLE BOLT-A I 39964 0 - PINTLE. GUN -C59332 P - SCREW. LOCK ING, DIAL-AI40228 Q - DIAL, TRAVERS ING-B108200 R - HEAD, TRIPOD-C594 19 S - SCREW. CLICK . ELEVAT ING HANDWHEEL-A 140237 T - PLATE, SERRATED-B108396 U -SCR EW, CLAMP, FRONT LEG. ASS'Y-B108395 V - PIN , STGHT .. 13/ 16' X r'i5055 13 W - PIN , STGHT., 11 / S"X 1-1/ 4J- 505517 X - PIN , STGHT., 13/ 8" X 1-3/ 4i - I 03775 Y - HANDLE -A 140223 Z - NUT. FRONT LEG CLAMP SCREW-B I 0840 1 AA - SCREW, (SET, HDlS., Fl-PT. ) -540896 BB - SPR ING. PINTLE LOCK-R 140209 CC - HOUSING. PINTLE LOCK -B153 11 8
RA PD 91869
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1647
Tripod Head Major Components 406
M3 TRIPOD MOUNT VARIATIONS The M3 Tripod Mount, Caliber . 50, is shown on Plate 116-1647.
T24 Light Machine Gun (German MG 42) shown with special pintle and rear support adapter on M3 Tripod Mount. APG 99256 (1944) The T24 machine gun, shown mounted on an M3 tripod, was a copy of the German machine gun, Model 42. Unfortunately this U. S. copy of the MG 42 failed to perform and the development program. was halted. Chinn, in his book "The Machine Gun", covers the problems encountered in the U.S. development of this weapon. A reverse arrangement of a U.S. caliber .30 machine gun on a U.S. copy of the German tripod mount for the MG 34 was also investigated. This tripod mount, de signated T88, was intended for use with the T24 gun. REFERENCE: OCM 24737 and Army Infantry Board Report 1733.
T31 Type 20mm T26 Gun on M3 Tripod Mount. When sandbags were used to weigh down the tripod legs the above arrangement was satisfactory in all positions of traverse. Special simple pintle and rear support brackets were used to support the 20mm gun. The complete assembly, including the T14 20mm feed mechanism (not shown above) weighed 170 pounds. Other data on this experimental mount may be found in Report APG 5082/306 (1944). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1681
407
ELEVATOR CRADLES FOR M3 CAL . . 50 TRIPOD MOUNT The Ml AA Elevator Cradle was standardized in 1943 and made limited standard in 1945. It was used to convert the M3 Tripod Mount into an anti-aircraft mount. Weight: 90 lbs. Elevation: 92 °. Depression: 16 °. Ml Elevator Cradle on M3 Tripod Mount. RAPD 82820
Cradle Group, M1 Elevator Cradle.
RA PO 16958
A series of elevator cradles for the M3 Tripod Mount was tested at Aberdeen in 1943; the T78E4, T78E5, and T78E6 (none illustrated here). The final result, the T78E6, cons is ted of a cradle, a column and a three legged brace to fit on the M3 Mount. The total weight was 95 pounds. T78E4 REF: OCM 20745, OCM 20807 T78E5 REF: OCM 20943. An experimental elevator cradle developed around 1941 for the M3 tripod mount is shown at the right and left. REF: RIA 721 Photo File.
RIA 721-5278
M1 AA Elevator Cradle M1 Elevator Cradle Ref APG 5676/14 (19 44) AFB 1631 (1944) AFB 1491 TM 9 -1225 (1944) TM 9 -2200 (1949) SNL A-39
Components of experimental elevator cradle.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1648
408
RIA 721-5275 Experimental elevator cradle on M3 Mount at maximum elevation.
Tll TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber . 50
RIA 708 - 39378
This tripod mount is shown in these views with the experimental caliber . 50 ma chine gun T2, Serial No. 3.
RIA 708 - 39379 (1933)
Tll MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA Photos; 708-39377, 708-39374, 708-39375, 708-39376.
NOVILLE PlatC' No. 116 - 1659
409
T109 TRIPOD MOUNT, LIGHT Caliber . 30 This experimental aluminum mount, weight 17. 50 lbs., was designed with vertical leaf type recoil springs integral with the mount. 0 the r features were: ( 1) Variable command height. (2) Separate traversing and ele vating mechanisms. (3) Center of gravity of gun sight rear of traverse bar. ( 4) Front end of water jacket was clamped over tripod pintle socket.
APG A3929 5 ( 46) T109 Tripod employed with caliber . 30 M1917Al Machine Gun.
APG A39 671 ( 46) APG 5082/357 (47). Tests found unsatisfactory as during elevation the traversing gears easily became disengaged. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1694
APG A39294 (46) 410
T112 AND T113 TRIPOD MOUNTS Caliber .30 T113 REFERENCES APG 5082/357 OCM 25100 OCM 25339 NM 355.82
APG A39290 ( 46 )
Infantry Board Reports: 969 - 1055-11381765- 1146-17331139 - 1852
T113 Shown with M1917A1 caliber . 30 M.G. The T113 Tr ipod Mount was a step in the development of the M74 Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 1646, 1820. A resume of this develooment is given below .
Chinn, The Machine Gun, Vol. I & II Chapt. 16
T112 Tripod Mount, Light caliber . 30 This was a composite of M1917A1 Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 109 7, and the T 43 Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 1667. Made of aluminum, the total weight was 23. 18 lb. When tested at APG in January of 1945 stabilitywas found approximately same as M1917A1 Mount at low deflections. Also tested at Fort Benning in 1945. REF: Chinn, The Machine Gun, Vol. I & IT, Chapt. 16 T113 Tripod Mount, Light. Used M.G. cal. . 30 M1917A1 and M1919A6. Also used M18 57 mm Recoilless Rifle and M20 75 mm Recoilless Rifle. Was same as T112 Mount except T18 Recoil absorbers were incorporated in gun mount cradle. Consisted of two major assemblies: (1) The tripod base which included adjustable azimuth scale, pintle socket and pintle locking screw. (2) The pintle and cradle which included the recoil absorbing mechanism and incorporated the normal two sets of elevation and azimuth adjustments . Made of aluminum and weighed 24 lb 9 ounces. AGF Bd. No. 3, Project 2015 ( 47) after tests rec ommended its modification to increase strength of components.
T113E1 & T113E2 Tripod Mounts Plate 116-1678. Modifications of the T113 Tripod Mount. T113E2 became standardized as M7 4 Tripod Mount.
Left: Cradle & Pintle Assembly of T113 Tripod Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1669
APG A42515 (46)
411
T113E2 TRIPOD MOUNT, LIGHT Cal. .30 and 75mm Recoilless Rifle
RIA 1075 - 19487 (1950) T113E2 Tripod Mount With M1919A4 Cal. 30 BMG The T113E2 Tripod Mount was standardized as the M74 Tripod Mount, Plates 116 1646 and 116-1820, after minor modifications upon recommendation of Army Field Force Bd. No. 3, Project 2331 (1951). The T113E2 Mount was a modification of the T113E 1 T·r ipod Mount, three models of which were tested at Fort Benning under AFF Bd. No. 3 Project 2172 (1949). These mounts were further development of the T113 Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116-1669. The T113E1 Mount used the cal. . 30 M1917 BMG and the T113E2 Mount used the cal . . 30 M1919A4 BMG. Both mounts could mount the 75 mm recoiless rifle. References: OCM 25100; OCM 25339 Haberstump-Harris, Inc. ; Reports P328 (June 1950) and P653 (Oct. 1951). RIA Photos 1075-21579, 21581, 43934, 43935
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1678
412
M74 MOUNT, TRIPOD, WEAPON
M37 Caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun on M7 4 Tripod Mount. SA 9703 (1953)
Recoilless rifle on M74 Tripod Mount, used with cradle in reversed posi tion.
Detail of Cradle Assembly. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1646
413
RIA 1075-43935 (1953)
M74 TRIPOD WEAPON MOUNT Caliber .30 & 57 & 75mm
·x
' A- SCREW, FL-HD, 1I 4-20NC~2 1- 1I 4- 115358 . .: · B- RING, SPINDLE RETAINING- 7146252 .. C-SPINDLE PINTLE- 7146247 . 0 - PIN, STGHT, CHAMFERED, 114 X 1- 112-;-'505527 E- BOOY, PINTLE- 7146312 F- NUT, CRADLE LOCKING SCREW- 71.39155 SSCREW, CAP, SOCKET-HD, NO 8G- p2NC-3 X 518 LONG- 216287 · . H- WASHER, f..OCK, !NT-TEETH, NO 8- 131197 . J- BUSHING, CRADLE PIVOT- 7139158 K- PIN, REAR LOCKING, ASSY- 7 141527 L- BODY CRADLE- 7146250 M"-BUSHING, CRADLE LOCKING SCREW- -7139156 N- SCREW CRADLE LOCKING-7146264 P- HAN(')LE, CRADLE LOCKIN~7141535 Q-PIN, STGHT, CHAMFERED, 118 X 5116- 505491 R- NUT, HANDLE RETAINING-7146234 S-PIN, F.ONT LOCKING, ASSY-- 714g:_D 1
Shown on this plate are the tripod and pintle assemblies of the M74 Mount. Other viewf of this mount are shown on Plate 116-1646. This 29 1/2 lb mount was developed to replace the M1917Al cal. .30 Tripod Mount af ground mount for the cal. .30 machine guns. It was also used as a ground mount for thE M18, 57mm, and M20, 75mm recoiless rifles. The M74 was the standardization of the T113E2 Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 1678. Aresume of its development is given on Plate 116-1669. The cradle of the Repeating Rocket Launcher Tripod Mount, M77, Plate 116-1645 would fit and operate with the tripods of the M74 & M1917Al mounts.
-, ..,...,...~....-.,.._,.--
OCM 25339 initiated development of an M 7 4 E 1 Tripod Weapon Mount. REFERENCES: OCM 33427; TM 9-2005 {53); ORD Part No. 7146253; SNL A-86 APG TS2-2023/13 {53) Haberstump-Harris Inc. Report P653 {51) SA Photos SA-9706 (53), SA9703 (53)
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1820
A- LEG, FRONT, ASSY-:7142830 B--SOCKET, PINTLE, GROUP (PIN, STGHT, CHAMFERED, -:11/8 X 15/16-505491 -D-LEG, REAR, RIGHT, ASSY-7142832 £- SCREW, LEG CLAMPING-7146131 · F_:SPACER, LEG CLAMPING-7146223 ~LEG, REJliR, LEFT; ASSY- 7142831 H- HANDLE, LEG CLAMPING-7146132 . J-NUT, HANDLE RET... INING-7146~34 .•
C
RAP.D
414
20084~
M77 REPEATING ROCKET LAUNCHER MOUNT
RIA 1086- 19774 (51 ) M77 Mount in folded position
The M77 Mount, de signed for use with the M25 Repeating Rocket Launcher, consisted of a cradle, pintle and tripod base. An e 1eva t in g mechanism was built into the cradle. Free traverse was obtained by release of the tripod pintle lock. The cradle could be e as i l y removed from or installed on tripod by completely releasing the pintle lock.
RIA
21581
M77 Mount with M25 Repeating Rocket Launcher The tripod base with variable command height was similar in all respects to the tripod base of the M74 Tripod Weapons Mountshown on Plates 116-1646 and 1820. TM 9-297A (51 ) stated that the launcher cradle would also fit and operate on the tripods of the M74 and M1917Al Mounts. REF: TM 9-297A (51), SNLB-44. M77 Mount - Cradle and pintle assembly and tripod base. NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1645
415
Tlol TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber . 30
REFERENCES: OCM 31527 Rl'A Photo 203 - 43732
RIA 2038 - 43729 (53)
This mount was designed to employ the Light Ma chine Gun T52E2, cal. . 30.
Maximum depression of cradle unit.
The cradle assembly had an integral recoil isola tion unit. The pintle was similar to the cradle pintle of the M1917 A1 T r i pod Mount, Plate 116- 1096. The tripod base was the same as that used with the M7 4 Tripod Mount shown on Plates 116-1 646 and 116 - 1820.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1679
416
TRIPOD MOUNTS - FOREIGN ub-Machine Gun aunt, used with hnm (Parabellum ) rype HSS Mp. 43/ 44 )ub- Machine Gun. :tEF : Hispano Suiza :reneva NG/206 )T1B1368
APG A50525 ( 1947 ) Russian Tripod Mount, shown with DS 7. 62 Degtyarev M1939 belt fed machine gun.
Below: French Tripod Mount, shown with Hotchkiss 7. 5mm light machine gun . APG 31860 (1934)
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1846
417
ANTI - AIRCRAFT RING MOUNT USED AS GROUND MOUNT Caliber .50 BMG
- BRITISH
This mount was designed to be demounted quickly from a cab roof and used as a ground mount by the attachment of a folding tubular tripod base.
Below: Components of ring mount for firing from ground.
Above: Rear view showing Cal. .50 BMG mounted on ring mount on tripod base. Gunner's seat is suspended from ring. Total weight of the ring and support structure was approx. 130 lb. The heavyb a r r e 1 e d Browning Gun , with r i n g an d s up p o r t , weighed 160 lb minimum .
Below: Side view of mount with Browning Heavy Barreled C a 1 . . 50 Machine Gun. Note spring for balance in elevation. The mount permitted 360 o r otation, with +90° to - 10° elevation.
This mount is shown truck-mounted on Plate 116-1359. 418
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1360
TRIPOD MOUNTS
-CZECH
Left: Tripod Mod. 2B 309 This tripod of simple design could be used for ground and A. A. firing, and also for indirect ground firing . It was collapsible and easily transportable by troops or pack animals .
Elevation: Depression: T raverse: Weight of tripod: Weight with A. A.
approx. 21 o approx. 8 o approx. 33 38.5 lb attachment: 44.3 lb 0
Right: Tripod Mod. 206 for light MG ZB 30J. This light tripod's construction permitted terrain and A. A. firing, and it was easily transportable. F or ground firing it had an· elevation angle of 19 o. With legs adjustable for A. A. firing, it had a maximum elevation of 70 o. The traverse arc firing angle was ±22 o • Weight of tripod was 29.1 lb.
Left: Tripod Mod. ZB 308 for heavy MG ZB 37. Like ZB 309, this tripod could be used for ground and A. A. firing, and for indirect firing. It was provided with an extension for A.A. firing which permitted a barrel elevation of 85 o. In ground firing position the barrel had an elevation of 10 o and a depression of 18°. The traverse arc firing angle was ± 18 o 20'. Weight complete was 50.7 lb. REFERENCE: APG Museum, ABROJOVKA BRNG. Nat'l. Corp. "Arms Ammunition Accessories" NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1584
419
TRIPOD MOUNT WITH MADSEN 7MM LIGHT MACHINE GUN
- DANISH
41909 This mount, as with the German tripod mounts shown on Plates 116- 1682, - 1685, -1684, differed structurally from most U.S. tripod mounts in that the gun's weight was distributed at both the front and two rear legs rather than at the central axis as were most of the U. S. mounts.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1719
420
TRIPOD MOUNT
-FRENCH
RIA 1088 - 19843 (51)
French Tripod M ou nt for light machine gun , shown in low position.
Left: Detail of the rear leg joint, release d position.
RIA 1088- 19849 (51) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1718
421
GROUND TRIPOD MOUNT F OR MG 34, German WWII
Lafette 34 (Tripod Mount 34) shown with the 7.92mm MG34 in ground firing po sition with belted ammunition and supply box. The mount as shown weighed 68 - 1/2 pounds (including the 24 - 1/4 pound gun). Reference: APG 78863 (1943)
The bipod ( Zweibein) and gun weighed 26 - 1/4 pounds. This arrangement is shown with the 50 round spring loaded drum. Bipod Ref: OCO Page 215
APG 80852 (1943)
Reference: TM E9 - 206A (MG 34, Equipment & Mounts) OCO Page 213.
The tripod AA Adapter part "LafettenaufSatzstuck" was used to convert this ground tri pod mount into an anti -aircraft mount.
TELESCOPIC SIGHT BRACKET
The standard AA tripod mount is shown on Plate 116 - 1683. UPPER CUSHION FRONT LEG RA PD 8431 5
NOVILLE PlatP. No. 116-1682
422
ANTI-AIRCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNT WITH MG 34, GERMAN WWll
Dreiben 34 (AA Tripod 3 4 ) with the 7. 9MM MG 34. The MG 34 on the M3 U.S. Tripod is shown on Plate 116 -1681.
Either the 75 round Pat ronentrommel 34 (maga zine 34) shown in place, or belted ammunition from a supply container, or the drums suspended below, could be used with the 7.92 MM Maschinegewehr 34, (Machine Gun 34).
Gurttrommel 34 (Belt Drum Magazine) These 50 round belted ammunition drums were used on the AA mount, the bipod mount, and the ground tripod with AA adapter, but not on the ground tripod( shown on Plate 116 - 1682).
APG 78864 (1943) REF: TM E 9-206A sc 165134 RAPD 84317
Detail of Belted Ammunition Drum Magazine. Detail of Spring Loaded Loose Ammunition Magazine. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1683
RAPD 57320 423
GROUND TRIPOD MOUNT.
GERMAN WWII
This mount was used with the MG 34, as shown in the upper view. Details of the tripod assembly differ considerably from the mount shown on Plate 116-1682, although both had an adapter for anti-aircraft use. 424 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1685
TRIPOD MOUNT FOR MG 42, GERMAN WWII
Solothurn MG- 42 Medium Machine Gun, 7.92mm, on tripod.
Cradle detail. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1684
APG 88016 (1943)
APG 90800 (19 43)
FMAR-64-155 References: APG 90799, 80851
425
- JAPANESE
TRIPOD GUN MOUNTS
General data on guns and mounts is available in the Office of Chief of Ordnance Publication "Catalog of Enemy Ordnance Material", Volume II, Japanese. The Model 3, 6. 5mm MG, designed by Lt. Gen. Kijiro Nambu, appeared in 19 14. With modifications, it became the Model 11 in 1922 . The Model 92 (1932) Nambu super seded the Model 3 as standard in the Japanese Army. The Model 99 was developed in 1939 (2199 by the Japanese Calendar). The Model 3, 6. 5mm MG and heavy tripod mount shown on Plate 116- 1744 weighed 122 lb. The gun alone weighed 61.7 lb. An elevation of 9 o , depression of 15 o and a t raverse of 33.5 o in the cradle were available. The Model 92 , 7. 7mm MG and heavy tripod mount had the same weight and fle xib ility except for the increased elevation range of 11 o and 360 o traverse of the cradle. The Model 01 , 7.7mm MG and light tripod mount weighed 699 lb, with the gun alone weighing 34 lb 2 oz. Total traverse was limited to 45 o within the cradle. This light tripod mount was similar to but smaller than the two heavy mounts previously listed. F or recognition purposes the most apparent difference between these light and heavy tripod mounts was the method of pintle shaft elevation . The earlier designed heavy mounts us ed a wheel crank in the front of the tripod and the later, lighter mounts used a lever crank on the right hand side of the pintle socket. All Nambu machine guns were gas operated and air - cooled with many radial fin s for more surface cooling. Early models had gravity oil reservoirs to lubricate the rounds, but from the Model 99 on they were not needed due to improved machining methods. The Nambu machine guns were patterned closely after the Hotchkiss guns, with the exception of the ejection system, which was an exact duplicate of the Lewis system. The Japanese did very little original work in the field of automatic weapons but modified existing weapons to suit specific needs and manufacturing conditions.
REFERENCE: The Machine Gun, by Chinn, Vol. 1, P. 353. Catalog of Enemy Ordnance Material, Vol. II, Japanese, published by the Offic e of Chief of Ordnance . Illustrations of these tripod mounts are shown on Plate 116- 1744.
NOVILLE Plat e No . 116-1744T
426
TRIPOD MOUNTS -
. . . . 4.a • •_. ._ .._. _ ..
....
.-
JAPANESE
_••__!!...__•__~-·~-· ··~~···
----- . .... ..
................'t._a.
,!..._~--- ~--.!...l~ · ~!.
- ----
APG 25161 ( 1945) APG 25160 ( 1945) Model 01 ( 1941) 7. 7mm Machine Gun on Light Tripod of 1941
Model92 (1932) 7.7mmHeavyMachine Gun on Heavy Tripod of 1932 FMAR 32
APG A25595 ( 1945)
Model 01 MG and Light Tripod shown for comparison
FMAR 604 · APG A27195 ( 1945) Model 3 (1914) 6 .5mm MachineGun onHeavyTripodof 1914 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1744
427
TRIPOD MOUNT, GROUND & ANTI-AffiCRAFT
-JAPANESE
This dual purpose tripod mount used the 7. 7 mm Lewis Machine Gun, Model 9 2 (1932 ). Indications were that this mount was of naval origin and was used extensively for ship or air base protection as the mount was adaptable for antiaircraft fire. The tubular steel legs of the tripod could be locked at various angles from the ve~ti cal. The leg foot plates had holes by which the tripod could be secured to deck of ship . The head of the tripod had a 360 o traverse without removing the gun from the mount, the main portion of the tripod head could be moved from a horizontalto a vertical position and the gun attached to the top of the head for antiaircraft use. In this position limits of elevation were approximately -80 o to +85 o. In the ground position limits of elevation were approximately -15 o to +85 o. The weight of the gun was approximately 49 pounds and the tripod mount, 73 pounds. 7. 7 mm rimmed Navy ammunition was fed from a 47-round drum. REFERENCE: "Catalog of Enemy Ordnance Material" Vol. 11, Japanese Another type of dual purpose Japanese tripod mount is shown on Plate 116-1747.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1748
428
LIGHT TRIPOD AA and GROUND MOUNT - JAPANESE Type 92 7. 7mm Lewis MG The we a p on carried by this mount vas a Lewis Gun, with blade foresight md rear peepsight.
tE F: Australian Military Forces T. I. S. No. 12, 1944
Gun in ground firing position
Gun in anti- aircraft position
This mount consisted of three tubular steel legs attached to the tripod head which could be rotated 360 o. Azimuth was calibrated in two mil intervals from 0 to 6400 mils. An extension of the tripod head acted as a cradle for the gun when used against ground targets. When used for anti- aircraft, the extension was locked in a vertical position and the gun mounted at the top. Square flat plates were attached to the legs . When tripod was mounted for gr ound use, limits of elevation were approximately -15 o to +60 o. Limits of elevation when used for anti- aircraft were approximately - 80 o to +85 o. It was estimated that the gun could be changed from ground to anti- aircraft position in not more than 15 seaconds.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1822
429
GROUND MOUNTS - JAPANESE
APG A25524 ( 1945)
TRIPOD AA GROUND MOUNT
This dual pur p o s e trip a mount (FMAR711) could be use as either a ground or an anti aircraft g r o u n d m o u n t, b folding or extending the tri pod legs. APG A25530 (19 45)
The mounts on this plat used the Model 22 6. 5 mz Machine Gun (F MAR 41).
BIPOD GROUND MOUNT
APG A25530 (19 45) Another type of dual purpose Japanese ground and antiaircraft mount is shown on plate 116-17 48. 430 NOVILLE Plate No . 11 6-1747
TRIPOD GROUND MOUNT
- NORTH KOREA
WATER JACKET
FIL LI MG PLU G
FLASH HIDER
References: " Leathe r neck," May 19 52
" Materiel in the Hands of or P o s s i b 1 y Available to the Enemy in Korea',' General Headquarters ~ Far East Command, Aug. 1951
Roger Marsh
This Chinese manufactured tripod mount used a Chinese Maxim- type machine gun, caliber 7. 92-mm . The mount was in basic design quite similar to the original German type but the execution of design was considerably different. A tripod replaced the original sledge design of frame. This tripod mount required the addition of a pair of swivelling hand grips pivoted under the gunner's seat.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1750
431
TRIPOD PARAPET MOUNT - BRITISH
SA 7340 (19 50 )
MK I Cal. .303 Hotchkiss Portable MG with mount, with modified grip.
The Hotchkiss Mark I or Mark II light machine gun could be used with the tripod parapet mount as shown below. The gun weighed 27 pounds and fired strip or linked rounds.
f'EEDPIEc.E SPRING
\ HANDGUARO
STRIP
COMBINADON TOOL
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1625
LXVER.
432
SECTION 4
DIVISION C
HEAVY TRIPOD GROUND MOUNTS
This section presents dual purpose ground mounts. These were developed or modified primarily for caliber .50 machine guns with the main design objec tive to make them suitable for anti- aircraft use. These mounts required more than one man for adequate transport. Their weight made it necessary to break down the assembly into components for carrying.
Both tripod and quadruped
mounts are illustrated with elevator devices and gun handle extension devices to allow for extreme ranges of elevation. Some of the cradle and pintle assemblies used with these mounts were also capable of be in g used on vehicle pedestal mounts having sufficient clearance for carrying. The experimental use of a multiple weapon cradle on a quadruped ground mount is shown earlier on Plate 116-1680 in Division B, Section 3, and experimental ring mount conversions for ground use are shown on Plate 116- 1520 in Division F, Section 3.
433
Ml ANTI-AIRCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber . 30 & . 50
APG 22897 (1926} Tripod mount with shoulder rest ins tailed on Liberty Truck.
APG 26979 Shown with Cal. .30 and (1930} adjustable back rest. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1652
M1921 Cal. .5 water cooled Browning Ma chine Gun, charger, T18 stabilizer, M2 water chest, M2 ammunition chest. APG 32403 (1934}
APG 29122 (1932) Shown with T5 Cal. . 50 MG, T6 flash hider, T5 charger, T3 cooling unit 434 and 3 00 round chest.
Ml ANTI-AIRCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNT VARIATIONS Caliber . 30 or . 50
The M1 Mount was issued in 1927 to replace the M1918 AA Tripod cal. . 30. It was made standard for the cal. . 50 B. M.G. in 1933. The M1 Mount was later replaced bythe T25E2 Tripod AA Mount which became the M2 Tripod AA Mount cal. . 50, in 1939. The M1 Mount was previ ously designated the M19 25E 2 AA Tripod Mount. Other views of the M1 Mount are shown on Plate 116- 1652. M1 References: OLM 5960, OCM 10828
APG 24087 (27) Tripod mount with . 50 caliber gun and F. A. T-4 sight. M1921 . 50 cal. M.G . on M1 Mount
APG 26321 (29)
The M1 mounts shown on this plate were modified byT -4 and T- 3 sights and a mounting and sight for the M1921 cal . . 50 machine gun. Other modifications of the Ml Mount, M1E1 and M1E2 are shown on Plate 116-1653.
APG 22938 (26) AA Machine gun sight installed on M1 Mount NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1 675
435
MlEl AND M1E2 ANTI - AIRCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNTS Caliber . 30 and . 50 M1E1 REFERENCES: Dwg. 31223 RIA- MG- 7 (R- 2) (1936) M1E2 REFERENCES: Dwg. 32668 RIA- MG- 32 (R- 3) (1938)
M1E2 Cal. . 50 MG. AA Tripod Mount RIA 77842308 ( 1938)
M1E1 Cal. . 50 MG. AA Tripod Mount, RIA 77840804 ( 1936) These mounts were modifications of the Ml AA Tripod Mount, shown on plates 116- 1652 and 116-1675.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1653
436
T25 TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .50
This ladder - type contr olled mount could be converted into the T26 Pedestal Mount, shown on P late 116 - 1539. This Mount Used: BMG 1921A1, Caliber . 50 T13 Tripod T6, T7, T8 Cradle and Pintle T6, T7 Adapter T19 Stabilizer M2 Water Chest M2 Ammunition Chest
RIA 741-39966 (1934)
REFERENCES: APG 5082/41 (193 4) RIA-MG-16(R-22) APG 32406 RIA 741 - 39965
RIA 7 41-39964 (193 4}
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1540
437
T25El AA TRIPOD MOUNT & T25El AA PEDESTAL MOUNT The M2 water - cooled Browning caliber. 50 ma chine gun was used in these mounts. The T25E2 AA Tripod Mount, Plate 116-1541, and the T26E2 AA Pedestal Mount, Plate 116-1538, were modifications of these mounts.
RIA 741 40777 (1936) RIA 74140771
RIA 741 - 40773 REFERENCES: RIA-MG-15 (R-1)(1936) Dwg. D31278
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 660
438
T25E2 AA TRIPOD MOUNT Caliber .30 & . 50
l•
'
This mount could be converted into the T2 6E2 Pedestal Mount shown on Plate 116-1538 by replacing the tripod legs with a pedestal base assembly. It was standardized as the M2 AA Tripod Mount in 1939, as shown on Plate 116-1676.
Like the T26E2 this mount with various attachments could use: cal. . 50 MG, M2 water - cooled cal. .. 50 MG, M1921A1 water - cooled cal. .30 MG, M1917 water - cooled The T25E2 also used the anti -aircraft Machine Gun, M2, cal. .50 as shown in the photograph on the left.
REFERENCES: RIA 741-42005 (1938)
APG-OP - 5082/18 RIA- MG-30 (R- 4) (1938) RIA- MG-33 (R-5) {1938) P late B RIA- MG - 30
SUPPORT · 0328!58
I
PIN-8144239 SUPPORT·C66204 PLATE.-032.837 PINTLE:-CG6217
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1541
PLATE- B
439
M2 ANTI-AIRCRAFT TRIPOD MOUNT
Caliber .50
RAPD 51072 M2 Mount with Cal. . 50 M2 water - cooled machine gun.
The M2 AA Tripod Mount was the standardization (1939) of the T25E2 AA Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1541, replac ing the Ml AA Tripod Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1652. Later developments of this mount were the M2A1 and M2E1 shown on Plate 116 - 1650, and the M3 AA Mount, Plate 116 - 1564, which replaced the M2 in 1942. The pedestal version of this mount, also desig nated the M2, was the standardization of the T26E2 AA Pedestal Mount shown on Plate 116- 1538. Total Weight, including gun - 485. 5 pounds. Maximum elevation of 68 °. Maximum Depression of 15 °. REFERENCES: M2 AA Tripod Mount Dwg. No. D33136, OCM 14728, OCM 18462, OCM 19249, OCM 22206, OCM 23774, RIA- MG- 30(R- 6) (1938), RIA 741 Photo File, Ord Neg. 13445. REFERENCES: M2 AA Pedestal Mount Dwg. No. D38522, OCM 16305, OCM 14728, OCM 16538, OCM 181038, OCM 18192, OCM 26563.
NOVILLE J>l ;1 t e No . 116- !671j
440
T56 TRIPOD MOUNT, AA Caliber .50
:::~~~~:::4·----~
MECHANISM 1 TRIGGER CONTROL -C90669
WASHER-AI61749 - - -
SIGHT-040609
CONTAINER·C68339 - - - - - - - , .
CRADLE- 040807
SPRING-A\95469 - - - - - - - - - - . _
HEAO · C6~474
--------.....
HOOK·BI09475 - - - - - - . . . LEG ASSEMBLY-03 2395
SPAOE ·A14\905
P late A, from RIA - MG-51 The caliber . 50 M2, W. C. Machine Gun was used with this ladder- type controlled anti -aircraft tripod mount developed at the Rock Island Arsenal. The primary mount components were the pintle 040565, the pedestal 040595, the base ring D32404, the tripod legs 032395, and the cradle D40607 shown on Plate No. 116-1563. This cradlearidtheaccompanyingrecoilmechanism, 040604 and C90659, the firing mechanism 040608, B194332, C90669 andC67119, and sight 040690, were the This designalongwith the same as that used with the T57 AA Pedestal Mount led T57 A. A. Pedestal Mount of into the development of the Plate 116-1544. M3 A. A. Tripod Mounts hown This mount could be fired on Plate 116-1564. from a truck bed, however the APG Report 5082/202 conT56 REFERENCES: cluded that while the mount Dwg. 040624, OCM 16305, was stable as compared to OCM 18103, OCM 18192. other semi-portable mounts, Rock Island Technical it was too bulky and heavy to Notes, RIA-MG-51 (Jan 42) be applicable to automotive APG Report 5082/202 equipment. (May 1942)
in Maximum Elevation of The T56 was capable of a depression of 30° and traverse of 360°. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1545
441
M3 AA CAL . . 50 MOUNT (ARMY) MARK 30 MOUNT (NAVY) Tripod Version
Plate 116-1535 shows the pedestal version and gives data for the mount.
M3 Tripod Mount (MK30) with Cal. . 50, BMG M2, water- cooled. M3 Tripod Mount (MK30) with Cal. . 50 aircraft BMG and counterbalance in place.
3751TJ- KAME PlATE
In 1942 this moun replaced the M2 J Mount shown on P 116-1676. CRADLE -~~~
~-l-------1- tw«X..E
EIW:E 9U Cl.AlftfO·
~0:'~
"1 LEG - ~~.~ -
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1564
M3 Tripod Mount (MK 30) general arrangement of mount with water - cooled BMG. 442
T69 AA CALIBER . 50 TRIPOD MOUNT
weight: 400 lbs . Traverse: 360 o Elevation: 90 o Depression: 12 o
APG 79888 (1943) T43 Mount at Maximum Depression
,
..
• r ,
.
,.
. ·. ·.. ~ ·'·.
~
..
. ,.
This mount designed to produce an acceptable mount similar to the M3 AA MG Mount, shown on Plate 116 - 1564 , was tested at Aberdeen and reported on in APG 5082/258 (1943 ). It was found functionally satisfactory and to possess general characteristics desired in a caliber . 50 AA Mount. It differed little from the M3 Mount, the pedestal was a single casting with the re volving bearing at the top of the pedestal, whereas the M3 Mount was made of two cast ings connected together by the revolving bearing. The T69 Mount had double recoil and counter - recoil springs, whereas the M3 had single recoil and counter - recoil springs .
.. - ........ .. '!""'-
30° Elevation. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1668
Maximum Elevation
APG 79889
443
APG 79890
. - ...
T77 & T77El AA CAL . . 50 TRIPOD MOUNTS T77 MOUNT: Weight 159 - 1/2 pounds Elevation - 82 o Depression - 33 o Traverse - 360 ° The T77El Mount differed princi pally from the T77 in its cradle. T77 had a spring recoil adapter and trigger mechanism that fired the gun from the back plate trigger while the T77E1 had a standard Bell Aircraft Recoil adapter and a trigger mechanism that fired the gun with a special side plate trigger. The T77 Series together with the T72 Series of AA cal. . 50 turret mounts led to the develop ment of the T91 AA Tripod Mounts , Plate 116- 1601.
T77E1 MOUNT: Weight - 192 pounds Elevation - 92 o Depression - 36 o Traverse - 360 ° T77 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 19689, APGOP 5082/261 (1943) T77E1 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 19689, APGOP 5082/262 (1943) Other mounts of this series were the T77E2 and T77E3 AA cal. , 50 Tripod Mounts.
APG 85176 (1943) T77E1 Mount at maximum depression.
The leg assembly of these mounts were so designed as to be mounted in the bed of a truck.
APG80490 (1943)
T77 Mount on Truck Bed.
APG 79883 (1943) T77 Mount at maximum elevation. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1602
T91El AA TRIPOD MOUNT
APG 94070 (1943) T91E1 mount with M2, HB, BMG.
The T91, T91El, T91E2, and the T91E3 mounts were all develop ments leading to the M63 anti aircraft mount s hown on Plate No. 116- 1254.
The T91 series was developed from the T72 and T77 series of experimental tripod mounts. The T77 is detailed on Plate 116 -1602.
While the T91 and T91El used tripod bases, the T91 E2 and T91E3 were four-legged mounts. The The T91E3 mount is shown on Plate 116-1 600.
The T91 used the legs and pedestal of the T77E3, the cradle of the T72El, and the ammunition box bracket of the T77E3, but did not include a trigger control. It was completed in late 1943 and tested. These tests showed that stability could be improved by certain changes in bracing. An improved model, without a recoil cradle and equipped with a pintle socket of the same type as the M24 truck mount, was found satisfactory and was designated T91El. Later tests and improvements by Airborne Command at Camp Davis, North Carolina, reduced the trunnion height to approximately 30 inches and utilized quadruped base. This mount with a folding T shaped trigger extension fastened to the cradle was designated the T91E2.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1601
445
T91E3 AA QUADRUPED MOUNT
•,//
r
-
T91E3 Showing use of Extension Handles. RA PO 22784
This Quadruped AA Mount was the final development of the T91 series detailed on P late 116 - 1601. It consisted of five main parts, the legs, base, elevator, pintle, and cradle. Complete, the mount weighed 153 pounds and had an overall height of 43 inches. It occupied 57 cubic feet assembled in a vehicle and 4. 5 cubic feet disassembled. The item was primarily designed as a low, light weight anti -aircraft mount for the caliber . 50 HB machine gun. Approximately 500 T91E3 's were produced, and in 1944 it was standardized as the M63 Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1254. The Infantry Board tested this mount to determine its suitability as an alternate ground mount for vehicular machine guns, dual purpose ground mount and as an antiaircraft mount. In their Report No. 1631 of June 1944, they concluded that the T91 E3 was superior for tracking aerial targets to the M1 elevator - mount. and that it permitted firing from the body of a truck. It was suitable as a ground mount only under emergency conditions and was recommended to replace the tripod mount M3.
REFERENCES: OCM 23517, 23661, 24319 Dwg. 1- 146 TM 9- 1225
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1600
T91E3 Mounted in truck bed 446
Data: 144 Lbs. without gun 84 o Elevation 29 o Depression 360° Traver s e
M63 MOUNT, ANTI- AIRCRAFT Caliber . 50 Four Legged Ground Mount
Ma jor Components
RAPD 22778 -
ELEVATOR . ASS'Y -0 71 61022
Us ed with the M2 Heavy Barrel Caliber .50 B rown ing Machine Gun, ammuni tion chest M2 and cover, over all, M127. M63 Machine Gun Anti- Air craft Mount, Cal. . 50, References: RA PD 9 1833
TM 9- 1225 (1944). TB 9 - 1225 - 27 (1953). TM 9 - 2200 (1949). TM 9- 2205 (1952). TM 9 - 226. FM 23 - 65. ORD 7 SNL A-39. ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952). ORD Part No. 7142396. OCM 24319, 26983, 27465. SB 9- 1 (1952). RIA 998 Series Photos. RAPD 60280, 148400, 128072A, 91898, 91897 , 60285, 91896, 22780. The M63 was standardized in 1944 as the production version of the T91 E3 fou r legged ground mount shown on Plate 116- 1600. It differed from the T91E3 ma inly in details of the base assembly. Due to the standardization of this mount it beca me unnecessary to issue the T92 wheel kit for the earlier M3 anti- aircraft mount. The D7161080 cradle and pintle assembly used in this mount was developed from the D90045 assembly and auxiliary handle devices shown on Plates 116- 1246, -1137 and - 1295.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1254
447
l
DIVISION D
PEDESTAL MOUNTS Contents Section 1 - - - - - Pre -World War II Single Weapon Pedestal Mounts Section 2- - - - - Single Weapon Pedestal Mounts Section 3 Multiple Weapon Pedestal Mounts Discussion Mounts of the pedestal type presented in this division were used primarily on trucks, cars, ships, and half-track vehicles where the operator had suffi cient space to walk around the pedestal for 360° traverse of the gun.
These
pedestal mounts required special mounting platforms for ground use. However, s ome of these mounts were converdble to tripod and quad ground mounts by the addition of base adapters as shown in Division C, Section 4. Attempts to develop flexible pedestal mounts to reduce the amount of recoil force transmitted to the base structure generally resulted in failure of the mount to allow accurate fire and, in s ome cases, caused mal-function of recoil operated machine guns.
449
DIVISION D
SECTION 1
PRE - WORLD WAR II SINGLE WEAPON PEDESTAL MOUNTS
Weapons illustrated in this section are all single weapon pedestal mounts. Many used the same cradle and pintle assemblies as the tripod ground mounts. The primary problem of these pedestal mounts was to provide sufficient rigidity to achieve accuracy of fire and yet be sufficiently light in weight for vehicular applications.
Actually, the primary pedestal has changed little in design from
that used in World War I, of the type shown in Plate 116 - 1397, to that used in World War IT, typical of the 7115438 Pedestal Mount shown in Plate 116 - 1537 of Section 2 of this division.
In order to obtain sufficient rigidity, the pedestal
mounts were either of the conical, flanged base type or tubular with flange base and gusset extensions.
451
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, FRENCH WWI
APG
A Hotchkiss Model 1903 belt fed 8mm machine gun was used with the pedestal mount shown above installed on an early touring car. Three hundred sixty degree traverse was permitted at the main pedestal, and a fine elevation was obtained through the turnbuckle rear gun support.
The 12mm Hotchkiss belt or clip fed balloon gun of late World War I was used with this pedestal mount. This gun was tested by the U.S. just prior to the development of the cal. . 50 Browning machine gun.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 397
Chinn
The pintle and cradle assem bly of this mount was capable of 360° traverse, and the rear gun support turnbuckle provided fine elevation adjustment.
452
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, GERMAN WWI
APG
A variety of trucks and cars were equipped with pedestal mounts using small cannons or machine guns prior to and during World War I. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1395
453
ELEVATOR MOUNT, TRUCK INSTALLATION, GERMANWWI
A German Model 1912 Dreyse 7.9mm machine gun was used with this mount.
00 2BHH
The major components of this assembly included a tripod base, a telescoping pedestal, a gun cradle, and an armor shield. The gun was equipped with a telescopic sight located above and to the left of the double hand grips. In the views shown on this plate the telescoping pedestal is at the maximum de pression.
APG
The telescoping pedestal was manually elevated or depressed by means of a hand crank located just above the truck floor. Right angle gears rotated an inner sleeve and nut assembly which drove the screw shaft of thepintleassembly. The upper flange of the pintle was equipped with a traverse position lock lever for traveling. The cradle base could be rotated 360 o when this horizontal lock handle was released. A coarse elevation adjustment in the cradle was operated by the vertical lock lever, and a fine adjustment was made by the rear turnbuckle arrangement. NOVILLE Pial<' No . 116-1393
APG
454
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, GERMAN WWI
Fr om Volume I Der Krieg 1914 to 1919 in Wort Und Bild.
The pedestal mount shown above in use against Russian aircraft was installed on the deck of a German motor boat. It was used with a Dreyse Modell912, 7.92mm machine gun. This water-cooled, linked belt fed gun was supplied from an ammunition box resting in a holder attached to the right hand side of the gun cradle. The Y shaped pintle was capable of 3 60 o traverse and was equipped with a traverse position lock.
From Volume III Der Krieg 1914 to 1919 in Wort Und Bild.
A Schwarzlose 8mm Model of 1912 water-cooled, belt fed machine gun was used on this wooden pedestal mount. This mount was constructed by attaching a pintle segment of the Schwarzlose tripod to the top of a reinforced wooden pedestal. Traverse was limited only by the ammunition feeding assistant and the watercooling apparatus. Sandbags were stacked on the pedestal base for stability.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 -1 396
455
T3 CAISSON PEDESTAL MOUNT
APG 24470 (1928) Shown without ammunition box.
APG 24468 (1928)
The T3 Caisson Pedestal Mount included a base with a pintle socket, a pintle tssembly, an elevator arm, and a gun cradle assembly. The pintle assembly pro vided 360° rotation and included locking levers to permit angular adjustment of the ~levator arm, shown in a vertical position in these views. The arm could be lowered :o a horizontal position and supported by the travel lock visible in the left view. The :!aliber .30 Browning Machine Gun used with this mount was elevated and depressed :rom anti-aircraft to ground firing position by means of the cradle support trunnions tt the upper end of the elevator arm. T3 Mount References: APG 0. P. 4885 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1530
456
ANTI-AIRCRAFT PEDESTAL MOUNTS
Caliber .50 The pintles of both the assemblies shown here and the cradle of the truck installation are similar to that used in the M1 Tripod AA Mount shown on Plate 116- 1652. These mounts were used with the Ml921 cal. . 50 water cooled Browning Machine Gun.
A special cradle with a shoulder rest and a sight support was used with this pedestal mount, cal. . 50 machine gun and FA T - 4 sight.
APG 27773 (1931) Detail of Truck installation of AA Pedestal Mount.
APG 24090 (1927)
Truck installation of AA pedestal mount, with an ammunition supply box on cradle. APG 27771 (1931)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1534
457
T16 PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber . 30
RIA 728 - 39666 (1934) The T16 was the first of a family of pedestal mounts resulting from the union of the T1 or the T1E1 pedestal base with several different varieties of cradles. This T16 mount was based on the combination of the T1 Pedestal Base, shown on Plate No. 116- 1200, with the T3E3 Cradle Assembly shown on Plate No. 116-1205.
REFERENCES: RIA-MG- 17 (R34) RIA -7 28-39 660 RIA - 728-39668
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1203
458
T18 PEDESTAL MOUNT
Caliber .30
water - cooled Browning Machine Gun was used in this mount.
RIA 728 - 39786 (1934)
The components of this mount were the T1E1 pedestal, shown on Plate 116-1200, and the T5E2 cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate No. 116 - 1095.
RIA 728 - 39788 (1934)
RIA 72839787 (1934)
T18 REFERENCE: RIA-MG-19 (R- 36). 1934 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1139
459
T19 PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber . 50
Cradle and pintle assembly T6 was combined with pedestal base T1E1 to form the T19 pedestal mount. Cradle and pintle assembly T6 is detailed on Plate 116 -1208 and pedestal base TIEl is detailed on Plate 116- 1200. T19 PEDESTAL MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA- MG- 20 (R - 37) 1934
JtiA 728-39695 (1934)
RIA 728-39694 (1934) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1201
460
T22 PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber . 30
Pedestal T1E1 and cradle T7 were combined to make this anti -air craft pedestal mount. Pedes tal base T1E1 is detailed on P late No. 116-1200.Cradle and pintle assembly T7 is detailed on Plate 116- 1208. T22 PEDESTAL MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA-MG-21 (R -3 8) 1934 RIA 728-39660, 39725
RIA 728-39724 (1934)
RIA 728-39723 (193 4) NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1202
461
T26 PEDESTAL MOUNT
Caliber . 50 The T26 Mount was a pedestal conversion of the T25 Tripod Mount, Plate 116-1540, fo r permanent emplacement.
This ladder - type controlled mount used the BMG Cal. . 50 Ml921Al, Ammunition Chest M2, Pedestal T2, and Cra dle and Pintle Assembly, T8 OCM 11343 (1934) .
RIA 741 - 33967 (1934) T26 Pedestal Mount.
RIA 741 - 39968 (1934) Pedestal Assembly for T26 Pedestal Mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1539
462
T26E2 & T12 AA PEDESTAL MOUNT
This mount was standardized as the M2 AA Tripod Mount noted on Plate 116 - 1676. Machine guns used: MG cal. . 50 M2 wl c, flexible, with D33057 Cradle Assembly. MG cal. . 50, M1921A1 wI c, flexible, with 033 093 Cradle Assembly.
T12 MOUNT REF: OCM 16093 OCM 17475
MG cal. .30 M1917 wlc, with 033157 Cradle Assembly.
RIA 741 - 42005 (1938) T26E2 Pedestal Mount with BMG Cal. .50, M2, wI c, flexible. T12 Pedestal Mount on 112 Ton 4 x 4 Truck.
APG 46422 (41)
The T26E2 Mount was a pedestal conversion of the T25E2 Tripod Mount, shown on Plate 116 -1541, for permanent emplacement. The T12 Mount was the pedestal adapta tion for installation in 112 ton, 4 x 4 trucks. The cradle for the cal. .50, M2, machine gun, which is shown on Plate 116 - 1541, was the basic cradle which was provided with various attachments to mount either the cal. . 50 M1921A1 or the cal. .30 M1917 machine guns. For elevation or depression the cradle pivoted on the upper portion of the pintle, Which in turn was machined cylindrical on the lower portion to rotate in the bore of the pedestal, thereby providing 360 o traverse. The cradle mounted a recoil mechanism and was provided with a sight for mounting either a tube sight or an open sight. T26E2 MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA-MG-30 (R-4) (1938) Dwg. No. 33137
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1538
Elevation 68 o 45' Depression- 15 o Traverse - 360° Weight: 419. 75 lbs. with M2 machine gun and without ammunition box or water. 463
T34 PEDESTAL MOUNT
Caliber .30
The T34 Pedestal Machine Gun Mount used the same components as the T33 Bracket Mount, Plate 116 - 1497, except for the substitution of a pedestal base for the bracket. Like the T33, the pintle of this mount was adjustable for two height positions but was spring supported only near its e -~ • low position. The D746 Cradle was em p 1 o y e d with sub -pintle attachment. REF: RIA -AC-9 (Q - 36) This mount was used on the T33E1 Mortar Carrier and the T1E1 Half-TrackCar (M1).
. '•..-.
RIA 7283988 2 ( 19 3~
Be 1 ow: T1E1 Half- Track Car (M1) shown wit h two T3 4 mounts on side of car b e d and one T3 3 b r a c k e t mount on right side of en gin e. T1E1 Half- Track Ref: OCM' s 1 0 4 0 6; 1 0 4 8 3; 1 0 4 8 7; 1 4 9 6 5 (Std. to M 1); 16 3 1 5 ( Obsoleted ) DA photo 264
I
sc
106251
IMAAA
RIA 728-39883 (1934)
Components of T34 Pedestal Mount NOVILLE Plate No . 116 -1 542
464
T37 UNIVERSAL MG PEDESTAL MOUNT - CALIBER .30 or .50
The T37 mounted either the BMG Caliber. 30 1919A2 o r 1919A4. The C59681 pedestal & Cradles 031402 or 031326 were components of this mount. The T3 7 was designed to be used on the body of the T5 4. 2" Mortar Motor Car riage and also with a caliber . 50 machine gun with the cradle of the T32 Pedestal Mount on Scout C a r T7, P late 116-1486.
T37 REF: RIA - MG- 22 (R - 39) 1936 This mount became the caliber . 50 M4 modified Pedestal Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1125.
Right: RIA 728- 40922 (36) T37 Mount in extended position.
' NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1543 -~-
RIA 728 -40924 (1936) T37 M.G. Mount Components 465
M4 (T32) P E DESTAL MOUNT , Caliber . 50
RA PO 16970
The M4 Pedes tal Tr uck Mount, previous ly T32, was us ed on ear ly models of the M3A1 Scout Car and Scout Cars M1 and M2. Later models of the M3A1 Scout Car used skate mounts installed on a continuous rail. as shown on Plates 116 - 1071 and 116 - 1036. Plate 116- 1486 shows the T32 installation on the T7 (Ml) Scout Car. A modified version of this M4 Pedestal Mount, detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1125, was used without the brace assemblies. The M4 mount used the Pedestal Assembly C59681, while the M4 modified used Pedestal Assembly C68295. M4 PEDESTAL TRUCK MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD Dwg. D7477 and D7503; SNL A- 55, Sec. 21; APG TT- 719/12 Photos: RAPD 16973, Pintle Support and Lock Parts. RAPD 16975, Ammunition Tray Parts. RIA 728 - 39886, T32 M.G. Pedestal Mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1124
466
M4 MODIFIED PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber . 50 Weights: Pedestal Cradle Tray
(Formerly T37) 45 55 5
Total
RIA 728 - 286
This pedestal mount included the D3 4218 cradle and pintle assembly which is shown on Plate 116 - 107 4. The M4 Pedestal Mount whichpreceeded this assem bly is shown on Plate No. 116 - 1124. Both used the cal. . 50 B. M. G. M2.
RIA 728-288
The T37 Mount was designed for the 4.2" Motar Motor Carriage, T5. Intended for anti -aircraft and ground fire on landing boats, this mount had a maximum elevation of 65 o, amaximumdepressionof 25 :) , andatraverseof 360 °. M4 MODIFIED REFERENCES: RIA-MG-34 Notes on Materiel (1938) ORD Dwg. D34208; SNL A-55, Sec. 21.
N.Wt PU.lt· -AI"K6~
\U.t.'tl( .U.CHINt', lQ. HCJ. kNXbt:(;
12
tt.UHt:l.,t.I:TAIN~. PVn~ IUHt .. WR.IHC'i, ROO -A.IA\170
II
kllt'(Rt"TAIN 114i, PINlL.t", "'"~"til, ~P .... 6-AICO•~o&~
NUT, IltC'i\1\....AA,Ht-XA~N IIA~e1
17
WAftHtA..Lo
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1125
= o~---
--
467
PNEUMATIC TRAINING MACHINE GUN MOUNT
Target Assembly. Gun Mount Assembly. This BB Machine Gun was designed for low cost simulated target practice for both Navy and Army use. Performance was intended to be proportional to the cal. .30 Browning Machine Gun. REFERENCE: Mac Glashan Air Machine Gun Corp., Long Beach, California. NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1607
468
DIVISION D
SECTION 2
SINGLE WEAPON PEDESTAL MOUNTS, WORLD WAR II
. The pedestal mounts illustrated herein were used extensively during World War II and to date. The operating experience of World War ll noticeably changed the pedestal design to provide much greater stiffness over those mounts of the previous section.
::'eck-mounted, shielded pedestal mounts were used exten-
sively by the Navy for anti -aircraft protection. These were provided with equi librated spring devices to raise the pintle socket and provide high angles of ele vation for anti - aircraft fire.
It is of interest to note that the shields of these
mounts were fitted into the gun cradles, with the shields bent and weighted to balance the mount.
The Army used unshielded pedestal mounts effectively on
trucks and other open- bed vehicles where sufficient room was available for walking completely around the pedestal. They were braced and supported by the truck structure to reduce dispersion and improve accuracy of fire.
469
M2Al AA CALIBER .50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT
Tripod or Pedestal Used - BMG, Cal. . 50, M2, water - cooled, flexible
RAPD 17047 M2A1 Mount as Pedestal Mount.
This mount was a modification of the M2 AA Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116 - 1676. In 1943 armor was added. This and a 1943 development, the M2 El AA MG Mount, was discarded in fa vor of the M3 AA Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116-1535. Like the M3, this mount could be converted into a pedestal mount. Weight: 375 pounds. Maximum Elevation: 65 o .
M2A1 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM's 18462, 19697, 18581, 19126, 20432, C- 464 TM 9-1225 (1944) sc 184582, sc 190806, 144467 RIA 741 Photo File. M2E1 MOUNT REFERENCE: OCM 19612
RA PO 8'-018
M2A1 Tripod Mount
M2A1 Mount with shield and without antiaircraft sight. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1650
470
M3 AA CALIBER . 50 MOUNT (ARMY) MARK 30 MOUNT (NAVY) Pedestal Version This mount was a development of the T56 AA Tripod Mount, Plate 116 -1545 and the T57 AA Pedestal Mount, P late 116 - 1544. This mount could be equipped to use any of the three types of the M2, cal. . 50 BMG; the water - cooled, the aircraft, or the heavy barrel. 90 o Elevation, 15 o Depression, 360 o Traverse. Plate 116 -1564 shows the tripod version of this mount. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM's 19128, 18581, 19249, 23369 ORD 3 SNL A- 1 (1952) (1954) ORD 7 SNL A- 37, TM 9-226 APG Notes on Material #365 ORD Part No. 7142397 TM 9 - 2205 (1952) TM 9 - 2200 (1949) TM 9 - 1225 (19 44)
M3 (Mk 30) as pedestal mount with water - cooled BMG and Navy Mk 6 Am munition Box and feedway adaptor.
Below: Pedestal Base Adaptor for M3 (Mk 30) Mount.
(Mk 30) M3 shown as Pedestal with Heavy Barrel gun and counterbalance, using Mark 6 (Navy) ammunition box and feedway adaptor. NOVILLE Plat e No. 116- 1535
471
_
--·~-u on..... uvu
UJ. Lne lVl
~~
MARK 21-0 PEDESTAL SINGLE MOUNT (NAVY) M43 & M43Al (M43El) PEDESTAL MOUNT (ARMY)
- U, ttie
Mark 21-1, is shown on "Plate 116 -1630.
(
RA PO 90035
Mark 21 - 0 Mount (M43 Mount)
~-==
=r.,
r::,~
I I I j
M43A1 Pedestal Mount The M43 Mount, standardized in 1942, was a modification of the M3 9 Pedestal Mount (Navy MK2l -2) shown on P late 11 6- 1628, incorporating a new front sight assembly and a new equilibrator spring. It used a single BMG Cal. . 50, water - cooled.
The M43El Pedestal Mountwhich was standardized as the M43Al Pedestal Mount in 1944, was a modi fication of the M43 Mount with the top of the armor sheared off at the center of the sight aperture. The equilibrating spring was altered. The pedestal reinforcing gusset c plate was abbrevia ted and the arm plate was made ~~_. ..._., -removable. =~~~==----____::.,~'~ M43 MOUNT REF: OCM 23698, TM 9-230 (1943) SNL A- 55 Sec. 33 (1944) MARK 21-0 REF: ORD Pamphlet 1897 M43El MOUNT REF: OCM 23698 M43A1 MOUNT REF: TM 9- 230, c. 1 (1945) NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1629
.
•·•.c.s r• w cs • .t. CI
OP 1897 Mark 21-0 (M 43 ) Vertical eros s -section showing water - cooled gun positions at maximum elevation, depr ess ion and zero-degrees elevation. 472
MARK 21 - 1 PEDESTAL SINGLE MOUNT (NAVY ) Caliber . 50
This modification of the Mark 21 - 0 Pedestal Single Mount, s hown on Plate 1161629, was intended for use on landing craft or in othe r locations where weight was a factor. It was intended for use with the BMG heavy barrel, M2, cal. . 50 or the BMG, cal. .50 air craft gun. The MK 21 - 1 differed from the MK 21- 0 mainly in thickness and size of the armor plate s hield and the weight of other components. This mount complete with sights, but without gun or ammunition box, weighed 448 pounds. F ig. 3 OP 1897 REFERENCE: OP 189 7 Below: Vertical cr oss -section s howing gun positions of MK 211 at maximum elevation, maxi mum depression, and zero degrees elevation. Fig. 5 OP 1897 Another Navy Pedestal Mount, the MK 22 Twin Mount, was equipped with ca l. . 50 wate r- cooled machine guns although the assemblies for mounting the heavy barrel on basic aircraft BMG could be supplied.
SHIPPING LOCK 52 8160-8- - - - - - - - " '
328142-11
ROO 528128-4
The Army designated the MK 22 when used with the water cooled guns as the M46 Pedestal Mount. When equipped with the basic aircraft or heavy barrel BMGs the Army designated it as the M65. These Mounts are covered in Plates 116 - 1626 and 116-1627. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1630
473
'---11t--- - - -<: OVER ' - - -1,\-- - - - -DALL
PLATE -
528120 - 2 8 4
SEARING HOUSING 528127- 1
MARK 21 - 2 PEDESTAL SINGLE MOUNT (NAVY) M39 & M39Al (M39El) PEDESTAL MOUNT (ARMY) Caliber . 50
M39 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM's 18581, 21533, 30081, 30289 TM 9- 230 (1943) TM 9- 2300 (1943) SNL A- 55, Sec. 33 (1944) MARK 21 - 2 REFERENCES : ORD Pamphlet 1897 M39E1 MOUNT REF: OCM 23698 M39A1 MOUNT REF: OCM's 24076, 30081, 30289 TM 9- 230, c. 1 (1945)
RAPD 72734
M39 Pedestal Mount (Navy Mark 21 - 2)
This mount was developed from the Colt antiaircraft mount for shipboard use. It was supplied by the Navy to the British as the Mark 21 in 1939. In 1942 it was designated as the M 39 Pedestal Mount by the Army and was manufactured until 1943. It used a BMG cal. . 50 M2, anti- aircraft machine gun.
RA PO 90036
M39A1 Pedestal Mount
The M39E1 Mount was a modification of the M39 and was standardized as the M39A1 Pedestal Mount. Here the armor and shield was sheared off at the center of the sight aperture. The helical equilibrator spring was altered. The pedestal reinforcing gusset plate was abbreviated and the armor plate was made removable. The M43 Pedestal Mount (Navy MK 21-0) equipped with water-cooled barrel assembly was a modification of the M39 (Navy Mark 21-2) as shown on Plate 116-1629, NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1628
474
T57 PEDESTAL MOUNT, AA
\l
BOL T·AI63678 - - -- - , MEC HANISM , TRIGGER CONTROL·C90669
STUD, TRUN NION·AI63793
CO NTAINER·C66339 - - - - - - - - , . COLLAR · A230036 SPR ING·AI95469 - -- - - - - , .
~
NUT · BBSX 4AE
CRADLE - 0 40607
HANOLE - 8142601 PAD-8194260
BEARING · AI95370 --------.Ge::_a~ SLEEVE·C90619 - - - -
1!- - --
SPR ING·A I95453 SLEEVE · C90616 _ _ __...-
PEOESTAL - 040565 - - - - - - - - - - . . . SCREW·BCBX2BB - - - - - - - - - - - - , .
P late B from RIA-MG-51
The principal components of this mount were the pintle 040564, Pedestal 040585, Base 040569 and Cradle 040607. The cradle and the accompanying recoil mechanism, firing mechanism and sight were the same as that used with the T56 A. A. Tripod Mount shown on Plate 116-1545. This assembly could either be placed or bolted A traverse of 360 o was obtained ~--ra..;;;;'-i. onto a truck bed. APG Reby the pintle rotating in an anti- fricport 5082/ 202 concluded tion bearing located in the top of the that while the mount was pedestal. The mount was capable of ~-----=~ stable as compared tootha maximum elevation of 90 o and de er semi portable mounts, pression of 30 °. It carried the Cal. it was too heavy and bulky . 50, M2, W. C. Machine Gun with a to be applicable to automoladder type, hand firing control. This tive equipment. mount, along with the T56 Mount, REFERENCES: was later developed into the M3, A. A. Owg. D40640, OCM' s Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 1564. 16305, 18103 and 18192. Rock Island Technical Notes, RIA- MG-51 (Jan 42). APG Report 5082/202 (May 1942).
Maximum elevation : 90 o NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1544
475
AA PEDESTAL MOUNT - CYGNET TYPE - CALIBER .30
RIA 906-5775 ( 1942)
Above: Mount with Caliber 30 BMG M1919A4, Flexible. Maximum Depression.
Left: Mount with BMG Caliber .30 M1917Al. Maximum Elevation.
RIA 906-5774 ( 1942)
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1234
476
M24 ( T8) P EDESTAL MOUN T · _
Caliber .30 or Caliber . 50
\P INTLE, ASSEMB LY _ 1- 038579
PIN- A191 2SS
SC REW - BCXX3CB
REFERENCES: Dwg. D38581 OCM 16294, 16373 , 33555 TM 9- 224 (1943) C1 (1945) ORD 7 SNL A- 55, Sec. 16 , (19 44 ) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec . 16 , (19 44 ) ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 16, (19 42 ) I RAPD 57899, 57900
PLATE - Al 88 l02
Details of the P intle Socket C74683 ar e s hown on P late No. 11 6- 1181.
BRACE - B 170676
SCREW - BEBX l CG
8 5 " Elevation 20 o Depressi on 360 ~ Traver se Stowed pos ition of P intle D38 579 NUT - BESX4A E
BASE. ASSEM BLY - C74682 RA PO 70369
The M24 P edestal Mount was used on the 1/2 ton 4 x 4 truck, Weapons Carrier. This mount was previ ously known as the T8 Pedestal Mount. T8 Pedestal Mount Ref. : OCM 14515, Dwg. D38581 APG 5453/1 APG 7674 to 7679 APG 40370, 40526 •
The M24Al Pedestal Mount, a modification of the M24, is shown on Plate No. 116- 1222.
RA PO 70372
Although the cal. . 50 M2 machine gun fit the M24 mount, its use was not r ecommended due to the excessive dispersion caused by flexure of the pedestal mounting. A later mount, the M24A2, shown on Plate No. 116- 1183, was developed to allow satisfactory use of the cal. . 50 machine gun. USED WITH
SHOWN ON PLATE NO.
Pintle Assembly D38579 D38579 shown with guns Cradle, Pintle Assembly D7431 Cradle, Pintle, Tray E10014 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1224
116- 1223 116 - 1227 116 - 1098 116 - 1091 477
M24Al P EDESTAL MOUNT
PIN - A 19 1255
PLATE - A 263002
SCREW - BCXX3CB
BRACE - B 170676 FRAM E, A SSEMBLY - 0 48093
SCREW - BCBX 1ED NUT - BBBX1 E WASH ER - BEAX2 B
RAPD 57901 Pedestal Mount M24Al was a modification of the pedestal mount M24 detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1224. The primary differences between the mounts were in the truck installation provisions.Inaddition, the M24A1 did not have a pintle stowage socket in the base. This mount was used in the 3/4 ton 4 x 4 truck. Used With Shown on Plate No. Pintle Assembly D38579 116- 1223 D38579, shown with guns 116- 1227 Cradle~ pintle assembly D7431 116- 1098 Cradle, pintle and tray assembly E 10014 116- 1091 Cradle and pintle assembly D90045 116- 1297 REFERENCES: ORD Dwg. D48094. OCM 18357. OCM 22253 . TM 9- 224 (1943), C1 (1945). ORD 7, 8, and 9, SNL A- 55, Sec. 16. Details of the pintle socket C74683 are shown on Plate No. 116- 1181. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1222
478
M24A2 PEDESTAL MOUNT Cal. . 30 or Cal. . 50
Used On: 3/4 ton 4 x 4 Truck, Weapons Carrier 1- 1/2 ton 6 x 6 Truck, Car go. 85 o Elevation 30° Depression 360° Traverse Shown with D90045 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Tray Assembly. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was a modification of the M24 Pedestal Mount, shown on Plate No. 116- 1224, and was designed to replace the M24 and the M24Al. The M24A2could beusedwiththecaliber. 30 BrowningMachine GunM1919A4, Flexible, or the caliber. 50 Browning Machine Gun M2, butnotwiththe caliber. 30 Browning Machine Gun M1917A1, or the caliber . 30 Automatic Rifle. According to APG 5676/11 and - /14 (1944), tests showed that the pedestal tubes of the earlier M24 series of mounts were primarily responsible for the excessive dispersion obtained when firing the caliber. 50 guns. Thus, the M24A2 incorporated welded diagonal braces to stiffen the tube as well as straps at the ends of the mount frame. Test results for this modification revealed extensive improvement. In addition, it was found that the travel lock included in the cradle was adequate for its purpose and the hinged tubular travel lock mechanism was superfluous. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was used with either the D900 45 cradle, pintle and ammunition tray assembly, shown on Plate No.ll6 -1137; or with the E10014 cradle, pintle and ammunition tray assembly, shown on Plate No. 116-1091. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was permanently attached to the vehicle, and included pintle s ocket C74683,whichreceived thepintle shaft of thecradleandpintleassembly. M24A2 PEDESTAL MOUNT REFERENCES: Assembly Dwg. E1 0013. ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1944) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1943) ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1942)*
*
ORD Part No. 6910013 TM 9-224, C1 (19 45) ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (19 52) OCM 22263, 33555, 2119 0 APG Photo 91819
Titled M24, M24A1, and M24A2, but does not contain any data on M24A2. Details of the Pintle Socket C74683 are shown on Plate No. 116-1181.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1183
479
M24Al P EDESTAL MOUNT
PIN - A l 91 255
PLATE - A 263002
SCREW - BCXX3CB
BRACE - B 170676 FRAM E, A SSEM BLY - 0 48093
SCREW - BCBX l ED NUT - BBBXl E WASH ER - BEAX2B
RAPD 57901 Pedestal Mount M24Al was a modification of the pedestal mount M24 detailed on Plate No. 116 - 1224. The primary differences between the mounts were in the truck installation provisions.In addition, the M24A1 did not have a pintle stowage socket in the base. This mount was used in the 3/4 ton 4 x 4 truck. Used With Shown on Plate No. Pintle Assembly D38579 116- 1223 D38579, shown with guns 116- 1227 Cradle; pintle assembly D7431 116- 1098 Cradle, pintle and tray assembly £ 10014 116- 1091 Cradle and pintle assembly D90045 116- 1297 REFERENCES: ORD Dwg. D48094. OCM 18357. OCM 22253. TM 9- 224 (1943}, C1 (1945). ORD 7, 8, and 9, SNL A- 55, Sec. 16. Details of the pintle socket C74683 are shown on Plate No. 116- 1181. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1222
478
M24A2 PEDESTAL MOUNT Cal. . 30 or Cal. . 50
Used On: 3/4 ton 4 x 4 Truck, Weapons Carrier 1- 1/2 ton 6 x 6 Truck, Cargo. 85 o Elevation 30° Depression 360° Traverse 3hown with D90045 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Tray Assembly. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was a modification of the M24 Pedestal Mount, shown :m Plate No. 116 - 1224, and was designed to replace the M24 and the M24Al. The M24A2 could be used with the caliber. 30 Browning Machine Gun M1919A4, Flexible, or the caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun M2, but not with the caliber. 30 Browning Machine Gun M1917A1, or the caliber . 30 Automatic Rifle. According to APG 5676/11 and -/14 (1944), tests showed that the pedestal tubes ::>f the earlier M24 series of moul)ts were primarily responsible for the excessive :iispersion obtained when firing the caliber. 50 guns. Thus, the M24A2 incorporated welded diagonal braces to stiffen the tube as well as straps at the ends of the mount frame. Test results for this modification revealed extensive improvement. In :tddition, it was found that the travel lock included in the cradle was adequate for lts purpose and the hinged tubular travel lock mechanism was superfluous. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was used with either the D9 00 45 cradle, pintle and :tmmunition tray assembly, shown on Plate No.ll6 -1137; or with the E10014 cradle, :>intle and ammunition tray assembly, shown on Plate No. 116-1091. The M24A2 Pedestal Mount was permanently attached to the vehicle, and included pintle s ocket C74683, whichreceived the pintle shaft of thecradleandpintleassem bly. M24A2 PEDESTAL MOUNT REFERENCES: Assembly Dwg. E1 0013. ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1944) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1943 ) ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 16 (1942)*
ORD Part No. 691 00 13 TM 9-224, C1 (1945) ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) OCM 22263, 33555, 21190 APG Phot o 91819
* Titled M24, M24A1, and M24A2, but does not contain any data on M24A2. Details of the Pintle Socket C74683 are shown on Plate No. 116-1181.
IOVILLE Plate No. 11 6-1183
479
M25 PEDESTAL MOUNT Cal. . 30 or Cal . . 50 3 5o elevation, 25 o depression, 360 o traverse
The M25 Pedestal Mount was used on the halftrack vehicles, M3, M3E2, M5, and T19. It was used with the cal. . 30 BMG M1919A4, flexible; M1917, and M1917 Al. The BMG cal. . 50 M2 could fit this pedestal, but its use was not recommended, due to excessive dispersion caused by flexure of the pedestal. M25 PEDESTAL MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 17 (1943) C1 (19 44) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 17 (195 1) ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952) ORD Part No. 6542988 TM 9- 224 (1943) C1 (1945) OCM 16575 RAPD 57981, 57982, 123160 Dwg: D41988
RAPD 3487
PIN RA PO 123166
List of Components of M25 Pedestal Mount: Cradle Pintle Clamping Screw: Consists of Screw Al60711, Handle Al40855, Button Al40851 Cradle Pintle Clamping Screw Nut: Al41733 Cradle Pintle Clamping Block: B108910 Pin: BFDX1AK; Cotter Pin: BFAX1C.R Pedestal Assembly: D42987, which includes Pintle Socket C74683. M25 Mount Was Used With: Shown on Plate: D36960, cradle, pintle, 116-1094 box assembly D54075 cradle, pintle, 116- 1089 box assembly E10014 cradle, pintle,. 116- 1091 tray assembly 116 - 1098 D7431 cradle, pintle, holder The M25 Pedestal Mount is shown installed in the M3 Half Track on Plate No. 116-1182, and in the T16 and T19 Half Tracks on Plate No. 116-1221. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1181
480
M25 PEDESTAL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
..,
v
i
II
.,
j
II
i J,.
v
..:.
DA 7520 (1943)
T16 Half-Track Truck
T19 Half-Track Car DA 243 The M25 Pedestal Mount is detailed on Plate No. 116-1181, and is shown installed on an M3 Half-Track on Plate No. 116-1182
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1221
481
"
ELEVATOR PEDESTAL MOUNT, EXPERIMENTAL, M3 HALF- TRACK REFERENCES: Ped. Mount: AFB Report re: Project 454, 7 August 1943. AFB Photos 6568, 6569, 6603, 6606, 6608, 6609 . M3 Half-Track Vehicle: TM 9- 710, TM 9- 2800.
Pedestal Mount in Half- Track, M3 AFB 6567 This experimental pedestal mount was developed by the 3rd Armored Division for use in the Half-track M3. It consisted of a base plate and vertical tube supported by four gussets welded on the diagonal. The tube was spring-loaded with a two-position type pintle insert to provide two different height positions for firing. The Armored Force Board reports on tests of this pedestal mount noted that the pedestal would deflect during firing of the caliber . 50 machine guns and reduce cyclic rate of fire. It was stated that the heavy gussets and braces of the mount AFB 6570. Gun Manipulation at reduced the available room within the vehicle, Rear Maximum Elevation. but that manipulation of the gun on the mount was excellent. In comparison with an installation of an M32 Ring Mount in the forward righthand corner of a similar ve hicle the ring mount was superior with respect to space utilization and inferior with respect to manipulation and maneuverability of the gun. Final recommendation was that the pedestal mount not be adopted by the Armored Command for use in ve hicles. 482 NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1228
T47 PEDESTAL MOUNT
The T47 Pedestal Mount consisted of a single - braced tubular pedestal and the D38579 Pintle group shown on Plates No. 116- 1223 and 116 - 1227. According to the APG Report 5626/ 1 the mount was unstable during early test firing and two braces were added to bring the rigidity within the limits of the sus pension characteristics of the 1/4- ton 4 x 4 Truck. It was recommended that the pedestal be modified to include braces similar to those added during the test. This triple -braced configuration subse quently became the M31 Truck Pedestal Mount, shown on Plate No. 116 -1 226.
REFERENCES: Dwg. D47980 TM 9- 224, C1, 1945 OCM 16914 APG 5626/1
TRUCK PEDESTAL MOUNT T47
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1255
RA PD
5948~
483
M31 PEDESTAL MOUNT Cal. .30 or Cal. . 50 PINTLE, ASSEM BLY - 0 38579
8 5o Elevation 20 ° Depression 360° Traverse WASH ER - BEBX1R
The M21 P edestal Mount was the standardized model of the T47 mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1255. Like the earlier M24 Pedestal Mount, the M31 used the D38579 Pintle assembly and the D3857l tray for cal. . 30 ammunition, or the D38607 tray for cal.. 50 ammunition.
SCREW - BG:AX 1DE) NUT- BBAX1 D ~ WASH ER - BEC X1L)
BRACE - 62637 12
BRACE - C55520
See Plate 116- 1223 for illus trations of the D38579 pintle, and Plate 116- 1227 for the gun installations. Plate 116 - 1249 shows the tray details. In the latter plate, note the interfer ence which can occur between the pintle and tray assemblies. Later versions of this mount used the E10014 Cradle and Pintle assembly (Ref. Plate 116 - 1091) in place of the D38579 Y - pintle.
WASH ER - BECX1M
WASH ER - BECX1M NUT - BBAX1 E RA PO 70370
The M31 Truck Pedestal Mount was used on the Truck, 1/4 ton 4 x 4.
Mount, Truck Pedestal, M31 REFERENCES: RAPD 57389 59493 68783 68782 36567 39732 57365 85342 59486 85343
NOVILLE Plate No 116-1226
Dwg. D47980 OCM 18388 OCM 18479 OCM 33555 TM 9- 224, 1943; C1, 1945 TM 9- 2205, 1952 ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 18 (Dec. 1943)
484
M31Al PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber .30 or Caliber . 50 Shown with the M1919A4 flexible Browning Machine Gun.
RIA 2036- 43712 (1953)
RIA 2036- 43713 {1953 )
The M31A1 mount was used with either a cal. . 30 or cal. . 50 B. M. G. on the M38 utility truck, 1/4 ton, 4 x 4. With the exception of the absence of the travellockbar and the sub-floor mounting brackets, this mount is the same as the M31C shown on Plate No. 116- 1279. When modified further for installation in the M38Al truck, this mount became the M31A2 pedestal truck mount.
NOV ILLE Plate No. 116-1278
485
M31C PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber .50
The El0014 cradle, pintle and tray assembly used in this mount is detailed on Plate 116-1091.
-----------------, I I
' NOT USED IF BLOCK- 6108910 AND SCREW - 51607 12 ARE USED
I CRADLE, PINTLE, & AMMUNITION BOX TRAY, ASSY - E10014
SCREW) - 5160712t
A2~;508''z
NUT}__.;qj - 5141 1 7 3 ' 1 PIN} / , -505492
-------------- ---- ~
BLOCK} - 6108910 OR 8224375
JBRACE" ' - - - - - 1 B263712 f BRACE-
~---'~~~---1C55520 ~ ISCREW 1217055
,..
.
rru-{SUPPO RT~ \j A303165 ®..- WASHER- I03323
~NUT-220068
RA PD 130090
The pedestal and pintle socket in this mount is the same as used in the M31 pedestal mount shown on Plate No. 116-1226. The M31C mount was used with an M2 caliber . 50 heavy barrel flexible Browning Machine Gun on the 1/4 ton 4 x 4 Command Reconnaissance truck. It was capable of 85 o elevation, 25 o depression, and 360 o traverse. M31C MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 18 (1951). TM 9-224. ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952}.Dwg. 07069767. OCM 24118, 24328, 33555.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1279
486
7115438 PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber .50 This pedestal mount was bolted to the bed of the M21 Half-Track 8lmm Mortar Carrier and cross -braced by two straps. It allowed a gun ele vation of 85 °, a depression of 30°, and provided a traverse of 360°. The mount consisted of the following components: 090210 Pedestal Assembly shown on the left, 090210 Pedestal Assembly MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. No. 07115438 ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 45 (1952) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 45 (1950) TM 9- 710, TO 19 - 75A- 77 (1953) RAPO Photo 152193
D90078 Tray Assembly shown on Plate 116 - 1184, 7068880 Cradle and P intle Assembly shown on Plate No. 116 - 1093, or alternately, 090045 Cradle and P intle Assembly shown on Plate No. 116- 1137. RAPO 152192
RA PO 309116
M21 Half-Track 81mm Mortar Carrier using 7115438 Mount with D90045 Cradle and Pintle Assembly. M21 MORTAR CARRIER REF: TM 9 -2800 (1947); RAPD 314019; TM 9-710 to 19-25 A-77 (1953); RAPD 122973. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1537
4R7
EXPERIMENTAL COMPENSATING AIRCRAFT GUN MOUNT, CALIBER .50 The purpose of this mount was to provide a means for automatically raising and lowering a cal. . 50 BAM Gun in order that the level of the waist gunner's eyes might remain about the same at all times during firing. It was to be done by raising the gun when line of sight was elevated and lowering it when the line of sight was depressed.
This mount supp or ted the Gun Mount Adapter Mark 6, Mod. 2 or 3, Plate 1161478. It consisted of as ector gear and two spur gears, each assembled on shafts in common with sprockets, over which was looped a bicycle- type chain, a rack and two telescoping tubes. The inner tube had the gear rack set thereon and was attached to the lower part of the support by means of an adapter support. The outer tube was held in a vertical position by a sleeve which was secured to the upper end of the support and also rested on a spring which was held in place by the inner tube. The gears, sprockets and shafting were mounted on the outer tube.
NGF38225 Left side
NGF38224 Right side, gun elevated NGF38220
Right side, gun depressed REF: BuOrd Dwg. No. 508072 NGF Negs. No. 38220 to 38227 inc. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1759 488
Sector gear and adapter bracket.
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, FOREIGN
A 7.92mm MG 34 was used on the pedestal mount of the German half- tracked self- propelled r ocket launcher ofWW II shown above. This 6. 5 ton 15cm. Panzerwerwerfer 42, Sct.Kfz.N.W.41, was armed with the pedestal mount, three 9mm sub machine guns, and the 10 tube rocket launcher. 2000 r ounds of 7.92mm, 2000 rounds of 9mm, and 10 rockets were stowed in the vehicle. The dual MG 34 mount detailed on Plate No. 116-1431 was carried in the rear of half-tracked armored cars such as these. The Madsen rifle-caliber machine gun and elevator pedestal mount shown to the right, were made in Denmark prior to World War II. This naval mount included a manually operated elevator shaft and a recoil cradle.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1441
489
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, MISCELLANEOUS, WORLD WAR II
SC U87 - 17 (1940) German Maxim 08/15 7.92mm machine guns pedestal mounted in a truck for anti - aircraft use in Belgium.
Pedestal Mount in French Machine Gun Nest. This improvised mount consisted of a rotatable, forked pintle bolted to an H column. The studs on the 7.5mm Chatellerault machine gun rested on the hooks at the ends of the fork arms on the pintle.
SC B32C-15 (1940) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1400
490
PEDESTAL A. A. GROUND MOUNTS, WWII
- SOVIET
Maxim M1910 7. 62 mm watercooled machine gun on antiaircraft pedestal mount.
Beresin 12. 7 mm air craft machine gun on a p e de s t a 1 antiaircraft mount.
OVILLE PlatC' No. 116 - 1735
491
ANTI- AIRCRAFT PEDESTAL MOUNTS, SINGLE 20mm, SWISS These World War II pedestal mount developments were primarily suitable for naval use. The 1945 HSS 804 at the left was operated by a standing unshielded gunner. Due to the centrally located pintle, the pedestal interfered with the gun at high elevation angles. The shielded pedestal mount,shown below, with the offset pintle , allowed more room for the gunner's knees at high angles of elevation.
I
104.
u
Chinn 20mm. Cannon HSS 804 on Chinn Pedestal Mount 602 Hispano Suiza (Suisse)S;A. Geneve
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1435
20mm. Oerlikon Gun and Pedestal Mount with Shields and Central Case Collector.
4Q?
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, SINGLE AND DUAL 20mm, DANISH
These mounts suitable for naval use were made in Denmark prior to World War IT. Some of these Dansk lndustri Syndikat guns and mounts were sold to other na tions, but high produc tion was never achieved.
I
.... '?: . ..
'- ..
Madsen Twin 20mm. Anti-Aircraft Mount.
Madsen Single 20mm AA Mount in Depressed Position. Madsen Single 20mm. Anti - Aircraft Mount in Elevated Position. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1436
493
- AUSTRALIAN
S- 4, CALIBER .50 A. A. MOUNT
sc
279304 (1944)
Caliber . 50 air - cooled aircraft machine gun on S- 4 Mount
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1499
494
DIVISION D
SECTION 3
MULTIPLE WEAPON PEDESTAL MOUNTS
The multiple weapon pedestal mounts of this section were similar in nature to the single weapon mounts of the previous sections.
However, here the prob -
lem of dual mountings and gun inter - action due to this multiple mounting became important, particularly with the caliber . 50 heavy barrel machine guns.
The
German anti - aircraftpedestal mount, Plate 116 - 1431, is unique in concept since it provided a seat for the operator with correcting anti - aircraft sights and full equilibration.
Note the off-center location of the machine guns.
Evidently the
recoil forces of the MG34 were not great enough to create an offset torque on the traverse ring of the mount.
495
T17 AND T17El PEDESTAL MOUNT, DUAL GUN Caliber . 30 This twin mount used the TlEl pedestal base with the T4 and T4El cradle and pintle assembly. Components of this mount are shown on P late No. 116-1200.
RIA 728-39658 (1934) A pair of M1917 caliber . 30 W. C. Browning Machine Guns were used in this assembly. T17 and T17El Pedestal Mount Reference: RIA-MG-18 (R-35) 1934
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1204
496
T17 AND T17El PEDESTAL MOUNT, COMPONENTS
RIA 728 - 39661 & 2 (1934)
T4 and T4E1 Twin Cradle and Pintle Components.
This twin cradle and pintle assembly was used with the T1E1 pedestal base, pictured below, to form the T17 and T17E1 pedestal mounts shown assembled on Plate No. 116 - 1204. · RIA 728 - 39660 (1934) This pedestal base assembly was used with single and twin cradles during 1934 in a series of experi mental pedestal mounts.
Pedestal Base
Used With Cradle
Cradle Shown on Plate No.
T1
T3E3
116-1205
T16
116-1203
T1E1
T4, T4E1
116-1200
T17, T17E1
116-1204
T5E2
116-1095
T18
116-1139
T6
116-1208
T19
116-1201
T7
116-1208
T22
116-1202
REFERENCES:
Photos - RIA Series 728
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1200
497
Base and Cradle Used in Pedestal Mount
Pedestal Mount Shown On
M46 & M65 TWIN CAL. . 50 PEDESTAL MOUNT (NAVY MK22)
Other information and views of these mounts are given on Plate 116-1626.
Top view of cradles, M46 or M65 Mount. Q - - RETAINER, BEARING-6290156
M65 Mount (RING, BALL BEARING, lOUTER- 62901 59
BEARJNG, l_~
RING, BALL INNER- 6290160(-
RAPD 90040
APG Report 6074/1 (May 1944) described the mounting of the M46 Mount on the 104' Aircraft Rescue Boat and found the mount unsuitable for installation because of operational limitations of the water cooled guns and recommended the substitution of heavy barreled guns as in the M65 mount. The mount consisted of 5 major assemblies: (1) the pedestal with 30" diameter base housing traverse bearings; (2) the carriage mounted on top of the pedestal formed the upper half of the traverse bearing house; (3) the cradle and shield assembly was fixed to the top of the carriage and rotated with the carriage in traverse and independent of the carriage in elevation; (4) the guns were secured to the cradle by locking pins; (5) the sighting was mounted on the cradle between the guns. A single lock was installed on the carriage to secure the mount in elevation and traverse. 498 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1627
·~
-
1
- - - (HOUSING, BALL BEARING-5645200
WASHER, LOCK,l . 3/ B IN- 11 5093 f .SCREW, CAP, HEX·HD, 3/ 8·16NC-3 x 2-1 / 21 .......... 0 - RETAINER, 122197i
BEARING-6~90156
Clll' SPRING, LUBR, GUN- 629020,1 EW, CAP, HEX-HD, 4-20NC-3 X 7/ 16. 121BOB
/ "
\_.[WASHER, LOCK, 1/ 4 IN- 131200
RA PD 13754:JA
Parts of Pedestal Assembly, M46 or M65 Mount.
M46 & M65 '!WIN CAL. . 50 PEDESTAL MOUNT (NAVY MK22) M46 MOUNT
These mounts were pedestal - type anti-aircraft mounts which were in stalled principally on decks of boats such as utility boats, car go or retr iev ingvessels, but could be used on fixed foundations. The M46 Mount was provided with two water-cooled flexible caliber . 50 BMG' s equipped with spade grip back plate conversion group assembly no. 7160981, while the M65 was provided with either two heavy barrel cal. . 50 M2 BMG's without change in backplate or two anti-aircraft basic cal. . 50 M2 BMG' s equipped with spade grip back plate conversion group assembly no. 6535541 and retracting slide group as sembly 6573953.
RAPD 72730 These mounts were produced 1942 L945 and were supplied to the British by :he Navy as the MK 22. The M46 Mount .vas adopted by the Army in 1943, and .vith modifications became the M 65 in L944. M46 & M65 REFERENCES: :>RD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 33 (1946} :>RD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 33 (1950};Chg. 1(51} :>RD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 33 (1951); Chg. 1(51) :>RD 3 SNL A-55, Sec. 1 (1952) 9-230 (1943); c. 1 (1945}; (1952} fM 9-2200 (1949}, TM 9-2205 (1952)
Mount Without Guns.
™
M46 MOUNT REFERENCES: 07142033, ORD Part No. 7142035, OCM's 25320, 24148, 26698 M65 MOUNT REFERENCES: :>CM 25711, ORD Part No. 7142034 RAPD 72719
:>ther information and views on these mounts are given on Plate 116-1627.
MOVILLE Plate No. 116-1626
499
T54 TWIN PEDESTAL MOUNT, CALIBER . 50
APG 73048 ( 42) T54 Pedestal Mount in 3/ 4- ton 4 x 4 truck.
The two caliber . 50 machine guns of this mount used a common cradle and pintle assembly.
REF : OCM OCM APG APG
17296 18131 (cancellation) 5676/3 5446/1
Showing base plate of pedestal mount bolted to truck bed. APG 73049 ( 42)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1832
500
EXPERIMENTAL 1WIN GUN PEDESTAL MOUNT
0. F. Autry, 2nd Lt., U.S.M. C.R.,
developed this mount for use with two caliber . 50 Browning Machine Guns, M2, HB, Flexible. The guns were installed on a vibra tion absorbing pedestal cushioned on sponge rubber shock absorber pads . The mount was designed for use as a fixed ground mount, on a ship deck, or on a truck body.
Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Trays Assembly
AJ:>G A8501 (1944) Traverse 360 o Elevation 90 o Depression 18 o 55'
Pedestal Group and Leg Assembly
APG A17513
• APG A17514 NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1532
501
The tests of this mount were reported in APG 5676/34 ( 45). This report concluded that the mount didnot permitsatisfactory functioning of the heavy barrel guns and recommended that because of excessive vibration no further de velopment of this mount be made.
038579 PINTLE, WEAPON INSTALLATIONS The details of the D38579 Pintle are shown on Plate No. 116-1223.
B. M.G. Cal. . 50, M2, HB (Flex.) on M24 Truck Pedestal Mount.
RAPD 57371
B. A. R., M1918A2 on M24Al Truck Pedestal Mount.
RAPD 57897
B. M. G. Cal. . 30, M1919A4 (Flex.) on M24Al Truck Pedestal Mount. RAPD 57898 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1227
251
TWIN PEDESTAL MOUNT, MG 34, GERMAN WW IT
APG. A24782 (1945)
APG. A24780 (1945} FMAR 303 Two 7.92mm MG34machinegunswereused in this anti- aircraft pedestalmount. The mount was used on half- track vehicles such as shown on Plate 116- 1441, railroad cars, as well as a ground mount. The canvas front and sheet metal sides of the cradle support served to guide spent cases and links into the hollow pedestal between the gunner's legs.
SC(1939) Twin MG 3 4 Pedestal Mount Bolted To Wooden Panel For Ground Use NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1431
SC (1940) Railroad Car Installation of Twin MG 34 Pedestal Mount 502
AA QUAD P EDESTAL MOUNT, SOVIET World War II
This anti-aircraft mountw as used early in World War II by both Soviet land and naval forces . Four Maxim Model 1910, 7.62mm, belt-fed, water - cooled machine guns were mounted side by side, with provisions for ammuni tion boxes and sighting. Two types of pedestal mounts are evident; the first, mounted on the truck body shown to the right, consisted of a short pedestal on a conical base with provisions for piping barrel cooling water. The second type of mount dis penses with the cone and consisted only of a long tubular pedestal. Bracing provi sions and a means of elevating the pintle were provided for in both arrangements. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1444
503
The ammunition supply boxes below and in line with the gun barrels are visible in the view above.
DIVISION E
SHORT PEDESTAL AND BRACKET MOUNTS Contents Section Section Section Section
1- - - - - Short Pedestal Mounts 2 Bracket Mounts 3 Hinged Bracket Mounts 4 Folding Bracket and Short Pedestal Mounts Section 5- - - - - Remote Control Short Pedestal Mounts Discussion This division of weapon mounts has been formed to illustrate those short secondary armament mountings which were not of standing height and did not allow complete 360° traverse by walking around the mount itself, as was capable of the long pedestal mounts of the previous division. The short pedestal mounts, in themselves, differ from the bracket mounts in that generally the bracket mounts are fastened to the side of the main supporting structure. Both types of mounts consist of a cradle assembly for carrying the machine gun, with a pintle yoke to provide elevating and traversing f.lexibil ity, and a short pedestal or bracket fitting acting as a socket for the pintle. The cradle and pintle assemblies suitable for mounting in a socket of this type have also been called pintle mounts.
505
SECTION 1
DIVISION E
SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNTS
The short pedestal mounts illustrated in this section differ from the long pedestal mounts in that the operator cannot "walk" the gun around the mount . Instead, these pintle and bases were located adjacent to hatches or openings in the vehicle hull or turret and had only a limited amount of traversing ability, since the operator was fixed in his position by the hatch opening.
507
SHIELDED SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNT - GERMAN Caliber 7.92 MG
The cal. 7.92 Machine Gun, M34, was used with this mount. The elevation and traverse movement of this mount was limited. Sander Elz 251/1
Besides the shielded short p e de s t a 1 mount, and the swinging bracket mount shown on p 1ate No. 1161447, this vehicle mounted two flame throwers on short shielded pedestal mounts.
Sander Kfz 251/16
This shielded short pedestal mount was used on all German medium and light armored half-tracks except when rep 1 a c e d by heavier armament.
REF: Erdtaktik Tak Sill Gruppe NTU, Halle, June 1941 Sander Kfz 250/3 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1697
508
PEDESTAL MOUNTS, GERMAN
TheGermanpedestalmountabovewasusedearly in WW II for anti- aircraft fire. S.C. It consisted of a single machine gun mounted on a short pedestal adjacent to the
turret hatch of a Pz.Kpfw. II Model A. Plate 116- 1414.
Additional data on these tanks is given on
A single machine gun was used on the pedestal mount of this World War II commercial truck. This installation was a standing height tubular pedestal located centrally on the open truck floor. The rotatable pintle permitted high elevation and the gunner moved 3 60 o about the pedestal for traversing the gun.
Personnel Carrier Mannsch. Kw. (Kfz. 70)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1443
509
ANTI - AIRCRAFT MOUNT ON T24 (M24) LIGHT TANK
Cal. . 50 Gun in Mount, Turret Pistol Port Open.
DA 5559 (1945)
This short pedestal anti-aircraft mount was fastened to the rear of the tur ret r oof of the T24 (M24) light tank. The D80030 Cradle and Pintle Assembly shown on Plate 116-1240 was part of this mount. A retaining bar was fastened between the mount and the gun barrel to act as a travel lock. A stowage socket was located on the turret side adjacent to the mount. The gun with cradle and pintle attached, but with barrel removed, was stowed in the socket and retained by a strap fitting. The barrel was stowed in a clip located inboard of the stowage socket.
REF:
RAPD 19733, 19733A
· · ·
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1527
510
DA 5555 (1945)
Gun Stowed.
EXPERIMENTAL ELEVATOR PEDESTAL MOUNT, INSTALLATION ON M8 ARMORED CAR
DA 773 6 - Left View showing component parts of mount.
c Q
DA 7737 - Right Inner tube of mount de pressed when in traveling position. DA 773 5 - Far Right Inner tube of mount extended as for gun in action.
This experimental anti- aircraft elevator type pedestal mount was installed in the turret of the M8 Light Armored Car. MOUNT REFERENCES: DA 7732, DA 3189.
DA 7734 NOVILLE Platp
Location of Mount Within Turret of M8 Light Armored Car. No. 116- 1546 511
EXPERIMENTAL SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNT KIT
Caliber .30 APG A90177 (1953) Photo showing interference between ammunition box and travel lock arm; also, between back plate handle and top of turret at hatch opening.
This mount was designed to bring the armament of the T48 Medium Tank, Plate 1161823, up to military specifications, due to the elimination of one of the machine guns from the tank, and the absence of a bow gun. The kit consisted of a pintle stand welded to the turret top near the loaders hatch , a pintle, travel lock, and ammunition box support. It was fired by the loader standing on his seat. Tested at APG in 1953, it was found to be satisfactory for reconnaissance fire and area fire in a limited sector. It was recommended that the kit be redesigned to eliminate deficiencies and to increase elevation limits. REFERENCES: APG TT2 - 725/7 ( 1953)
Rear view showing mount locked in travel position NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1526
512
APG A90175 (1953)
SHORT PEDESTAL CALIBER . 50 MOUNT
This short pedestal mount was installed in front of the commander's cupola on the turret of the LVT- H- 6. This vehicle is also illustrated on Plate 116- 1692.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1691
513
SHORT P ED EST AL BASES These short gun pintles were used adjacent to cupola or hatch covers. =-r.- Left:
DA 11567 (1944)
The two top photographs show a caliber . 50 AA gun pintle in upright and folding positions as installed on an M4A2 Medium Tank. RAPD 147850 Similar to those shown above, this gun pintle had a cover plug assembly and was installed on the M47 Medium tank. A like installation was also used on the T41E1 76mm Gun Tank, Reference RAPD 133498. Below: This short gun pintle, Ref. RAPD ll5909, was used on the M46 & M46Al Medium tanks with the Cradle Pintle Assembly, 6580030, shown on Plate 116- 1240. These tanks also used a short pintle assembly similar to those shown at top of page, reference RAPD 121670. MACHINE GUN M2
BARREL CARRIER ASSEMBLY
DA Al. 30 (19 43) Experimental short pintle assembly designed for use on the T17 Medium Armor ed Car.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1528
514
DIVISION E
SECTION 2
BRACKET MOUNTS
The bracket mounts are similar in nature and were used in the same manner as the short pedestal mounts. The primary difference between these mounts lay in the method by which the mounts were fixed to the vehicle structure. The short pedestal mounts were practically all bottom attached and, in some cases, with side bracing, whereas bracket- type mounts were always attached to the vehicle structure from the side. The early United States bracket mounts incorporated pintles which could be elevated to more than one position.
The M5 and M6 mount assemblies were of
this type and Plates 116- 1471 and 116- 1477 show the detent grooves for the two operating positions. Later mounts used for boats as well as for trucks dispensed with the two-position pintles and, in the case of the vehicular mounts, utilized standardized cradle and pintle assemblies capable of being transferred to other vehicular mounts as well as ground tripod mounts.
515
M5 (T3) BRACKET MOUNT Caliber .30
REFERENCES: RIA-MG-23 OCM 13224 OCM 19369 RIA 728- 39882 - 39883 - 39885
RIA 728-39879 M5 (T3) M.G. Bracket Mount
This mount was similar to, but smaller than the M6 Bracket Mount shown on Plates No. 116-1471 and No. 116- 1472. Mounted to the rear doors of the M1 (T7) Scout Car, it supported the cal. .30 B. M.G. and cradle only. No pintle height adjustment was provided.
RIA 728 - 39880
NOVILLE Pla te No. 116-1477
The M5 Machine Gun Mount, formerly the T3, was used on the M1 (T7) Scout Car shown on Plate No. 116-1486.
M5 (T3) Mount Components
516
M6 (T2) BRACKET MOUNT ASSEMBLY
RIA 728 - 39872
(1934)
RIA 728-39875
(1934)
The M6 Bracket Mount was formerly designated the T2. It was used to mount the cal. .50 or cal. .30 B. M.G. on the M1 (T7) Scout Car. The two-position pintle 'Yas used with the cal. . 50 M. G. only. The component parts of this mount are s hown on Plate No. 116- 1471.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1472
517
MG (T2) BRACKET MOUNT, COMPONENTS
RIA 728-39877.
M6 (T2) M.G. Bracket Mount
(1934)
The M6 Bracket Mount (formerly T2) employed a two -position pintle, without counterbalance spring, for mounting the cal. . 30 B. M. G. , HB, Flexible, on the M1 Scout Car (fo rmerly T7), shown on Plate No. 116- 1486. The illustration below shows that an adapter was available to permit installation of a cal. .30 M.G. cradle. The two - position feature was not available with the cal. . 30 installation. Assembled views of the M6 Mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1472. REFERENCES: OCM 13224, 19369; RIA- MG-23 Photos: RIA 728-39873, - 39874; RIA 734-39893, -3 9896.
RIA 728-39876.
M6 (T2) Bracket with Adapter for M. G. Cradle, Cal. .30 \
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1471
518
AA ELEVATOR BRACKET MOUNT, Ml COMBAT CAR
A cal. .30 Browning Machine Gun was used with this anti- aircraft brac ket mount of 193 6. This mount was the forerunner of the M20 bracket mount shown on Plate 116-1237. It differed in the location of the pintle clamp, the absence of the finger lift cam in the position lock, and the mounting pad details. This bracket mount was also used on the T7 convertible combat car.
RIA 780- 40824 ( 193 6)
Combat Car M1 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1238
RIA 780-40836 (1936) 519
M20 ELEVATOR BRACKET MOUNT Caliber .30
~GUN,
A'SS'Y__:D51 -84
I - - - - - - CRADLE, ASS'Y- 034914
: - - - - - - BRACKET, ASS'Y- 039272
LOCK ASS'Y- 8158753/
RA·
f!.D
8969
The M20 Bracket Mount for the cal. .30 BMG evolved from a mount used on the M1 Combat Car shown on Plate 116-1 238. The cradle assembly for this mount was similar to the T5E1 type shown on Plate No. 116-1095, but here the pintle differed in length and grooving. As illustrated, the pintle clamp and position lock both extended through the upper mounting pad. This same configuration also appeared on an experimental turret for the M2 Combat Car; Plate No. 116-1460 shows that installation. Clamp and lock assemblies also existed in a slightly different for m from that shown above. The mount shown above was used on the M3 Light Tank. It was also used on the Light Tanks M3Al, M3A3, M5, and M5Al. Installation on the M3 and M3A1 permitted 55 o elevation, 3 5o depression, and 160 o traverse; full 360 o traverse was obtained on the later installations. A Modified M20 Bracket Mount was used on the M2A4 Light Tank. REFERENCES: M20 Modified Bracket Mount: M20 Bracket Mount: RIA- TK- 1 {Q- 6) Dwg. D34916 Dwg. D34915 RIA 845 - 2236 SNL A-55, Sec. 3 OCM 13284 RAPD 4796, 9008, 42350, 42351, 42353, 69784, 69784B, 66760, 70816, 70817, 72586.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1237
520
M20 BRACKET MOUNT, INSTALLATION
RIA 854- 1119(1939)
RIA 854 - 1123
An early version of the M20 Bracket Mount was installed on an experimental turret for the M2 Combat Car. As shown in the illus tration to the left, the pintle clamp and position lock were slightly different than on the standard M20. Plate 116- 1238 shows another type of a pintle clamp for a bracket or pedestal mount. Plate 116- 1237presents details of the M20 Bracket Mount.
6,
0 VILLE Plate No. 116- 1460
521
T33 BRACKET MOUNT
Caliber .30
The T33 Bracket Machine Gun Mount, also known as the T33 pedestal Machine Gun Mount, was used to carry the cal. .30 B. M.G. on the T1E1 (M1) Half-Track Car. The pintle was adjustable for two height positions , but was spring supported only near its low position. The D746 Cradle was employed with the sub pintle attachment. T1E1 Half-Track Car Ref. : Photo SC106251 (1937).
RIA 728-39889 (1934).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1497
RIA 728- 39888 (1934)
T33 Pedestal M.G. Mount.
522
--~------~------·
M40 BRACKET MOUNT, BOAT FITTING Caliber .30 The D40944 cradle and C9 1597 pintle assembly is shown with an Ml917 AI Cal. .30 WC. B. M. G. The assembly is detailed furthe r on Plate 116- 1463. The M40Mountwas nor mally used with a Cal. .30 M1919A4, Flexible, Browning Machine Gun.
M40, Mount, Bracket, Caliber .30. Assembled View.
~~SCREW - Al37202
@~
SHANK - A2321 78
"'WASHER - BECXIM LOCK AND CHAI N. ASS"Y- B 195755
This mount was manufactured from 1942 to 1943 and used on LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel). It was capable of 80 o elevation and 180 o traverse in those installations. The cradle and pintle assembly were interchangeable with the M41 Ring Mount shown on Plate 116- 1461.
BRACKET. ASS"Y · C93625
t t
~-WASHER- BEBX2F ~ SCREW - BCBX IEF
RA PD 70818
Components of M40 Mount M40 REFERENCES: TM 9 -230 (1943). TM 9 - 2200 (1949). SNL A-55, Sec. 31. RIA 941 - 8224 (19 43 ). RIA 941 - 8222 (1943). ORO 18230. ORO 18228. Dwg. 1- 134. P. N. 7832500.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1465
bz
523
M48BRACKET MOUNT, Cal. . 3 0, COMPONENTS
RAPD 79923 M48 Mount with Caliber .3 0 M1919A4 (Flex.) Machine Gun. N
RAPD 79924 A - SCREW • BCBX 1CA B - SUPPORT, ASS'Y • B289462 C - NUT • BBSX4AC D - TRAY- C144957 E- SCREW· BCBX1 CE F- WASHER· BEBX1 K G - ROD - A336243 H- TUBE· A336244 J - ANGLE - B289465 K - SCREW - BCVX2FL L - HOLDER, ASS'Y · C144956 M - PINTLE - D38579 N - PIN, ASS'Y • A188030 p - CHAIN, ASS'Y • A 188032
M48 Mount with M1917A1 Browning Auto. Rifle This mount, Ordnance P /N 690266, was fixed to the dashboard of the WW II "jeeps" and the M37 3/4T 4 x 4 t ruck It was modified for use on the M38 and M38A1 1/4T 4 x 4 trucks. The socket could receive the D90045, 7068880, or the E10014 cradle, pintle and ammunition holder assemblies but was not ordinarily used with them. The M19 19A4 BMG was generally mounted on pintle D38579 with an M1 or M1A1 box on the adapter E6288. The BAR fit on the same pintle. While a caliber . 50 BMG would fit this mount, its use was not recommended due to excessive dispersion. Plates 116- 1246 and 116-1247 show M48 installations and detail references.
H
c X
y
c Q - PIN, ASS'Y • A 188028 R - CHAIN, ASS'Y • A236999 S - BUSHING· A188031 T - NUT • A336242 U - RETAINER, ASS'Y • A336327 V - LOCK • A336250 W - NUT - BBBX1C X - HOOK A336246 Y - SCREW · BCBX1CD
The APG Report 5676/20 (194 4) reports the testing of the D76272 cradle, pintle, and ammunition box assembly for use on the M48 Bracket Mount, as shown on Plate 116 - 1244. The DA Report No. 2026 ( 1952 ) rep o r t e d on vehicular modifications on the M38 and M38A1 1-Ton 4 x 4 trucks for successful mounting of the M48 Bracket Mount.
c
'Nl:Ud 1 ~ 1
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1225
524
M48 BRACKET MOUNT. INSTALLATIONS
AP G 85362 - M48 Mount on 1/4T 4 x 4 Truck with Depression Limit Guard Up. Note Relocated Rifle Boot. M48 REFERENCES: ORD Part No. 6906266. OCM 21412 APG 5676/20 (1944) ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952) ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 32 (1943) and C2 (1944) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 32 (1951) TM 9- 224 (1943 ) C1 (19 45), TM 9- 2205 (19 52)
APG 73449 - M48 Mount with Modified M1919A4 LMG. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1247
525
APG 73448 - B. A. R. in Traveling Position
M48 BRACKET MOUNT, INSTALLATION
APG 95663
D90045 Cradle on M48 Mount
The D90045 cradle and pintle assembly was noted as acceptable for use with the M48 mount, as shown below, but tests showed that it was necessary to pr o vide more space between the windshield and the bra cket for installation. Subs equently, efforts were made to modify and adapt the pintle D6160. The rewo r ked pintle, called 07672, was also used but was limited in depression and the ammunition box holder interferred with the pintle shaft. The APG Report 5675/20 notes that the greatest pr oblem in the use of the M48 mount on the 1/4 Ton 4 x 4 truck was concerned with the pintle design and pr oblem of supporting ammu nition at the feedway. An experimental ammo holder is detailed on Plate ll6- 124a Views below and to left show different barrel clamps for traveling.
r
APG 85373 NOVILLE Plate No.
526 116-12~ 46~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
AIRCRAFT GUN MOUNTS, SOVIET
Pintle and Bracket with SHKAS (Shpitalny- Komaritsky aircraft high speed machine gu~) 7. 62mm.
Below: APG A70837 23mm gun in IL-10 Left Wing.
Integral Trunnion Projection Detail.
The 7. 62 SHFAS was used in fixed installations as shown above and in flexible installations with rear pistol grips.
IL-10, Stormovik, captured in Korea. APG A70827 (1951) Two 23mm and two 7. 62mm guns were used in fixed mounts in the wings of this attack bomber. A single 20mm gun was flexibly mounted in the rear of the two place cockpit. Both the engine and cockpit of this modernized version of the IL - 2 Stormovik of WW ll were armored. Variations in armament were used on these aircraft.
--
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1790
527
I
n ,., ~· I
A.Pli
0
I"'
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1246
DIVISION E
SECTION 3 HINGED BRACKET MOUNTS
The hinged bracket mounts were used in the same manner as the fixed bracket mounts illustrated in Section 2.
These mounts had an additional hinged link
between the fixed pintle socket and the side mounting bracket which gave greater flexibility of operation, but also created possibility for greater dispersion due to the additional joint and the necessary freedom and ease of motion.
These
mounts were most successfully used in landing v e hi c 1 e s and boat structures where the guns could be swung inboard for stowage out of the way of sea spray and waves. In the late thirties, the British developed an equilibrated anti-aircraft mount for their combat vehicles which could fit within the swinging bracket classification.
This mount, shown in Plate 116-1345, consisted of a jointed equilibrated
over-arm crane fastened to the bipod fitting of a Bren machine rifle.
In opera-
tion, the crane took up most of the weight of the rifle and allowed the gun operator to rapidly traverse and elevate the gun for anti-aircraft fire.
The jointed
action of the crane made it necessary for the gunner to fully control the rifle for aiming; however, its weight was radically reduced by the equilibrating action of the supporting arm.
-
529
BRACKET MOUNTS, EARLY TYPE, LVT4 AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLE
FIXED MACHINE GUN MOUN!
Caliber .30 -
't - - - PIVOT MOUNT ROD
CAP SCREW
FIXED MACHINE GUN MOUNT UPPER GUIDE BAR
PLUNGER HANDLE PLUNGER
PLUNGER BARREL
LOCK .WASHER
LUBRICATION FITIING.
PIVOT MACHINE GUN MOUNT SOCKET-HEAD SET SCREW
RA PD 322296G
Two of the fixed bracket mounts illustrated were located at the rear top edge of the cab, and two of the swinging bracket mounts shown at the left were centrally located on the side walls of the cargo compartment. The Cradle D409 44 and the Pintle C91597 shown on Plate 116-1463 were used on these mounts.
APG 5648/3, Project 6-4-8- 3; Tests of LVT-4, Landing Vehicle, Tracked, Mark 4, noted that these bracket mounts were satisfactory from a dispersion viewpoint, but were limited in cones of fire, and recommended that two Navy Mark 21 Caliber .30 Ring Mounts be installed on top of the cab.
LVT-4 (Landing Vehicle, Tracked, Mark 4) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1466
530
APG A1165 (1944)
BRACKET MOUNTS, LATE TYPE, LVT4 AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLE Used with Cal. .30 or Cal. . 50 Browning Machine Guns. Reference: TM 9- 775 (1951)
Swinging Bracket Mount. SCREW
RA PO 350322G
Fixed Bracket Mount The pair of forward fixed br ackets and the aft pair of swinging brackets with pintle sockets altered to accommodate standardpintles were s ubstituted for the early mounts shown on Plate No. 116- 1466.
CAL. .30 MACH INE GUN M 19 19A4
PERISCOPE M12 CAL .30 M ACHINE GUN MI919A4
CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN Ml919A4
·
~
,
1' - 1
RA PD 1021648
--
.
SUSPENSION (BOGIE ) ASSEMBLY
Bracket mounts shown with the D54075 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box As semblies which are detailed on Plate 116- 1089. ThebowinstallationofD59830 Ball Mount is detailedon Plates 116-1012 and 1013.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1467
531
AIRCRAFT SWINGING BRACKET MOUNT, WW I
G. 0. N.
This swinging bracket mount with a single Lewis Cal. . 30 Machine Gun was us ed on the Curtis J-N Twin Tractor Navy Seaplane in 1917. The gun was held in a short clamp type cradle that was assembled to the pintle with a horizontal trunnion that permitted elevation and depression. The pintle was rotatable for traverse in the socket of a hinged bracket which was mounted to the aircraft structure.
SA - X424
Pintle and Cradle Assembly Detail. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1475
532
SWINGING BRACKET MOUNT - GERMAN Caliber 7.92 MG The Swinging B racket Mount shown on the left mounted a cal. 7.92 M34 machine gun. Both the Kfz 250 and 251 used this mount. The hinged gun p in t 1e of this mount rotated in a socket at the end of the rotating bracket. Traverse was limited by stowage in the ve hie le. Sander Kfz 250/10
The Swinging Bracket Mount shown with the machine gun. The Kfz 250/2 was a telephone cable laying vehicle.
REF: Erdtaktik Tak Sill Gruppe NTU, Halle, June 1941
Sander Kfz 250/2
lOV!LLE
Plate No. ll6-1677
533
GUN MOUNTS, COVENANTER TANK, BRITISH
This 20. 16 ton tank was designed in 1937 as the Crusader Mark V Cruiser tank. When introduced into training service in 1939 it was called the Covenanter. A combination mount consisting of a 2- pounder QFSA gun or a 3" Howitzer with a coaxially mounted 7. 92mm Besa machine gun was used in the rotating turret. A Bren machine rifle was suspended in a lightweight anti- aircraft mount on top of the turret. This mount was used with the hatch cover open. Some of these tanks were furnished to the Soviets. The Crusader group of tanks from which the Covenanter was derived is listed on Plate No. 116- 1343.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1345
534
DIVISION E
SECTION 4
FOLDING BRACKET AND SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNTS The bracket and short pedestal mounts previously illustrated were usually mounted adjacent to a turret hatch or opening in the vehicle hull structure. When mounted topside, these had the disadvantage of increasing the vehicle's overall height.
Also, they were susceptible to damage when moving through wooded
areas. For purposes of reduction in overall vehicular height and additional pro tection, many of the short pedestal mounts were constructed so that they could be folded or lowered when not in use. pedestal base atop a tank turret.
Plate 116-1585 shows a typical folding
Complete folding mounts were developed in
order to stow the secondary armament in a special pocket and protect the gun against damage by brush or small arms fire.
These mounts were equilibrated
to allow the gun to be quickly and easily brought up from the stowed to firing position. In some mounts, this could be accomplished from within the turret without exposing the gunner.
-
535
067511 FOLDING PINTLE BRACKET MOUNT, AA
REFERENCES: Mount: APG Report 5676/24 (16 August 1944) Photo DA 3248 M8 (T22) Armored Car: TM 9-743 (1944) OCM 179 52, 20680 DA 14868 (APG 97485) M8 Armored Car. Experi mental Folding Type Pedes tal attached to Turret. Gun in Firing Position. The D67511 Folding Pintle Bracket Mount for the Cal. . 50 B. M.G. was constructed to provide anti -aircraft protection for the M8 (T22) Armored Car. It was installed in place of the rear access port on the turret and consisted essentially of four components: A pintle socket attached to the turret of the vehicle, a cradle assembly with an ammunition tray, a folding yoke which allowed stowage of the gun to decrease the vehicle silhouette, and, lastly, the pintle. According to APG Report 5676/24 this unit, therein referred to as a Folding Type Pedestal Mount, was found to be a more desirable installation than other mounts previously suggested for use on the M8 Armored Car. The report then recommended the manufacture of the pintle shank to the M35 type pintle detail. Details of the later version 7058824 {07058824) are shown on Plate !'16 - 1557. A similar folding mount for the M4 Medium Tank is shown on Plate 116-1554.
DA 14868 (APG 97485).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1556
Gun in Traveling Position, Barrel Lock not Installed.
538
7058824 FOLDING PINTLE BRACKET MOUNT, AA (D7058824) Caliber .50
RAPD 129441
The 7058824, Folding Pintle, anti- aircraft mount was used on the turret of the M8 Armored Car and was a later version of the folding pintle mount shown on P late 116- 1556. This mount used the D90078 ammunition tray and had a counterbalance spring between the cradle and the support assembly. The installation permitted manipulation of the Cal. . 50 Machine Gun, M2, HB, flexible , through 85 o elevation, 12 o de pression and 360 v traverse. A similar folding mount for the M4 Medium Tank is shown on Plate 116 - 1554. REFERENCES: M8 Armored Car: 70588 24 Mount: TM 9- 743 (1944) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 43 (1950) SB 9 - 1952 ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 43 (1951) OCM 17952, 20680 DA 3389 RAPD 129442, 129444, 129445, 129446, 129447. A
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NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1557
539
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FOLDING SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNT Caliber . 50
Fig. 104 - DA NM T99 This mount consisted of a Riser Assembly (739 6630), a Stand Ass em b 1 y (7053698) , and a Support Assembly (739 7475) · When not in use the stand assembly could be folded and strapped to the support assembly. T hi s mount used the cal. . 50 080030 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box Assembly, shown on Plates 116-1240 and 116 - 1476.
This mount was used on the T99 155 mrr Howitzer Motor Carriage in front of the com· mander cupola, 090095. A similar mount, without the support assembly, was placed tc the rear of the commander's cupola.
T 99 Motor Carriage Ref: DA Notes on Develop ment Type Materiel (1951) APG TT1 - 696/17 ( 1953) OCM 31897 DA 27442 DA 24023 APG A74660
T99 Motor Carriage, showing front & rear short folding p e d estal mounts. Fig. 7 DA NM T 9 9
1N.$TIILLATION, RECOIL s}noC • 7.j2.J~~7
1\0V!LLE Plate No. 116 - 1585
540
DIVISION E
SECTION 5
REMOTE CONTROL SHORT PEDESTAL MOUNTS "
The English Bren PLM pedestal mount illustrated on Plate 116- 1367 was a remote control mount whose gun was capable of being worked from inside the hull by means of gear- driven controls passing through the hol.low pedestal base. A similar mount, Plate 116- 1536, was used by the Germans on their Panzer Jaeger Tank Destroyer. This consisted of a hand- controlled gun with periscopic sights for aiming located in the hollow pedestal. The gun itself was protected from small arms fire and blast splinters by means of two armored wings set in a V pattern. Other types of remote control mounts are shown in Division H, Section 3 , Division J and Division 0.
541
LIST OF MAJOR COMPONENTS l. Pedestal Base
Mk I P .L.M. PEDESTAL MOUNT, COMPONEN BRITISH
3. Sleeve 4. Bearing Bracket 5. Clamp 6. Thrust Washer 7. Lubricator 8. Actuating Gear 9. Gear Segment 10. Idler Gear 11. Driven Gear 12. Trunnion 13. Cradle Clamp 14. Cradle Body 15. Cradle Front 16. Cradle Rear 17. Trigger Support 18. Assembly Clamp 19. Assembly Clamp l<>'----- 22 20. Assembly Clamp 21. Assembly Clamp ·~~~~-- 2 1 22. Gun Front Support 23. Gun Rear Support 24. Assembly Clamp 25. Spare Drum Holder 26. Front Sight 27. Rear Sight 28. Trigger Cable Bracket 29. Trigger Actuator Brackets 30. Cable Actuated Levers 31. Trigger Rod Actuator 32. Trigger Cables 33 . Trigger Rods 34. Return Spring 3 5. Charger Rod 3 6. Gun Charger Clip 7 37. Control Handles 4 2-~. . . . 38. Remote Triggers 41 - --=-39. Handle Position Adjustment 45 40. Collar 41. Shaft 39 42. Bracket on Sleeve (3) 43. Driving Pinion 44. Driven Rack 45. Detent Notches 46. Handle Shaft 47. Travel Lock Pivot Front view of mount components with single Bren gun. 1 48. Bolt rear view of the assembly is shown on Plate No. 116- 13t 49. Brackets 50. Travel Lock Rod A traverse of 360°, elevation of 70 °, and a depression o 51. Travel Lock Tube 20 o was permitted by this mount. 52. Spring Lock 53. Locking Collar NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1365
542
Mk I P .L.M. PEDESTAL MOUNT INSTALLATION, BRITISH
15 26
40 39 ~-46 ~~._,.,
38
42 .
I P 7 20 SEP. 4.4
Rear View of Mount Prepared for Use with a Single Bren Gun. This assembly was used with either Bren or Vickers K guns in either single or twin gun installations. The gun supports (22) and (23), the trigger actuator (33), and the charger (35) were used in single or double sets as needed. The spare ammunition drum carrier (25) was used only in the single gun installations. The list of major components for the P. L. M. mount is given on Plate ll6 - 1365. An installation using a single Bren gun on the Humber II scout car is shown on Plate No. 116- 1367. An installation using two Vickers K guns on a Crusader tank is shown on Plate No. 116- 1344. P. L. M. Mounting Mark I, References: British Drawings, T. D. 10332 (1943) general arrangement of P. L. M. Mounting for single Bren gun. T. D. 10174 (1943) general arrangement of P. L. M. twin "K" MG Mounting.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1366
543
Mk I P.L.M. PEDESTAL MOUNT INSTALLATION ON HUMBER II SCOUT CAR, BRITISH Details of this mount are shown on Plates ll6-1365 and ll6- 1366.
View of single Bren gun installation with gunner's hatch cover closed. I &C 710 SEP. 4.4
The 3. 92 ton scout cars Humber Mark I and n differed in their engine gearing arrangement, but both used the P. L. M. mount Mark I of 1943. Either one or two Bren guns could be used on this mount. The pedestal base was installed on the roof of the car and controls extended through the pedestal. This permitted the gunner to aim and fire from within the hulL The sighting provisions on the gun required that the hatch be open, although the remote controls could be used with the hatch closed. The gunner's seat could be raised to the firing position by a quick-acting adjustment. The same mounting equipped with two Vickers "K" gas-operated machine guns was used in North Africa in 1943, as shown on Plate No. 116-1344. The P. L. M. mount was developed to provide greater protection for the gunner than that provided by the earlier lightweight spring suspension mount such as shown on Plate ll6- 1345. REFERENCE: Chilwell Catalog No. 64- 28 (1944) Service instruction book for Scout Car Humber ll.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1367
544
GUN MOUNTS, CRUSADER TANK, BRITISH
Crusader Mark III Cruiser Tank.
leks
The Crusader Tank of 1942 shown above was equipped with a 6-pounder QFSA gun with a coaxially mounted 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in a combination mount. A P. L. M. twin Vickers "K" anti- air craft machine gun mount was us ed on the turr et roof. This mount was aimed with the hatch cover open and internally controlled through a pedestal fastened on the turret roof. Details of this mount are given on Plate No. 116- 1366. The right hand hull enclosure contained a single Besa 7. 92mm machine gun. The Crusader tanks were the last group in the series of Cruiser tanks designed between 1938 and 1940, prior to World War II. They were used in combat early during World War II in Africa, and then withdrawn in favor of more heavily armed tanks. A listing of some of the Crusader tanks is given on Plate No. 116 - 1343. A twin 20mm turret installation on a Crusader hull is shown on Plate 116- 1342. The next development was the Cavalier 29. 12 ton Cruiser tank of 1941, which was equipped with a 6- pounder gun with a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret and a hull mounted machine gun. The Cavalier was followed by the Centaur A27, which had the same armament. The Centaur Mark IIIwas armed the same exceptfor the use of a 75mm MK 5 gun, and the Centaur Mark IV was also armed the same except for the use of a 95mm Howitzer. The Cromwell group of tanks shown on Plate 116- 1357 were developed after the Centaur tanks. ~OVILLE Plate No. 116- 1344
545
REMOTE CONTROL GERMAN MOUNT
APG B11424 (1955)
Cut- away of German Tank Destroyer, Pz JAG ( 38-ton), Hetzer, showing manually operated remote control MG 34 anti - tank gun. APG B11426 (1955)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1536
546
DIVISION F SKATE MOUNTS Contents Section 1- - - - - - - - Skate Mount Components Section 2 Skate Mounts, Rail Installations Section 3 Skate Mounts, Ring Installations Discussion The term "Skate Mount", as used herein, is intended to describe an armament assembly consisting of a weapon, a cradle and pintle assembly, and a roller carriage assembly. Such skate mounts are capable of being fitted on single tracks either straight or curved in a continuous, discontinuous or fully circular configuration. For purposes of division, tracks have been classified into two groups; the Rail Type - a division based upon the terminology used for rails along the noncircular wall of an open topped truck or a ship's rail; and the Ring Type, which is circular or nearly so, being generally of a continuous nature, tending to surround an individual operator. Due to the clearance characteristics required of a carriage rolling on a track, a certain flexibility of mounting is imposed which makes for inherent dispersion during firing. Such mounts have been limited to carrying single guns no larger than caliber .50. The skate mounts illustrated in the following sections utilized cradle and pintle assemblies of the types shown in Division B. Independent protection for vehicles against aircraft and enemy personnel has been given serious consideration all during all phases of combat vehicle
547
development. This protection took the form of secondary armament in the case of the heavily armed and armored combat vehicles and as auxiliary armament in tactical and support vehicles. As evident from illustrations of early tanks, antiaircraft protection was seriously considered as far back as World War I. These early attempts used single caliber .30 machine guns in ball mounts located on sloped walls of the turrets. Unarmored or "open top" vehicles carried pedestal mounted machine guns. The early United States scout cars utilized skate and rail or "Tourelle" mounts. These provided rapidly removable armament which could be utilized for ground fire as well as anti- aircraft fire.
However, they posed problems in that
the rail track arrangement limited traverse of the gun in action and the carriage or "skate " would tend to bind. Development programs were initiated to provide similar mounts with improved maneuverability. This resulted in the use of circular ring mounts which provided 360 o traverse and were installed on trucks as well as combat vehicles. These mounts had the advantage of providing minimum stowage interference; however, their space requirement for stowage of the gun was excessive. Varied types of pedestals and folding bracket mounts of the type shown in Divisions D and E were employed where space restrictions nullified the use of the ring mounts. The United States made extensive use of "skate" mounts for auxiliary armament on vehicles during World War
n.
Early examples have been found of the
French using a skate for a parapet gun mount. The Germans in World War ll also used a type of skate carriage in a fortification mount, Plate 116-1066.
548
The ring mounts were generally acceptable and were widely used for vehicular service. However, here too, traversing of the roller carriage or "Skate" assembly was difficult and thus concentric ring mounts shown in Division G were developed to permit easier and more rapid traverse. A special variation of skate mounts on rings, installed on cupolas of tanks, is shown in Division H, Section 2.
549
DIVISION F
SECTION 1 SKATE MOUNT COMPONENTS
The basic component of a skate type mount is the traveling carriage . Practically all carriages evaluated during this historical research utilized roller type wheels to guide the carriage on the rail. Early carriages for U.S. vehicular mounts were based on designs used for aircraft mounts and used a type of cradle which effectively pivoted the gun at the base axis.
Later, recoil type cradles were utilized as well as cradle and pintle
assemblies from the ground tripod mounts. These all fitted a sub-pintle adapter, noted as the "gun attached pintle" for rapid transfer to ground tripod mounts, plus gun elevation and traverse adjusting mechanisms. Further development, culminating in the M35C, Plate 116- 1083, replaced the tripod mount cradle, the elevation and traverse adjustment mechanism, and the sub-pintle adapter. Instead, a welded or cast cradle and pintle assembly was used with the gun fastened to the cradle by fore and aft locking pins. The cradle included an ammunition box holder and could carry either a caliber .50 or caliber .30 machine gun. The evolution of the carriage was primarily one of detail. Those carriages intended for rail mounting incorporated a pintle canting mechanism to restore the pintle to a vertical position while the carriage was on a tilted position of the rail. The ring mounted carriages did not include this mechanism as practically all rings were mounted relatively level.
551
PINTLE SOCKET AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY, G-1 AIR CORPS MOUNT Caliber . 30
RIA 750 - 40195
RIA 750-40194
This carriage assembly from the Aircraft Type G1 Mount was used with cal. . 30 cradle and pintle assemblies in a series of experimental skate mounts intended for vehicular use. A dozen rollers were used to enclose the supporting rail and guide the carriage. The lower serrated handle was used to manually lock the carriage assembly to the rail at any position desired. The upper serrated collar was used to hold the pintle assembly of the gun cradle in either a locked or free turning position. An adjustable spring loaded locking lever held the main pintle socket in one of three positions of elevation within a secondary pintle. This secondary pintle, in turn, could be locked in one of three positions of traverse by a spring loaded lock. Shown with this carriage is a lightweight rail, used in aircraft installations. Lightening holes and coved corners were used to minimize weight. A heavier vehicular rail, installed on the T13 Scout Car, is shown on Plate No. 116-1056.
WVILLE Pla l l' No. 116- 1052
552
SKATE MOUNT, AIR CORPS USED ON T13 SCOUT CAR Caliber . 30 An installation of this assembly is shown on Plate No. 116- 1056. Ref. OCM 13 870
RIA 816 -41968 (1937) RIA 816- 41969 (1937)
Components of this early experimental skate mount assembly consisted of a carriage assembly, an adapter T12 which included a pintle, cradle and ammunition box, and a cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun, Model 1919A4. This is a vehicular version of an aircraft mount which is shown on Plate No. 116- 1088. The carriage assembly, suitable for rail or ring installation, included rail and pintle locks, pintle elevation and traverse position adjustments, and support rollers, all similar to the assembly detailed on Plate No. 116- 1052. A short cradle assembly encircled the gun barrel and was bolted to the forward mounting holes of the gun. Pivot joints connected the cradle and pintle arms. The V -shaped pintle was held in the carriage assembly by a quick disconnect socket which could be placed in a locked or free turning position. The ammunition box was bolted to the cradle and latched to the feedway of the gun.
NOVTLLE P la t£' No. 116- 1053
553
T38 SKATE MOUNT. COMPONENTS Caliber . 50
APG 36616 (1938) View of cradle, pintle, ammunition box, and recoil mechanism group from the T3 8 Skate Mount. The later developments of this mount were the M21 Skate Mount for cal. . 50 machine guns, shown on Plate No. 116- 1120, and the M22 Skate Mount for cal. . 30 machine guns. The T38 Skate Mount used the pintle socket and carriage assembly shown below and detailed on Plate No. 116- 1122 and is shown installed on the rail of the M2A1 Scout Car on Plate No. 116- 1069. Weight Table: Gun Mount T3 8 Cal. . 50 recoil sub cradle Cal. . 50 recoil cradle Cal. . 50 HB AC MG 50 rounds cal. . 50 ball ammunition in links Total weight suspended on track
21 33 38 82
lb. lb. lb. lb.
4 8 8 8
oz. oz. oz. oz.
15 lb. 0 oz. 190 lb. 12 oz.
The cradle assembly shown includes the pintle, D32985. REFERENCE: OCM 13997
APG 36615 (1938) View of pintle socket and carriage assembly from T38 Skate Mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1070
554
M21 (T38) SKATE MOUNT Caliber. 50
RIA 842 - 398
This M21 Skate Mount was installed on the continuous rail in the M3 and M2A1 Scout Cars for both ground and anti-aircraft protection. The M2A1 Scout Car and themethodofrail mounting is shown on Plate No. 116-1069, using asimilarearlier skate mount, the T38, which is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1070. This mount used a caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun M2, heavy barrel, fixed.
'
)
f)
•
RIA 842 - 400
M21 SKATE MOUNT REFERENCES: Assembly Drawings 037718, 033719, 033740, (Modified); D37513. OCM 14371, OCM 14377, OCM 15804, OCM 15235. RIA-MG-37 (R-59) (1939) notes on M21 MG Mount. Anti-aircraft use of this mount from within the car was limited. Additional views and list of components are shown on Plate No. 116-1121. The pintle socket and carriage assembly is detailed on Plate No. 116-1122.
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1120
555
M21 (T38) SKATE MOUNT, COMPONENTS
I~
Weight List: M1 Recoil Cradle: Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly: Traveling Lock Assembly: Trigger Mechanism: Ammunition Box:
52 lb. 23. 50 8. 50 7. 75 5. 00
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10
List of Major Components of the M21 Skate Mount Pintle socket and cradle assembly 2. Cradle pintle assembly 3. L. H. cradle side plate 4. R. H. cradle side plate 5. M1 recoil mechanism, cal. . 50 6. Travel position locking assembly 7. Rail in vehicle 8. Cradle pintle retaining nut 9. Cradle pintle 360° traverse lock 10. Elevating mechanism support bar 11. Cradle assembly cross bar 12. Support block for gun pintle 1.
13. Cradle elevation trunnions 14. Cradle elevation locking screw 15. M2 B. M.G. cal. . 50, H. B. fixed 16. Gun attached pintle 17. Gun pintle locking lever 18. Gun traverse slide lock 19. Gun elevating screw knob 20. Traveling lock pin 21. Ammunition box assembly 22. Gun sighting mechanism 23. Cradle elevation locking nut
Additional views of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1120. Details of the pintle socket and cradle assembly are shown on Plate No. 116-1122.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1121
556
PINTLE SOCKET AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY USED ON M21 AND T3 8 SKATE MOUNT
LIST OF MAJOR COMPONENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Rail in vehicle Body casting Two top rollers with bearings Two bottom rollers with bearings Four outer solid rollers Four inner hinged locking rollers Track position unlocking lever R. H. lever actuated screw L. H. lever actuated screw L. H. screw driven roller wedge R. H. screw driven roller wedge
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Screw support bearing L. H. screw adjustment nut R. H. screw adjustment nut Track position self- locking springs Pintle socket bushing Pintle shaft locking lever Threaded jaw insert Jaw insert Pintle shaft locking screw Insert anti - rotation pins
Skate Mount M21 is shown on Plates No. 116- 1120 and -1121. Skate Mount T38 is shown on Plates No. 116- 1069 and - 1070.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1122
557
M22 SKATE MOUNT Caliber . 30
Rail Installation Detail This cal. . 30 Skate Mount Assembly was developed after the experimental Air Corps type mounts shown on Plates No. 116- 1053 & 1056, and prior to the M30 Skate Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1081. It was previously designated T38 (P late No. 116- 1070.) Rail installations of the M22 Skate Mount on the M3 and M3A1 Scout Cars are shown on Plate No. 116- 1071. This mount was also used on the T7 Half Track Personnel Carrier. M22 SKATE MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 14371; OCM 15235; RIA- MG- 35(R- 50) 1939, noted on M22 mount; RIA-AC-8 (Q43); Dwg. 33667; Dwg. 33710; Photos RIA 819 - 42468, 42469.
Gun Elevation and Traverse Adjustment Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Holder Assembly
Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly RIA 819 - 42470
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1076
558 .
034803 SKATE MOUNT Caliber . 30
RIA 811 - 1072 (1939) Used with M1917 Caliber . 30 W. C. Browning Machine Gun
This early skate mount assembly was an experimental mount used on the rail of the M3A1 Scout Car. The M3A1 Scout Car and a list of various mounts used is shown on Plate No. 116- 1036. The cradle and pintle assembly of the D34803 skate mount was the T5E1 type, which is shown on Plate No. 116- 1095. The T5 series of cradle and pintle assemblies were early versions of cradles used in the M1917 A1 tripod, cal. . 30. The M1917 A1 tripod is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1096. The pintle socket and carriage assembly used in the D34803 skate mount included rail locking mechanism, pintle lock, and a tilt adjusting handwheel. A companion mount, 034617, used the caliber. 50 Browning Machine Gun instead of a caliber . 30 Browning Machine Gun. The next skate mount development was the M29 skate mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1079. The M29 skate mount used the production cradle from the M1917 A1 tripod.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1058
559
M29 SKATE MOUNT Caliber . 30 Shown with cal. . 30 B. M.G.
M2~ ~.Kate
Mount Components :
D7431 Cradle and pintle assembly shown on Plate 116- 1098, from the M1917 A1 tripod cal. . 30, shown on Plate 116- 1096. D36961 Pintle socket and carriage assembly, shown on Plate No. 116- 1037.
Developed from the D34803 Skate Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1058.
--=· RAPD 53711
M29 SKATE MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 16698 SNL A- 55, Sec. 14 · Dwg. D36956 RAPD 3334
Shown with cal. . 30 B. M.G. M1917A1 Used on the rails of: M3A1 Scout Car M4 and M4A1 Half Tracks M2 Half Track T16 Half Track
Plate 116- 1036 3 5o Elevation 25 o Depression 80 o R. Traverse 80 o L. Traverse
Plate 116- 1084 Plate 116- 1086 Plate 116-1055
RAPD 53712
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1079
560
D40721 PINTLE SOCKET AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY Cradle and pintle assembly D40733, shown on Plate No. 116-1123, is combinedwith D40721 to make up the skate mount assembly shown on Plate No. 116- 1073 .
I
~ IJ-
A - NUT - 503383 B - WASHER - 10334 1 C - LEVER - Bl96171 o - SCREW - 8154768 E- PIN - 8FDXICL F - SPRING - A16597 5 C - SCREW - 8154767 H -- LEVER - 8 195110
KLMN-
0p-
N UT - B8SX4AB HANDLE - A230483 WASHER - A188011 CLAMP - B 146269 SPRI NG - A165974 PIN - 103695 RODY - D40120 CLAMP- Bl46270 , RA PO 59415
Brake Group:RAPD 130145 calls out later part numbers.
D
The skate mount assembly shown on P late 116- 1073 is used in the M49 ring mount assembly shown on P late No. 116-1186.
K
A
I
-,
ABCDE-
ROLLER • A 168672 PIN - A165953 NUT - BBSX4AD ROLLER - A 172938 NUT • 503383 F - RETAI N ER - A230355 C - BOLT - A230482 H - RETAINER - A 230354 1- PIN- A\76190 J - BODY - D40720 K - BOLT- A23048 1
RA PD 59416
Early version assembly, D40721 References: ORD 9 SNL A- 55 Sec. 19 (1944) Roller Group:RAPD 130146 calls out later part numbers. D40721 References: P hotos RAPD 66780, 66781, and 66782 are substantially the same as shown, with the exception of nomenclature for some of the fasteners. ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 50 (1951)
~HES
ABC0EFCHI-
PLUNGER - AB0476 SPR ING - A230394 NUT - 8BSX4AA SCREW - 215933 PIN , ASSEM BLY- B195 179 WASHER · 115548 .. HANDLE - A230349 BODY - D40720 SCREW, ASSEMBLY - A 230313
RA PO 59417
NOVILLE ·Plate No. 116-1099
561
Body Group: RAPD 130147 calls out later part numbers.
EARLY M30, 036958, SKATE MOUNT Ca li ber
. 3 0 or . 50
The pintle socket and carriage assembly of this mount is similar to the D36961 assembly shown on Plate No. 116- 1037, with the exception of the sleeve and pintle shaft locking detail. The cradle, pintle, and ammunition box assembly D36960 is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1094.
A later development of the M30 Skate Mount is shown on Plate 116-1081.
RIA 811 - 1265 (1939) This skate mount assembly was one of a series of similar mounts leading to the M35 skate mount shown on Plate No. 116-1035. The later M30 skate mount and the M3 5 used a carriage with a split pintle socket locked by a lever, instead of the handwheel operated pintle lock visible above.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1061
562
M30 SKATE MOUNT (MOUNT, MACHINE GUN CALIBER. 30 OR .. 50, M30)
RAPD 50928 Shown Used With: Cal. . 50 HB, Flex. B. M. G. Rail Mount Installations of the M30 Skate Mount:
COMPONENTS: D36960 cradle, pintle, and box assembly, detailed on Plate No. 116- 1094, and D36961 pintle socket and carriage assembly, detailed on Plate No. 116- 1037.
M3A1 Scout Car; Plate 116- 1036. M2 Half Track 81mm. M. C.; Plate 116- 1086. M 4 Half Track 81 mm. M. C. ; Plate 116- 1084. Mark II LVT(2) shown on Plate 116- 1087.
The M30 Skate Mount Assembly was developed prior to the M35 Skate Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1035. Both mounts used the pintle 5559332 (C59332) and the carriage assembly D36961. In the later mount the adjustable rear gun support was replaced by a simpler, fixed, T - shaped support.
View of M30 Skate Mount installed on vehicle rail.
RAPD 13020
M30 SKATE MOUNT REFERENCES: SNL A-55, Sec. 15. OCM 16698, 24118, 24328, 33162, Dwg. D36958. 3 5o Elevation, 25 o Depression, 80 o R. Traverse, 80 o L. Traverse. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1081
563
,' I
~i,) I
M35 SKATE MOUNT (Mount, Machine Gun, cal. . 30 or cal. . 50, M3 5)
USED WITH: Cal. . 30 M1919A4 Flex. B. M. G. or Cal. . 50 M2 HB Flex. B. M. G. COMPONENTS: 054075 cradle, pintle, and ammunition box holder; detailed on Plate No. and 116-1089 D36961 pintle socket and carriage; detailed on Plates 116-1037, 116- 1108. RAPD 117652 The caliber . 30 and . 50 machine guns were mounted in the M3 5 Skate Mount by means of the pintle 5559332 which is a component of the M2 caliber. 30 tripod ground mount and the M3 caliber . 50 tripod ground mount. This permitted quick transfer of the guns from on-vehicular use to ground use, or vice versa. The M35 Skate Mount was developed after the M30 Skate Mount shown on Plate No. 116-1081. Both mounts were the same except for the rear gun support. The M35 used a simple T-shaped rear gun support, while the M30 used a mechanism with fine adjustments for traverse and elevation. This latter mechanism is still used on ground tripod mounts, but was omitted from later vehicular mounts. Rail Installations of the M3 5 Skate Mount: M3A1 Scout Car, shown on Plates 116-1036, -1071, with cal. . 50. M2 Half Track, shown on Plate No. 116-1086, with cal. . 30 and cal.. 50. M4 Half Track, 81mm. M. C. shown on Plate No. 116-1084. M4A1 Half Track, 81mm. M. C. shown on Plate 116-1084, with cal. . 30. T16 Half Track, shown on Plate No. 116-1055. MK ll LVT (2), shown on Plate No. 116-1087.
RAPD 117653
M35 SKATE MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 28 (1950) (1943) ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 28 (1950) (1944) TM 9-224 (1943), TM 9-2205 (1952) OCM 18312, 24118, 24328. Dwg. D54076 3 5o Elevation, 25 o Depression, 80 o R. Traverse, 80 o L. Traverse. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1035
564
M35C SKATE MOUNT (MOUNT, MACHINE GUN, CAL . . 30 OR CAL . . 50, M35C
USED WITH: cal. . 30 M1919A4 Flex. B. M.G. or cal. . 50M2 HB Flex. B. M.G.
COMPONENTS: El0014 cradle, pintle, ammunition holder , detailed on Plate No. 116-1091 and D3 69 61 pintle socket and carriage. Detailed on Plates: 116- 1037 116-1108 Although the M35C Skate Mount was similar in nomenclature to the M35 Skate Mount shown on Plate No. 116-1035, only the pintle socket and carriage assembly D36961 was common to both. The M35C used a tray to hold either cal. . 30 or . 50 ammunition boxes M1 and M2 and supported the machine gun directly within the cradle. Rail Installations of the M35C Skate Mount: M3A1 Scout Car, shown on Plate No. 116-1036. M4 Half Track 81mm. M. C. shown on Plate 116-1084. M4A1 Half Track 81mm. M. C. shown on Plate 116-1084. M35C Skate Mount References:
CARRIAGE
RA PO 123163
Shown with Cal. . 30 B. M. G.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1083
565
ORD Part No. 6590214 ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 28 (1950) (1944) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 28 (1950) (1943) ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. l (1952) OCM 24118, OCM 24328
D36961 PINTLE SOCKE T AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBL,
USED AS: Part of M3 5 Skate Mount, shown on Plate 116- 103 5. Part of M35C Skate Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1083. Part of M30 Skate Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1081.
CANTING 1'. 11· . . . - - HANDWHEEl
Part of M29 Skate Mount, shown on Plate 116 - 1079.
RA PD 13017
The canting handwheel shown was used to restore the pintle socket assembly to a vertical plane when the carriage assembly was in a tilted position. This adjustment was a self locking worm and traveling nut arrangement. The pintle clamp handle was used to retain the various pintle shafts used in the skate mount assemblies listed above. APG Report 539 5/2 (1940) covered tests and minor change recommendations to the pilot model of D36961, based on cal. . 30 and cal. . 50 firings from the M3A1 Scout Car Rail. A decrease in wall thickness of the pintle bracket for improved traverse locking and elimination of the friction type lock was recommended.
I
BUSHING- A 170919 PIN- 103375 NUT- 125043~ RETAINER- 8 1
SLEEVE- 036948
y
(SEE FIG
II, 12 AND 13 )
.
·~
BOLT- 223584
·PIN- 103564
COLLAR-A187243-
d
-(}
=:;~
PIN- 103374 HANDWHEEL- 8159410
\
~
KNOB- A 172911
I
PIN- A 172913 RA PO 117986
Pintle socket components and carriage assembly. Refer to Plate 116-1108 for carriage assembly components. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1037
566
CARRIAGE COMPONENTS
flO 12AHDIJ)
_...----WASHER-120394·
~~NUT-503351
FROM THE 036961 PINTLE SOCKET AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY SHOWN ON PLATE NO. 11 6-1 037
SCREW- 120697
~
F ig. 11 Track Brake Handle Components lA PO 117987
SCREW-8 1 5~768
Fig. 12 Brake Operating Components
11'"-m••
CLAMP- B SPRING-A16S97.S
~
1---
PIN- 505493
~WASHEA-AIB801 7
SPRING- AI6S97 ilA PO 117988
PIN - A16460S •
Fig. 13 Roller and Body Components ROllER - 7110323 PIN - A16.59.53
ROllER - 711 1733 (SHOWN) OA
~-""" RETAINER -
lA PO 117989
To provide a braking action for this carriage the rollers in retainers Al659 51 were wedged against the vehicle rail by the clamps B146269 and Bl46270 . These clamps were driven by the screws Bl54768 and B154767 whenever the handle assemblywas presseddownagainstthe springs Al65974 and A165975.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1108
567
SKATE MOUNT
COMPOSED OF D40733 CRADLE AND PINTLE ASSEMBLY With D40721 PINTLE SOCKET AND CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY Caliber .30 or Caliber . 50
RA PD 57378A
......~
Detail of Components: Cradle and pintle assembly D40733 is detailed on P late No. 116-1123 and D40721 is detailed on Plate 116-1099. This Skate Mount is used with the ammunition box D40731, shown on Plate No. 116- 1185, in early M49 ring mounts, and with D90078 ammunition box holder, shown on Plate No. 116- 1184, in late M49 ring mounts.
Detail showing use of cal. . 30 · Browning Machine Gun
The ring mount assembly, M49, is shown on Plate No. 116-1186.
Detail showing use of cal. . 50 Browning Machine Gun
CLAMP HANDLE
RING ·
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1073
RA PO 76885
568
SECTION 2
DIVISION F SKATE MOUNTS, RAIL INSTALLATIONS
F or purposes of presentation, a division between rail and ring installations has been made in this study. The rail installations were made on tracks either straight or curved, not necessarily continuous, with more than one man and one gun fitting within the enclosure made by the rail, each operator firing his weapon independently of the other. The ring installations shown in the following section were circular or oval in plan view, with only sufficient r oom for one operator and hence one gun mounting installation. Both types of installations used skate mounts such as shown in the previous section. Basically s ome of the requirements for machine gun mountings on such rails were: 1. The machine gun be readily demountable and rapidly and easily installed
on a tripod ground mount. 2. The mount be capable of being locked or stowed for travel and be capable of withstanding travel shocks and bumps, yet be rapidly brought into action. 3. In order to fix the gun at one position along the rail, a carriage lock be incorporated as well as a cant corrector to keep the gun upright when operating on a sloping rail or tilted vehicle. 4. The complete mount be rigid to minimize whip and dispersion during firing.
569
SKATE MOUNT ON RAIL FRENCH WW I
This early French shielded skate mount used a Hotchkiss Machine Gun, Model 1897. The gun was carried on trunnions permitting elevation and depression, and thetrunnionswerepartof a pintle assembly that included a shield supportandpintle shaft. The pintle shaft, in turn, was supported in a pintle socket and carriage assembly. A pintle locking lever and a rail position locking lever were both provided on the pintle socket and carriage assembly. Top rail rollers were enclosed within the body casting of the carriage assembly. Inside wall rollers were carried on the ammunition supply tray support straps. These support straps extended over the rail to provide a front wall bearing. The gun shown weighed 20 lbs., fired 8mm cartridges from 30 round clips at a maximum rate of 600 RPM. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1100
570
SKATE MOUNT, AIR CORPS, INSTALLED ON RAIL OF T13 SCOUT CAR Caliber . 30
RIA 816- 41989 (1938)
The continuous rail attached to the rim on the open box body of the Scout Car T13 was used to test several combinations of caliber . 30 machine gun skate mount assemblies. The skate mount assembly shown installed above is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1053, while the assembly shown below is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1054 along with others of the same nature. In turn, the pintle socket and carriage assembly used in these installations is detailed on Plate No. 116-1052. These installations were intended for use as dual purpose mounts. Flexibility for anti-aircraft fire was unimpeded, but ground use was severely limited due to the interference of the cab. The APG Report 5353/2 (1938) on a later mount, the T - 38, refers to earlier unsatisfactory tests of an Air Corps Type G1 Mount on Scout Car T13. An aircraft installation of a similar mount is shown on Plate No. 116-1088.
APG 36275 (1937)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1056
571
T38 SKATE MOUNT, INSTALLATION ON RAIL OF M2Al SCOUT CAR
APG 36614 (1938)
The carriage of this assembly traveled on a continuous track within the hull of the M2A1 Scout Car. The mount included a sub cradle and a recoil cradle mechanism for the caliber. 50 Browning M2, heavy barrel, air - cooled machine gun. In addition, an adapter was furnished to permit use of the caliber. 30 M1919A4 Browning Machine Gun. The mount could be locked to the track at any desired position, and traversed 360°, but did not have a tilting mechanism for returning the cradle to a vertical plane when the carriage was not in a level position. A range of depression of 14 o and elevation of 65 o was permitted by the cradle assembly, with fine adjustments obtained through the aft mechanism. A 50- round capacity ammunition box was attached to the cradle assembly and bolted to the left hand side of the sub cradle. APG 5353/2 (1938) test of gun mount T38 on Scout Car M2A1 reported satisfactory test of the recoil cradle group from T38 on the M3 tripod cal. . 50. The same report lists tests, minor modifications made, and recommended further modifications. The M21 Skate Mount for caliber . 50 guns, shown on Plates 116-1120 and - 1121, incorporated the recommendations of the report. Components of this mount are shown on Plate 116- 1070. carriage assembly is detailed on Plate 116- 1122.
REFERENCE: OCM 13997 NOVU..LE Plate No. 116-1069
572
The pintle socket and
M22 AND M35 SKATE MOUNTS, INSTALLATION ON THE RAILS OF TIIE M3 AND M3Al SCOUT CARS
M3A1 Scout Car.
APG 38833 (1939)
With rail installations of two M22 Skate Mounts, cal. . 30 and one M35 Skate Mount, cal. . 50. Note the stowed M2 cal. . 30 and M3 cal. . 50 tripods. The gun attached pintles are in use on the Skate Mounts. The M22 Skate Mount assembly is detailed on Plate No. 116-1076. The M35 Skate Mount assembly is detailed on Plate No. 116-1035.
M22 Skate Mount installed on M3 Scout Car. RIA 819-42467 (1938)
/ ,.o v NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1071
573
LIST OF SKATE MOUNTS INSTALLED ON RAIL OF M3Al SCOUT CARS
~.·t
Shown above are two types of skate mounts installed on the rail of the M3A1 Scout Car. The forward mount with a cal. . 50 machine gun is an early version of the M35 Skate Mount. The later M3 5 Skate Mount used a "T" shaped fixed rear gun support instead of the triangular support shown. This support was one of several fixed rear gun supports tested during development of the M3 5 Skate Mount. The M29 Skate Mount is shown installed on the rail at the side of the hull. This mount was utilized with a caliber . 30 machine gun. List of Skate Mounts used at various times on the M3A1 Scout Car: Skate Mount D34803 D34617 D36958 M22 M29 M30 M35 M35C
Caliber
. 30 . 50 . 50 .30 . 30 . 30 . 30 or . 50 . 30 or . 50
Plate Reference 116-1058 116-1058 116-1061 116-1076, -1071 116-1079 116-1081 116-103 5 116-1083
The M3A1 Scout Car, designed in 1939, weigtled 5 tons, and was used as a cavalry reconnaissance car. Early models used the M4 Pedestal Mountshownon Plate No. 116-1124. M3A1 SCOUT CAR REFERENCES: TM 9 -705 (1942), Photos: DA 7514, APG 38833, ORD 14406A.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1036
574
M29 AND M35 SKATE MOUNTS, M2 HALF TRACK, INSTALLATION
... .... ··
... ..
.
.
.. ..
..
One M3 5 Skate Mount with a cal. . 50 M. G. and One M3 5 Skate Mount with a cal. . 3 0 M. G. on Supporting Structure D48411
RAPD 31982
The M35 Skate Mounts are detailed on Plate No. 116-1035 and The M29 Skate Mounts are detailed on Plate No. 116-1 079.
One M3 5 Skate Mount with a cal. . 50 M. G. and Two M29 Skate Mounts with cal. . 30 M. G. s on Supporting Structure D48411. M2 HALF TRACK CAR REFERENCES: TM 9 - 710 (1944) Photos: DA 278, 7543, 7544, 7545, 7546, RAPD 314013
DA 14048
The M2E5 Half Track Car, Photo DA 7886, also had a rail for Skate Mounts. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1086
575
SKATE MOUNTS ON RAIL OF M4 AND M4Al HALF TRACK 81MM MORTAR CARRIERS
.._\ . . .
t:·
~~
. Half Track 81mm Mortar Carrier, with M29 Skate Mount cal. . 30.
DA 590
Early models of the M4 Half Track used both the M30 Skate Mount cal. . 50 and the M29 Skate Mount cal. . 3 0. Later models used both a cal. . 30 and a cal. . 50 MG on either the M35 or M35C Skate Mounts. Early models of the M4A1 Half Track used the M29 Skate Mount cal. . 30 while later models used the M35 or M35C Skate Mount. Skate Mount Plate References M29 cal. . 30 116- 1079 M30 cal. . 50 116- 1081 M35 cal. . 30 or . 50 116- 1035 M35C cal. . 30 or . 50 116- 1083 M4 HALF TRACK REFERENCES: TM 9- 710 (1942) (1953), TM 9- 2800 - 1 (1953) M4A1 HALF TRACK REFERENCES: TM 9- 710 (1944) (1953), TM 9- 2800- 1 (1953)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1084
RAPD 122961 M4 Half Track 81mm M. C. with M3 5 Skate Mount cal. . 50.
576
DIVISION F
SECTION 3 SKATE MOUNTS, RING INSTALLATIONS
Single weapon ring mount installations of the type shown herein were used mainly in trucks, on tactical combat v e hi c 1e s, as well as aircraft cockpits. These mounts required the operator to fully expose himself during firing. Such skate and ring installations were not armored or covered except as needed for environmental protection. In aircraft applications the covers consisted of continuations of the main transparent canopy, with provisions for displacement prior to firing. Vehicular applications of these mounts used fabric covers for environmental protection only, and had to be removed prior to firing. While it may appear that an enormous number of different ring mounts were developed, actually once the M49 series of rings was produced, the succeeding truck mounts varied only in their method of fixing the mount to the vehicle rigidly enough to reduce dispersion to an acceptable level. Tank cupola applications of these mounts are shown in Division H, Section 2. These cupola applications may be regarded as transitional stages leading to the development of the concentric ring cupola mounts. This can be visualized by expanding the carriage assembly of an arrangement such as the M49AlC skate mount until it becomes a concentric bearing ring.
577
SKATE MOUNT, AIRCRAFT INSTALLATION
Manually operated Skate Mounts of the type shown abovewere developed during the 1930's and used during World War II in U.S. Navy and Army aircraft. Mounts of this type for free-firing guns were developed after the Scarff Mounts which originated during World War I. The assembly illustr ated is similar to the Air Corps Gl Mount. It consists of a circular rail or rail segment, a pintle socket and carriage assembly, and a cradle and pintle assembly. It was used with an M2 Browning Aircraft Machine Gun caliber. 30, Flexible, with ring and post sights and a manual charger. Assembled to the gun and cradle were an ammunition box holder, an ammunition supply box, an expended case collection box, and an expended link collection box. Skate Mounts of this type were used in both the front and rear cockpits of the Douglas A- 20A airplane and other aircraft. Details of the pintle socket and carriage assembly with a lightweight rail segment are shown on Plate No. 116- 1052, while a version of this mount, developed for vehicular use, with an M1919A4 Browning Machine Gun caliber . 30 is shown on Plate No. 116- 1053. An installation of this mount modified for vehicular use is shown on Plate No. 116- 1056. Cradles from similar Air Corps mounts are shown on Plate No. 116- 1054.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1088
578
SKATE MOUNT, AIRCRAFT TYPE u.s. 1940
A Browning cal. . 30 aircraft machine gun carried in a cradle similar to the one shown on Plate No. 116- 1054 was used in this assembly. The gun, cradle and pintle assembly, and the ammunition supply and expended link and case collection boxes were all supported by a pintle socket and carriage assembly. This carriage assembly included rollers that surrounded a rail segment. The carriage had a traverse range of approximately 100° on the rail segment. A complete ring was attached to the interior face of the rail segment and included a pair of brackets for structurally mounting the assembly. The brackets had pivots at the top for support of the cockpit canopy. A vertically adjustable seat assembly was carried on the ring by rollers, to permit the gunner to face either direction when traveling.
-
NOVILLE P lat<• No. 116 - 1314
579
T9, T lO, & TlO MODIFIED RING MOUNTS
RIA 894- 4603
RIA 894- 4607
The principal components of the TlO mount were a 3 6" diameter flanged ring with three mounting brackets ;a carriage assembly, D38812; a cradle and pintle assembly, D38820; an ammunition tray; and an elevating and tr aversing mecha nism, D38807 and D38808. The cradle was designed to receive either a caliber . 50 HB, M2 flexible machine gun or a caliber .30 machine gun, M1919A4 . This mount, which was intended for use on 2- 1/2 ton trucks or larger, was later designated as the M32 Ring Mount shown on Plate 116- 1573.
TlO Ring Mount The T9 Ring Mount, not shown here, wa: similar to the T10 mount but with a sma lle diameter ring. It mounted only the calibe . 3 0 machine gun . T9 MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA- MG- 47 (R46) 1941; Serial No. 1; (C- 767)( 1); #D42916, A, B, C; lnstallatio Dwgs. D388212 and D38822. OCM 15969 T10 MOUNT REFERENCES: RIA-MG- 47 (R46) 1941; Serial No. 1; (C - 767)(1); #D42916, A, B, C; lnstallatio Dwgs. D38823, D38824; OCM's 15969, 17720; RIA Photos 894-4604, - 4605, - 4606, - 4608, and 894- 4627, - 4628, -4 62~ AFB Photos 1370, 1378; APG Photo 5 53 6~
AFB 1775 (19 41) A report, dated 16 September 1941, of the Fort Knox AFB Project 94 describes a modification of the T10 mount in which the elevating& traversing mechanism were eliminated and a higher pintle and different cradle in the cradle, pintle assembly was substituted. It recommended that the cal. .30 ammunition box be made shallower by two inches. REF: APG Photo 54980 ( 1941). TlO Modified Ring Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1525
580
M32 TRUCK RING MOUNT, DEVELOPMENT GUN MOUNT. TRUCK. M32
M25 Tank Transporter
RAPD ·77012.
This ring mount originated from the TlO and T10 Modified Ring Mounts, shown on Plate 116-1525. The ring was enlarged from the 36" ring diameter of the T10 series to a 42" ring.
DA 8691.
A number of track assemblies were constructed for the M32 in an attempt to eliminate the original track deformation before the !- Section type of track, C- 90771, of the M49 Mount was approved. One early ring was doubly reinforced by l/4" bands welded both to the inside and outside circumferences, an illustration of which is shown in the DA 7852 photograph below. Another experimental ring was stiffened by a 1/4" plate weldecl to the inside surface only. One ring was rectangular in cross section. Before standardization of this truck mount for the 2-1/2 ton, 6 x 6, truck, LWB Cargo, closed cab(GMC), a number oftrack support groupb with the M49 Ring Mount were designated as the M32 Ring Mount as illustrated by photographs RAPD 77012 and DA 8691 above. Photograph DA 7852 shows a track support group with the doubly reinforced track which was also designated as the M32 Mount. The final standardization of the M32 Mount of which the M49 Ring Mount was a principal component is shown on Plate 116-1573. The following reports cover in part the development of this Mount:
..
•
APG 76/1 (1942), 5676/1 (1942), 5676/2, 5676/5 (1943), 5676/38 (1945), 5676/39 (1945); APG 384; Fort Knox AFB Project 454 (19 43).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1582
581
M49 RING MOUNT
This ring mount was a basic component of a number of truck mounts. It consisted of a simple flanged track or ring with three mounting brackets. A caliber .30 or . 50 machine gun was carried in a cradle which was free to traverse around the pintle socket of a carriage which in turn could be traversed through 360° on the ring. With a maximum elevation of 80 o and depression of 20 o, this mount could be used against aircraft as well as ground targets. A bracket was attached to the side of the cradle and on the early models held the D40731 Tray Assembly, Plate 116-1185. The D90078 Tray Assembly, Plate 116-1184, was used on the later models. The cradle assembly, D40733, detailed TRAY, ASSY Plate 116- 1123 consisted of two subon OR TRAY, ASSY- 040731 I assemblies, the cradle body and the pintle. BRACKET- CI52812 The cradle had a rear spacer located between the cradle arms that swung towards the rear for use with the cal. NUT- 503350 . 50 machine gun, and was brought forward between the rear mounting lugs NUT-503344 ----..-~ of the caliber .30 machine gun when that weapon was used. The pintle was constructed with a straight shank that could also be utilized in conjunction with the M35 type of socket by use of an adapter. The carriage assembly, D40721, detailed on Plate Number 116-1099, was constructed with rollers which rode against and along the track flange. A pressure brake was used to lock the carriage to the track. The locking was accomplished by a sliding cam which forced the four inner horizontal rollers against the ring flange. The pintle socket of the carriage was located on the inner side of the carriage nearest RA PD ·130143 to the gunner. 582 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1186
M49C RING MOUNT
RAPD 22842A
This M49C Ring Mount used mostof the principal components of its predeces sor, the M49 Ring Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1186, such as; the D40721 Carriage Assembly shown on Plates 116- 1073 and 116- 1099, and either the 040731 or 090078 Ammunition Trays shown on Plates 116- 1185 and 116 - 1184, respectively. It differed only in the use of a ring track, 078542, having a continuous mounting flange. The M49 mount used the Ring, C90771, with three mounting brackets. The operation of this mount was identical to that of the M49 mount. The APG Project 5676 Report series covered the development of the M49 s eries of Ring Mounts.
M49C MOUNT REFERENCES:
NUT - 503344
ORD Part No. 7115031; ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952}; ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 ( 1951); SNL A-55, Sec. 19.
__-s
M49C MOUNT USED ON: CRADLE- ASSY- 040733
IINCHES
RING- 078542 SCREW - 179259~
PLATE-7115034~
' RA PO 130144
NOVILLE Plate No, 116-1566
583
M6 38-ton tractor, TM 9 - 738 (1952}, T41E1 Tank Recovery Vehicle; M32 Series Tank Re covery Vehicles, TM 9 - 738 (19 43 }; M26A1 Tractor truck, 6 x 6; M8 Armored Car Light; M8E 1 Armored Car Light. M4 Series 18-ton Tractors, TM 9 - 785 (1952); M5 Series 13-ton Tractor. M49C MOUNT USED IN: Truck Mounts- M56, M57, M58, M59, M60, and M61.
M49C RING MOUNT, MODIFIED Caliber . 3 0 or . 50
DA 5048 (1945)
DA 5048 (1945)
The M49C Ring Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1566, was modified to fit over the Commander's cupola of the T28 Super Heavy Tank. The modification consisted of (1) removing a quarter section of the track in order that the cupola door could be opened, and (2) the attachment of the ring mount by four tubular brackets to the tank turret. The operation of this mount was essentially the same as that of the standard M49C Ring Mounts described on Plate 116- 1566 with the exception that 360 ° traverse could not be obtained. T28 SUPER HEAVY TANK REFERENCES: OCM 26898 OCM 27219, renamed T95 Gun Motor Carriage OCM's 30758, 30855, name changed back to T28 OCM 32915 - termination USED: 105mm Gun
DA 2949 ( 1946)
T28 Super Heavy Tank (1943) NOVILLE Plate No.- 116-1567
584
d
EXPERIMENTAL RING MOUNT CONVERSIONS FOR GROUND USE Used with M2 Cal. .50 heavy barrel Browning Machine Guns.
Single Cal. . 50 MG on M49 Ring Mount with fixed tripod legs. Report APG 5676/3 6 concluded that this arrangement was unsatis factory due to excessive dispersion.
...
T106, Third Pilot Ring Mount on Legs - APG 96259 (1943) The assembly above included a single cal. . 50 MG in the T106 Ring Mount, later standardized as the M66, with the D80030 cradle and pintle assembly, and four sets of adjustable bipod legs. The ring assembly included extra ammo box holders on each side of the gunner's back rest and seat.
The assembly shown at the left was improvised in Tunisia and included the M49 ring from the M32 Truck Ring Mount. A recoil mechanism from parts of a 3 7mm anti-tankgunwas usedwith thetwo cal. .50 MG's. Gun sights, counterbalance springs, and holders for M5 ammo chests were made up from strap iron and foreign parts. Both guns were fired by a single trigger mechanism attached to the cradle. APG 88209 (1943) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1520
585
M49AlC RING MOUNT Caliber .30 or . 50
.· ~- Jj. - ·
I
.. APG Photo A6603 (1944) From APG Report 5676/ 29. This development in the M49 series of Ring Mounts used the same components as the M49C Ring Mount shown on Plate 116-1566. It differed from the M49C Mount in that it included a skate - type backrest, 7340019 or 7340018, a deflector shield, 7323018, and a different carriage assembly, 7323014, with stabilizer. Additional components were the same as those used with the M49Al Ring Mount. A disassembled view of these components in a period of this development can be seen on the M49A1 Mount shown on Plate 116-1565. These components, used with the M49C Ring, as the M49AlC Mount, were installed on an M4 Medium Trac tor as shown in the plate on this page. The operation of this mount was essentially the same as that of the M49C Ring Mount. The APG Project 5676 covered in part the development of the M49 series of Ring Mounts. M 49 A1 C MOUNT USED IN: Truck Ring Mounts: M56, M57, M58, M60, and M61. M49A1C MOUNT USED ON: M4 Series 18 - ton tractors, TM 9 - 785 (1942); M5 Series 13 - ton H. S. tractors; M32 Series Tank Recovery Vehicles, TM 9-224. M49A1C MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD Part No. 7072288; ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 (1951); ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. l (1952); SNL A-55, Sec. 19.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1569
586
M49Al RING MOUNT Caliber . 3 0 or . 50
APG Photo A9880 from APG Report 5676/29. The M49Al Ring Mount was a modification of the M49 Ring Mount shown on Plate 116- 1186 and used the same components except for the carriage assembly. The mount was modified to include the skate - type backrest, 7340019 or 7340018; a car riage assembly, 7323014, with connecting stabilizer, and a deflector shield 7323018. The photograph at the top of the page shows a disassembled view of these modifications in an early period of their development, while the photograph below illus trates the assembled mount on the M36 truck mount. These additional components were also part of the M49A1C Ring Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1569. The operation of this mount was essentially the same as that of the M49 Ring Mount described on Plate 116- 1156. This mount could be used in place of the M49 and was specifically developed to improve the anti -aircraft tracking characteristics of the M49. M49A1 MOUNT USED IN: Truck Ring Mounts; M56, M57, M58, M60, and M61. M49A1 MOUNT USED ON: M2A1 Half- track car M3A1 Half- track car M20 Utility Armored Car M26 12- ton tractor M26A1 12-ton tractor M25 40-ton truck trailer
M49A1 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD Part No. 7323017. ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 50(1951). ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 {1952). SNL A-55, Sec. 19. APG Photo From APG Report 5676/29.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1565
587
M32 TRUCK RING MOUNT
M
A - POST - B1951 I 2 B - WASHER- 11 5553 C- NUT - 218196 0 - POST, ASS'Y - C90778 E- PLATE - C90775 F- TRAY, ASS'Y - 054 134 G - PLATE - Bl 46263 H - PLATE - Bl 46268 J - SUPPORT - C90773
B
K - NUT - 21857 1 L - WASHER-115551 M - 8RACKET - Bl95113 N -TRACK, ASS'Y - C90771 P - SCREW - 216031 Q - BODY - C90770 R - SUPPORT- A263087 S- SCREW -A176191 T - SUPPORT - C90774 U - PLATE- B1 46267 V - SPACER - B 146265 W - PLATE- B146264 X - POST, ASS'Y - C90779 Y - POCKET, ASS'Y- B227639 Z - GUSSET - C90819 AA - PLATE - A230463 DB - SCREW - 2 15917 CC - BRACKET - C90817 DO - WASHER - 106267 EE - PLATF - A 230462 FF - PLATE- C90776 GG - SUPPORT, ASS'Y- CI06448 HH - SPACER- B146266 JJ - SHIM - A176188 KK - SHIM - AI76 189 LL - GUSSET- C90818 MM - POCKET, ASS'Y- B227638 NN - BRACKET - CI06397 PP - SCREW - 2 15918 QQ - HOOK RR - TRAY, ASS'Y - 054 144
A RA PD 59418
Track Support Group for Truck Mount, M32 M32 MOUNT REF: OCM's 20100, 17600, 17720, 17761, 18562, 24052, 24263; ORD Part No. 6540725; ORD 7 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1950); TM 9-224 (1943); TM 92205 (1952). ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. l (1952); ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1944); ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1950). This ring mount was the first standardized truck ring mount to provide a 3 60 o gun platform for anti -aircraft fire fro m trucks. The final development of this mount utilized the M49 Ring Mount of Plate ll6 - ll86. The ring mount was supported above the vehicle cab over the assistant driver's seat by two cantilever channels attached to ver tical posts originating at the forward bulkhead of the cargo compartment. The assistant driver stood on the seat to operate the weapon. The mount as finally developed was approved for installation on the two and one - half ton truck, 6x 6, LWB, Cargo, closed cab (GMC). The development of this mount is related on Plate 116- 1582. APG A25813 (1945). 2 - 1/2 Ton 6 x 6 LWB Truck. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1573
588
M36, M36Al, & M36A2 TRUCK MOUNTS·,_ The M3 6 Mount was composed of a ring mount of the M49 series supported over the assistant driver's seat by three tubular legs and support brackets. The original design used cast track support brackets bolted to posts. An alternate construction had brackets welded to the posts. The M36A1 Mount was the same as the M36 mount except that a new mounting ring bracket replaced ORD Part No. C7109239. REFERENCE: APG Report TT2 - 7252/1 (1953 ). USED ON: M34, 2-1/2 ton, 6x 6, Cargo Truck; all 2- 1/2 ton Reo Trucks; M44, 2- 1/2 ton, 6 x 6, Truck Chassis. RA PO 708 10
M36 Truck Ring Mount. The M36A2 Mount was also the same as the M36 except for two new mounting ring brackets for mounting .30 and. 50 caliber machine guns on all M series 2-1/2 ton, 6 x 6, GMC, Cargo Trucks. REFERENCE: APG TT2-725E, Report No. 1 {1953). M3 6 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D81908; OCM's 24052, 18562, 24263; ORD Part No. 6554418; TM 9- 2205 (1952); TM 9-224 (1943), C1 1945; ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 19 (19 44); ORD 8 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952); ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1950); ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 19 (1950); Reports:APG 5676/38 (1945); APG OCO P. T. T-24518/2 (195 1); DAre port No. 1008 (1931) (R5155).
M36 MOUNT USED ON:
DA 417 (1951) M36 Mount on M34 2-1/2 Ton 6 x 6 Reo Truck.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1574
Truck, 2- 1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, LWB, Cargo, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2-1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, SWB, Cargo, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2-1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, Amphibian (GMC), DUKW 353 Truck, 2-1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, 700 Gal. Water Tank, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Dump, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2- 1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, 750 Gal. Gasoline Tank, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2-1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, Cargo, 17-foot Body, open cab (GMC) Truck, 2-1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Bomb Service, M27 and M27B1, open cab Truck, 4 Ton, 6 x 6, Cargo, SWB, and LWB, open cab (Diamond T) Truck, 4 Ton, 6 x 6, Wrecker, open cab (Diamond T) Truck-Tractor, 4-5Ton, 4 x 4, open cab (Federal) Truck-Tractor, 4-5 Ton, 4 x 4, open cab (Autocar) Truck-Tractor, 5- 6 Ton, 4 x 4, open cab (Autocar) Truck- Tractor, 5 Ton, 4 x 2, SWB, Heavy Duty, open ca b(lnte rna tional) Truck- Tractor, 5 Ton, 4 x 2, SWB, Light Duty, open cab (International) Truck, 6 Ton, 6 x 6, Prime Mover, open cab (White) Truck, 7- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Prime Move r, open cab (Ma ck) Truck, 10 Ton, 6 x 4, G. S. L. C. Diesel, open cab (Mack) Truck, Heavy Wrecking, M1A1, open cab (Ward- LaFrance) Truck, 12 Ton, 6 x 4, M20, open cab (Diamond T) Truck, 2- 1/ 2 Ton, 6 x 6, C. 0. E. with open cab (GMC) Truck, 6 Ton, 6 x 6, Prime Mover with open cab (Corbitt)
589
M37, M37Al, M37A2, & M37A3 TRUCK MOUNTS
This series of truck mounts, designed for use on closed cab trucks, utilized the M49 Ring Mount series as a major compo nent. TheM37, M37A1, M37A2 (notshown) and the M37 A3 (not shown) differed only in the bracket and attachment fittings used for the ring supports. ~_37
Truck Mount Installation.
RA PO 115535
M37 A1 Truck Mount.
M37 Truck Mount.
MUTUAL MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1944); ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1950); ORD 7 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (1950); chg. 1 (1950); ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952). OCM's 24052, 24263, 20100. M37 MOUNT REFERENCES: TM 9- 224 (1943), OCM 18562; Dwg. No. D41375; ORD Part No. 6541375. M37 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, 2- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Cargo with Steel bodies (GMC) SWB. M37A1 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D54449A; ORD Part No. 6554449. M37A1 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, 2- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Cargo with wood bodies (GMC) SWB. M37 A2 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D54451A; ORD Part No. 6554451. M37A2 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, 2-1/2 Ton, 6x6, LWB, Cargo with wood bodies. M37 A3 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D7100867; ORD Part No. 7100807; OCM 21719. M37A3 MOUNT USED ON: 2-1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, 700 gal. water tank, camouflaged top. 2-1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, 750 gal. gasoline tank, camouflaged top. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1575
590
M50, M50 MODIFIED, AND M56 TRUCK MOUNTS The M50 Truck Mount was used on open cab trucks and utilized the M49 series of Ring Mounts. M50 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM's 24052, 24263; Dwg. No. D54556; TM &- 224 (19 43 ); ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952); ORD 7 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 {1950), chg. 1 (1950); ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (19 50); ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 19 (19 44) (1944); APG Report 5676/ 5 (1943); AP G Repor t 5676/6 (1943); DA 1124, 161, 162. M50 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, 1- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, Cargo (Chrysler) Truck, 1- 1/2 Ton, 6 x 6, personnel and cargo (Dodge) Truck, 1- 1/2 Ton, 6x 6 (Fargo) Experimental M50 Mount
u. ,.,
lU-tl
M50 Truck Mount. The M50 Mod. Mount fea tured telescoping supports. M50 MOD. MOUNT REF: DA 1559, DA 187, DA 164 M50 MOD. MOUNT USEDON: 2- 1/ 2 ton, 6 x 6, SWB, truck. M50 Truck Mount, Mod. DA 1616. M56 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 (1950) ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 (19 51) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 50 (19 50) ORO 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952) ORD Part No. 7070367; OCM's 22212, 24052, 24263; Dwg: Trackson G220, G220-1. M56 MOUNT USED ON:(Diamond T) Truck 4 ton, 6x 6: Cargo, SWB; Cargo, LWB; Wrecker SWB. Truck, Tractor, 4- 5 ton, 4 x 4.
RA PD 130111
Above: M56 Truck Mount. Right: M56 Mount on 4-Ton 6 x 6 Truck. The M56 Truck Mount, used on closed cab trucks, consisted of a supporting group and an M49 Ring Mount. It was similar to those mounts shown on Plates 116-1578 and 116-1581. Two reserve ammunition trays, 7106063, were used for re -supply. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1576
591
M57, M58, & M59 TRUCK MOUNTS The M57, M58, and M59 Mounts were similar in construction and were used on closed cab trucks. Their principal component was the M49 Ring Mount listed on Plate 116-1186. Attached to all these mounts were two reserve ammunition trays, 7106063.
M57 Mount.
MUTUAL REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50 ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) OCM's 22212, 24052, 24263
RAPD 95411
M57 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 51 (1950) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 51 (1950) ORD Part No. 70703 72 Dwg: Trackson G- 430, G- 430-1, G-430-2 M57 MOUNT USED ON: Truck-tractor, 4-5 ton, 4 x 4 Truck-tractor, 5-6 ton, 4 x 4 Truck, Prime Mover, 6- ton, 6 x 6 (White) Truck, gasoline tank, 6- ton, 6 x 6, 2000 gal. (White) Truck, gasoline tank, 6-ton, 6 x 6, 2500 gal. (White) M57 Mount.
RAPD 130116 M58 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 52 (1950) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 52 (1950) ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 52, chg. 1 (1951) ORD Part No. 70703 68 Dwg~ Trackson G-401, G- 401 - 1, G-402-2 M58 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, Prime Mover, 6- ton, 6 x 6 (White) Truck, gasoline tank, 6- ton, 6 x 6, 2000 gal. (White) Truck, gasoline tank, 6-ton, 6 x 6, 2500 gal. (White) Prime Mover (Corbet)
M58 Mount
M59 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 53 (1950) Dwg: Trackson G-370, G- 370 - 1, G-370-2 ORD Part No. 7070369 M59 MOUNT USED ON: Truck, 6 - ton, 10 x 6, Bridge Erecting (Brockway)
ItA
ro IJOtltt
M59 Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1578
592
M60 AND M61 TRUCK MOUNTS
RA PO 115552
M60 Truck Mount
M60 Truck Mount Installed
The M60 and M61 Mounts used on closed cab trucks had as their principal components the M49 Ring Mount series listed on Plate 116- 1186. Attached to these mounts were two reserve ammunition trays, 7106063. M60 MOUNT USED ON: Truck-tractor, 4 - 5 ton, 4 x 4, Federal Truck, cargo, SWB, 6 x 6, 4-ton Truck, cargo, LWB, 6 x 6, 4- ton Truck, wrecker, 4- ton, 6 x 6 M60 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD Part No. 7070370; Dwg's Trackson G-330, G-330 -1; ORD 7 SNL A- 55, Sec. 54 (1950); ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 54 (1950); ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50; ORD 3 SNL A- 1 Sec. 1 (1952). M61 MOUNT USED ON: Truck-tractor, 4 - 5 ton, 4 x 4 (Autocar) Truck-tractor, 5 - 6 ton, 4 x 4 (Autocar) Truck, Prime Mover, 6-ton, 6 x 6. M60 MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD Part No. 7070371; Dwg's Trackson G-278, G-278-1; ORD 7 SNL A-55, Sec. 55 (1950); ORD 9 SNL A-55, Sec. 50; ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1, (1952). RA PO 115553
M61 Tru-ck Mount. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1581
593
DIVISION G CONCENTRIC RING MOUNTS Contents Section 1- - - - - Scarff Mounts Section 2 Single Weapon Concentric Ring Mounts Discussion The moJunts illustrated in this division consist of one- man manua lly oper ated, 360 ° traverse ring mounts. These consist of a fixed ring fastened dir ectly or indirectly to the vehicle structure and a rotatable ring, supported by ball or roller bearings, carrying a mechanism for supporting the armament. All of these concentric ring mounts required exposure of the gunner during firing.
Some were protected from the environment by hatch covers, but these
had to be opened or removed before the gun could be put into action. The basic component of the concentric ring mount is the bearing and race assembly which gives the ability to rapidly and easily traverse. Both ball and roller bearings have been used in experimental mounts, with rollers predominating in the U.S. production mounts.
Steel and aluminum rings and bearing races
have both been investigated and found acceptable, however, only steel rings have been used in production mounts. The concentric ring mounts have been divided into two sections, with the first section being specifically Scarff type mounts. The second section contains two types of concentric ring mount installations including those which are not attached directly to the hull structure but are supported on legs or brackets and
595
those mounts directly attached to the vehicular structure. The earliest flexible machine gun mount of the concentric ring type was the "Scarff 11 mount which was developed for aircraft use early in World War I. This was a concentric ring mount in which coarse elevation was accomplished by means of an equilibrated yoke pivoting on the rotating ring and supported by a quadrant with the fine adjustment of elevation accomplished by means of the pivoted gun cradle. The later concentric ring mounts dispensed with the yoke and mounted the machine gun directly on a socket fixed to the rotating ring. Here the gunner traversed the weapon by movement of his body against the padded back rest or arm support. However, the elevation was limited by the need for the block of the machine gun to pivot down into the inner ring space at high angles of elevation. Various linkages and mechanisms were developed to compensate for this condition. Two general tracking principles involved in these mounts are: a. Co-ordinate tracking. Co-ordinate trackers follow targets by independent horizontal and vertical movements. Thus, tracking with these mounts appears as "step 11 functions. b. Slant-plane tracking. Slant-plane trackers p 1ace the gun pintle at right angles to the gun target plane and thus permit tracking the target as func tions of course and speed. On late combat vehicles the continuously increasing emphasis on anti- aircraft and anti-personnel protection set the stage for fitting gun mounts to the tank commander's cupola. Since the cupola was fully rotatable and moved on bearings, this assembly was still a concentric ring mount. It had a drawback in that the
596
operator exposed himself to retaliatory fire while operating the gun. This exposure problem was severe and the Korean experience pointed out the need for more protection which led to further development for fully enclos ing the machine gun and protecting the operator. The early, completely enclos ed cupola mounts of the type used in the U.S. M3 Medium Tank lacked sufficient elevation to meet these new requirements and subsequently a new series of mounts of the type shown in Division H, Section 4, were obtained. Compared to skate mount and circular ring installations, the excellent r igidity and traversing ability of the concentric ring mounts made them more suitable for mounting and firing twin caliber .50 machine guns . The cycle of development for such twin cradles is detailed in Division B, Section II.
--
597
SECTION 1
DIVISION G SCARFF MOUNTS
Scarff mounts were invented by F . W. Scarff for use as flexible machine gun mounts on British combat aircraft of World War I. They have been given a specific section of their own among the concentric ring mounts because of the unique features which have kept this basic design in use throughout the world for over forty years. The Scarff mount was of the conventional concentr ic r ing design, but was special in that it used a shock- cord equilibrated yoke, pivoting on the rotating inner ring and supported by a quadrant to provide for coarse elevation adjustment and raise the machine gun. The yoke action, in elevation, about its point of pivot, resulted in moving the machine gun in an arc so that the gun block need never intrude into the gunner's operating area. In addition, the yoke increases the allowable depression angle of the gun. The continuous development undertaken to improve the Scarff mount has only resulted in technological improvement, different methods of yoke equilibration and improved detail in the ring bearings. The U.S. M41 Mount of World War II, Plate 116-1461, is practically the same design as the original Scarff of World War I. The D series of aircraft mounts used compression springs for equilibration while the German design of that same period used spiral springs. Many variations of the Scarff mount have been attempted. Some variations were attempts to improve the basic design and other variations were arrived at independently.
The 20mm gun mount shown in Plate 116-1777, the Soviet
599
anti-aircraft cupola mount, Plates 116-1172 and 116-1187, and the German cupola mount, Plate 116-1553, are all variations of the Scarff concept except that the yoke pivot points were moved forward. The skate mount cupola installations shown in Division H, Section 2, were also intended to supply the same flexibility. The primary drawback to the Scarff mount lies in its inability to satisfactorily carry armor protection. Attempts to provide such protection have limited its speed of maneuverability or range of motion. The mounts in this section all employ slant-plane tracking principles.
600
SCARFF MOUNTS AND M1922 A/C CAL . . 30 BMG
These early aircraft mounts were tested with two left hand feeding arrangements and one right hand feeding arrange ment. The assembly at the left used straight pintle, and the two assemblies below used the same sloped back pintle.
L. H. Feed.
SA.
X225
~ L. H. Feed
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1454
SA.
Xl7l-2
R. H. Feed.
601
SA. Xl71-l
SCARFF MOUNT, TWIN LEWIS MACHINE GUN
This World War I Scarff twin gun mount is on dis play at the Smithsonian Institute. The elastic cord used in this assembly has deteriorated and does not appear in these museum views.
REFERENCES : Patents 1,364,525. 4 Jan. 1921 1,628,068. 10 May 1927 Both these patents were assigned to Vickers Ltd. by Frederick William Scarff.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1452
602
SCARFF MOUNT WITH '!WIN LEWIS GUNS, AIR CORPS TYPE D- 7
The WW I installation shown to the left was an Air Corps version (Type D-7) of the Scarff Mount, with a spring counterbalance replacing the original elastic cords. An automatic wind compensator was included in this design.
SA - X362
The Twin Lewis Cal . . 30 Machine Guns shown above were used in the D-7 Mount.
Detail of Twin Grip Components. SA - X361 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1474
603
SCARFF MOUNT WITH ADAPTOR C-4
APG. 25598 (1929) Scarff mount with Browning cal. .30 aircraft machine gun T2 andcradleandpintle adapter C4, arranged for L. H. Feed.
APG. 25599 Scarff mount with gun and adapter as above, arranged for R. H. Feed. Scarff mount with a Browning caliber .30 machine gun installed on a Curtiss A-3B airplane.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1455
604
SCARFF MOUNT, TYPE D-6
RIA 644- 38234 (1930) D- 6 Ring Mount with Browning Aircraft Machine Gun, Model 1918, M1, Cal. .30
This concentric ring mount was derived from the Scarff mounts shown on Plate 116- 1452. The main difference is the use of mechanical springs in place of elastic cords for counter-balancing. Other improvements include the manual traversedrive and lock mechanism.
Detail of D-6 Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1456
605
RIA 644-38233 (1930)
SCARFF MOUNTS, ROLLS ROYCE ARMORED CARS, BRITISH In 1940 some of the old Rolls Royce Armored Cars were modified to include a single Lewis Model 1917 caliber .30 MG in a Scarff mount and a Vickers MG in the turret, as shown to the right.
In the early thirties some Rolls Royce Armored Cars were fitted with Vickers Berthier Aircraft Machine Guns Mk 1, Cal. .303, in a Scarff mount as shown above. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1458
606
SCARFF MOUNT, HALF TRACK ARMORED CAR, GERMAN
-!45
/ w· 'r•::a\t
A modified Scar ff mount, armed with an MG 34, was used on the cupola of this experimental German halftrack built prior to Wo r ld War n. The elastic cord equilibration of the original Scarff design was replaced by spring loaded main pivots (234). Elevation of the yoke (192) was contr olled by the hand lever (200) acting on the quadrant (235). The 360 o rotating turret of this vehicle was also a r med with an anti- tank gun and a ball mounted MG 34, each individually controlled in elevation.
6156
28 .9 36
APG Museum NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1459
607
M41 RING MOUNT, SCARFF TYP E MOUNT Caliber .30
The M41 Ring Mount with a Browning M1919A4 Flexible Caliber .30 machine gun was used in World War II. It was based on the World War I Scarff mount used on aircraft with Lewis Machine Guns, as shown on Plate 116- 1452. Typical U.S. P ost World War I experimentation with the Scarff mounts is shown on Plates 116- 1454, 55, 56, and 57. British examples are shown on Plate 116- 1458, and a German version is shown on 116- 1459. In view of all this development, it is notable to observe the close resemblance between the M41 and the original Scarff mount . Components of the M41 Ring Mount are detailed on Plate No. 116-1462 and the cradle and pintle assembly used in this mount is detailed on Plate 116-1463. This manually operated mount was used for ground and air targets. It was installed on both Army and Navy equipment (Mark 20 Gun Mount). The M41 Ring Mount was capable of 85 o elevation, 20 o depression, and 360 o traverse. In the version shown at the right it weighed approximately 60 pounds. RA PO 7260 5 Additional data on the M41 Mount is given on Plate No. 116- 1464. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1461
608
M41 RING MOUNT, SCARFF TYPE, COMPONENTS TUBE- CI453•1J
TUBE, ASS'Y- D13922
RA PO 79891
P intle Socket Components
RAPD 79891
-
' BODY, ASS'Y - B28•1566
- A336483
RA PO 79893
RAPD 7989-3 Fork and Bracket Components
PLATE AH6498
Quadrant and Bracket Components
RAPD 79892
/RING - D13946_ NUT - BBAXIC WA SHER - BEBX2C
~SPINDLE /A336511
ROLLER A336507
~,_ '
Concentric Ring Components
RAPD 79896
WASHIR BECXIC
SPRI~C.
Al36512
1\iUT 6BBXI/\
RAPD 79895 R. H. Bracket Components
The M41 Ring Mount is shown assembled on Plate 116- 1461, and the cradle and pintle assembly used in this mount is detailed on Plate 116- 1463.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1462
609
M41 (NAVY Mk 20) RING MOUNT, AND Mk 21 RING MOUNT INSTALLATIONS Caliber .30 An M41 Ring Mount and an M40 Bracket Mount are visible on the LCVP shown at the top of the view to the right. A pair of Navy Mark 21 Ring Mounts were used on the LCVP visible in the foreground. The Browning M1914A4 cal. .30 flexible machine gun was used in all of these mounts. The M41 Scarff mount shown on Plate 116-1461 was used on both Army and Navy installations. It was used on landing craft, such as the LCV (A) (1) and on ground mounts for anti air craft use. The Navy desig nations for this mount were Mark 20, Mod. 0 and Mark 20 Mod. 1. Bougainville Landing U.S. Coast Guard M41 REFERENCES: TM 9- 230 (1943) MG Mounts for boats. TM 9- 2000 (1949). SNL A-55, Sec. 27. OCM 19334, 19468, 33326. Dwg. 1-125. Mark 20 REFERENCE: Bu Ord Dwg. 374872. The Mark 21 was also a concentric ring mount developed from the original Scarff mount. It is shown installed on a 1/ 4 ton truck on Plate 116-1250. This Navy de sign was very different from the original Scarff design, as it omitted the elastic cords, and had an entirely new cradle and pintle arrangement, so that the many references found stating that the Mark 21 was the Navy version of the M41 Ring Mount or the Scarff Mount are not correct. The Mark 21 was made in the following modifications, with references: Mark 21, Mod. 0: Detailed on Plate 116- 1252. Shielded, with Ml Box 4044070, Carriage Mark 16 Mod. 0, Cradle Mark 3 Mod. 0, Dwg. 388857, OP 1088. Used on LCVP'S. Mark 21, Mod. 1: Same as Mod. 0 except for provisions for shield Mark 2 Mod. 0. Used on LC'S and LVT'S. Mark 21, Mod. 2: Improved pintle socket. Mark 21, Mod. 3: With carriage Mark 16 Mod. 3 and Cradle Mark 3 Mod. 1. Mark 21, Mod. 4: Improved clamps and brackets. Dwg. 561780, SK 165349. A financial history is given on M41, Mark20 andMark21 mounts, in the IDSTORY OF MOUNTS written by N.Y. Ord. Dist., 22 May 1945.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1464
610
DIVISION G
SECTION 2
SINGLE WEAPON CONCENTRIC RING MOUNTS This section includes single weapon concentric ring mounts in installations of two types. The first type of installation includes those indirectly attached to the vehicular structure by means of legs or brackets, leaving the gunner unprotected. · The second type includes those in which the fixed ring is attached directly to the vehicular hull structure, providing a firmer support and giving partial protection for the gunner. These concentric ring mounts required exposure of the gunner during firing and servicing of the weapons. Occasionally hatch covers were used as shown on Plate 116-1522. The hatch cover had to be opened to provide access to the guns. No vision equipment was used with these covers. For purposes of division within this book, the addition of vision equipment to the door or ring portion of a hull mounted concentric ring mount would classify that mount as a cupola mount, such as shown in the following division. Multiple weapon cradles used on concentric ring mounts are shown in Division B, Sections 3 and 4.
611
BECKER & SEMAG 20 MM AIRCRAFT MOUNTS
-GERMAN
APG 34026 ( 1935) This aircraft mount consisted of a single pint 1 e in which a Becker 20 mm Automatic Air craft Cannon, Model 1918, was flexibly mounted. France experimented with this mechanism after WWI and concluded that w hi 1 e satisfactory for air combat it c o u 1d not be used against tanks or heavily armored units. REF : The Machine Gun by George M. Chinn, Vol. 1.
Semag Aircraft 20mm Cannon Ring Mount, was manufactured by the Germans in Switzerland after the 1st World War. (c. 1921 ).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1644
612
PARABELLUM M.G. MODEL 1913 (MA XIM ) ON AIRCRAFT RING MOUNT - GERMAN WWI This 7. 9 2 MM Aircraft M.G. is mounted on a ring mount with an extendible pintle.
The ring mount is shown below with pintle extended for firing over obstruction .
.NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1775
613
COMPENSATING RING MOUNTS FOR GERMAN AIRCRAFT, 20MM The Becker-Oerlikon Model of 1920 - 22 or 1923 20mm aircraft gun was used in this assembly.
The original Oerlikon (Circa 1930) 20mm gun was used in this assembly.
The two Ring Mounts shown above were the same except for the use of different guns.
The Becker Model 19181920 20mm gun was used in the mount shown to the right. Both mounts on this Plate were concentric rings, with the gun pintle being supported at the end of a pair of pivoted arms. Each mount had an equilibrating mechanism to compensate for the variable gun position.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1777
Jarret (1918 - 1925) Photos 614
CALIBER. 50 RING MOUNT
This shielded ring mount was designed for use on the T87 105mm Amphibian, H. M.G. , referenced on Plate 116- 1631.
DA 2517 (1944) Right Front View
DA 2520 Top View
Mount Ref. DA 2518 DA 2515 ' '
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1632
615
DA 2519 (1944) High gun elevation.
MARK 21 NAVY CALIBER .3 0 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT
OP 1088
Additional data on the Mark 21 Navy series is given on Plate 116- 1464 and the installation of the MK 21 on 1/4 ton truck is shown on Plate 116- 1250. 0. 30 Inch Mount, Mark 21 Cal. .30 BAM Gun 1919-A4 Right Side View
CRADLE ASSEMBLY
TRUNNION
BOLT
CRADLE SHIELD
GUN MOUNTING PIN
RING ASSEMBLY
BACK REST
BRAKE ASSEMBLY
~---1-------t----l----+ 33:'25 DIA. - - - -------"~
MK 21 - Elevation NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1252
616
OP 1088
MARK 21 NAVY CONCENTRIC RING
MOUNT FOR 1/4 TON TRUCK
APG 95661 (1943) A trial installation of the Navy Mark 21, cal. .3 0 Ring Mount with shield removed was made on a 1/4 ton truck in lieu of the M48 dash mount. Tests of this installation were reported on in APG Report 5676/.W (19 44). For these tests the assistant driver's seat was removed from the vehicle and a seat provided for the gunner within the ring. It was reported that the installation furnished 360 o traverse with the top removed, that traverse was rapid and easy, and the field of fire was greatly increased. The tests indicated that a ring mount could be provided for the 1/4 ton tr uck if later re quirements made that installation desirable. The Mark 21 was not suitable for the cal. . 50 machine gun. The Mark 21 is shown on Plate 116- 1252 and additional data is given on Plate No. 116-1464.
APG 95660 (1943) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1250
617
6560258 (D60258) & D94478 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNTS RAPD 67412
CAL 50 GUN
These three concentric ring mounts were all similar in design with only little or minor variation in details. The difference between mounts D60258 and D94428 was in the supporting bearing fixed ring only.
A torsion spring was provided to aid in returning the support to its normal position. In addition, a latch assembly was used to lock the cradle to the support for travel. The concentric ring assembly consisted of an outer ring and a two- piece inner ring moving on ball bearings. Vehicle installations are shown on P late 116- 1515. REFERENCES: TM 9-732B; ORD 8 SNL A-55, Sec. 29 (1944) (1950); ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) (1954)
NUT - \ BBFXZ~ CRADLE, ASS'Y -
c
PIN, ASS'Y ·
~~-' 82210411
".:;:~~;~ HOUSING- A312141 --1( , ,t._.SPRING • /\3121 43
~TCH-A~12140 SUPPORT, ASS'Y • 0 59878
RA PD 39717
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1469
618
6560258 (060 258) ' & 094478 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNTS, INSTALLATIONS 13 o Depression 85 o Elevation 360° Traverse 060258 Mount on Turret of LVT (A) (4) RAPO 39725
The Mount 060258 was used on the M8 75mm Howitzer Motor Carriage and the M18 76 mm Gun Motor Carriage, while the Mount D94428 was used on the T71 and T71El 90mm Gun Motor Carriages as well as some of the M18 76mm Gun Motor Carriages. Mount 6560258 was a later version of the 060258 and was used on the M39 ( T41) Armored Utility Vehicle, the M7Bl 105mm Howitzer Motor Carriage, as well as the armored amphibious vehicle LVT (A)(4). REFERENCE: LVT (A)(4) TM 9- 775 (1951).
RIA 1004-43318: Installation, 6560258 on M7B1 Howitzer Motor Carriage
HINGED ENGINE ROOM HATCH
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1515
RA PD 341192H
Concentric Ring Mount on LVT (A) (4), Top View. 619
M66 (T106) CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT
REFERENCES: OCM 24570, 24776 ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 44 (195 1) ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. 1 (1952) P/N 7012810 USED ON: M4 Series - 18 ton tractor s M6 - 38 ton H. S. tractors M32 series - Tank Recovery Vehicles M20 - Armored Utility Car RAPD 133175 The M66 Concentric Ring Mount was the standardized version -of the Tl06 roller bearing mount, but incorporated a modified back rest. A ball bearing version, the T106E1 was never standardized. The M66 was intended to replace the M49 series of ring mounts on future vehicle production. The mount consisted of two major assemblies, the 7046650 cradle and pintle assembly (Plate 116-1516), and the 7012727 Ring Assembly with 7012796 back rest and cushion. As shown in the photographs below, Cradle and Pintle Assemblies 6580030 (080030) and El0014 adapted to incorporate the 090078 ammunition tray were als o tried out with this mount. M66 components are shown on Plate 116-1253. In comparison tests with M49 mounts, Aberdeen Proving Ground, in Reports 5676/27, - /28, and -/31, noted that the M66 (T106) mount was ballistically and functionally superior to other skate and ring mounts (M49). The report also noted an investigation being conducted, at that time, on an aluminum variation of this ring mount, evidently the T108, which yielded a weight saving of 150 pounds. The Armored Board, in Report on Project 632, also recommended use of the M66 over the M49 mount. The characteristics of this mount made it possible to carry twin caliber . 50 machine guns. Thus, a series of developmental twin gun cradles were fabricated and tested for use with the M66. This twin gun cradle development is detailed on Plates 116- 1511, - 1512, -1514, - 1517. and -1518.
DA 8575 - M66 Ring on Car M20 With Pintle Assembly of M49 Mount. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1513
DA 8579 - M66 Ring on Car M20 With Pintle Assembly of M35 Mount. 620
...
M66 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT, COMPONENTS
The Cradle and Pintle Assembly, 7046650, a major component of this mount, is shown on Plate 116- 1516. The assembled mount is shown on Plate 116-1513. An aluminum light weight version of this mount, designated the T108, is shown on Plate 116- 1523.
RING, ASSY · 70l2727
M
1.\ PO 133177
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1253
621
A - RING ASSY - 7012725 B - SEAL - 7012805 C - SCREW - 132908 D- WASHER - 115545 E - RING - 7012701 F - SEAL - 7012806 G - RING ASSY - 7070704 H - SEAL - 7012811 J - WASHER - 115544 K - SCREW - 132764 L - RING - 7012726 M - RING - 7012737 N - ROLLER - 7012742 P - SEGMENT - 7012740 Q - CLAMP - 7012762 R - CAP - 7012747 S - CHAIN - 42-C- 15120-205 T - WASHER - 7012732 U - SPRING - 7012733 V - HANDLE - 7012731 W - HANDLE - 7012730 X - PIN - 108629 Y - BOLT - 7012804 Z - PIN - 103373 AA - ADAPTER - 7012728 BB - BOLT ASSY - 7012789 CC - SCREW - 138226 DD - HOOK - 506880
GUN MOUNTS ON T16 (M44) ARMORED UTILITY VEIUCLES The T16 (M44) Armored Utility Vehicle of 1947 included as part of its armament the T107 Concentric Ring Mount which was later developed into the M68 Concentric Ring Mount shown on Plate 116- 1519. The T107was a 36inch diameter rollerbearing mount patterned after the 42" T106 Concentric Ring Mount. Eighty rollers were included in the raceway with every fifth roller arranged to oppose upward thrust and the remainder acting against the downward thrust forces. In order to conserve gunner's space with the smaller ring diameter, the pintle socket was positioned over the bearing ring rather than within the ring as in the T106. The mount was tested by Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Report 5676/35 concluded that the mount was structurally and ballistically satisfactory for use on automotive equipment as well as the T16 (M44) AIV and the M7 105mm Howitzer. The T107 installation shown on Plate 116- 1522 was equipped with an equilibrated door that covered the ring and acted as a light armored protective enclosure. A crossbar forward of the mount acted as a depression stop to prevent inadvertent firing into the hull and also included a gun barrel travel clip. Located on the roof of the T16 (M44) were four caliber .30 machine gun support brackets. Two 7038299 left hand and two 7038300 right hand socket assemblies were located, one each, at the top corners of the side door frames. A single caliber .30 machine gun was carried for use in any of these four positions. A ball mounted caliber .30 machine gun was used in the right hand front hull, as detailed on Plate 116- 1376. T107 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 27342 T16 ARMORED UTILITY VEHICLE REFERENCES: OCM 27033, 27227, 27295, 27538, N. 0. M. (1947). Dwg. 31- 344 M44 ARMORED UTILITY VEHICLE REFERENCES: N. 0. M. (1947) OCM 29529, 29764, 32278, 34492. Dwg. 31-344 The T107 Concentric Ring Mount was used on the later armored utility vehicle M44El. In this installation the cover hinge was located forward of the ring insteadof to the side, as on the T16 (M44) AIV. The bracket mounts and the ball mount were not used on the M44E 1. M44E1 ARMORED UTILITY VEHICLE REFERENCES: OCM 31772, 33721. Dwg. 31-354. DA Report 485 ( 1950). The M44 AIV was used as the basis for the T1 7 Command Post Vehicle, which included internal modifications and had the top raised 10 inches. T17 COMMAND POST VEHICLE REFERENCES: OCM 30177, 30281. Term. T-991.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1522T
622
Tl07 CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT
T 16 A.u.v.
CAL •• 30 MACHINE GUN AIR OUTLET GRILLE EXHAUST STACK
CWP 250
CREW COMPARTMENT AIR INLET DRIVER'S DOOR
CWP 247
The T107 Concentric Ring Mount was used at the top rear with a caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun. Four positions, one at each corner of the side doors, were available for a caliber .3 0 Browning Machine Gun. The right hand bow installation of a ball mounted caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun is detailed on Plate 116- 1376.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1522
623
Tl08 & T108El CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT
INTENDED FOR USE ON: M4 Tractor, High Speed, 18 Ton M6 Tractor, High Speed, 36 Ton M20 Armored Utility Car
APG A27418 - T108 With Gunner in Position, Left Side View.
Ring Mounts Tl08 and Tl08El were 42" concentric ring mounts fabricated of aluminum alloy. The mounts were similar to the T106 (M66) and T106E1, having roller and ba ll bearings, respectively. They were constructed in an attempt to obtain a concentric ring mount with the desirable features and characteristics of the M66, yet light enough for tr uck and utility vehicle installations. The T108 series weighed 96 pounds against the T106 weight of 276 pounds. The mounts utilized the Pintle Assembly, D80030, modified to hold the Ammunition Tray D90078. The Pintle Assembly, D80030, is shown on Plate 116- 1240, while the Ammunition Tray, D90078, is illustr ated on Plate 116-1184. The Aberdeen Proving Ground, 1944- 1945, tested these mounts and reported in 5676/40 that they were satisfactory except for the pintle socket and brake assembly design. The raceway design and aluminum construction was satisfactory for use. The report recommended that the T108 or the Tl08El Ring Mounts not be standardized but that development be continued to obtain a mount weighing approximately 75 pounds. APG A27417 - Top View of T108 Ring Mount. •
REFERENCES: OCM 23223, 23445, T- 869 APG Report 5676/ 40.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1523
624
M68 AND M68El CONCENTRIC RING MOUNT M68 USED ON: M7, M7Bl, l05mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M37 105mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M8E2 Cargo Tractor T4 6E1 Amphibious Cargo Carrier T38 4. 2" Mortar Carrier M68 REFERENCES: OCM 27342. P7N 7028676 ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 56 (1951} ORD 3 SNL A-1, Sec. l (195 2) ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 56 M68E 1 ALSO USED ON: T46E1 Amphibious Cargo Carrier T13 2 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 29865, T - 869.
V--x
w -~..-v ·u......__z v
u
n - - - -A
•---a ----c
The M68 (Tl07) and M68El were both 3 6" diameter, concentric ring, roller bearing mounts. They utilized the 7046650, 6580030, or El0014 pintle group for mounting the M2 Caliber . 50 Machine Gun. The M68El was similar to the M68 except that it mounted a modified back rest for installation on the T46E1 Amphibious Cargo Carrier. The M68E1 mounted an M2, HB Caliber . 50 machine gun. A modification of the M68 mount, with a protecting enclosure, iss hown on Plate 116-1550. These 36" diameter mounts were specifically de veloped because of the need for a smaller, lighter mount than the 42" diameter M66 mounts, particularly for automotive equipment. The T132 Concentric Ring Mount was similar to the M68 Mount, but of aluminum construction. A- SCREW- 138222 B- W ASHER-103320 C-WASHER- 103340 D- REST-7028647 E- RING- 7028640 F-SEAL--7028672 G-RING. ASSY- 7070543 1- RING- 7028608 2- SCREW- 138226 3- RIN G- 7028603 4-NUT-503270 H- SEAL--7028673 J-RING, ASSY- 7028614 1-PIN-7012720 2- SEGMENT- 7028613 3-SEGMENT-7028612 4- SCREW-132852 5- WASHER- 106497
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1519
625
K- SEAL--7028674 L--RING- 7028620 M- W ASHER-115544 N- SCREW-132764 P - NUT- 503270 Q- ROLLER-7012742 R- SEG MENT-7028626 S- RING- 7028601 T-SCREW- 420478 U-SEAL--7028671 V- SOCKET- 7028637 W - SCREW- 138230 X-SCREW-138223 Y-SCREW-132911 Z- WASHER-115545 AA- HANDLE-7028636 BB-PIN- 103373 CC- SCREW- 132908
ANTI - AIRCRAFT RING MOUNT Caliber .50 MG
- BRITISH
This mount was designed for vehicular installation and to be quickly demounted and used from ground or buildings. The .5" or Cal. .50 MG with a simple ironsight system, was bolted to a cradle yoke, which extended back to trunnions. Elevation was by a four-bar linkage, attached to a horizontal handle bar operated by the gunner with his elbows in fixed rests . There was a right index finger trigger with a left hand squeeze safety. The trunnion f r am e had an outrigger and spring for elevation balancing. The other end of the spring was attached to the extra ammunition pannier at the rear of the ring. The trunnion was fixed to the rotating race which revolved on a ball ring in a fixed race incorporating three attachment points for the supporting structure legs.
Above: 90 o Elevation, Cal. .50 BMG
Right: View showing method of attachment to cab roof. Extra tubing framework was the gun travel lock.
This mount with a Robinson Cal. .50 gun is shown on Plate 116-1361; and used as a ground mount with a Cal. .50 BMG on Plate 116-1360. NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1359
626
ANTI - AIRCRAFT RING MOUNT Caliber .50 A A Gun
- BRIT ISH
This mount, a modification of the one shown on Plates 116- 1359 and 116- 1360, was designed to mount the Robinson S. R. Model 14 Cal. .50 "Constant Reaction" Aircraft gun. The principal changes were in the method of attaching the gun to the yoke (at the top of the gun, not at the side as in the Browning Cal . . 50 assembly) and in the omission of ammunition panniers and counter- balancing outriggers and springs.
Above: Gun on cab roof mount were Russell S.
and ring mount in place of truck. This gun and developed in England by Robinson.
The Robinson Ring Mount was de signed to be adaptable to transport vehicles, and to be quickly demounted and usedfromground orbuildings by the addition of a tubular tripod framework carried behind the truck cab.
Right: Ring mount and gun being raised to cab roof of truck. The gun weighed 33 lb and fired belted U. S . . 50 c a 1. ammunition at 700 R/M . Total weight of gun ring and support structure complete was 78 lb.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1361
627
DIVISION H CUPOLA MOUNTS Contents Section Section Section Section
1 - - - - - Cupola Mounts, Exposed Gunner
2 3 4
Cupola Installations of Skate Mounts Cupola Mounts, Exposed Weapons Cupola Mounts, Enclosed
Discussion Any small armored turret, armed or unarmed, which is located on top of the larger, rotatable main turret of a tank is presently classed as a cupola. The present tank cupolas were derived, in succession, from simple nonrotating hatch covers for access; to rotatable commander's vision cupolas; and then with the addition of weapon supports, to armed cupolas. standardized armed cupolas have been used on other vehicles not having main turrets, being installed directly onto the fixed hull structure. armed turrets.
Prior practice has been to call these
For the purposes of division within this book, the definitions of
cupola and turret have been established as follows: Those 360° rotatable mounts enclosing only the head and shoulders of not more than one man are included within cupola mounts. Those 3 60 o rotatable mounts within which one or more men are suspended and rotated are classified as turrets. The constantly increasing emphasis on the need for anti-aircraft protection has presented a severe problem in tank design.
629
Just after World War I, the
anti -aircraft armament concept was of the type exemplified by the U.S. Medium Tank Tl with a ball-mounted machine gun in the commander's cupola or that of the later British Mark II Medium Tank with its ball-mounted anti-aircraft machine gun in a bevel at the rear of the main turret. Variations of this anti-aircraft armament existed throughout the period 1920 to 1930, and in the early 1930's, the pintle socket or the short pedestal type of mount was used for both ground and anti-aircraft protection. Britain utilized Bren machine rifles suspended from the "bent" crane equilibrated holder, shown in Division E, Section 3.
Later, they utilized specific anti-aircraft mounts of
the PLM type which allowed for limited firing in the "buttoned-up" position with complete freedom for manual firing, but with the operator exposed. It was also recognized that as the duties of the tank commander increased,
his vision requirements and need to survey the general area also increased. The U.S. later followed through with cupola developments more in line with those turrets originally developed as primary armament for armored cars. The U. S. M3 Medium Tank was typical of this later period in its use of the caliber .30 M26 cupola mount, Plate 116-1242. The disadvantage of this mount lay in its limited elevation for anti-aircraft use as well as limited vision capability for the tank commander, since only a periscope was fitted.
A similar concept was carried
over into the Tl (M6) Heavy Tank series with the T51 cupola mount, Plate 1161324, forthe commander and a separate anti-aircraftmount, theT50, Plate 1161326, located at the rear of the turret. Recognition was given at this time to the fact that the caliber .30 machine guns were inadequate for anti-aircraft use and here a caliber . 50 gun was fitted to the T50 mount.
630
The first step to remedy this was the fitting of a cupola to the turret. These early cupolas, such as that used on the U. S. T1 Medium Tanks, had disadvantages in that they increased the height of the tanks and required constant movement for observation.
To meet this, the M4 Medium Tank initially utilized a
simple hatch cover opening for the commander incorporating a single -vision periscope with only a limited range of motion.
Later, as vision needs and need
for anti-aircraftprotection became more acute, the introduction of angled vision blocks in the cupolas made possible all-around vision.
Cupolas were then fur-
ther modified by welding on a short arm and pintle socket to carry a caliber .30 or . 50 machine gun.
Further improvements in the cupola design utilized an in-
dependent concentric gun ring and pintle socket. Generally, these arrangements were not very satisfactory because of the difficulties in firing the gun at high elevations, from within the turret, and the general interference with the tank commander's functions. As noted earlier, with the incorporation of angled, laminated glass vision blocks peripherally located around the commander's cupola, the vision requirement for the commander's cupola was modified somewhat but the requirement for the commander to expose himself for operation of the anti-aircraft gun still represented a problem. This was borne out in the Korean operations and accelerated the development and utilization of a commander's cupola with an externally mounted gun and internal firing provisions first typified by the mount, 7364875, Plate 116-1559. On earlier tanks and during World War II, all experimental attempts for internally operating the guns were generally unsuccessful; however, development was initiated on a series of gun cupola designs capable of being
631
mounted on most combat vehicles which would provide sufficient range of depression and elevation for use as an anti-aircraft gun as well as a ground gun with the primary purpose of allowing the gun to be completely serviced and operated without exposing the gunner. These cupola design concepts are illustrated on Plate 116-1592, and the actual developments on the plates following. Thus, a complete cycle in design and development has been virtually completed with the change in machine gun mounting from early primary armament use to present day secondary armament use, incorporating the special features found desirable for modern day combat vehicles. The pre-World War I machine gun turrets visible on the early cars shown in Division A, and the post-World War n cupolas shown in this section, both have similar fundamental characteristics. Both are top-side installations. Both enclose with armor the head and shoulders of one gunner only, and partially enclose the weapon.
Both permit servicing of the weapon without exposure of the
gunner. Both use concentric bearing rings, with the non-rotating bearing ring structurally mounted, utilizing the vehicle structure to protect the lower portion of thf: gunner. In addition, both required the gunner to pivot on a non-rotating floor within the vehicle. The major differences between the two types lie in the technological improvements of the major components and in the nomenclature used to differentiate the various types in this book.
The term "cupola" is used to include the one-man,
head-enclosing small turret, as compared to the turret classifications used for those mounts within which one or several men were suspended and rotated.
632
CUPOLA MOUNTS, PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONCEPTS
B These Detroit Arsenal preliminary designs were developed into the cupola mounts shown on the plates listed below: Design A B
c
D
E F
Mount No. 7364875 M2 ( 7952500 ) T10 ( 8396700 ) 8371900 M13 ( 8372200 ) 8681600
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1592
E
Plate No. 116-1559 116-1560 116-1586 116- 1579 116-1583 116-1577 116-1587
p 633
DA 30332
( 1952).
DIVISION H
SECTION 1
CUPOLA MOUNTS, EXPOSED GUNNER
This section includes cupola mounts with the gun and cradle attached to the rotatable concentric ring.
These mounts require exposure of the gunner during
firing and servicing of the gun. Major problems of armed commander's vision cupolas lies in the weapon creating an interference with vision as well as their effect on silhouette.
Plate
116- 1558 shows the use of a caliber .30 machine gun and its method of internal stowage, the caliber .30 being light enough for one man to handle.
Plate 116-
1554 shows an experimental solution for the heavier caliber . 50 machine gun, in which a folding pintle is used. Division E, Section 4.
Other similar folding mechanisms are shown in
A serious flaw with both of these solutions was that the
gun was not available for instant use when attacked by aircraft; in addition, the caliber .30 was not as effective as the caliber . 50 for anti-aircraft fire.
On the
other hand, the caliber . 30 is considered by some as more sensible for anti personnel ground fire because a greater number of rounds of ammunition may be carried in supply boxes of comparable volume.
635
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, M4 MEDIUM TANK Caliber .30
-· AFB 3499 This arrangement was designed by the Armored Force Board as a proposed replacement for the cal. . 50 installation shown on Plate No. ll6- 1555. The AFB Project 272 report of July 9, ' 1942, recommended installation of an M1919A4 Caliber .30 Browning Ma '. chine Gun in a light cradle and pintle, instead of the heavier gun and cradle .........._: due to weight, space requirements, ----.-... and maneuverability. , . ~ The cradle pivot of this light weight .J assembly was at the approximate cen' ter of gravity of the gun. An ammuni-'''·'~''•• ,, . tion tray holder was welded to the L. H. . ,•,•,•,, side of the cradle. Bolts were used · ''''i•'•'' in this experimental model, instead '•',•: of quickdisconnect pins, to attach the 1 gun to the cradle. The pintle yoke could be rotated 360° in the pintle socket, ~ , , . ,.. 1 with about 45 o usable with the gunner : • - l in the hatch. The pintle socket was an integral portion of the 360 o rotatable cupola ring. Approximately 40 o depression and 90 o elevation was pos sible with this assembly. Gun with Cradle and Pintle Attached shown Stowed In side Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1558
AFB 3552
636
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, CAL. . 50 F 0 LDING, WITH STORAGE TRAY
The hinged pintle socket assembly of this mount was designed to swing the cradle and gun into a storage tray for traveling. According to the Armored Force Board, Fort Knox, Kentucky, Project 399, Report of April 12, 1943, this mount as installed on the concentric ring of the commander's cupola could be rapidly brought from the stowed to the firing position without a crew member climb ing out of the turret and did not interfere with the commander of the M4 Medium Tank it was tested on. Previous mounts used guns that were stowed within the turret, with consequent difficulties in handling and displacement of primary ammunition. The further development of this mount was recommended with replacement of caliber. 50 anti-aircraft guns instead of the caliber .30 anti- aircraft guns used on some M4 Medium Tanks at that time. This report noted that there was a dearth of ideas for such mounts which offer possibility of a satisfactory solution of the many conflicting requirements, and the fact that the anti- aircraft machine gun was associated with the commander 's hatch limited the improvements that could be made in respect to improving vision of the tank commander.
Another folding pintle design, used on the M8 Armored Car, is shown on Plates 116-1556 and 116-1557.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1554
637
051050 CUPOLA MOUNTS CALIBER .50, ON M4 MEDIUM TANKS Used with the D569820 Cradle and Pintle assembly. Armed with either the aircraft or heavy barrel M2 Caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun. M4A6 Medium Tank Details. DA 746 (1944) These cupola mounts consisted of 360 o rotatable ring with an integral pintle socket and a pair of hinged commander's hatch lids. The cradle shown could be used in two positions, controlled by the spring device detailed on Plate 116-1524. The forward position permitted - 30 o to +47 o elevation, and the rear position permitted -35° to +75°. Thepintlepermitted 360 o traverse, with about 45 o ac tually usable by the gunner in the hatch.
DA 748
M4 Medium tank detail AFB 3482 The Armored Force Board, Fort Knox, Project 272, Report of July 9, 1942, concluded that this arrangement was unsuitable for the M4 tanks and recommended substitution of the Caliber .30 M1919A4 with a lighter cradle, such as shown on Plate 116-1598. 638 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1555
D51050 CUPOLA MOUNT ON THE M4 SERIES OF MEDIUM TANKS
RAPD 19716
APG A1960 (1944). The turret hatch shown above included a concentric traverse ring with an integral pintle socket and a split pair of doors equipped with one independently rotatable periscope. The D80030 (later 6580030) cradle, pintle and ammunition box holder assembly, detailed on Plate 1161240, and the cal. .50 Browning M2 heavy barrel machine gun are shown in use in these views. 0 ther views of this cupola with experimental cradles are shown on Plate 116- 1555. AFB Project 399 report of April 12, 1943, stated that this mount arrangement was not very satisfactory because of the difficulties in handling the gun from the stowage position inside the turret and the interference with the tank commander's functions when the gun was in the firing position. This report also noted that there was a dearth of ideas for mounts which offered the possibility of a satisfactory solution to the many conflicting requirements for such anti-aircraft mounts. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1598 639
APG A1959 (1944).
M2 ( 'AS~500) CONCENTIUC RING
CUPOLA MOUNT
Caliber .50
RA PD 177450
Cradle and Pintle Installation
MACHINE GUN MOUNT
PINTlE SUPPORT
Major Components
AFF 2 51 - 1998 (1953) Maximum Depression
This assembly, shown installed on the M46 Medium Tank, was derived from the 7054771 Medium Tank commander's vision cupola. It was heavier than the 7993 247 cupola mount shown on Plate 116- 1320, weighing 775 pounds (approximately) complete with gun and 105 r ounds of ammunition. The pilot hole diameter was 29. 75 inches and the bolt circle 31. 50 inches, with the installation bolt heads exposed The bolts were externally inserted and fastened to internally caged nuts. The cradle and pintle assembly 7046650 and the M2 Heavy Barrel caliber . 50 Browning Machine Gun were used in this mount. Interior details of an installation of this assembly on the Tl8El and T73 Armored Infantry Vehicle are shown on Plate No. 116- 1560. The major components of this mount consistedof: 7952442 commander's cupola assembly, which included the vision blocks within the stationary attachment ring, the rotatable gun ring, 7952471, the 7952456 gun pintle support and the door assembly 7952472. One gun ring assembly for this mount had two projecting rod- like handles t o aid in manually traversing the ring. REFERENCES: Dwg. F7952500 (1951). AFF2 Project IP 1196 ( 1953) AFF2 51-1998 (1953) Maximum Elevation. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1321
640
M2 ( 7952500) CUPOLA MOUNT. INSTALLATION ON Tl8El & T73 ARMORED INFANTRY VEHICLES
T1 8E1 Cupola Seat.
T18E1 Cross -Section Showing Cupola Installation.
The T18E1 Armored Infantry Vehicle was the same as the T18 except for the omission of the Remote Control Gun System shown on Plate 116 - 1568. The T18E2 AIV was tested with the T122 twin gun mount illustrated on Plate 116- 1580. The T18E1 was later standardized as the M75 AIV.
The T73 AIValso used the 7952500 mount, but here the concentric ring holding the pintle socket incorporated two rod - like handle bars to aid in manually slewing the gun for rapid traverse. REFERENCES:
External View - T18E1 Armored Infantry Vehicle.
T18E1 AIV - OCM 33126, 33313, 33541. TM 9-775B (1951)(195 2), Dwg. E7006300. Project TT2 - 614, APG Report No. 6. T73 AIV - OCM T213 5A, 0. 0. 451/ 314 (s), Cont. No. 2 (1952). IHC notes on Materiel (1952).
DA 36642T73 Armored Infantry Vehicle. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1560
641
M3 ( K7993247) CUPOLA MOUNT Caliber . 50, on M24 Light Tank
This mount was developed by reworking the D90095 Commander's Vision Cupola. The K7993247 was approximately 200 to 250 pounds lighter than the 7952500 Cupola Mount Assembly shown on Plate 116- 1321. The K7993247 had blind tapped holes with internal bolts. The pilot dia meter was 29. 25 inches, and the bolt circle 30. 50 inches. Features of the K7993247 and the 7952500 were incorporated into the design of the K7393390 Cupola Mount. The mounting dimensions of the 7952500, the lightweight, and the vision blocks of the K7993247 were all incorporated into the design of this later development in 1954.
NOVILLE Platt> No. 116-1320
DA 34096 (1952). 642
CUPOLA MOUNT, DShK 12. 7mm MG, SOVIET
This 12. 7mm (cal. . 50) mount and the 7. 62mm (cal. . 30) mount shown on Plate No. 116-1172 were the standard Soviet cupola mounts developed prior to and used throughout World War II. The 12. 7mm mount was used in several types of cupolas on the vehicles noted below. In each case the cupola was capable of 360° rotation. The gun used was the M1938 DShK, Degtyarev-Shpagin, air-cooled heavy machine gun. It was carried in a recoil cradle and used for both ground and anti aircraft fire. USED ON:
SHOWN ON:
SU-122 SU-152 JS II JS III NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1171
Plate Plate Plate Plate 643
No. No. No. No.
116-1164 116-1164 116-1162 116-1163
AA CUP OL A MOUN T, SOVIE T
The 1938 model of the 7. 62mm Degtyarov machine gun is shown in use below. The 1940 model of the machine gun is shown on Plate No. 116- 1172.Installations of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1146, in the BT cupola, and on Plate 116- 1155 in the T26 cupola. Note that the mountings differ in their method of attachment to the rotating ring of the cupola. The mount below us es a bolted flange while the one to the left uses a bayonet type of locking device.
Typical Cupola with Mount Removed. A46921
APG
A64736
Detail of Pintle Assembly. Cupola of R34 Medium Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1187
644
AA CUPOLA MOUNT, 7. 62mm DT MACHINE GUN, MODEL OF 1940, SOVIET
' iel This cupola mount was used with both the 1938 model and the 1940 model Degtyarov 7. 62mm DT. machine guns. The view above shows the 1940 model, which used a 60 r ound drum. The 1938 model, which used a 47 round drum, is shown on Plate No. 116-1187. This 7. 62mm (cal. . 30) mount and the 12. 7mm (cal. . 50) mount shown on Plate No. 116-1171 were the standard Soviet cupola mounts used throughout World War ll. Three Hundred Sixty degree traverse was obtained by rotation of the cupola. The gun was used for both ground and anti-aircraft fire. The hand crank provided a rough elevation control, and the pintle assembly supported the gun in a gimbal arrangement that permitted a limited amount of elevation and traverse. Additional views of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1187.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1172
645
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, MG 34, GERMAN WW ll
APG Museum P hotos:
•
'
<
.<
J.
) \
These captured views illustrate a German project not completed due to the cessation of hostilities . Shown herein is a concentric ring mount with an automatic elevation compensating feature. As the hand crank was turned for elevation or depression, the twin _ __,_.....tube cradle was driven in or out, keeping the gun inboard at low elevation, and outboard at high elevation. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1553
646
DIVISION H
SECTION 2
CUPOLA INSTALLATIONS OF SKATE MOUNTS This section includes examples of 360° traversible skate mounts used on circular and oval rings installed on top of commander's vision cupolas.
The
traverse of the weapon about the pintle from within the cupola was limited. The total number of traversing assemblies that could affect the weapon included: 1.
The pintle shaft and socket joint atop the carriage.
2.
The carriage with rollers, riding 360° on the ring.
3.
The main turret, traversible 360°.
4.
Lastly, the tank motion, in traverse.
These mounts required exposure of the gunner during firing and servicing of the weapon.
Other examples of skate mounts are shown in Division F.
The mounts shown on Plates 116-1597 and 116-1593 employed slant-plane tracking principles.
647
EXPERIMENTAL SKATE MOUNT, CUPOLA INSTALLATION Caliber . 50
DA 13906
DA 13909
(1950)
(1950) 45° Elevation
The skate mount used on the oval ring of this mockup included an offset cradle support and a pair of equilibrating springs to compensate for the variable gun position. This experimental mount was installed on the mock-up of the T42 medium tank turret, on top of the commander's vision cupola. A further development of this design is shown on Plate 116-1593.
Ref: 13911 13907 13913 13908
DA DA DA DA
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1597
648
DA 13910
( 19 50) Maximum Elevation
DA 13912 (1950) Maximum Depression, Traversed to Rear.
EXPERIMENTAL SKATE MOUNT, CUPOLA INSTALLATION
APG A68860 (1951) An M2 Browning caliber
. 50 heavy barrel machine gun was used with this commanders cupola installation on the T42, 90mm gun, tank ..
This mount was developed after the mock-up shown on Plate 116 - 1597. It included a traversable cradle on an offset arm with spring equilibrators, carried on a skate assembly running on an oval shaped ring.
APG A68861 (1951) Maximum Elevation
The 18th Repor t on P roject TT1 - 696- TT2 - 725A of 1953, based on APG tests of 1951, concluded that this mount was unsatisfactory for use on a combat vehicle, and skate type mounts, in general, were proven unsatisfactory in service. It recommended that no further consideration be given to this type of mount and further mount development be limited to types which do not require exposure of the This type of mount was de scribed in OCM 33610 as an "interim" mount for consideration before complete development of other arrangements which permit the gunner to op erate from within the turret.
-~==~
REFERENCES: APG A68863, A68862 DA Report 1612 OCM 33610
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1593
APG A~8864 (1951) Gun at maximum depression, tra versed to rear.
649
EXPERIMENTAL SKATE MOUNT CUPOLA INSTALLATION This assembly was the first of a series covered in DA Report 1612 of 17 March 1952. It was stated that this mount proved unsatis factory due to binding of the skate caused by the location of the mount's center of gravity.
The major components of this assembly included the 6580030 cradle and pintle assembly, detailed on Plate 116- 1240,and the pintle socket D38 579 from the M24 Pedestal mount detailed on Plate 116 - 1224. DA 26586 (1951) Maximum Depression DA 26592 (1951) Detail of Skate Assembly on Oval Ring. REFERENCES: DA 26655 (Grip Assembly) DA 26585, 26591, 26587 26653.
DA 26590 (1951) Maximum Elevation. Installation on M47 Medium Tank. DA 26588 (19 51) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1594
650
EXPERIMENTAL SKATE MOUNT, COMMANDERS CUPOLA INSTALLATION Ref: DA 28446, 28449, 28451, 28441, 28447, 28448.
M2 Cal. . 50 HB Browning Machine Gun at 20° Depression. DA 28444. This was the fifth of a series of experimental skate mounts cov ered in DA Report 1612 of 17 March 1952. It consisted of the column assembly from the fourth mount and the skate assembly from a previous mount. The first mount is shown on Plate 116 - 1594. The second mount, Drawing LE 3551, used an oval ring. The third mount, Drawings LK3563 - 2 and 3562-3, used a round ring. The fourth mount, Drawing LK3694, used a round ring. The sixth variation is shown on Plate 116 -1 596. , Although the fifth model, shown here, was regarded as the best of the group, all were considered to require further development.
DA 28442 (1951) Installation on M47 Medium Tank. 93 ° Maximum Elevation. DA 28443 (1951) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1595
651
EXPERIMENTAL SKATE MOUNT, COMMANDERS CUP O LA INSTAL LAT ION
DA 28450 (1951) Installation on M47
Medium Tank, Forward Elevation Limit. This arrangement was the sixth and last variation covered in DA Report 1612. It consisted of the fifth variation shown on Plate 116- 1595, with the substitution of the 7046650 cradle pintle and box as sembly detailed on Plate 116 -1516, which includes the 704293 0 pintle. A listing of the variations is given on Plate 116- 1595. Right: DA 28500, Maximum Elevation 38° Below: DA 28452, Maximum Depression 21°
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1596
652
DIVISION H
SECTION 3
CUPOLA MOUNTS, EXPOSED WEAPONS
This section covers cupola mounts in which the gunner was enclosed, but in which the weapons were exposed. The arrangement required the gunner to expose himself during the servicing of the gun and did not partially shield the gun as did the mounts in the following section. In operation, the remote control mounts shown in this section resemble the
remote control pedestal mounts shown on Plate 116-1367, Division E, Section 5.
653
EXPERIMENTAL REMOTE CONTROL CUPOLA MOUNT
DA 1263 This mock up for a commanders cupola mount is similar in location to the mount shown on Plate 1161551, but differs in the mechanical components. A single cal. . 50 Browning heavy bar rel machine gun was planned for in this design.
DA 1262 The vision cupola shown included a top plate capable of being rotated 360° manually by the gunner from within the tank. A bracket on top of the plate carried the gun cradle with the attached elevating gear segment. This gear segment was driven by an irreversible worm on the exposed end of a control shaft passing through the top plate into the tank interior. An aiming periscope was included in the top plate, rotating with the gun in traverse. Aiming and firing could be accomplished while under cover, but reloading and servicing of the gun required partial exposure while working out of the adjacent hatch.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1591
654
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, REMOTE CONTROL M4Al MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATION
APG A64037 (1950)
APG A64035 APG A64036 The sighting periscope and the gun barrel were linked to produce a corresponding motion in elevation when the remote controls inside the co mmander' s hatch were operated. When linked, 24 o of de pression and 36 o elevation were obtained. 64 o elevation was possible when not linked to the periscope. 3 60 o traverse was available through rotation of the hatch. The APG 12th Report on OCO Project TTI-719 noted tnat excessive side swing movement took place during firing, leading to additional modifications resulting in the mount shown on Plate 116- 1552. 655 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1551
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, REMOTE CONTROL
Photos Shown: APG A64806, A64802, A64810, A64805, and A64809 (1950} This assembly was developed after tests of the mount shown on Plate 116-1551. The internal handwheel elevated the M2 Caliber . 50 Gun 36 o and depressed it 24 o via the chain drive, gear train and cradle gear segment. When not linked to the sighting per is cope, the gun could be elevated to 64 o. The APG 12th Report on OCO Project TTI- 719 (1951} concluded that although the mount operated satisfactorily, it was too high, and protected the gunner only while firing. 656 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1552
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNTS, 6560258 MODIFIED On Turret of M18 76mm Gun Motor Carriage APG A64786 Maximum depression in AA firing position, hinged covers opened. APG A64788 Gun in anti-aircraft firing position, covers removed to show modifications.
ABOVE: Modified Mount, Using Triggers on Gun. BELOW: Modified Mount, Using Remote Trigger Control
Maximum depression in the ground firing position, covers closed.
These cupolas were a ll variations of the concentric ring mount 6560258 shown on P late 116- 1469. The M2, Cal. . 50, heavy barrel Browning Machine Gun was carried. Modification of the pintle sup portallowed 10° traverse at the pintle, in addition to the 360° ring traverse. The 12th report on OCO Project TTI-719 (1951) by APG concluded that this mount was satisfactory only in the ground firing position. The protective split cover was effective only in ground firing pos ition, and had to be opened in the anti-aircraftfiring position.
APG A64783 APG A64790 Gun in ground firing pos ition, covers removed to show remote controls.
Other Photos : APG A64781, A64791, A64782, A64789, A64787, A64784, A64785. NOVILLE PlatE.' No. 116- 1549
657
T121 TWIN MAClflNE GUN CUPOLA MOUNT The T121 Twin Machine Gun Cupola Mount was developed for use on combat vehicles such as the Medium Tank M4A3 and M26. It was designed to replace the standard commander's vision cupola on these vehicles and was self- contained, having all components built integral with the mount. It accommodated either caliber .30 or caliber .50 machine guns which were trained in elevation by DC motors controlled by an amplidyne power system. The guns were loaded from within the cupola through door openings which were intended to protect the operator from small arms penetration. The mount proper consisted of two principal structures, the cupola itself and the mounting ring assembly which was bolted directly to the tank turret opening. The ring bearing design was the same as that used for the concentric mounts M66 and M68. The turret had four M17 periscopes and one T25 which was used for aiming of the guns by connecting linkage. Bore sighting was accomplished by adjustment of the rear gun trunnions. The guns were charged by means of cable actuated slides on charging plates , enabling the gunner to pull back the bolt manually from within the turret. Firing was done by solenoids actuated by triggers on the control handles. Provisions were made for operation of the guns and traverse mechanism in case of power failure. DATA: Armor: Weight: Speeds:
5/8" (min) 2" (max ) 2000 pounds w/ o guns and ammunition (rated ) : 45°/sec., elevation and traverse (max) .5°/sec., elevation and traverse (min) (a) Two cal. .50 Machine Guns M2HB or Weapons: (b) One cal. .30 Machine Gun M1919A4 with One cal. .30 Machine Gun T32 (right feed) (c) One cal. .30 and One cal. .50 can be used as a pair Traverse : 360 o Elevation: - 10° to +25 o Power requirements (rated): Standby - 35 amps. Normal operation 50 amps. Maximum 100 amps. Closest aiming point on level ground with main turret forward: Front 27' 9" at 15 o Left side 28' 4" at 15 o Right side 33' 9" at 14 o Rear 27' 2" at 14.5 o
APG, in their first report on Project TT2- 6- 30, noted that the T121 was capable of filling requirements for such mounts but certain modifications were necessary to make the unit fully acceptable and recommended that the entire problem of machine gun armament on tanks be further investigated. This mount is similar to the T122 Twin Machine Gun Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1580. REFERENCES: APG TT2-6- 30/1 (July 1947), APG TT2- 6- 30/2 (1948 ), OCM 27660, OCM 27853, OCM 32796. NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1603T 658
T121 TWIN MACHINE GUN CUPOLA MOUNT
Caliber .30 or . 50 Installation of this mount on the M4A3 Medium Tank and the M26 Heavy Tank is shown on Plate 116 - 1733.
Interior view of mount.
APG A40616 (1946)
T121 mount on Turret >f M4A3 Medium Tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1603
APG A39274 ( 1946)
Top view of T121 Mount
Detail of Caliber ·50 Gun Mounting. APG A46005 (1947) 659
T121 1WIN MACHINE GUN CUPOLA MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
Caliber . 30 or . 50
T121 Mount installed on Heavy Tank, M26 - Cal. .50.
APG A37353 (1946)
This T121 Mount is shown in detail on Plate 116 - 1603.
T121 Mount installed on M4A3 Medium Tank - Cal. .30. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1733 660
APG A37355 (1946)
T122 1WIN MACHINE GUN TURRET MOUNT
Caliber . 50 Q
APG
A48937 (47) T122 Mount Ref: OCM 27660, OCM 27953, OCM 32796, OCM 27853. APG Proj ect TT2 - 6- 30/2 (1948). This mount was designed as a light version of the T121 Twin MG Mount, shown on Plates 116 1603, 116-1733, and was intended for installation on light armored vehicles as an anti -personnel weapon. It was tested on the M24 Light Tank and on the T1 8E2 Armored Infantry Vehicle. The T18E2 was the same as t he T1 8E1 Armored Infantry vehicle which used the 7952500 commander's cu pola mount as shown on Plate 116- 1560. The T122 mount was eventu a lly discarded in fav or of the 7952500 when the Tl8El was standardized as the M75 Armored Infantry Vehicle.
APG A48933 (1947)
DA 24812 (1951) T18E2 Armored Infantry vehicle. ~C;:~;~-·-~ Machine guns not installed in .ii ....,;,...;,....-""' T122 Mount. T1 8E1 VEHICLE REF: OCM 33126 OCM 33313 OCM 33541 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1580
T122 Mount installed on M24 Light Tank.
7364875 CUPOLA MOUNT
Caliber . 50
USED ON: T48 Medium Tank, TM 9-718B T43 120mm Gun Tank T61 Flame Thrower
RAPD 175115
The BMG M2, Caliber. 50 was used on this mount. It could be loaded, aimed and fired from inside the turret by the tank commander or fired manually from outs ide the turret. It was used primar ily for anti-aircraft. This mount was based on Design A shown on Plate 116-1592 and Cupola Mount Drawings M4 ( K8346119) and 8671295 were modifications of it. The M4 Cupola Mount was used only on the Chrysler M48 Medium Tank.
RAPD 175516
ORD ORD APG APG
REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A- 93 (1953) ; 7 SNL 6- 254, T48 Medium Tank; 7 SNL 6- 256, T43 120mm Gun Tank Project TT2-725C; APG A76170, A76171, APG A76174.
A - MOUNT, ASSY 8- CLIP C- WASHER D- SCREW E-HANDLE F-NUT G-HOOK H- SCREW J-WASHER K-COVER L- WASHER M- SCREW N-COVER P- SCREW Q-WASHER R-COVER
7365191
7992747 120380 120706
7985593 124818
7992746 422130 131117
7997366 131200 181055
7997360 181627 120381
7997357
RA PO 1755 18
NO VILLE Pia tc No. 116-1559
662
DIVISION H
SECTION 4 CUPOLA MOUNTS, ENCLOSED
This section includes those armored cupola mounts in which the gunner is fully enclosed and in which the weapons are sufficiently enclosed to permit internal operations and servicing. These were the further development of the commander's cupolas shown in previous sections. The gunner's head and shoulders were shielded by the exposed portion of the cupola, and the remainder of the gunner's body was shielded by the vehicular structure on which the cupola was installed.
Indirect vision and aiming devices
were used with these mounts. The suspension of the weapon in these mounts consists of a horizontal set of trunnions permitting a specific range of elevation. Unlimited traverse was ob tained by rotation of the cupola concentric ring bearings. Early armored cars and tanks were armed with small turrets resembling these mounts. Ball, gimbal, and trunnion-suspended weapons were usedin those early installations. Mounts such as these may be seen both in Division A and Division I. A cupola mount armed with both a caliber .30 machine gun· and a flame gun is shown on Plate 116-1588, and an oscillating cupola mount of French origin is shown on Plate 116-1385.
663
M26 CUPOLA MOUNT Caliber .30
This cupola was mounted on a concentric ring on the tank turret and was capable of 360 o rotation. Equilibration was achieved by a spring attached to the right side of the rotor and bracketed onto the concentric ring. The left side of the rotor contained a pro tectoscope for sighting. This mount had a gun elevation of 60 o and depres s ion of 8 1/2 o.
PIN,STRAtGHT
£J='Ct<2AAGTMU
RAPD 72591 M26 Cupola Mount
f~:.
Installation of this mount on the M3 Series of Medium Tanks is shown on Plate 116- 1562. M26 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 16531, Dwg. 047325, SNL A-55, Sec. 7, RAPD Photos 50312, 50313, 50314.
GRIP-C84824w BOLT· A213128
MJT,SAFETY·BBSX-1AO PIN,STRAOiT- BfDXICE
EOULIBRATOR
RA PO 1107
A_ PLATE - A212905
B-
SUPPORT - B 183005
C-
WINDOW - A2 12934
D-
PROTECTOSCOPE - B 18301 2
E-
PLATE- A 2 12906
F-
CAP - B183009
c-
RING - A 2 129 15
A
B
c,
D
E
c
F
H
c
K
~
Hi-- FITTING - CLDX1A J - SEGMENT - C84807 ~ K L
1-
SEGMENT- C84807A BRACKET - C84806
M -
-{ BOLT - A156190 NUT - A1 39964 _PIN - BFAX 1DH
N-
HOLDER, ASS'Y - A213283
p -
t iN - A 2 13250 P.l N. COTTER - BFAX 1BB
Q-
SPRING -I A 213248
R-
SEAT, LOW ER B183138
S -
SEAT, UPPER- B183139
T -
BRACKET - 8183 140
U -
SHAFT - /\ 212920
V• -
ROTOR - D47402
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1242
v
u,
T
s
p .
RA PD 7301
Details of M26 Cupola Mount 664
M26 CUPOLA MOUNT, INSTALLATION
37 MM. GUN ROTOR
DRIVER'S SEAT
TRANSMISSION
75MM GUNNER'S SEAT
BATIERY SWITCH AIR CLEANERS
PARKING BRAKE LEVER UNIVERSAL JOINT
CLUTCH LINKAGE
PROPELLER SHAFT UNIVERSAL JOINT
SUSPENSION BOGIE
M3A5 MEDIUM TANK
RAPD 13975 and 13975A
The cupola of this M26 Mount which is also described on Plate 116-1242 had two rectangular openings, one for the Caliber .30 M1919A4 Machine Gun and the other for the protectoscope in the rotor. A hinged door covered these openings when the machine gun was dis mounted. The M26 Mount was used on the M3 Series of Medium Tanks as follows: M3 Medium Tank (c. 1940) M3A1 Medium Tank (c. 1941) M3A2 Medium Tank (c. 1941) APG 55 054A Photo on Plate 116- 1260. M3A3 Medium Tank, TM 9-753 M3A4 Medium Tank M3A5 Medium Tank, TM 9-753 Besides the M25 Mount, this series of Medium Tanks usedtheM24andM24A1 Combination Gun Mounts shown on Plate 116-1118, 1260and 1269, andtheM27BowMount shown on Plate 116-1241. APG 54085 (1941) M26 Cupola Mount on the M3A1 Medium Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1562
665
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, T44 CARGO TRACTOR This assembly was a modification of the M68 concentric ring mount detailed on Plate 116- 1519. The in stallation shown was on the T44 Cargo Tractor, on the right side of the driver's compartment.
The APG 12th Report on OCO Project TTI-719 (1951) concluded that this arrangement operated satisfactorily, but was too large and awkward. The pintle in this assembly permitted 15° of traverse, in addition to the 360 o traverse of the ring. The gun could be depressed 23 o at the right side, 5o at the rear, 7 o at the left, and 22 oat the front, with a maximum elevation of 75 o.
APG A64796. In this design the gunner was fully enclosed and protected while firing or servicing the M2 Caliber . 50 heavy barrel Browning Machine Gun. Additional Photos: APG A64797, A64793, A64794.
APG A64792 (1950)
Top View NOVILLE PlatC' No . 116- 1550
666
CI
PERISCOPE DRIVE
E774930 REMOTE CONTROL '!WIN MACHINE GUN TURRETS PERISCOPE
TURRET
lfi--CONTROL SVnTCH BOX AMMUNITION BOX
The above drawings illustrate the general and interior arrangement of the twin E774930 turrets (T - 06 Martin Design) as originally designed for installation on the T- 18 Armored Utility Vehicle. These two turrets were remotely controlled and electro - hydraulically operated. Either cal. . 50 HB M2 machine guns, or cal. .30 BAM guns, M-2, could be used. There were three sighting stations, each with a periscope sight and control drive unit, a control box, a junction box and an inverter. Either one or both turrets could be controlled by any one sighting station. By switching from a scanning to tracking arrange ment, either one or both turrets could be brought to the line of sight of the scan. REF: Notes on Materiel, Detroit Arsenal, RAD No. ORDMX7 - 8368 - 1 (1951). Illustrated below is a model of the Tl8 Armored Utility Vehicle with these twin machine gun turrets installed. This planned installation was discarded in favor of the 7952500 Cupola Mount shown on Plate 116- 1560. The T18 Armored Utility Vehicle was similar to the Tl6 Armored Utility Vehicle, shown on Plate 116- 1522, based on the chassis of the T43E1 Cargo tractor. Without twin turret installation it carried 12 men and two drivers.
DA 8015 (1946)
T18 REF: OCM 31057 OCM 33126 31 -352
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1568
667
EXPERIMENTAL CUPOLA MOUNT, CALIBE R .50 This cupola m o u n t was de. signed to fit the T18E1 Armore Infantry Vehicle in place of th commander's cupola and hatch 1
The machine gun could be in. s talled or removed and the con. tr ols operated from a positio1 completely within the vehicle .
Hatch at intermediate position
AFF 6- 56/3- 2
It used a cal. .50 HB M2 ma. chine gun. The mount had a man. ual traverse of 360° and manua elevation of from - 9 o to +58° It us e d a periscopic s ight an1 four standard vision blocks .
Hatch fully opened
AFF 6- 56/3- 2
Interior of T18El with hatch closed AFF 52-4099 A doughnut- drum type ammunitiol tray holding 800 rounds fed the am munition up through an electric boost. er and thence through a flexible chut ing to the feedway of the drum . 1 pedestal- mount saddle type seat whic rotated with cupola was provided fo1 gunner. Tested and reported on under AF1 B No. 2, Project 1659 ( 1953) judge1 that while unsatisfactory in its pre· sent state, it represented, then, th1 most complete attempt to design an1 fabricate a cupola mount to meet th1 existing military requirements . REF: Aircraft Armament Model 15 T18E1 Armored Infantry Vehicle NOVILLE Plat e No. 116-183 1
AFF 52- 4104 668
8371900 & 7328429 CUPOLA MOUNTS Caliber .50
DATA: Height ....... . .. . 14" (excluding sight) Width (diameter) .. 41" Note: Mounts on standard 29. 75" cupola opening. Length .......... 54" (excluding gun) Elevation .. +60° to -10° Sight .... Monocular Periscopic tilting head. Vision blocks (5) ... Standard heavy type. Operation........ Manual. Power requirements .. none. The caliber .50 cupola mount illustrated here is similar to the preliminary design concept "F" shown on Plate 116- 1592. This cupola was developed primarily for use on combat vehicles such as the M48 series of medium tanks in order to eliminate externally operated anti-aircraft mounts such as the 7364875 and 7952500. The weight with gun and ammunition was 1287 pounds with 1" thick frontal armor and 3/4" thick rear armor. It differed from the 8372000 mount in that a rear "bustle"was provided and the escape hatch was pivoted rather than hinged The ammunition supply system consisted of a fabricated 200 round ammunition box, feed chute, and gun end adaptor with an expended ammunition system consisting of a link chute and case ejection chute spilling overboard. A target designating device, a positive lock located on the left forward side of the cu pola, locked the cupola to the main turret in order to allow the commander to use the vertical line of the cupola sight reticle for azimuth sighting of the vehicle's main arma ment.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1587
-
669
TlO ( 8396700) CUP OLA MOUNT Caliber .30
This caliber .30 machine gun mount, 8396700, was developed specifically for use on armored infantry vehicles, light tanks, and landing vehicles and was manually oper ated with provision for controlled fir e in both azimuth and elevation. This mount was the basis for the later Navy G- 1 mount shown on Plate 116- 1590, except for the lack of watertight integrity and a larger ammunition supply. The mount proper consisted of an armored box structure, mounting ring and bearing system, gun mount, and ammu nition supply system. The armored body was a dome fabricated from 3/8" homogeneous armor plate sloped to a ballistic equivalent of 5/ 8" armor. This body rotated on the mounting ring system which consisted of a retaining ring and a ring gear embodying a single row plastic ball bearing to allow rotation of the body. The retaining ring was tapped to match the standard commander's cupola mounting holes and a 29.75" diameter opening. Ammunition was fed from a curved box having the capacity of 500 caliber .30 rounds. The gun was elevated by a moving arm attached to the cradle. This arm also contained an auxiliary gun firing trigger which formed a direct mechanical link to the gun trigger. Movement in azimuth was by means of a hand crank located on the left side of the cupola. The cupola itself contained four standard vision blocks to provide 360° visibility fo r the gun operator without rotation of the cupola. Gun sighting was accomplished by means of a monocular periscope with movable prism head. DATA: Height (excluding sight~ ... 12 - 1/4" Width (diameter)......... 35'' Length (excluding gun)..... 37- 1/2" Weight ................... 442 lbs. (including gun and ammunition) Gun...... Gun, Machine, Cal. . 30 M37 (Tank) or Gun, Machine, Browning, Cal. . 30 M1919A4, Flexible. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1586
APG A86927 - 8396700 Mount on T18E1 AIV. 670
8371900 & 7328429 CUPOLA MOUNTS
Thes e cal.. 50 cupola mounts were based on the Concept "D" of Plate 116 - 1592. They differed only in the type of ammu nition stowage arrangement. The 8371900 was developed primarily for use with the M75 (T18E1) Armored Infantry Vehicle and incorporated an 800 round concentric ring ammunition box suspended by means of two concentric plastic ball bearings attached to the cupola body of the mount.
Cross -Section 7328429 Mount .
The 7328429 mount was designed for use with the T98El Self - Propelled Howitzer, 105mm, and used a 250 round rectangular ammunition box attached forward of the gunner's seat and below the cupola. Both mounts fit the standard 29. 75" cu pola opening, utilized 11/16 inch thick armor, and weighed approximately 1200 pounds fully loaded. DATA: Height. .. 12 - 3/8" without sight Width ... 35 - 1/2"0.0. toSplash Guard (diameter) Note: Mounts on standard 29. 75" cupola opening. ~~1ZZ?Z?Z7ZZZiZZi.'ZZ
......
M13 ( 8372200 ) CUPOLA MOUNT Caliber .50 DATA: The 8372200 caliber . 50 cupola Height (excluding sight) ..... 12- 1/4 inch mount was specifically developWidth (diameter) . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 inches ed to afford complete protection Note: Mounts on standard 29. 75 inch for the gun operator in that the deck opening. machine gun could be serviced, Length (excluding gun) 49 - 3/4" loaded, charged, sighted, and Azimuth. . . . • 3 60° continuous fired without exposing him to diElevation. . . . +60° to -1 5° rect fire or airburst. It was deSight . . . . . . Monocular P e risigned for use on the T50 and scopic tilting head. T51 heavy recovery vehicle, and Operation... Manual the T59 (M59) Armored Infantry P ower Requirements Vehicle. This mount resembled .. 18 amps, 24 volts d. c. the 8371900 and 7328429 mounts shown on Plate ll6-1579, except that here the armored structure was lighter, weighing 816 lbs . and consisting of 3/8 inch homogeneous armor plate sloped to 5/8" ballistic equivalent. The entire mount rotated in azimuth on a single row of plastic ball ring bearings, with the retaining ring tapped to match the 29. 75" diameter opening and mounting holes of the standardized commander's cupola. 8372200 was designed for operation with either a suspended drum type of ammunition holder or a floormounted box type container. ' of annular shape with rectangular cross section hung on The suspended drum was two concentric plastic ball bearing rings which in turn were supported from a skirt attached to the armored dome. The drum itself rotated independently as ammunition was expended. An ammunition booster was used to aid in feeding the gun and it was mounted in a housing attached to the elevation gear box brackets. Ammunition was fed from the drum through a fixed feed chute to the booster then into a flexible feed chute to the gun adapter. Ejection of cases and links was accomplished through a port on the right hand side of the cradle. The floor mounted ammunition container system consisted of an upright "L" shaped ammunition box, booster system, flexible feed chute, and gun adapter. The ammunition box was fastened to the floor of the vehicle by means of a bearing which allowed it to rotate in azimuth with the mount. The box itself was connected to the elevation gear box bracket through a self-aligning joint. The booster was located directly on top of the ammunition box. When the suspended ammunition drum was used, the operator's seat was mounted on a truss suspended from the mount ring. In the floor mounted ammunition box version, the operator's seat was on top of the box and moved with it in azimuth. Elevation and traverse of the cupola was accomplished byturning of hand cranks located on the right and left side of the forward body of the mount respectively. A thumb pressure switch for gun firing was located in the elevation crank handle. For typical installations of 8372200 refer to Plate 116-1599. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1583 672
M13 ( 8372200) CUPOLA MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
APG A89031 - 8372200 Mount Installation on T51 Heavy Recovery Vehicle.
T59 AIV Installation with Drum Type Ammunition System.
SI DE EI. EVA.TION
BO:< TYPE
Ml.~UNITION
SYSTE;\1
A. A.. Inc. M.ODEL 6J ,IJ,OUNT
T59 AIV Installation with Box Type Ammunition System. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1599
673
M13 ( 8372000) & 8681600 CUPOLA MOUNTS
These machine gun cupolas were designed specifically for replacing the commander's cupola and gun mount 7699514 on the M48 Tank. The armored cupola utilized 2 inch ballistic equivalent armor and was mounted to a ring gear by means of an integrally cut double row ball bearing races for movement in traverse. The ring gear was tapped to match the standard commander cupola mounting holes in the main turret of the tank. Mount 8681600 incorporated a 100 round ammunition box supported from a bracket fastened to the inside of the cupola with a flexible feed chute and gun end adaptor for guiding the ammunition to the gun. The earlier mount, 8372000, used a floor mounted ammunition drum of 600 rounds capacity. DATA: Height (excluding sight) 14" Width (diameter) 38" Length 48" Weight 1372 lbs. Operation Manual Power Requirements 8 amps, 24 volts d. c. for firing circuit only.
+-,--_...,...._-~---.;-;---+-
Section Through Cupola
APG A85468 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1577
674
G- 1 CUPOLA MOUNT
See P late 116-1586 for similar mount.
Caliber .30
Installation on LVTP -X-2.
The Navy G- 1 mount was a self - contained watertight unit for use on Naval landing vehicles as well as light combat vehicles. It was similar in design to the 8396700 mount shown on Plate Number 116- 1586, except a standard 250 round ammunition box mounted in a bracket was used in place of the curved 500 round fabricated box. A version of this mount was also avail able without the armored hatch cover .
Plan View.
DATA: Height (excluding sight~ .... 12 - 1/4" Width (diameter~.......... 36- 5/8" Note: Mounts on standard 29. 75" deck opening. Length........... 35- 5/8" (excluding gun) Weight........... 442 lbs. (including gun and ammunition). Armor ... 3/8" constant thickness homogeneous armor plate sloped to ballistic equi valent of 5/8" armor.
Section A-A
I
I I
I
I
I /
I I
,.,.
I
I
\\ \I \\ I \
,\. ~ --
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1590
675
DIVISION I BALL MOUNTS Contents Section 1 -----Pre-World War II Ball Mounts Section 2 World War II Ball Mounts Section 3 World War IT Gimbal Suspended Ball Mounts Section 4 -----World War II Fixed Ball Mounts Section 5 Post-World War II Ball Mounts Section 6 Unarmored Ball Mounts Discussion The ball and socket joint principle upon which these mounts are based is of a fundamental nature, being commonly found in the ball joints of the bone structure of living things.
The inherent characteristics of the ball joint provide es-
sential qualities needed for weapon mounts.
Flexibility for aiming, ease of
sealing, and integral armor, as desired, are all readily available. Ball mounts have been used on all types of fighting vehicles, on aircraft, in fixed fortifications, and on amphibious vehicles.
Examples of shipboard use
have not been uncovered in the preparation of this book. Vehicular applications of ball mounts have been extensive. Tank hull frontal applications of single weapon ball mounts included those in the sloped forward hull (or glacis) and those in the vertical armored windshield, both most commanly located at the assistant driver's position. With the elimination of the assistant driver, these bow mounts have been discarded on very recent tanks. Tank-side (or sponson) and rear-hull applications of ball mounts were confined mainly to early tanks. These applications were of three types. Both fixed
677
installations using the ball for suspension and not for flexibility, and flexible installations similar to frontal applications were tried.
A third type, utilizing a
ball mount in a second flexible housing, was more numerous.
These examples
include spherical bell housings and cylindrical sponson housings, each providing additional limited traverse for the flexible ball mount.
All three types of
these side or hull applications of ball mounts have been discarded on the present tanks of all the major powers. Tank applications of single weapon ball mounts in cupolas, or small turrets, were also confined to early tanks. In these cases, traverse of the cupola or turret was added to the ball mount flexibility, subject to vehicular structure limitations. Cupola mounts, the present day descendant of these early single weapon small turrets, are shown in Division H.
Those later cupolas did not retain the
use of ball suspensions but reverted to trwmion for elevation and the cupola rotation to provide for traverse. Tank applications of single weapon ball mounts in large main turrets included locations at the front, sides, rear, and top. Frontal main turret applications of ball mounts were distinctly secondary in nature, being used in conjunction with the primary armament.
The most common practice in combination mounts has
been to have both types of weapons coaxially installed, with the secondary weapon having bore sight and alignment provisions, permitting it to be aimed in the same manner as the primary weapon.
However, some examples of secondary
weapons that could be unlinked and aimed independently and some examples of secondary weapons in a ball mount within the mantlet rotor, adjacent to the primary weapon, have also been found.
678
Side and rear of bustle applications in main tank turrets have been made also in relatively vertical walls. All of these aforementioned tank applications of ball mounts have been for anti-personnel ground fire.
Several applications of anti-aircraft single weapon
ball mounts have been made on slanted or curved turret walls, so placed as to elevate the available cone of fire into a suitable position for anti-aircraft fire. These installations still had only a limited cone of fire. The only top side, horizontal, roof applications of ball-type mounts found were the deflector mounts shown in Division 0.
679
DIVISION I
SECTION 1
PRE-WORLD WAR II BALL MOUNTS The early 9" ball mounts illustrated in the first series of plates were based on the British mounts of the Mark I Heavy Tank. Some tank installations utilized pivoted bell housings for traverse range beyond that of the ball mount itself. The later sponson mounts of the M2 Medium Tanks, Plates 116-1005 and 116-1006, used cylindrical rotors in the same manner. The continued development of ball mounts first discarded the use of bell housings and later the sponson rotor housings, with the main applications being the bow installation on tanks. In those applications, the ball mount was attached directly to the hull structure.
The United States T1 6-1/2" Ball Mount, Plate
116-1001, and the M8 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1000, was externally similar to the ball mounts of British 6-ton tank and also the Soviet copy of this vehicle, the T26 Light Tank. The 6-1/2" ball mounts were replaced by 3-1/2" mounts.
Three and one-
half inches became the standard ball diameter for many subsequent United States mounts. These early mounts were used as prim a r y weapon mounts in turrets and sponsons.
681
BALL MOUNT. 9". MODEL OF 1920 Caliber . 30
The ball segment of this early mount was a solid, one-piece member with a gun cradle bolted to its rear face. The gun cradle had a cylindrical end fitting into the ball segment, a quick disconnect gun locking pin, and suspension clips for an expended case collection bag. A two-piece flange assembly enclosed the ball segment and was used for installing the ball mount in either bell, turret, or car walls. The flange assembly was attached to the interior wall with exposed conical head bolts. A travel lock pin was passed through a hole in the upper rim of the rear flange and into a matching hole in the ball segment. When not in use the travel lock pin hung freely on a chain attached to a clip on the mounting flange. A gun barrel protector tube with perforations top and bottom was threaded into the ball segment. Early versions of this mountincludeda plugwith aprojectileegress aperture at the forward tip of the barrel protector tube. Later versions omitted this plug. The Browning caliber. 30 tank machine gun was installed through the cradle tube, with a collar near the base of the barrel. This collar and a gasket ring, clamped around the ball diameter by the two flanges, acted as seals for the mount assembly. This mount was used both with and without a shield assembly. The shield assembly consisted of a front plate bolted to a flanged tubular collar. This assembly was bolted to the gun barrel protector. In those installations with direct vision a large aperture with a removable plug in the ball was used. In the installations with telescopic sights a smaller aperture was used in the ball. Modifications removing the telescopic sight provided plugs for closing the sight apertures in the ball and shield. When used with a telescopic sight a rear support bracket was provided at the rear left hand side of the gun receiver and a front supporting collar was attached to the rear of the gun barrel, leaving the right hand side of the gun clear for a manual charger. Either the integral pistol grip on the gun or a secondary grip and trigger assembly were used, as required by the particular installation. This mount with the variations noted was used from World War I until 1931. A shielded version of this solid ball mount was used in the turret of the Ml917A1 Six Ton Tank (1930-1931). This American model of the French Renault M17 (1917) series oftanks also used other cal. . 30 mounts and a37mm mount in the same location. An unshielded version of this mount was used on the upper right side ofthe front hull of the T2 Medium Tank (1930). This cal. . 30 mount was substituted in 1931 for an earlier combination 37mmand cal. . 30 mount previously used in the same location. The T2 resembled the British Vickers Medium Mark I tank (1924). The U. S. 1920 models of the British Mark VIII Heavy Tank of 1918 used unshielded versions of this mount in both fixed turret walls and in bell housings, as shown on Plates No. 116-1040, 116-1041, and 116-1042. This ball mount, unshielded, was also used in the side walls of the White Armored Car, as shown on Plate No. 116-1002. ·
NOVILLE Plate 1'\o. 116-1034
682
BALL MOUNT, 9 " ~ IN BELL HOUSINGS Caliber . 30
These 9" Ball Mounts, described on Plate 116 - 1034, were bolted to hemispherical housings pivoted top and bottom to provide addi tional horizontal traverse.
Bell housing in door of Mark VIII Heavy Tank. Note the large direct vision sighting aperture of this model. RIA 373 - 32313 (1919)
Exterior view of bell housing in door of Mark VIll Heavy Tank. RIA 373-33379 (1919)
Additional views of these installations are shown on Plate No. 116- 1042.
Bell housing in rear of turret on Mark VIll Heavy Tank. RIA 373 - 33936 (1920) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1041
683
BALL MOUNT, 9"
MODEL 1920. INSTALLATIONS
Caliber . 30
I I
Mark VIII Heavy Tank
I II
I I [ ll
RIA 3 73-33907
A pair of solid ball mounts of the type detailed on Plate No. 116- 1034 was used without an external shield in the forward turret walls of the U.S. model of the Mark VIII Heavy Tank. Full advantage of the flexibility of this installation was not utilized due to the interference of the track structure when the guns were depressed. Additional views of the Mark VIII installations are shown on Plate No. 116 - 1042. This same type of ball mount was also used on the experimental T2 Medium Tank in the left hand forward wall of the upper hull. A greater utilization of the capability of the mount in this location was realized. Later ball mounts, in bow installations, were capable of being manipulated through a larger cone of fire.
T2 Medium Tank.
APG A45600 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1040
Additional data on the combination mounts used in the T2 Medium Tank is given on Plates 116-1504 and 1505. 684
BALL MOUNT. 9" MODEL 1920 Caliber . 30
Shown here is an early U.S. ball mount installed in the side walls of an open top armored White Truck. This mount included a short cradle supporting the machine gun at the front mounting holes and a gun barrel protector. No equilibrator spring or counterbalance, other than the barrel protector, was provided. Adjacent rifle port slides were closed up with armor plate covers, necessitating exposure of the gunner's head over the side wall of the truck during fir ing. Details of this Ball Mount are s hown on Plate No. 116-1034.
RIA 508 -34486
NOVILLE Piate No. 116- 1002
685
BALL MOUNT, 7- 1/2", MODEL 1920 Caliber . 30
T1 Medium Tank with 7-1/ 2" BaJl Mount in Cupola
.
.·.. .. .. ...... .
..
...... . ..
The ball segment of this mount was a hollow single piece member with an integral cradle for support of the Browning caliber. 30 Machine Gun. A structurally mounted conical flange provided the forward bearing surface for the ball. A bearing ring was internally bolted to this flange to complete retention of the ball. An anti - rotation pin, screwed through the installation flange, projected into a groove on the surface of the ball to prevent rotation of the gun about the axis of the ball without limiting flexibility. This was necessary as the gun was used off center to the right, with an aperture for a telescopic sight on the left side. For direct vision an aperture with a removable plugwas also includedin the ball. segment. A shallowbell- shaped shield, internally bolted to the ball, protected the ball and flange joint, but did not completely protect the exposed riveted joint of the flange and turret. The gun barrel was protected by a tube screwed into the shield. USED ON: Medium Tank of 1921 Medium "A" Tank of 1922. Ref. Photo RIA 519 - 35450 T1 Medium Tank (1925). Ref. Photos RIA 608 -37774, DA 224
Medium "A" Tank NOVILLE P late No. 116-1033
RIA 519 - 35567 686
Tl Medium Tank · RIA 608- 37776
Tl BALL MOUNT. 6 -1/2" Caliber. 30
T4 Medium Tank detail. T4 Combat Car This ball mount with a sighting hole located in the ball above the cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun was used in the same series of experimental tanks built at Rock Island Arsenal from 1932 to 1936 as shown on Plate No. 116-1000. The 6- 1/2" diameter ball in this mount was large enough to include the sighting aperture, whereas the T2 and Ml2El mounts, using a 3-1/2" ball, required an additional armor shield in front of the ball. T1 BALL MOUNT, REF. DWG. 06617 USED ON: T11 Armored Car (1932) - Photograph ORD 6948. *T4 Medium Tank (1936), wheel or track- Photo RIA 735 - 39924 - ReportRIAQ..:.t7(1936). *T4 Combat Car (1933), wheel or track-RIA 705-40440 -Report RIA-AC-6, Q-9 (193 5). *T4 Modifie,d Combat Car(c. 1934), wheel or track -Photographs DA4620 andDA 273. T5 Modified Combat Car(T5El ?)(1934), tracked only -Photograph RIA 726 - 40357. * For recognition purposes these vehicles had similar hulls but .different turrets. Ball Mounts TIEl, Ref. Dwg . . 027304 and OCM 1123R. and TlE2, Ref. Dwg.D27267, were used on Medium Tank T3E2.
Til Armored Car · T5 Modified Combat Car
T4 Modified Combat Car
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1001
687
T2 BALL MOUNT. 3 - 1/ 2
Caliber . 30
RIA 769 - 40814
.... In this ball mount the split spherical housing consisted of one flange on each s1de of the structure it was bolted to, whereas the M12E1 Ball Mount had both housing segments externally bolted. The housing retained the spherical segment end of a short cradle in which the forward mounting holes of an M2 cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun were fastened. A telescopic sight with a front bracket attached to the cradle and a rear adjustable bracket attached to the gun body protruded through a hole in the structure adjacent to the mounting flange. A small sighting aperture was provided in the external shield mounted on the cradle end. This mount had neither equilibrating springs nor a shoulder stock. The double hand grip and trigger of the M2 Gun was used without a secondary trigger handle such as was used in the M12E1 Ball Mount. The starboard turret of the M2A2 Light Tank, Photo RIA 775 - 40850, in which this mount was installed, was limited to 270 o traverse by an adjacent port turret with a caliber . 50 machine gun mount. In addition to this traverse the ball mount itself was free to fire in a cone of approximately 34 °. T2 3 - 1/2" BALL MOUNT REFERENCE: Report RIA- TK- 1. USED ON: T2E2 Light Tank (19.34) Photo RIA 731 - 40660. M1Al Combat Car(1938). M2A2 Light Tank (1934), prior designation T2E2.
r.~_
M2A2 Light Tank NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1004
--~_
NOTES: The Ml4 3- l/2" Ball Mount, Drawings D7ll2 (1933 -1941) and D2739l. OCM ll23 6, is similar in appearance to the T2 Ball Mount, differing only in minor details. The M14 Ball Mount was used on the T6 Combat Car, pilot model. The M12 3-1/2" Ball Mount, Drawing D30972 (1936 - 194~ OCM 13250, is simi lar -with the exceptions that an Ml919A4 Browning Machine Gun and a full width telescope head rest are used. The M12 Ball Mount wasusedon the M2A2-3 Light Tank.
,
RIA 775-40850 688
....
T2E1 BALL MOUNT, 3-1/2" This short cradle ball mount, using a direct vision slit for aiming, was used on the .T3 Light Tank, shown to the left. Except for the use of an M2 Browning Machine Gun cal. . 3 0 in Body C61513, and the notch in the forward mounting flange, this mount was the same as the Ml3 Ball Mount noted on Plate No. 116- 1009. Ball Mount: Dwg. D34216 (1938 - 1941) RIA 772 - 40728 (1936) T3 Light Tank:
D34216 BALL MOUNT, 3 -1/ 2" This ball mount used the M1919A4 cal. . 30 flexible Browning Machine Gun and Telescope D34105 in Cradle D34043 and was located in the four rotary corner sponsons of the T5 Medium Tank. With the exception of the large exposed sighting aperture and absence of a front shield, this mount is similar to the one shown on Plate No. 116- 1005. Ball Mount: Dwg. D34216 (1938 - 1941) T5 Medium Tank: RIA 805 - 42524
D31872 BALL MOUNT. 3 - 1/2" This bow installation in the M2A2E3 Light Tank, used an Ml918A4 cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun and Telescope Ml918A2 in the short ball segment cradle C64872,necessitatinga large enclosingbulge in the hull ofthat tank. With the exception of the almost horizontal position ofthe front shield and the absence of an attached ammunition tray, this mount is similar to the M14 Ball Mount noted on Plate No. 116-1004. Ball Mount: Dwg. D31872 (1936) M2A2E3 Light Tank: RIA 775-1029 (1939)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1031
689
M8 BALL MOUNT, 6 - l; 2" Caliber. 30
The M8 6-1/2" diameter Ball Mount was used in the right side of the front hull of the series of experimental light and medium tanks built at Rock Island Arsenal from 1932 to 1936. Vision provisions for aiming were separate from the ball mount, consisting of a slit in the assistant driver's vision port. Later, ball mounts in these vehicles were reduced to 3 - 1/2" diameter. This decreased the overall size . of the installation and reduced the ballistically undesirable re-entrant curve of the hull mount housing. The caliber . 30M2 Browning A. C. Machine Gun was supported by its front mounting holes in the short cradle, without either an equilibrating spring or a counterbalance weight. A 35° cone of fire was permitted by the ball segment, C60322. M8 6-1/2" BALL MOUNT REFERENCES: Drawing D7932 (1934). OCM 1324& USED ON: *T2E1 Light Tank (1934) - Report RIA-Q2 Photo RIA 731-40650 - Later designated M2Al. Additional data on the T2E1 Light Tank is given on Plate 116-1105. *M2A1 Light Tank (1934) - Photo RIA 775-40652. *T2E2 Light Tank (1935) - Photo RIA 731-40659. Later designated M2A2. *M2A2 Light Tank (1934) - Photo ORD 10645. *M1 Combat Car (1934) - Photo RIA 780-40833. Prior designation T5E2. T4 Medium Tank (1936), wheel or track -Photo RIA 735-40974. wheel or track T4E1 Medium Tank (1936), Photo RIA 73 5-41196. * For recognition purposes these vehicles had similar hulls but different turrets.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 000
690
/ i
\,./
M8 BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS Caliber . 30 This ball mount, described on Plate No. 116-1000, was used in the bow of several experimental light and medium tanks and combat cars as shown in the·se typical ins talla ti ons .
T4 Medium Tank RIA 735 -40974
The M2 Br owning cal. . 30 flexible machine gun was used in this mount. Sighting for these installations was by direct viewing through vision slits at the assistant driver's position.
T4E1 Medium Tank RIA 735 - 41196
TheM10 6-1/2" ball mountshownon Plate No. 116- 1039 was similar to this mount with the exception of the use of an M1919A4 caliber . 3 0 Browning flexible machine gun.
T2E2 Light Tank RIA 731 - 40659
NOVILLE Plat(' No. 116- 1038
691
MlO BALL MOUNT. 6 - 1/ 2" Caliber . 30
M2A2 Light Tank SC 117827 The M10 6-1/2" ball mount was similar to the M8 6- 1/2" ball mount shown on Plate 116- 1000 and was used in similar installations. Primary difference was that the M10 ball mount used the ball segment C62203 with an integral short cradle for support of the M1919A4 Browning caliber . 30 Flexible Machine Gun. The M8 ball mount used the segment C60322 with an integral short cradle for support of the M2 Browning caliber . 30 Flexible Machine Gun. Other than this change for mounting the different guns the M8 and M10 were the same. Both ball mounts were tracer aimed thr ough the assistant driver's direct vision slit.
MlO BALL MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D30974 (1935 -1941) OCM 13250 USED ON: M2A2. Light Tank (1934)
Detail of M10 Ball Mount from Dwg. D30974
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1039
692
M12El BALL MOUNT. 3 -1/ 2"
-
f~~"~
'~
..
•
... •
--· ------
~~-..._
--:
-
~·
•
- --
RIA 769 - 843 A split spherical housing, structurally mounted, enclosed a spherical segment end of the gun cradle in this mount. The telescopic sight, attached to the cradle, with bore alignment provisions, projected through a hole in the mounting structure adjacent to the mounting flange. An external shield with a small sighting aperture was attached to the cradle end to protect the telescope, the ball mount, and the telescope hole in the structure. The ball mount alone permitted a 34 o cone of fire, in addition to the 270 o traverse provisions of the turret. No equilibrating spring or counterweight, other than the shield, was included. A shoulder stock and triggEr mechanism was included in the cradle assembly. M12E1 BALL MOUNT REFERENCES: NM. RIA-MG-39 (APG 623. 43 ) M12E1 3-1/2" Ball Mount cal. . 30. D33968, Dwg., M12E1 Ball Mount (1938). 0 C M 14492. D33256, Dwg., M1918A2 (mod) Telescopic Sight. M1919A4 Browning Cal. . 30 Machine Gun. D27972, Dwg., M12El Ball Mount (1938). USED ON: M2A2 Light Tank (193 4) - Photo SC 117827, previous designation T2E2. M2A3 Light Tank (1938) - Photo RIA 812-42595 - Report RIA- TK-l (Q-6) .
.~_... M12E 1 Ball Mount =--~~e..._:--1 Turret Installation on M2A3 Light Tank
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1003
693
M13, MODIFIED, BALL MOUNT, 3 - 1/ 2" Caliber . 30
REFERENCES: SNL A- 55, Section 2. Drawing D34971. OCM 13251.
RAPD 84243 This ball mount was usedfrom 1934 to 1942. Plate No. 116- 1008 shows typical installations, and Plate No. 116- 1259 shows installation details. The components, illustrated on this plate, included the structurally mounted exposed ball housing, a short cradle, an ammunition box and support r ods for an expended case collection bag, but did not include an equilibrating spring. The original M13 Ball Mount, Ref. Dwg. 31571 (1936), used ball C64522, which did not include support provisions for the ammunition tray and the expended case collection bag. BEARING - B143781l
•
SCREW BAPX1BG
RIVET . 1;4 X 1Ys
\V J SHAFT - A 189542 LOCK - A 189540 ~Giiiir KNOB - A 189541
(Ciiinaw
ROD - A 189544
I
(=aum• SCREYV_,;J· i b
RODA189545
A1401~
TRAP - A 189536
NUT - BBDXIC
SCREWBCLXLIAD
TRAY, ASS'Y - 038721
BEARING - B143779 PLATE - A 188453
RA PD 84244
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1009
694
o
M13 MODIFIED BALL MOUNT, 3 1/ 2" Caliber .30 24 o Elevation 14 o Depression 14 oR. Traverse 17 o L. Traverse DA 8389 T17E1 Armored Car. Early Model This ball mount was used from 1934 to 1942. Typical installations are shown on Plate No. 116-1008, and components are shown on Plate No. 116-1009. Aiming was accomplished on the bow installations of the M2A2 Light Tank and M1 Combat Car through a vision slit in the gunner's observation port. The s ighting bracket assemblies were clamped on the exposed gun barrel. On the T3 75mm Howitzer Motor Carriage turret installation a sighting aperture was located adjacent to the ball mount. USED ON: *M1 Combat Car (1934) - Photos RIA 775-41821, ORD 10691. *M2A2 Light Tank (1934) - Photos RIA 775-41821, RIA 775-42355. *M1A1 Combat Car (1938) - Photos RIA 810-42463, ORD 13047. T3 75mm Howitzer Motor Carriage (1939) - Photo APG 39379. M2 Combat Car (1940) - Photos RIA 854 -2027, ORD 14155. M2A4 Light Tank (1940) - Report RIA TTM9-Q7 - Photos RIA 845- 2266, APG 40294. M3 Light Tank (l9 40) - RAPD 2340 & 4747, TM 9- 726 (1942), Plate 116- 1265 M3A1 Light Tank (l9 41) -Photos RAPD 14867 & 45306, RIA 899 - 8285 - TM 9 -727 (1943). M3A3 Light Tank (1942) - Photos DA 3187 - TM 9- 727 (1943). T13 Armored Car (1942) - Photos DA 8399 & 269. T17E1 Armored Car (1942) - Photo DA 8398. Early Model Only. * Replaced 6-1/2" ball mount on later models of these vehicles. KNOB,LOCK,PINTLE-A189541 LOCK, WIRE, PINTLE-A189540 SHAFT, PINTLE-A189542 BEARING , MOUNT- BI4378Q- - - - - , . LOCK,PINTLE- A 189543
{
dlk~#;~i~==~
BALL, MClU'IT-BI69713
BEARING, MOUNT-BI43781- -- - - ' SEARING, MOUNT-8143779BOLT -BAPXIBG NUT,SAFETY-BBSX4AC
-
-
-
M13 Modified Ball Mount References:
-'
r------..
SNL A-55, Sec. 2. Dwg. D34971. OCM 13251.
RA PO 2632
RAPD 2632 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1259
695
Ml3 , MODIFIED, BALL MOUNT, 3 - 1/2" INSTALLATIONS Caliber . 30 Refer to Plate No. 116- 1009 for Details of Ball Mount.
M3 Light Tank Bow Mount RAPD 2340
·M2A2 Light Tank and M1 Combat Car. Bow Mount.
T13 Armored Car. Bow Mount
M2A4 Light Tank. Bow Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1008
T3 75mm. How. Motor Carriage. Turret Mount
M2 Combat Car.
696
Bow Mount
BALL MOUNTS IN SPONSONS OF M2 MEDIUM TANK Caliber . 30
RIA 836- 1109
DA 234
The M2 Medium Tank of 1939 carried four corner cal. . 30 sponson mounts in addition to other armament. These cylindrical segment barbette type housings rotated about a vertical axis to provide a traverse of approximately 90 o. A cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun was supported in each housing by a 3- 1/2" ball mount per mitting an additional cone of fire of approximately 34 °. The exposed ball housing bolt flange enclosed the ball segment end of a cradle assembly that included a secondary manual trigger below the gun. Travel interrupter brackets externally mounted on the tank hull prevented self inflicted damage. Direct vision was obtained through an aperture approximately 1-1/2" diameter with a removable plug on the left hand side of the gun, leaving room on the right hand side for a manual charger. A later version of a similar installation on the M2A1 Medium Tank included a telescopic sight, a shoulder stock, and external sight shield, as shown on Plate ll6 - l005. The two aft sponson mounts were used in conjunction with two deflector plates mounted over the rear fenders, intended for directing fire into foxholes.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1006
RIA 836 - 1104 697
BALL MOUNTS IN SPONSONS OF M2Al MEDIUM TANK Caliber . 30
RIA 876- 1970
M2A1 Medium Tank. SC123426
Included in the armament of the M2A1 Medium Tank of 1939 were these four corner cal. . 30 sponson mounts. Each cylindrical segment, barbette type, housing, with approximately 90 o traverse, incorporated a shielded ball mount with a cone of fire approximately 34 o . A split spherical housing externally bolted to the bar bette cylinder enclosed a ball and cradle assembly. The cradle included secondary trigger handle below the gun, an adjustable bracket for a telescopic sight with a full head rest on the left hand side of the gun, and a shoulder stock. The right side of the cradle included a traveling lock, with r oom for a manual gun charger. Externally fastened to the gun barrel was a shield with a small lipped aperture to protect the telescopic sight. Gun barrel travel limit brackets externally mounted on the tank hull prevented self inflicted damage. The two aft sponson mounts were used in conjunction with two deflector plates mounted over the rear fenders.
RIA 876-1979 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1005
RIA 876-1982 698
BALL MOUNTS, T26A LIGHT TANK, SOVIET
This Soviet 7. 7 ton light tank was built in 1930based on British des igns. Each turret used one 7. 69mm machine gun in a ball mount. In addition to the cone of fire of the ball assembly, each turret had a traverse of 265 o The Soviets also built an un- armed version, T26A Modified, which had a cylindrical turret in the right hand position.
The British tank from which this Soviet tank was copied is shown on 116- 1351.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1156
699
DIVISION I
SECTION 2
WORLD WAR II BALL MOUNTS During World War II, Japan and Russia were the only nations still using ball mounts located in tank turrets.
The other participants had, by this time, con-
fined the use of ball mounts to hull bow installations for forward firing only. A comparison of German and United States ball mounts of this period show
the continued use by the Germans of telescopically - aimed guns with auxiliary hand grips and trigger mechanisms.
A sub- cradle was used with a hook to hold
the rear lugs of the MG 34. In order to remove the gun, it was necessary to un lock the forward clamp, rotate the gun slightly to clear the rear hook, and pull aft. The United States ball mount generally fastened to the gun at the forward attaching hole and depended upon the barrel-sleeve mating in the cradle bracket hole for rigidity. To remove the Browning machine gun, it was necessary to re move the gun attaching pin and pull aft to clear the barrel.
701
D59830 BALL MOUNT Caliber . 30
24 o 14 o 14 o 14 o
Elevation Depression R. Traverse L. Traverse
REFERENCES: Dwg. 059830 P hoto RAPD 89 68 SNL A-55, Sec. 13 Used in 1942 on the M5 and M5A1 Light Tanks, this ball mount included a support assembly for an M1 cal. . 30 Ammunition Box below the gun. The hemispherical front shield, bolted to the ball- ended cradle, protected the hull mounted split ball housing. The short cradle, supporting a cal. . 30 Ml919 A4 Browning Machine Gun at the front mounting holes, was counterbalanced by an equilibrator spring assembly fastened to the ball housing. An open rectangular frame attached to the rear end of the cradle, back of the ammunition box support, held an expended case collection bag. Installed views of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1013. NOTE: The 067194 ball mount, cal. . 30 for recognition purposes was practically identical to the 059830 ball mount. It was used on the T17 armored car, which is shown on Plate 116- 1270. In that installation it had 16-1/2° elevation, 16-1/2° depression, and36° traverse. It was also used on some of the M5 and M5A1 Light Tanks (Ref. TM 9- 732, 1943) and M4 Medium Tanks. 067194 REFERENCES: Photos RAPD 21975 and 21976; SNL A- 55, Sec. 41 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1012
BOLT-BAOXICE~ .
'"~.n~
SCREW-A227770
'~ASHER-A293421
SEGMENT. 8201036 \ SH1ELD-C971 83
SUPPORT- 8226808 W ASHER . A293219 BRACKET- 0 59654
t
SCREW -A293~00
ASHER . A293218
BOLT- BAOXlCE
BALL A262032- -SPRING- A262031 -+ WASHER- BEAX2G- - -·L..!Illl
I
702
RA PD 9010
D59830 BALL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS Caliber . 30 Refer to ll6-1012 for details of D59830
RAPD 60205 M5Al Light Tank T27 81mm Mortar Carrier. DA 3034 This ball mount was used in the righthand bow of the M5 and M5A1 Light Tanks, and the T27 81mm Mortar Carrier. In these installations the co- driver had a periscope in his over-head hatch cover and a small vision porthole with a removable plug, either of which could be used for aiming with tracer fire. An M1 Ammunition Box cal. . 30 was carried below the gun in the support assembly of the gun mount. The combined weights of the ammunition, gun and ball mount were counterbalanced by an equilibrator spring assembly. REFERENCES: M5 Light Tank (1942) -Photo RAPD56310 - TM 9- 732 (19 43 ). SR 310- 20 - 4 (1951). M5A1 Light Tank (19 42) - DA 3186, RIA 945-8287, RAPD 60205, & TM 9 - 732(1943). T27 81mm Mortar Carrier - Photo DA 3034.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 013
M5A1 Light Tank Interior. DA 10833 703
D72084 BALL MOUNT, T17El ARMORED CAR I.NSTALLATION
·.. ' '' . ~
DA 10843 The components of the D72084 ball mount were similar to the mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1270. In the view above, the Browning Ml919A4 flexible cal. . 30 machine gun is locked in the traveling position. An ammunition supply box is supported below the gun, in back of the equilibrator spring. Additional ammunition boxes are adjacent to the assistant driver's seat. A replaceable periscope was used for aiming the tracer fire of the MG. Both the D72084 and the D32971 ball mounts were used on the Tl7El armored car.RAPD 308900 shows a model of the Tl7E2 with a ball mount externally similar. Later models of the T17E2 did not use a ball mount. Details of the combination mounts M24 and M24A1 used on the Tl7El car are given on Plate No. 116- 1269. An Ml9 combination mountwasusedfor this T17E1 car, as may be seen on the lubrication chart visible in RAPD 10841, shown above. However, nomenclature lists re viewed do not record this mount. The T17E1 armored car was built by the U.S. to British specifications, and underwent several modifications after being delivered. A listing of the armament changes is given on Plate No. 116- 1270. NOVILLE Plat e No. 116- 1316
704
RAPD 32357
D93884 BALL MOUNT Caliber. 30 T23 Medium Tank References: DA 3195 Tank No. 3. DA 5636 Tank No. 2. RAPD 77288. RIA 987 -11262 TM 9-734 (1944).
RAPD 59427
Used on the T23 Medium Tanks and essentially the same as the 6551070 Ball Mount; this ball mount uses an overhead hinged travel lock assembly and includes a spring mounting bracket and gun barrel seal assembly. REFERENCE: SNL A- 55, Sec. 39
A - SCREW - A227803 B - SH IELD - C97183 C- SEGM ENT - B201036 D- WASHER - 11 5548 E- SCREW - A227770 F - PLATE- A377501
F
G
j
~H @ li1IIIIIIC()
~J R
?
ll -
z L
CHAIN - SDBX2BC
S - SUPPORT- A397504 T - PIN - A397 512 U - PIN - 103378 V - CHA IN - SDBX1A W - PIN. ASS'Y -A3975 15 X - LATCH- B313054 Y - LINK - A397514 Z - _ROD - A227825 AA - STUD - A174958 BB - PIN - 103722 CC- RETAINER - A227826 DD - RETAINER- A227827 EE- SPRING - A227828 FF - SCREW - 215955
G - WASHER- 103321 H - BOLT - 223602 J - BOLT - 223601 K - .BRACKET- C97201 L - BALL- CCAX 1B M - SPRING - FAAX 1B N - PIN, ASS'Y - A 140167 P- RIVET - BMNX 1BA Q - HOOK - A2467 14
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1015
705
GG HH JJ KK LL -
WASHER - 103340 PIN - 103737 BRACKET - A246509 WASHER - 103320 NUT- 218564 MM - SUPPORT- A397505 NN - SEAL, ASS'Y - A397564 PP - SCREW-215915 QQ-WASHER-103319 RR - NUT'- 2 18563 SS - SEGMENT - B20 1035
RA PD 59428
6551070 (D51070) BALL MOUNT Caliber . 30 Components of this assembly are shown on Plate 116- 1143. 20 o 10 o 25 o 20 o
RAPD 22873A
Elevation Depression R. Traverse L. Traverse
This mount had the earlier designation of D51070. Ball Mount 6551070 includes a support assembly for an Ml cal. . 30 Ammunition Box structurally mounted adjacent to the gun. The exposed ammunition belt was fed directly to the gun without a feed chute. An external hemispherical front shield bolted to the ball ended short cradle protected the hull mounted split ball housing. The Ml919A4 cal. . 30 Browning Flexible Machine Gun was attached to the cradle at the front mounting holes, and counterbalanced by an equilibrator spring assembly mounted to the hull structure. A quick disconnect traveling lock, capable of being installed in several positions, was used in the rear gun mounting holes. Rod extensions on the cradle supported an expended cartridge case collection bag. The co- driver used tracer fire to aim the gun through his replaceable periscope. A direct vision slit with remote cover control was used on s ome of the earlier M4 and M4Al Medium Tanks, as shown on RAPD 12408, 14378, and 50328. Self inflicted damage was prevented by a gun travel limiting plate bolted to the upper ball housing segment. 6551070 or D51070 was used on: M4 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4A1 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4A2 Medium Tank M4A3 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M32 Series and T14El Tank, Recovery Vehicles 6551070 was used on: M4A4 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4E5 Medium Tank M4E6 Medium Tank D51070 was used on: M4A1 Medium Tank, Pilot, 75mm gun T5, T5E2, T5E3, T6El, Tank Recovery Vehicles ,, M36Bl 90mm Gun Motor Carriage 6551070 REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-55 Sec. ll(l952)(1944) Stock No. A055-6551070, ORD Part M32 Vehicle, Tank Recovery. No. 6551070. ORD 3 SNL A-1 Sec. 1(1952) D51070 REFERENCES: ORD 8 SNL A- 55 Sec. ll(l950)(1943)(1944). TM 9-2205(1952). NOVILLE Pial<' No. 116- 1017
706
6551070 (051 070) BALL MOUNT, COMPONENTS
A-SCREW- A227803 s- SHIELD- C97 183 c •-SEGMENT - 8201036 o- WASHER- 11 5548 E- SCREW- A227770 F- PLATE- A3267 44 G- WASHER- 10332 1 H- 80LT-223602 J- 8RACKET- 5597201
K- PIN, ASSY- 7070964 1- CHAIN- 42-C- 15120-2 10 2- HOOK- 5246714 3- PIN, ASSY-5265329 o-8ALL- 104916 b-PI N- 5265153 c- SPRING- 506552 'INCHES 4--SWIVEL- 7069687 5- HOOK- 7069688 L- RIVET- 505832 V- SCREW- 215935 M- ROD- A227825 N LOCK ASSY- A246 190 W- PIN- 505520 X- WASHER- I 03340 -1- 8LOCK- A246197 2- PIN- 505487 Y- 8RACKET- A246509 3--SPRING- A226628 Z-RETA INER- A227827 4--LEVER-A246 198 AA- SPRING-A227828 BB- STUD- 54921 1 P- NUT- A326700 CC- PI N- 505509 Q- CLI P- A246196 DD--RETAINER- A227826 R-SCREW- 424321 S- ROD- 8206708 EE- 80LT- 223600 T- NUT- 503344 FF'- SEGMENT- 8201 035 • Port of SEGMENT, ASSY- 5700275 U-CARR IER- 078045
RA
~D
152 175
6551070 Ball Mount - Exploded View Plate No. 116- 1017 provides views of these components as a ball mount a ssembly and as an installation in the hull of the M32 Tank Recovery Vehicle. The earlier version, 051070, differed in some component details . The individual housing segments were not interchangeable between the early and late versions of this mount. The major components of this mount a r e similar to those of the 09388 4 Ball Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1015. 6551070 REFERENCES: ORO 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 11 (1952) (1944) Stock No. A055 - 6551070 ORO Part No. 6551070 ORO 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952)
...
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1143
707
6576459 (D76459) BALL MOUN Caliber . 30 13 o Elevation 10 o Depression 28 o Traverse
RAPD 118029
ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952)6576459 designation. ORD 8 SNL A- 55, Sec. 46 (1949)D76459 designation. ORD 9 SNL A- 55, Sec. 46 (1949, 1950). SB 9- 1 (19 51, 1952). SR 310-20-4 (1951). MWO ORD A55 -Wl3, Wl5. TB 9-775 - 3
Stock No. A055 - 6576459. Ordnance Part No. 6576459.
This ball mount, originally designated D76459, wa~ used on the T24 Light Tank of 1944, later designated M24 Light Tank in 1944, as shown on Plate i16-1011. A hemispherical shield bolted to the cradle protected the hull mounted split ball housing. The short ball ended cradle supporting an M1919A4 cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun at the front mounting holes was counterbalanced by an equilibrator spring assembly fastened to the ball housing. An expended link chute and expended case bag were attached to the cradle. The rear mounting holes of the gun were used with a quick disconnect traveling lock assembly. MWO ORD A55 - W15 added a feedway lip for improved ammunition flow. ~- J
i
M
v
A8 C D E -
STUD- 549211 SWIVEL- n24072 SEAT-6259194 HOOK- 506882 PIN, ASSY- 6259189 1 2 3 4 S 6
- 8ALL- 104916 - SPRING- 506552 -CHAIN- 7051784 - BODY- 8259185 - HOOK- 506883 - RIVET- 505830
K -~ SEGMENT, MATED 1ASSY- 7051858 1 - SEGMENT- C1 14249 2 - SEGMENT- (114248 L - SHIELD- 5597183 M - SCREW- A227803 N - BALL- 5261337 P - NUT- 6259193 Q - NUT- 124925 R - WASHER- 138542 PISTON- 5261334 s - (SHOWN) OR { PISTON- 7051441 T - CYLINDER- 6262567 U - NUT- 5261333 V - BRACKET- 6575894 W - SEAT- 5261336 X - SPRING- 5261338 Y - WASHER- 138571 Z - SPRING- 6226405 AA - NUT- 120370 88 - WASHER- 120383
\
F G H J
-
SCREW- 124372 BOLT- 223600 WASHER- 120382 SCREW- 5342326 RA PO 11 8030
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1010
708
6576459 (D76459) BALL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS Caliber . 30
M24 Light Tank Interior. DA 11827
;p
M24 Light Tank. RIA 1006-14018 T24 Light Tank. DA 5558 View Showing Cal. . 30 Ammunition Feed Chute. This ball mount, detailed on Plate 116- 1010, was mounted in the starboard bow of the T24 and M24 Light Tanks. Ammunition was supplied through a flexible feed chute from a supply box to the left of the co- driver, who used tracer fire to aim the cal. . 30 gun through his periscope, shown above. T24 (later designated M24) LIGHT TANK REFERENCES: Photos DA 1825, 3197, and 5549; RAPD 331315 - TM 9 - 729- (1944). M24 LIGHT TANK REFERENCES: Photos RAPD 347020, 137718, & 331308G TM 9-729 (1951), TM 9 - 1729A (1944), TM 9-1729B (1945), TM 9-1729C (1947), & TM 9-2800-1 (1953). NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1011
709
7008929 BALL MOUNT Caliber. 30
RAPD 22873B
Equipped with Link Ejection Chute7761272, RAPD 152176, same as on Ball Mount 73 51999 and an expended case collector bag. This mount was used on the M4 Medium Tanks . When used with Spring Support Bracket A383021 instead of Bracket A246509 this ball mount was designated 7387769. Ball Mount, 7008929, previously designated D82255B and 7387770, was used on: M4 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4 Medium Tank, 76mm gun M4A2 Medium Tank, 76mm gun M4A2 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4A3 Medium Tank, 76mm gun M4A3 Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer M4A3 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer Ball Mount, 7387769, previously designated D82255A, was used on: M4Al Medium Tank, 75mm gun M4Al Medium Tank, 76mm gun BALL MOUNT REFERENCES: ORD 7 SNL A55 Sec. 42 (1952)(1944) - ORD 8 SNL A55 Sec. 42(1951)(1944) - RAPD 22873B, 59431A, 152176, & 22873A - Stock No. A955-7008929 - ORD 3 SNL A-1 .
A- SCREW- A227803 B- SH IELD--C97183 ' C-SEGMENT- B20 I 036 D- WASHER- 138538 E- SCREW- A227770 F- PLATE- A3267 44 G- WASHER-103321 H- BOLT- 223602 J- BRACKET--C9720 I K- HOOK- 506880 L-RIVET-505830 M- PIN, ASSY-AI40167 1- BALL- 104916 2-SPRING-506552 3-BODY- A23182 N- HOOK-A246714
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1016
710
7722940 BALL MOUNT· Caliber . 30
RAPD 8968B
Installed views of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1194. BALL MOUNT 7722940 REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-74 (1949) ORD 8 SNL A- 75 (1950) ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (19 52) Stock No. A074- 7722940 ORD Part No. 7722940 Photo RAPD 8968A
The major components of this mount are the same as Ball Mount D59830, shown on Plates 116- 1012 and - 1013. It differs in minor details such as the studs on the bag supports, the chain on the gun locking pin, and the method of equilibrator spring suspension. On D59830 the spring is suspended from the ball housing assembly, while on this mount the spring is mounted to the hull structure.
~==~ ~.,.....,
~-_...,. SCREW- A227803
PISTON- A262030 CHAIN- 5004 14 - - - - r
USED ON: Vehicle, Landing, Tracked, MK 4LVT(4), Photo RAPD 102164B. Vehicle, Landing, Tracked (Armored),MK 4, LVT (A)(4) - Photo RAPD354956A. Vehicle, Landing, Tracked (Armored1 MK 5, LVT (A)(5) -Photo DA 6468 (1945). SPRING-A262031--WASHER- 1 3 8 5 7 1 - -
VEHICLES REFERENCE: TM 9 -775, 1951.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1014
SEAT- A262026 - ---+ RA PO 9010A
711
7722940 BALL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
Caliber. 30
Details of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116 - 1014.
MK 5 LVT(A) (5) Interior..
PERISCOPES
RA PO 349871t1
Early Model Cab Used on MK 4 and 5 Tracked Landing Vehicles. GUNNER'S PERISCOPE
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1194
ESCAPE HATCHES
Late Model Cab used on MK 4 and 5 Tracked Landing Vehicles. 712
BALL MOUNTS IN M4 MEDIUM TANK SERIES Caliber . 30
(
•
RAPD 53616
M4A1 Medium Tank 75mm Gun DA 10889 A group of similar ball mounts, detailed on Plates 116- 1016 and 116- 1017, were used on Medium Tanks ofthe M4 Series and Tank Recovery Vehicles using a similar chassis, as listed on Plate 116-1018.
.30 CA
RAPD 311372 M3 2 Series Tank Recovery Vehicles
'·
-
---
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1019
DA 10781 713
BALL MOUNTS IN M4 MEDIUM TANK SERIES Caliber . 30
RAPD 14378 M4 Medium Tank, 75mm Gun DA 10797 A group of similar ball mounts, detailed on Plates 116 - 1016 and 116-1017, were used on Medium Tanks of the M4 Series, Gun Motor Carriages, and Tank Recovery Vehicles using a similar chassis, as listed below: M4 Medium Tank, 75mm gun, welded hull (1941), Ref. RAPD 14378, TM-731A (1941 & 1942) used Ball Mounts 6551070, D51070, 7008929, D83355B & 7387770. M4 Medium Tank, 76mm gun, used Ball Mounts 7008929, D83355B, & 7387770. M4A1 Medium Tank, Pilot, 75mm gun, used Ball Mount D51070. M4Al Medium Tank, 75mm gun, cast hull (1942) , Ref. RAPD 53617, 53616, 12408, 137776, DA ll395 - TM 9- 731A (1943) - TM 9-2BOO-l (1953) - SNL G-104, Vol. 11. Used Ball Mounts 7387769, D82255A, 6551070, D51070. M4A1 Medium Tank, 76mm gun, used Ball Mounts 7387769, D82255A, 7008929. M4A3 Medium ,Tank, 75 and 76mm guns, used Ball Mounts 7008929, D82255B, 7387770, 6551070. M4A3 Medium Tank, 75mm gun, welded hull(l942), Ref. RAPD 27485,329373, DA 4619, TM 9- 759 (1942, 43, 44), TM 9 - 2800-1 (1943), SNL G- 204, used Ball Mounts 6551070, D51070, 7008929, D82255B, 7387770. M4A3 Medium Tank, 76mm gun and 105mm Howitzer, used Ball Mounts 7008929, D82255B, 7387770. M4A4 Medium Tank, 75mm gun, welded hull (1942), Ref. RIA 946-8290, DA 6824, TM 731 B (1943), used Ball Mount 6551070. M4A4 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer, Ref. DA 3663 5, APG 76596, used Ball Mount 6551070. M4E5 Medium Tank, Ref. DA 553, used Ball Mount 6551070. M4E6 Medium Tank, Ref. DA 5353, 5361, used Ball Mount 6551070. M32, M32Al, M32A1Bl, M32AlB3, M32Bl, M32B3, M32B, and Tl4El (1942); Vehicles, Tank Recovery, Ref. RAPD 172698, 3ll372, TM 9 -2800 .. 1 (1953), SNL G- 185, SNL G-187, used Ball Mounts 6551070, D51070. T5 (1943), T5E2, T6E3: Vehicles, Tank Recovery, Ref. DA 10781, 651, 3099, 1796, used Ball Mount D51070. M36 90mm Gun Motor Carriage, Ref. RIA1010-21991, TM9-2800- 1(1953),used Ball Mount D51070 * M36Bl 90mm Gun Motor Carriage, Ref. RAPD 34705, used Ball Mount D51070. T7l 90mm Gun Motor Carriage, Later designated -M36Bl, Ref. TM 758 (19 44), used Ball Mount D51070. Additional installed views are shown on Plate ll6-1019. *SB9-l (1952) and TM 9-2800-1(1953) do not list Ball Mount supplied with this vehicle. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1018 714
BALL MOUNTS IN M4 MEDIUM TANK SERIES Caliber . 30
A group of similar ball mounts, detailed on Platesll6-l016and 116- 1017, were used on Medium Tanks of the M4 Series and Tank Recovery Vehicles using a similar chassis, as listed on Plate 116- 1018. Additional installations are shown on Plate No. 116-1019.
CROSS SHAfT
FLEXIBLE MOUNT
HEADLA/.\P LOCKING PIN
M4Al Medium Tank
M4A3 Medium Tank. RAPD27485
M4 and M4A1 Medium Tank.
--
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1020
715
CONTROl lEVER FOR DIRECT VISION COVER
TANK MACHINE GUNS, JAPANESE
'
-
''
'
·~
.....
7. 7mm Tank Machine Gun, Model 97 (1937)
sc
185667
This gas - operated, air- cooled, Brno (Bren) type machine gun was used in a number of the Japanese light and medium tanks. The ball- type mount was predominantly used for this gun. Installation of this machine gun can be found on the following plates: 116- 1425, 116- 1429, 116- 1432, and 116- 1433. REFERENCE: Enemy Ordnance Materiel, Vol. II, Japanese, Office of the Chief of Ordnance.
6. 5mm Tank Machine Gun, Model 91 (1931)
oco
This gas - operated, air- cooled, clip- fed tank gun was the Model 11 (1922) light machine gun modified for installation in tanks and other combat vehicles. REFERENCE: Enemy Ordnance Materiel, Vol. II, Japanese, Office of the Chief of Ordnance.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1453
716
BALL MOUNT
-CZECH
REFERENCE: APG Museum : ABROJOVKA BRNG. National Corporation 11 Arms Ammunition Accessories 11
This ball mount for the heavy MG Mod. 37 was designed for use in armored cars, either in the front wall or turret. Both the wall and turret gun mountings were similar in design in that they would be mounted in the spherical rest of the wall and the turret flange as well, the spherical rest being interchangeable. The turret gun mounting had no weight stop, auxiliary trigger or fixing lever. The front wall flange was smaller and was cut off. The turret gun mounting could be coupled with the vehicle's main gun by means of a drawbar. For sighting, a telescopic sight or standard MG sight was used. Wall type Elevation limits Field of observation Sphere diameter Weight of complete mounting Wall inclination
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1230
± 10° 25° 220mm 84.2 lb
717
Turret type
± 25° 25 ° 220mm 81.3 lb 10°
BALL MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, CZECH
The ball-mounted ZB machine gun shown above at high elevation was used on the light Czechoslovakian tanks L. T. H. The manually operated link belt loader resting on the deck of the tank was used for reloading ammunition in the reusable metallic flexible belt. The Czechoslovakian light tanks built by Skoda were captured by the Germans early in World War II, and their manufacture was continued in occupied plants, along with the ZB machine guns. These Czechoslovakian 10-ton tanks L. T. H., with the German designation Pz. Kpfw. 38(t) were the foreign tanks most used by the Germans as originally built and in many modifications, carrying various types of artillery.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1402
718
BALL MOUNTS, LIGHT TANKS, CZECH
The 360° rotating turret of this light tank was armed with a ball- mounted machine gun located to the left of the 37mm gun. An additional ball -mounted machine gun was used in the front hull.
The turret ball mount was retained in this modified tank, but the hull ball mount was removed. A disc of armor plate was bolted over the opening formerly occupied by the ball mount. I
This tank was armed similarly to the tank at the top. The hull section containing the ball mount is a full width straight slab on this model, whereas that ball mount on the tank above is housed in a protruding enclosure.
The open topped turretless light tank shown above was armed with a single ball mount in the front hull. The hull of this tank is the same as the turreted model shown at the left.
The Czechoslovakian ZB Model 53 - 1937 7.92mm machine gun was used in the ball mounts shown above. These ball mounts included gun barrel protecting troughs and had sighting apertures directly above the gun. From the twist noticeable in the view at the lower right it is apparent that an anti - rotation pin, such as shown on Plate ll6 - l033, was not included in this assembly. Additional data on these tanks is given on Plate ll6-1402.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1401
719
BALL MOUNT, Pz. Kpfw I LIGHT TANK, GERMAN
sc
Fixed turret ball mount installation. Kl. Pz. Bef. Wg. (Sd. Kfz. 265) Commander's Tank 5. 65 Tons 1934 - 1944
105/10 (1939)
The light tank shown above was from the Pz. Kpfw. I (Sd. Kfz. 101) series of light tanks, first used in the Spanish War. Based on the Model B chassis, it was the only version using a ball mount. Early models of this type used the Dreyse 7. 92mm MG 13K. Later models used the 7. 92mm MG 34. The Pz. Kpfw. I and Pz. Kpfw. II series of light tanks with rotating turrets didnot use ball mounts.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1329
720
-
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
Pz. Kpfw. III(Sd. Kfz. 141)Model L with 5cm. Kw. K39 (L/60) medium tank (1942) 22 tons. Models M and N use a ball mount with an external appearance the same as L. APG A46947
Pz. Kpfw. III(Sd. Kfz. 141) Models F, G, and H. With 5cm. Kw. K (L/42) Medium Tanks . Model F {1939) Models G and H (1941) 20 tons. Model J uses a ball mount with an external appearance the same as F, G, and H.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1048
....
721
APG A43185
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7 . .92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
sc
Pz. Kpfw. Tiger Model E (Sd.Kfz. 181) Heavy Tank 56 tons. 1942 - 1944
175669 (1943)
Pz. Kpfw. Tiger Model B (Sd. Kf z. 182) Heavy Tank 67 - 68 tons. 1943 - 1945 (Two turret models)
38 CM. R. W. 61 auf Stu. Mrs. Tiger. Sturmmorser Tiger 38 CM. Rocket Projector 61 assault howitzer on Tiger Model E chassis. 68 Tons. 1944
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1072
722
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K Z. F. 2
7. 5 CM. Stu. K. 42 (L/70) auf Pz. Jag IV. (Sd. Kfz. 162) Tank Destroyer, 1944, 28 Tons
APG A43176
7. 5 CM. Pak. 39 (L/48) auf Pz. Jag IV (Sd. Kfz. 162)Tank Destroyer, 1944.
The 7. 5 CM. Tank Destroyers shown above used a ball mounted MG 34, with the MG aperture protected when not in use by a movable conical cover.
8. 8 CM. Pak. 43/3 (L/71) auf Pz. Jag IV.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1080
723
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
S. Scm. Pak. 43 Pz. Jag. Panther J agopanther
APG A437S7 Tank destroyer
The S. Scm. Pak 43/3 (L/71 ) Pz. Jag. Panther and (Sd. Kfz. 173) Jagopanther of 1944, a 44 ton tank destroyer was externally the same with the exception of the main gun and main gun housing casting.
2cm. Flak. 3S auf Pz. Kpfw. IV Flak Pz. IF Wirbelwind
1943 Quad. Whirlwind
NOVfi,LE Plate No. 116-1047
724
APG A43172
AA,
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
Vehicles of the Panther series using ball mounts included: Sd. Kfz. 267 Commander's Tank Sd. Kfz. 268 Commander's Tank Pz. Berg. Wg. Armored Recon naissance vehicle, 1943 Model D of the Panther series did not use a ball mount. Pz. Kpfw. Panther (Sd. Kfz. 171) Models A and G. Heavy Tanks. 44 Tons. 1942 - 1945 Detail of Bow Installation of Ball Mount. APG A44146
Pz. Beob. Wg.Panther 0. P. instrumented observation tank, with ball mount installed in turret, next to a dummy main gun.
VK 3601 tank incomplete prototype 36 tons. 1941 (work discontinued).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1078
725
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS
Ball Mount on unfinished project, captured German Photo, C1945.
APG P14332 The mock- up of this tank destroyer included a ball mount in the super-structure on the same level as the main gun. This placement would have created an interference between the main gun barrel and the zone of fire of the machine gun. The MG 34 and telescopic sight K Z. F. 2 were probably planned for this installation.
VK 4502 (P). Porsche Type 180. Experimental Design in 45 Ton Class.
This tank, similar to the Tiger, was designed in 1942, but not produced due to the overhang of the 8. 8 CM (L/71) gun. A second version with the turret aft and engine forward was also designed but not produced due to a materials shortage. A ball mount similar to that used by the Tiger tanks would probably have been included in either design.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1082
726
MODEL 50 BALL MOUNT, GERMAN WORLD WAR II
APG A59591 (1949)
FMAR - 172
This German Ball Mount was used with the MG 34 modified caliber 7. 92 machine gun. It differed from the standard MG 34 in its use of a heavier barrel designed for tank use. Other versions of the MG 34 which were used in ball mounts were the MG 34-S and the MG 34-41. For more convenient operation of the weapon a secondary handgrip and trigger mechanism was located below and to the left of the regular pistol type grip of the MG 34. The manually operated gun charger stud was on the right hand side of the gun. The diaphragm-covered inverted saucer provided a headrest and assisted in positioning the gunner at his telescopic sight. This ball mount was a basic design used on many vehicles. Although developed after the gimbal-suspended ball mount shown on Plate No. 116-1044, both designs were used concurrently. Views of this basic German ball mount installed in various structural housings on different vehicles are shown on Plates 116-1046, -1047, -1048, -1072, - 1075, -1077, - 1078, - 1080, and -1 082. Either the K Z. F. 2 or the K. Z. F. 2+ cranked monocular moving eyepiece telescope was used with this ball mount. These telescopes had a magnification of 1. 75, were 14. 13" long, and weighed 7 pounds. The telescope nomenclature was as follows: T. Z. F. (Turmzielfernrohr) = Turret sighting telescope. K. Z. F. (Kugelzielfernrohr) = Ball mounting sighting telescope.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1043
-
727
MODEL 50 BALL MOUNT, COMPONENTS, GERMAN
View of Assembled Components. Additional views with the gun MG 34, headrest, telescope, and collector bag in place are· shown on Plates 116 - 1043, 116 - 1304, 116-1305, and 116-1307.
6
View of Disassembled Components. The major items are: 35
~ 36.
30 32
-===
29
l!e !h!tf!!htf!tffl lf
37 •
.. 9
34
'
--
11 ~-
12
10
1.
Front ball housing
•
2.
Hull mounting bolts.
~
13
16
-
28
.1.1s
....
14
17 ® 9
33
4. Internal ball housing.
18
19 1
T~ • 39
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1308
'
20--. 27
3. Lock ring.
21
•
22 ~
23
I
25 I • 26
728
5. Gasket
24
6.
Ball segment.
7.
Gun and sight cradle.
MODEL 50 BALL MOUNT, GERMAN WW II
Left hand side of assembly. Refer to Drawing on Plate 116- 1304.
Right hand side of assembly. Refer to Photo APG A59591 on Plate No. 116- 1043.
Gun MG 34 partially retracted. Refer to Drawing on Plate No. 116- 1043.
APG
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1307
729
lllUU!L
I
~u
YALL MouNT,
GERMAN
WW II
Stutzarm elfernrohr KZF2
Side View of Installation.
Abzugshebel
APG
The ball ended cradle assembly of this mount supported the gun by means of a frontbarrellockthat prevented rotationofthe gunand arear lock that engaged lugs on the gun. The support tube assembly that carried the rear locking handle also carried the headrest and the secondary firing trigger and handle. A support tube to which the eyepiece cushion of the KZF2 aiming telescope was attached was adjacent to the front barrel lock. An equilibrating tension spring was mounted between the cradle assembly and the vehicle structure to counterbalance the cradle and MG 34 assembly. A travel lock attached to the vehicle structure was provided above the gun. The ball end of the cradle was trapped within a two-piece housing. An internal housing segment was bolted to the external housing segment, and the external exposed hous ing segment was structurally mounted internally. An ahti -rotation pin was fixed in the housing and extended into a groove in the bottom of the ball segment to permit elevation and traversewithoutallowingrotation of the gun about its axis. The internal housing segment included a lubrication channel to the top of the ball segment. Additional views of this mount are shown on Plates 116- 1305 and 116- 1043.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1304 NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1308
730
-
MODEL 50 BALL MOUNT, GERMAN
Zurr6 o/~en
Bohrun fiir Po/Jschr Ju lle z um Gurtsackhallera /Jmc:n
Plan View of Installation
APG
The ball end of the cradle assembly had a gun barrel clearance hole and a sighting aperture. It had an integral flange to which was fastened the remainder of the gun cradle assembly. The telescope and machine gun used in this mount are shown on Plates 116- 1304 and 116- 1043. The gun locking lever "Klemmhebel" held the forward end of the MG 34 and the rear lugs of the gun were held by the double hook lock "Gabelstuck", which was operated by the knob at the end of the mount. Provisions for carrying an expended case collector bag were included on the support arm. A spring loaded hinged armor plate "Panzer Platte" was used to back up the offset telescopic sight. A quick-release hook directly above the hinged plate held it in a locked position when the telescope was in place.
NOVILLE Plat e No. 116- 1305
731
BALL MOUNT, T34 MEDIUM TANK, SOVIET
The external shield of this ball mount included an integral protection tube for the barrel of a 7. 62mm DT machine gun. The machine gun is not included in the views shown. This mount was fired by the radio operator, using direct vision for aiming.
These T34 tanks are late models, using an 85mm gun. Additional views and data are given on Plates No. 116- 1151, 116- 1198, and 116- 1300.
NOVILLE Pla te No. 116- 1301
732
BALL MOUNT, TURRET REAR, JSI, SOVIET
·.
The ball mount illustrated above was located off - center and at the rear of the 3 60 o rotating turret on the JS I Heavy Tank. It mounted the 7. 62mm DT Machine Gun. Judging from its placement the gun was evidently manned by the tank commander. The JS I was designed by Kotin in 1943. The vehicle was based on the hull of the KV/85 Heavy Tank and a new turret mounting 122mm gun with muzzle brake. It was first revealed in action in 1944. The vehicle shown above was evidently one of the early series of Stalin tanks. The JS II, the next Heavy Tank development of this series, is illustrated on Plate No. 116- 1162. The KV Heavy Tank from which these vehicles were derived is shown on Plate No. 116- 1144. Plate No. 116- 1298 shows the ball mount in the rear of a KV turret. Here the ball mount was positioned in the center of the turret rather than eccentrically as shown above.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1299
733
DIVISION I
SECTION 3
WORLD WAR ll GIMBAL SUSPENDED BALL MOUNTS This section presents a distinct type of ball mount, in which the gun cradle is actually pivoted on two sets of trunnions at 90° to each other so as to cause any point on the axis of the gun barrel to describe a spherical surface as the gun is moved in its cone of fire. Externally, such mounts appear identical to the normal ball mount; however, internally, they are entirely different and more complex in design. While both German and United States designs are illustrated, the Japanese also used a gimbal type ball mount. No data on this mount was available at time of issue of this edition.
735
MODEL 30
BALL MOUNT, GIMBAL SUSPENSION, GERMAN WORLD WAR II
APG 82968 (1943)
This gimbal- suspended mount used an MG 34 caliber 7. 92 machine gun. The exposed front plate supported a gimbal housing along the horizontal pivots . T he gimbal housing in turn supported a ball -faced gun and telescope support along the vertical pivots. The exposed front plate was used to install the complete a s sembly to the s uppor t ing structure of a vehicle by means of four exposed head bolts. A quick- disconnect fitting for rapid gun removal was included in this mount. It consisted of a gun- attached collar with interrupted threads that mated into an inte r rupted thread collar in the ball -faced gun support assembly and a lock. The view above shows the mount with the telescope r emoved. In this condition the telescope aperture was internally shielded by a hinged armor slab held in position by a latch. The hinged armor s la b wa s a tta ched to a t eles cope s uppor ting b racket that pivoted into position when needed. With the exception of the bolted front plate, this assembly externally appeared similar to the ball mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1043. Installed views of this gimbal - supported ball mount are shown on Plates 116- 1075 and - 1077. The MG 34 machine gun shown has the standard lightweight barrel. The heavy barrelled MG 34 machine gun modified for tank use could also be used. Early gimbal - mounted guns were sighted by the K. Z. F. 1 cranked monocular moving eyepiece telescope with a magnification of 1. 8. Later gimbal- mounted guns were sighted by the K Z. F. 2 or the K. Z. F. 2+ which had a magnification of 1. 75.
NOVILLE Plat e No. 116- 1044
736
MODEL 30 BALL MOUNT, GIMBAL SUSPENSION, GERMAN
2
~ o
20
21 ~~ 22
5 23
-
25
9
~ 10
L~ •
I
zq
8
12
~
r
13
:: t'
16
18
I
APG The components shown above are assembled to form a mount that presented the same external appearance as the mount shown on Plate No. 116 - 1044. The internal components, with the exception of the gimbal suspension, were similar to the mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1043. The MG 34 with a heavy barrel was used in this mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1313
737
BALL MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. IV, Sd.Kfz.161, GERMAN
The hull ball mount on the Model A of this series, shown to the left, had the same external appearance as the ball mount used on the tanks shown on Plate 116- 1075.
SC. Cs 105 - 15 The Tank Models Band C of the IV series did not use ball mounts in the hull. Models D and E, shown directly below, used gimbal suspended ball mounts such as detailed on Plates 116 - 1313 and 1304.
Pz.Kpfw. IV Model D with ball mount in front left hull.
ModelE with added armor over ball mount in hull.
Tank Models Fl, F2, G, H, and J used the ball mount Model 50, which is de tailed on Plates 116- 1043, 1304, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Additional data and listings of the combination mounts used on this series of tanks is given on Plate 116- 1418.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1077
738
GERMAN BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
Pz. Kpfw. III (Sd. Kfz. 141) Model A Medium Tank 18 Tons. 1939
Pz. Kpfw. III(Sd. Kfz. 141) Model B Medium Tank 18 Tons. 1939
The Pz. Kpfw. lli Medium Tanks used a 7. 92mm MG .34 with a K Z. F. 2 sighting telescope. Ball mounts in the early models of the Pz. Kpfw. III used a gimbal suspension. Pz. Kpfw. III Model D used a ball mount with an external appearance same as Models A and B. Pz.Kpfw. III Model C used a gimbal suspended ball mount in the hull, and a ball mount within the mantlet of the combination mount on the turret, as shown on Plate 116- 1311.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1075
739
D40771 BALL MOUNT, GIMBAL SUSPENSION Caliber . 30
RAPD 82849
Tracer aimed by the co-driver through either a direct vision slit or periscope, this mount was used on the M7 Medium Tank. Although similar in outward appearance to a typical ball mount, such as D59830 shown on Plate 116-1012, the gun is , differently suspended. A gimbal arrangement instead of a ball and s ocket joint is used. In the exploded view shown, pins "D" and "U" assembled to collar "V'' provide a set of pivots for the cradle assembly "C" within the structurally mounted housing "W". The mcternal shield "B" protected the cradle suspension housing. An ammunition box carrier and an expended case collection bag were attached to the gun cradle assembly. The forward mounting holes of the cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun were used for cradle attachment, and the rear mounting holes were used for a travel lock attachment. An equilibrator spring assembly, structurally mounted, counterbalanced the mount, gun and ammunition box assembly. 20° Elevation 10° Depression 25 o R. Traverse 20 o L. Traverse REFERENCE: SNL A-55, Sec. 23.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1025
740
DIVISION I
SECTION 4
WORLD WAR II FIXED BALL MOUNTS
Because of simplicity of design and low number of parts, variations of spher ical bearing ball mounts have been used for fixed gun installations where re quirements for bore sighting or alignment require flexibility in two planes of motion and rigidity in third plane. These are distinct from the semi- fixed mounts shown in Division P which only require flexibility in one plane of motion and rigidity in the other two. While the examples illustrated here are primarily sponson and other fixed mounts, these fixed ball mounts are readily suitable for coaxial gun mounts, container kits, and other external store installations.
741
BALL MOUNTS IN SPONSONS OF M2A4 1 AND M3 LIGHT TANKS Caliber . 30
A 845-2234
RIA 845 -2235 R. H. Mount
The pair of fixed ball mounts shown was used during 1940 in the sponsons of the M3 and M2A4 Light Tanks. The matching components perform the same function, but differ in configuration to suit installations requirements. A split spherical housing bolted to the sponson face plate encloses the ball end cradle for a remotely fired cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun. The rear end of the cradle is bolted to the sponson interior with a bore sight adjustment bracket assembly. Gun barrel protection covers were used at one time. (Referred to in Photo APG 40294). REFERENCES: M2A4 Light Tank (1940) LH Ball Mount: RH Ball Mount: M3 Light Tank (1940)
-
RIA TTM9-Q7, Photos RIA 845 series, Photos RAPD 42719 series, APG 40857(1940). Drawings D34927, D37935. Drawings D349295, D37981. . RAPD 4747, RAPD 2340, DA 1442, RIA 899 - 8284, DA 3193.
RIA 845 -2263 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1007
742
845-2265
BALL MOUNTS IN SPONSONS OF M3 LIGHT TANK
Caliber . 30
The Light Tanks, M2A4 and M3, utilized forward firing ball mounted cal.. 30 machine guns on their hull sponsons. The gun mounts were the 3- 1/2" ball mount detailed on Plate No. 116-1007. While the guns were electrically fired, no means for remote control of traverse or ele vation by the driver was provided. Each mount installation had bore sighting provisions within a limited range of manual adjustment in ele vation and traverse. On the later Light Tank M3A1, the sponson guns were omitted and the gun port holes welded over, as the utility of these guns was se verely limited.
M3A1 LIGHT TANK REFERENCES: RIA 899 - 8285 RAPD 14867
...
NOVILLE ·P late No. 116-1032
743
20MM BALL MOUNT, FIXED, AIRCRAFT BuOrd 300962
.
-
•
b
ASSEMBLY No. 504
ASSEMBLY No. 50 I ASSEMBLY No. 503
5 01 include s 3 , 4 , 5, 8 5 0 3 include s 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 S0 4 inc ludes 3, 4 , 5, 6 4 and 5
3
+
3009&2-7
3009&2-3·
Spherical Bearing Components
o--- ;u
i
--
AN- M1 Adapter, gun mount, Auto 20mm, AN- M2, Edgewater The 20mm aircraft gun AN- M2 with adapter AN- M1 was supported in either assembly 501, 503, or 504, which was fastened to the aircraft struc ture to provide a fixed forward mount with a limited range of motion to per mit a bore sighting adjustment at the aft mounting fitting assembly. These are lightweight mounts and are not intended to provide armor protection. Plate No. 116- 1007 shows a tank installation of a heavier armored ball mount for a cal. . 30 gun, performing the same function as this 20mm ball mount. REFERENCES: Aviation Ordnance Equipment Catalog, Navy Ordnance Pamphlet 865(4 May 1944) BU ORD Drawing 328016 TM 9- 227 (1943) Army Ordnance Drawing D36592 AAF Drawing 41D10198
NOVILLE Plat e No. 116-1030
744
DIVISION I
SECTION 5
POST-WORLD WAR II BALL MOUNTS
This section presents the ball mounts developed and used by the United States based on the battle experience gained in World War II. The radical increase in armor thickness which also grew out of battle expe rience greatly increased the ball mount attaching problem. In order to maintain an adequate cone of fire, an increasingly larger diameter opening was required for gun clearance as the armor was increased. This opening was a discontinuity in the armor structure which greatly lowered the ballistic protection obtained from the armor. With elimination of the co-driver, the bow mount was eliminated and thus, on the latest series of United States tanks, no ball mounts are used.
745
SP - 4500 BALL MOUNT, WEIGHT BALANCED Caliber . 30
APG A33247 Developed in 1945 and installed in place of Ball Mount D82255 (shown on Plate No. 116- 1016), this experimental weight balanced ball mount eliminated the internal equilibrator spring assembly, but increased the visible external projection of the bow mount assembly. The cone of fire was increased from approximately 40° to 52°, subject in both cases to structural limitations, but with accuracy remaining the same. This program was canceled prior to completion (OCM Item 28799). Report APG 5657-44 (1945) notes that this mount was easier to manipulate than the spring counterbalanced mount, which was inherently unequal in equilibration. The counterweight exposed tube also provided protection for the gun barrel, a feature that had been dropped after being used on early vehicles. REFERENCES: APG A33248, A27489
APG A27490 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1026
746
7058104 BALL MOUNT, MODIFIED Caliber . 30
APG A27393, 27394
APG 26434
Modifications to Ball Mount 7058104 (similar to the mounts shown on Plates No. 116- 1016 and - 1017) based on European operations during 1945 resulted in the pilot model mount shown above. The revisions consisted of tilting the Ammunition Supply Box 20 o, eliminating the Flexible Feed Chute 7021518, adding a modified Ammunition Feedway Guide B183406 (later designated 6183406, shown on Plate No. 116-1023), substituting a larger expended case collection bag, and switching the gun lockip.gpin tothe right hand side, all as noted in APG 6009 - 7 (19 45). A typical fording boot arrangement for ball mounts is shown below. A later version of this mount, 7722408, is detailed on Plate 116-1021.
DA 6388
DA 15319
DA 15320
This experimental ball mount was used only on the M26 Heavy Tanks.
...
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1027
747
7722408 BALL MOUNT· Caliber . 30
RAPD 117647
rr-
SCREW- A227770 WASHER- 115548
Incorporating the tested features of the previous related ball mounts, used in World War II, and shown on Plates ll61017, 1016, 1015, 1014, 1012, and 1010, this ball mount with an Ml919A4 Flexible Browning cal. . 30 Machine Gun was used on medium tanks. The next ball mount development, 7351999, is shown on Plates ll6 - 1023 and 1024.
RA Po 11 7649A
An external hemispherical shield bolted to the ball ended short cradle protected the split ball housing that was mounted to the hull structure. The cylindrical gun barrel tube of the cradle eliminated the use of a separate seal such as shown on Plate ll6 -l015. An attached ammunition feedway member was used to guide the exposed free belt of cal. . 30 ammunition from an M1 Ammunition Box carried in an adjacent bracket assembly mounted to the hull structure. An equilibrator spring mounted to the structure counterbalanced the mount. An expended link chute, expended case collection bag and traveling lock completed the installation.
7722408 BALL MOUNT REFERENCES: ORO 8 SNL A- 78 (1950) ORO 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1 (1952) Stock No. A078-7722408 RAPD 117646, 115908, 121647 USED ON: T40 Medium Tank M46 Medium Tank M46E1 Medium Tank
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1021
M46A1 Medium Tank
748
M45 Medium Tank M26 Medium Tank M2 6A1 Medium Tank
7722408 BALL MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS Caliber . 30
M45 Medium Tank RIA 1082 -19718
M46 Medium Tank(Korea) DA 9677 Using tracer fire, the co-driver aimed the bow mounted gun through his hatch cover periscope. Details of this mount are shown on Plate 116-1021. GUNNER'S SEAT AND fOOT
.50 MACHINE GUN AND MOUNT
..w.---- CAL. .SO MACHINE GUN TRAVELING CliP .!!.+-- - - - RADIO (SCR-528) ANTENNA BASE
~cl~~bf~~~~~~~~~~
fiXED fiRE-EXTINGUISHER
CYliNDEI"-
HYDRAULIC TRAVERSING ELECTRIC MOTOR
CAl. .SO MACHINE G UN STOWAGE BRACKET
90-MM AMMUNITION STOWAGE BUlKHEAD
MEDIUM TANK M26, SECTIONAL ELE VATION
bn
7722408 BALL MOUNT INSTALLATIONS TANK REFERENCES: T46 Medium Tank, later designated M46. M46 & M46Al Medium Tank, "General Patton~~_ (19 49) 90mm gun- DA24366, RAPD 172661, TM 9 - 718 (1949, 1951), TM 9 -2800- 1 (1953). M45 Medium Tank, 105mm Howitzer - RIA 1083 -19717, TM 9 - 735 (1948). M26 & M26Al Medium Tank, 90mm gun- RAPD 353903, 137813, TM 9 -735 (1948), TM 9-2800-1 (1953). 749 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1022
RA PD 353907
-
\____'
7351999 BALL MOUNT Caliber . 30
RAPD 147432 REFERENCES: ORD 9 SNL A-90 (19 52) RAPD 147435 - Link chute and t raveling lock details.
Derivedfrom 7722408 and earlier related ball mounts, as noted on Plate No. ll6- 1021, this mount incorporates an improved shield and cradle. The external lipped shield protecting the hull mount split-baU housing is threaded for attachment to the screw tip of the ball ended gun cradle instead of being bolted. As in earlier models, the Ml919A- 4 flexible cal. . 30 Browning Machine Gun is fastened to the cradle at the forward mounting holes by a quick disconnect pin assembly. The installation includes an expended case collection bag, expended link chute, equilibrator spring, travel lock, and feedway guide assembly 6183406 for exposed belt ammunition supplied from an adjacent box.
PIN- 505520
,,uM'Js'1''''~ '9
USED ON: M47 Tank, 90mm gun, shown on P late No. 116- 1024.
NOVILLE ·Plate No. 116-1023
RflAINE.II:- 70581.53
750
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7351999 BALL MOUNT, INSTALLATION Caliber . 30
M47 Tank, 90mm Gun. DA 28071
This bow mount was tracer aimed by the co driver through his hatch cover replaceable periscope. Plate No. 116- 1023 includes details and description of the assembly. The ring surrounding the ball mount aperture was used to attach a fording boot. The added front plate, shown to the left, was for simu lating loaded weight condition, and was not a permanent part. M47 Tank DA 30629.
..
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1024
751
BALL MOUNT, M44(T16) ARMORED UTILITY VEHICLE
BOW GUNNER'S DOOR
DA 14764 DA 14773 Installation in T16 Armored Utility Vehicle. In these installations the cal.. 30 Ml919A4 flex. Browning Machine Gun was ball- mounted in the bow gunner's compartment at the right front of the hull. The gun cradle was mechanically connected to a Polaroid reticle sight by a linkage which operated in direct relation to the movement of the gun. The ball segment assembly 7098993 and shield 7098618 were used in this installation. The 7098935 holder, sus pended below the gun cradle, carried a cal. . 30 ammunition box M1, and an expended case collection bag was suspended directly aft of the holder. A list of parts for the complete installation is given in: Notes on Materiel, Armored Utility Vehicle T16 (M44) May 1947.
DA 7333 Installation in M44 A. U. V. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1376
752
DIVISION I
SECTION 6
UNARMORED BALL MOUNTS
This section covers lightweight ball mounts in which the spherical socket segments were used only to provide a flexible suspension and were not intended to provide ballistic protection. The tripod application, Plate 116 - 1654, is unique with respect to weapon mountings. Here, the internal ball member was a part of fixed tripod structure with the weapons carried on the external or socket member. While such a mounting has been long used for photographic and astronomical mounts, it has never been applied to vehicular weapon mounts. The aircraft applications illustrated provided an excellent closure against the slipstream in addition to the weapon flexibility.
-
753
K - 2A BALL MOUNT Caliber . 30
a A
era a a b b 6 Q
Q
0
0
Q
K-2A, C- 18, and A- 3 assembled for use with magazine holder Type A- 1
Sight, Open Fore Post, Type A- 9 used with sight, open ring, Type L - 2. The Ball and Socket Joint K-2A in this lightweight mount was for flexible support of the cal. . 30 gun and was not intended to provide armor protection.
Mount, gun, ball and socket, type K-2A Stock No. 1- M- 818 - 260 . AAF Owg. 41B10360. Weight 4. 5 pounds.
The skin mounted split housing enclosed a ball segment that carried the short cradle assembly C - 18, which could be used as shown below, with large capacity ammunition supply boxes. The addi tion of A3, as shown above, permitted the direct attachment of magazines Type L -4, L - 7, Mark 1 or Mark 7 into Holder, Ammunition Box Type A-1. Gun, BAM - 30, M2, Flexible, with manually operated charger was used in this ball mount. REFERENCES: Aviation Ordnance Equipment Catalog Ordnance Pamphlet 865 (4 May 1944).
Ball Mount K-2A and adapter C - 18 used together for installations with structurally supported ammunition supply box.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1029
754
Adapter, assembly, gun mount, type C - 18 Stock No. 1- A-104- 340. AAF Owg. 41011020. Weight 1. 8 pounds.
Mount, Ammunition box, Type A- 3, Stock No. 1- M-818-150. AAF Dwg. 4005858. Weight 1. 5 lbs.
K-4 BALL MOUNT Caliber . 50
The Ball and Socket Joint K4 in this lightweight mount was for flexible support of the cal. . 50 gun, and was not intended to provide armor protection. The skin mounted split housing enclosed a ball segment that carried a cradle assembly consisting of a hydraulic recoil absorbing mechanism E - ll and a connecting adapter C- 19. The cradle assembly included mounting provisions for an ammunition box holder. When used with 30 round capacity Box Assembly, Ammunition, Type 0- 1, a mount assembly ammunition box, Type C- 2, was required. For continuous ammunition flow a swivel feedway attachment was used (shown above).
Mount, Gun, Ball and Socket, Type K- 4 Stock No. 1- M- 818 - 550. AAF Drawing 42Bl9084 Socket Flange, 5. 9" Dia. - Ball, 4. 1" Weight 3. 5 pounds.
Gun, BAM - 50, M2, Basic, with a manual charger was used in this mount. Ring and post sights used with cal. . 50 installation were: Sight, Open Fore Post, Type A-ll, together with Sight, Open Rear Ring, Type B-13; or Sight, Open Fore P ost, Type A-5, together with Sight, Open Rear Ring, Type B-11; or A-5 modified together with B-11 modified.
REFERENCES: Aviation Ordnance Equipment Catalog, Navy Bureau of Ordnance Pamphlet 865 (4 May 1944).
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1028
755
Adapter, Assembly, Gun Mount, Type C- 19 Stock No. 1- A- 104-350 AAF Dwg. 42D19090 Weight 2. 0 pounds.
Adapter, Assembly, Gun Mount, Type E-ll Stock No. 1-A-104-450 AAF Drawing S42D5223 Weight 11. 7 pounds AAF Tech. Order ll-10- 7.
BALL SUSPENSION AA TRIPOD MOUNTS Caliber .30 BAR & BMG
APG 15935 (19 22) Single M1918 BAR arrangement. APG 15932 (1922) Twin M1918 BAR arrangement.
Single M1918 Cal. .30 BAR Arrangement.
APG 15936 (1922)
Twin M1917 Cal. .30 BMG Arrangement.
APG 15947 (1922)
REFERENCES: APG 15943 and 15944, Single M1917 Cal. .3 0 BMG Installations. 756
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1654
BALL MOUNT, 10. 5cm ROCKET LAUNCHER, GERMAN
Assembled view of ball joint in tripod ground mount
APG
---
Detail of components dis -assembled for transportation
APG
This ball- joint mount was used in a German World War II anti - tank rocket launcher development. A spherical collar segment, attached to the outside of the launching tube, was retained within the pintle assembly of the tripod. Two concave bearing pads on the inside arms of the "U" shaped portion of the pintle held the convex surface of the launching tube collar. A lever, on the right hand side of the pintle assembly below the contact pads, operated a vise- like arrangement to squeeze the inside arms. This provided a quick disconnect for assembly and disassembly of the launcher campo nents. By varying the pressure on the arms the ball joint could be locked tight or held loose to permit flexible aiming of the tube. A carrying strap buckle on the pintle limited depression to about 20 °, while elevation was about 45 °. Traverse of the tube within the ball joint was limited to about 40°. Additional unlimited traverse was available in the pintle stem and tripod base joint.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1049
757
DIVISION J CONTAINER MOUNTS Contents Section 1-----Weapon Containers for Tanks Section 2 Weapon Containers for Aircraft Discussion Remote controlled externally carried weapon containers are included in this section. Complex, remotely controlled mounts of the type used in modern aircraft have not proven practical in vehicular a p p 1 i cations to date. The container mounts, with varying degrees of remote control, portray the first stages of the present trend to develop unmanned secondary weapon mounts suitable for vehicular use. These examples range from fixed forward firing systems to manually, remotely aimed devices with limited flexibility. The vehicular containers include a certain amount of armor protection, but the aircraft containers are unarmored and of lightweight construction. Many of the requirements for both applications are the same, such as remote controls for firing and charging, the necessity for inclusion of the weapons with a maximum of ammunition within a small space, and the requirements for rapid servicing. Power aimed, remotely controlled containers, or unmanned turrets are not within the scope of this division. The recent elimination of the assistant driver and consequently the bow mounted machine gun, which had been generally used on gun tanks, reduced the
759
forward machine gun firepower available from a particular tank. It was felt that this reduction of firepower would seriously hamper tank- infantry operations because of the tactical importance of the bow mounted machine gun for "marching fire" in keeping opposing infantry under cover. During World War II, even with bow mounted guns, efforts were made to augment forward firepower for tankinfantry operations.
Later, with the elimination of the bow mount, development
effort was further intensified to compensate for this reduction in firepower by the utilization of external gun packages or auxiliary mounts in the form of turret sponson kits, fender kits, etc. During World War II several externally-packaged machine gun containers were developed to increase the forward firepower of the U.S. aircraft. These packages were also complete systems. They were remote controlled, electrically operated packages suspended from standard external bomb racks or installed in blisters. German aircraft in this same period had their armament augmented with similar machine gun "clusters" in open framework supports for ground strafing purposes.
Originally, the U.S. containers mounted single guns
of the caliber . 50 size. However, as combat experience indicated the desirability of such augmented firepower, dual and triple caliber .50 gun containers were developed as well as single and twin 20mm units. Several experimental installations of externally mounted machine gun packages on combat vehicles were attempted in the post war period. One such installation on the turret of the T41 tank utilized outboard mounted elliptical containers fed from an internal ammunition supply and internally controlled in elevation. The remotely controlled fender kit illustrated on Plate 116-1757 was
760
tried on the fenders of the M26 Medium Tank.
Later developments were the
self-contained boxes carrying a fixed single caliber .30 machine gun as illustrated in Plates 116-1755 and the traverse type kit shown in Plate 116-1805. At the Tripartite Conference on Armor it was agreed that in view of the Korean combat experience there was a definite requirement for a driver-operated bow mount. However, in light of the elimination of the bow gunner in the modern series of tanks, it was considered desirable that auxiliary kits mounted on fenders in fixed positions be utilized for augmenting firepower. While no recommendation was made for remote control of the guns in elevation and traverse, it was noted that increased dispersion was desirable in order to give a better target coverage.
761
DIVISION J
SECTION 1
WEAPON CONTAINERS FOR TANKS
These include machine gun containers with fixed forward firing only; containers with remote limited elevation and limited traverse control; containers with limited elevation and unlimited traverse control; and containers with automatic limited traverse only. The containers with fixed forward firing, shown on Plate 116-1755, provided essentially the same features as the fixed ball sponson mounts shown on Plate 116-1032 in Division I, Section 4. Both those early fixed sponson mounts and these later fixed container mounts were discarded after initial trials as being too limited in usefulness.
763
FENDER KITS, SINGLE CAL . . 30 GUN CONTAINERS The fender kits illustrated on Plate 116-1755 were self-contained, armored boxes mounting an M1919A4 caliber .30 machine gun, 680 rounds of ammunition, pneumatic charger, firing solenoid, and air supply. Right and left hand containers were supplied, controlled by the driver by means of a firing control box. Gun charging was selectively operated but both guns were fired from a single firing switch. Since the M1919A4 gun was used, the ammunition could be fed only from the left side. This severely limited the design of the box mechanisms. While right and left hand boxes were identical, special feed chutes and ejection chutes were required for each side mounting. The firing solenoid was particularly limited by the requirement that the trigger firing type be employed. Ammunition was stored in both containers on the right side and led through chuting across the gun to the left side. Empty cases and clips were discharged through separate chutes at the bottom edge of the left side of the box. Adjustments for bore sighting were provided in azimuth and elevation at the rear trunnion. A separate adjustment positioned the solenoid to compensate for changes in clearance due to the boresighting adjustments. The air bottle for pneumatic charger allowed approximately 24 effective charges . The charging could be accomplished at the control box or by a manually charging button at the container. Ammunition capacity was approximately 680 rounds. These units were tested by Army Field Forces and Aberdeen Proving Ground; the APG Report (TT2-725/1) noted thatthe kits were installed on M46El, T41E1, and T42 tanks for firing and durability tests. They concluded that the fender kits of this type were unsatisfactory for directing machine gun fire at any specific target, but could be used for general area fire assuming uniform terrain and recommended that further development of external machine gun armament of this type incorporate elevation adjustment in order to compensate for vehicle pitching . Army Field Forces Board 2 Report, Project No. 1593, in their analysis of the test results, noted that while such fender mounted gun augmented the firing power of the tank, firing at the halt from such fixed guns was not ideal and maneuvering of the tank to bring the gun on target was not desirable. It was felt that the development of kit mounts should be continued with further tests conducted and that consideration be given to obtain kit mounts incorporating a variable preset horizontal dispersion feature for test and evaluation. In testing these kits, failures to feed due to excessive ammunition belt pull
were encountered. During the endurance firing of 2100 rounds for each auxiliary kit 31 failures to feed due to excessive belt pull occurred in the left box and 29 in the right box.
NOVILLE Plate No. ll6- 1755T
764
FENDER KITS, SINGLE CALIBER .30 GUN CONTAINERS
y - 725 (1951)
Chrysler An M1919A4 caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun with a supply of 680 rounds of ammunition was used in this ar mored box. The right and left hand boxes were identical, with special chutes installed in the right hand fenders for case and link ejection. Tests of these fender kits mounted on a T41E 1 76mm tank were reported on in AFFB No. 2, Project NR 1593 (1953 ).
9 Omm Gun Tank T42 with pair of Fender Kits. APG A75330 (1952)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1755
P - 1593 Ft. Knox T41El Tank.
765
FENDER MOUNTED SINGLE CAL .. 30 GUN CONTAINER, REMOTE CONTROLLED The remote control, single caliber .30 gun container shown on Plate 116-1757 was developed as a means of eliminating the hull bow gun opening. It was designed to be operated by the assistant driver using tracer fire control and was located outboard of the hull over the right front portion of the track. The machine gun was enclosed in an armored box for protection against blast and firing. A cable type charger was led from the gun through a pulley system into the hull . It is shown installed in an M26 Medium Tank and was capable of approximately 54 o total traverse and 32° total elevation. This was in excess of the area fire capable of being obtained from the bow gun then in use on the M26. As in practically all developments of this type, most of the operating difficulties and deficiencies found during test, reported in APG5676/ 49, were due directly to the limited space available for ammunition chuting and mounting of the mechanism itself. The machine gun was of the M1919A4 type which required feeding from the left only. The use of this gun thus limited the mounting position of the container to that of the right fender of the tank. As noted earlier, the primary problem lay in the interior installation with the limited space available. The ammunition chuting and feed system interferred with the periscope elbow when the co-driver's hatch was closed. In addition, the handlebar of the elevation control interferred with the steering levers. Operation of the gun and utilization of tracer fire for sighting was evidently satisfactory, since no deficiencies were noted. The APG Report 5676/49 recommended that remotely controlled machine guns of this type should receive further consideration for development with at least one such weapon available to the assistant driver and, if possible, the weapon should be power controlled, equipped with fire interrupters, and tied by linkages to the periscopic sight.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1757T
766
REMOTE CONTROL SINGLE CALIBER . 30 GUN CONTAINER The ammunition supply, traverse and elevation controls and the firing controls of this mount were located inside the M26 heavy tank hull. The fender mounted gun assembly was capable of 24 o right hand, 30° left hand traverse; 20.5° eleva tion, and 11.5 o depression.
APG A37351
Installation on M26 Heavy Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1757
APG A35858 (1946) 767
AUXILIARY TURRET KIT SINGLE CALIBER . 50 CONTAINER, REMOTE CONTROL EXTERNAL COAXIAL INSTALLATION This project was cancelled prior to completion in favor of the T121 Twin MG Mount, shown on Plate 116-1603, being developed at the same time.
APG A26962 (1945) Incomplete Project. On T25E1 Medium Tank Turret.
DA 2425 (1945) Mock- up.
References: DA 2420, 2421, 2423. OCM 28799 (1945) APG 5676/46 (1946). Dwgs. CG-D-159, Sheets 1 & 2. Traverse for this mount was ot tained by rotation of the rna] turret, and elevation was ot tained by elevation of the rna] gun. The linkage for elevatic was so arranged that there wa no multiplication, permitting tt use of existing sighting, and j effect making this mount an e21 ternal coaxial installation. It was originally designed for the M4 MediUJ
DA 2424 (1945) Mock-up. NOVILLE Plate No.' 116-1756
Tank, and was intended to carry 3 50 rounc of cal. . 50 ammunition. Provisions wei included for also using the cal. .30 gun. 768
FENDER KITS, SINGLE MACHINE GUN CONTAINERS
• Additional details of these kits are shown on Plates 116- 1803 and 116- 1804.
/
I
'
-
G.O.N. 71167 (1954)
I
113 - 001 L. H. Kit R. H. Kit 113 - 002 Firing Switch 113 - 302
This kit incorporated a variable preset horizontal dispersion mechanism that moved the gun up to a maximum of 10 -: . The gun was fanned back and forth one complete cycle for every 100 rounds fired, at a rate of approximately 10 seconds per cycle. The ammunition capacity of each container was slightly in excess of 500 rounds, per mitting a total of five cycles. The dispersion drive mechanism consisted of a gun actuated, spring buffered, re coilfng sub-cradle assembly containing a pawl that turned a ratchet wheel and worm assembly on the pivoted main cradle. The worm driven gear assembly included a ro tatable crank arm with a roller that swung this entire cradle assembly about its for ward pivot as the gear was rotated, driving the roller forward and aft within a fixed track at the bottom of the box. An adjustment was provided for changing the length of the crank arm to provide a dispersion motion from 0 ., to 10 r- as des ired. Standard quick disconnect locking pins A188030 and A176083 were used to secure the M37 (formerly T-153) caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun in the recoiling subcradle assembly. This gun was used since it incorporated provisions for either right or left hand feed. The kit mounting brackets were provided with bore sighting adjustments , with a range of 40 mils azimuth, 10 mils depression, and 20 mils elevation. A single remote - firing control box electrically operated a pneumatic charging system and the standard gun firing solenoid B7354149 in each of two fender mounted gun containers . Firing of the individual guns was indicated to the operator within the tank by lights on the charging switches. The container was 7-5/8 inches high~ 15-3/8 inches wide, and 26 - 1/2 inches long. With the gun barrel protruding approximately 19-3/4 inches. Mounting brackets ext~nded 2-5/6 inches aft and 2--1/4 inches forward, and at maximum bore sight eleva han occupied 1/2 inch between the box bottom and fender top. REFERENCES: Contract No. DA-20-089-0RD-36596. GON Report 193 (1954). NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1805 769
FENDER KITS, CAL. . 30 SINGLE GUN CONTAINER, MAJOR COMPONENTS
Forward is toward the left in both views shown. The pneumatic cylinders, the M37 machine guns, and the caliber .30 ammunition have been removed for observation of the traversing mechanism.
G.O.N. 71165 (1954) These kits are shown prepared for installation on Plate 116-1805, and details of the gun installed are shown on Plate 116- 1803. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1804 770
FENDER KITS Caliber .30 M37 Machine Gun Containers
Additional de tails of these kits are shown on Plates 1161804 and 1161805.
R.H. Kit 113 - 002 L.H. Kit 113 - 001
G.O.N. 71162 (1954) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1803
G.O.N. 71166 (1954) 113 -302 Firing Switch
Kits shown with covers removed 771
G.O.N. 71163 {195 4)
DIVISION J
SECTION 2
WEAPON CONTAINERS FOR AIRCRAFT
Fixed forward firing remotely controlled gun containers are included in this section. These were secondary weapons, being suspended in place of other external stores normally carried in bomb racks.
773
MARK I MOD.O SINGLE CALIBER GUN CONTAINEJ 1944
/
/
Complete assembly with M2 Browning Caliber . 50 aircraft machine gun.
Container with nose cone, tail cone and doors removed, sus pended in bomb rack.
The general arrangement of this container is s ho~ on Plate 116- 1781 and the major components are d1 tailed on Plate 116- 1780. Containers of this type were developed early durir World Warn to increase the forward fire power 1 U.S. aircraft. These were complete packages, elec trically fired, that could be jettisoned in an eme1 gency. Some German aircraft of this period wet equipped with open frame work supports with clustei of machine guns for ground strafing. REFERENCE:
HMC 020 Handbook of Instructions. Gun Container MK 1 MOD. 0 (1945) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1783
774
-
View of internal components with doors removed. LOOSE PARTS TO U t • \ U H t OO
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ASSEMBLY 439214
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EX.t.MINED
DATE
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NAVY OEPARn4ENT, Wo1\SHINGTOH, D. C.
,
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NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1780
REVISION
NUMBER D.ATE
775
BUORD. DWG. N!!.
461342
THIS I LLUSTRAT fON IS fOR GENERAl INfURUATION ONLY. fOR SPECIFIC ENGINEERING DATA REfER lO ENG. O'MiS LISTED A80VE .
MARK I MOD. 0 SINGLE GUN CONTAINER, GENERAL ARRANGEMENT .50 CALIBER SIN GLE GUN CONT AIN ER MARK! MOD.O
.. lb
STATI ON
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lll.H. DOOR 44UOZ
STA. 11.41
WEIGHT EMPTY 350 RND S. AMMO. -
165.0LBS. 108· 8 L BS.
TOTAL WEIGHT
2 73. 8LBS.
C.G. LOADED - 9 .4" AFT !( FRONT SUSPENSION HOOK C.G. EMPTY-
0 .2"AFT HOOK
4_
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QUICfC IWSCONN!CT
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MARK I
MOD. O SINGLE
5 0 CA L. GUN CONTAIN ER COMPONENTS
CHARG[R A!SEW. I IUQ. RH.
GUN PREPARED FOR INSTALLATION VI EW S \
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AH S0 2 - I0- 4 SCREW 2 ft[O. AC t9S • 3 2- S WlfU I ft [Q, 4 4 1 1 1 t ADAPT[ft ASSEN. I ft[Q .
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. OlHOT l l LOOil ,AftTI I H"'l0 IN
COHTAIHll. 4Stl14 'Oft INSTALLATION
Other views of this container are shown on Plates 116- 1783 and 116- 1780. 776
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1781
ELECTRICAL FIRING CONTROLS FOR
CONTAtNU 4392 14 WOU HT£0 ON Ul BOWB RACK
MARK 1 MOD. 0
SINGLE CALIBER. 50 GUN CONTAINERS
TO MASTER SWITCH
26 V POWER
\__ CABLE
1
7
CABLE •6
CHARGE MOTOR
FIRING SOLENOID
BOOSTER 4 ~~2
Details of the container are shown on P late 1161780. HOHS 1 l. H AN D _. H
CONU.IN[JIS IOUUICAL
ELEC. INSTALLAT I ON
D IAGRAM FOR TWO MARK SINGLE GUN CONTAINERS
MOD. 0
CAL . 50
COMPLETE WIRING DIAGRAM FOR TWO MARK 1 , MOD. 0 CAL. .50 SINGLE GUN CONTAINERS
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439235 ELECT. BOX ASSEMBLY GUN CONTROL RELAY COMPLETE SINGLE 50 CAL. GUN CONTAINER MKI MOD.O
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1799
777
EXPERIMENTAL TRIPLE CAL. . 50 GUN CONTAINER
Three M2 Cal. . 50 Browning Aircraft Machine Guns were used in these experimental aircraft gun packages. HMC. 1944
Cylindrical version. Oval section version.
These gun containers were developed into the triple gun container shown on Plate 116-1786. The cradle and pintle mechanisms were originally similar to those used in the Mk 1 containers shown on Plate 116-1780 and later similar to those used in the Mk 3 20mm containers shown on Plate 116-1788. NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1787
778
TRIPLE CALIBER . 50 GUN CONTAINER Three M2 cal. . 50 Browning Aircraft Machine Guns were used in this jettisonable air craft gun package.
HMC LJ'4li(J[ Cit00ttliUTU
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Sl l ~
CA.S ( [ J[CTION OPU UNG ([H T(It
.50 CALIBER TRIPLE GUN CONTAINER WEIGHT EMPTY 10~0 ROS. AMMO.
4~1
TOTAL WEIGHT
7 75 LOS
LBS 324 LBS.
$f, l )
ST U
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C.G. EhiPTY· ST. 32 C.G. LOADED- ST. 41.5 HOOitS ' 0 111 SUS , [ IiStON IN Wit Sl l OIII JUCII 0111 O THUII4 " C - C TY,[S Wl!H SWI'1 IIII,U S
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This container was developed from the preliminary models shown on Plate 116- 1787. A boresight range of 3° elevation and 3° traverse was available. Pneumatic chargers were used in this design.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1786
779
MARK III MOD. 0 SINGLE 20mm GUN CONTAINER /44JIIIII.I.IIIP\.&TIIIIIO
One T31 automatic 20mm gun was used in this electrically operated jettisonable gun package. ~
.
A bore sighting range of 5° in elevation and 3 o in traverse was available. The bore sight mechanism used with this unit was similar to that used in the triple cal. . 50 container shown on Plate 116-1786.
STATION
1944 'r'JI
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RADIUS
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70
80
90
100
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¥.8.1944
-----NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1788
780
Additional data on this package is given on Plate 116-1788.
MARK III MOD. 0 SINGLE 20mm GUN CONTAINER
Major Components. Complete assembly, showing method of installation in bomb rack using AN- Mark 7 MOD 1 portable bomb hoist, 1000 lb. capacity.
I
Two Mark III MOD. 0 gun containers suspended from Navy Curtiss "Helldiver" dive bomber. NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1789
781
TWIN 20mm GUN CONTAINER ( 1945)
Two T31 20mm automatic guns were used in this experimental aircraft gun package. The internal components were similar to those in the Mark III MOD. 0 single gun container detailed on Plates 1161788 and 116- 1789. A boresight range of 5 o elevation and 3 o traverse was available. This unit was originally equipped with pneumatic chargers and later with hydraulic chargers.
Ref: BuOrd Dwg. 555675 HMC Dwg. 2-00024
20MM. TWIN GUN CONTAINER WEIGHT EMPTY- ~ L8S 4:50ROS.AMIIO.· 300 •
TOTAL WEIGHT- 800 LBS
C. G. LOAD£0 - ST. 51.0 C. G. E>IPTY -
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NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1793
782
I
------------------~
DIVISION K GIMBAL SUSPENDED WEAPON MOUNTS Contents Section 1- - - - - Pre- World War IT Single Weapon Turret Mounts Section 2- - - - - Gimbal Suspended Weapon Hull Mounts Pre- World War IT Combination Weapon Section 3 Turret Mounts Section 4 - - - - - World War IT Combination Weapon Turret Mounts Discussion This division includes mounts in which the weapons were gimbal suspended, that is, the weapon cradles were attached to the main support structure thr ough two sets of trunnions at right angles to each other with one set allowing limited traverse and the second set providing limited elevation and depression. In the case of turret installations the concentric bearing ring components of the turret assembly provided additional traverse. Since the s e early turrets were hand traversed, the turret provided only the coarse traverse adjustment with the mount traverse providing the fine "on-target" adjustment. Gimbal suspended ball mounts are shown in Divisions I and U in both vehicular and fixed fortification applications. Divisions K, L and M present primarily those weapon mounts which were developed for use as primary armament and capable of being fitted into turrets . These mounts are broken down into three general divisions on the basis of the method of suspension of the weapon. Division K covers the details of gimbal suspended (dual trunnion ) weapon mounts carrying either single guns or a combination
783
of weapons. The data does not include the gimbal type ball mounts, which are presented in Division I, Section 3, as a separate group. Division L covers single trunnion type weapon mounts which were of the open or partially armored type. These mounts were capal;lle of high elevation and 360° traverse and thus suitable for both ground and anti-aircraft use. Division M illustrates the combination gun mounts which were primarily developed for vehicular use within an enclosed, heavily armored turret. Such mounts had only limited elevation and depression, with traverse accomplished by rotation of the turret. Most vehicular mounts during World War I were gimbal suspended. During World War II onlythoseturrets with relatively low caliberprimaryweapons were able to retain the flexibility of gimbal suspensions. Due to the necessary increase in caliber and greater recoil force of later weapons, the mount suspension reverted to the single trunnion type which provided limited elevation only, while the concentric bearing ring of the powered turret provided traverse. The general tendency, chronologically, has been to depart from gimbal or ball suspensions and use trunnion suspensions for elevation with the concentric ring bearing of the turret providing traverse.
784
DIVISION K
SECTION 1
PRE- WORLD WAR ll SINGLE WEAPON TURRET MOUNTS
The mounts illustrated in this section were the forerunners of heavy vehicular primary armament. However, during this early period machine guns were the vehicular primary armament. These gimbal mounts permitted limited elevation and traverse apart from the flexibility derived from the vehicle structural installation. In the case of "Barbette" mountings, maneuvering of the vehicle was required to completely cover the field of fire.
However, in the case of turret and
cupola installations the field of fire was covered by manual operation of the turret.
Since these installations were the primary armament of the vehicle, in
many cases they included telescopes for direct sighting. Travel locks , equilibrators and bore sight adjustment mechanisms were usually provided as part of the mount itself.
h
785
T URRET MOUNT, M19 17 SIX TON TANK Caliber .30
RIA 454- 33378 (1919)
RIA 454 -33374 (1919) This flat shielded mount was suspended by gimbals in a 360° rotating turret. It was equipped with a telescopic sight and a secondary grip and trigger assembly. A view of the Ml917 six- ton tank with an earlier design of turret mount is shown on Plate No. 116- 1327.
NOVILLE Pla te No. 116-1328
786
J
TURRET MOUNT, M1917 SIX TON TANK Caliber .30
RIA 454 34130 (1920)
Components of this mount included armored jackets for the gun barrel and the telescope. The mount usedan Ml919 Browning caliber. 30 machine gun with a tele scopic sight and secondary grip and trigger. The gimbal suspension included a flexible gasket.
Shown with Full Gasket. RIA 454- 34203 (1920}. · Shown with Gasket Cut Away.
RIA 454 - 34131 (1920) Other designs of mounts used on the M1917 six- ton tank are shown on Plates No. 116-1327 and 116-1328.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1330
787
CALIBER . 50 TURRET MOUNT
RIA 735-39917 (1934).
Ammunition Box.
This Caliber . 50 turret mount was used on the M4 Medium Tank and the T4 Combat Car Modified, referenced on Plate 116- 1720, in conjunction with a cal. .30 mount described on Plate 116-1 703. The mount illustrated on the left was constructed for lefthand feeding while the Medium T4 Tank below illustrates one constructed for righthand feeding. RIA 735-39918 This mount was side mounted (1934). by a plate which was bolted to the side turret wall. This plate was connected to the pintle s ocket bracket of the mount by a large trunnion which provided elevation and depression for the mount. A locking device on the trunnion secured the mount in desired positions of elevation. The gun cradle which rotated in traverse on a trunnion extension of the pintle socket had an ammunition box tray bracketed to one side and a handle bar extension aft. The ammunition box shown above fitted into this ammunition box tray. No shield was provided for this mount and sighting was obtained through the large rectangular mount opening in the face of the turret. The gun was fastened by its forward mounting holes to a pintle, not shown, fitting into the pintle socket over the gun cradle, and was also secured to the mount at its aft end by a traversing and elevating mechanism on the traverse rod of the handle bar extension. T4 MEDIUM TANK REF: Given on Plate 116-1722. Cal. . 50 Mount (Right) on turret of Medium Tank T4. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1702
RIA 735-39924 (1934)
788
CALIBER .30 TURRET MOUNT
RIA 73 5-39918 (1934).
This caliber .30 turret mount which was used as a com panion mount to the caliber. 50 mount described on Plate 116-1702, when used on the T4 Medium Tank, referenced on Plate 116-17?.2, was also used on the T4 Combat Car, shown below, on the two sides and rear of the superstruc ture. A thick rectangular plate with a vision opening and an opening for the machine gun acted as a rotor which pivoted on trunnions in the two side mounting plates for elevating and depressing, the degree of which could be secured by two locking pins on the two trunnion pads. These mounting plates were bolted either to the superstructure wall as shown below or to an additional mounting plate as shown on Plate 116-1702. Attached to the base of the rectangular rotor was the pintle socket plate and the handle bar extension. The machine gun was fastened at its forward mounting holes to the pintle (not shown) and at its aft end by the travers ing mechanism to the traverse rod of the cradle. While the mount moved in elevation and depression with the gun, the gun alone moved in traverse. The ammunition box (not shown) was similar to that shown on Plate 116 - 1702.
RIA 735-39917 (1934).
T4 Combat Car.
RIA 705-40441 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1703
789
T36 (T7E2) TURRET MOUNT Caliber .50
APG 699 -40813 (1936) T36 Mount. The T3 6 Mount utilized a single caliber . 50 machine gun which was manually fired. The forward portion of the gun cradle was fastened by trunnions to a pintle yoke which allowed elevation and depression of the mount. Traverse movement was obtained by rotation of the pintle yoke in a pintle socket which was bolted to the frontal wall of the turret. The equilibrator assembly was a simple spring and telescopic rod assembly. The rectangular gun s hield had as ighting aperture for the telescopic sight, which was fastened to the left side of the gun cradle, and was bracketed to the casing of the caliber . 50 machine gun. This mount was previously designated the T7E2 turret mount, caliber . 50, which was formerly the T7E1 Combination Gun Mount, caliber .30 and .50, Plate 116-1101, with the parts for mounting the caliber .30 gun eliminated. With minor modifications the T36 Mount became the M9 Turret Mount, Plate 116-1705. T7E2 MOUNT REFERENCES: D7111, OCM 11236, RIA- TK-1 (Q-6), RIA 699-40635 T7E2 MOUNT USED ON: M1A1 Combat Car, shown on Plate 116- 1707, and M2A2 Light Tank. T36 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 12516. T36 MOUNT USED ON: T2E2 Light Tank (M2A2 Light Tank). T2E2 & M2A2 LIGHT TANK REFERENCES: OCM 11450, 11538, RIA (Q2), RIA 775-40850, RIA 731 - 40660.
RIA 731-40659 (1935).
Ball Mounts Used on M2A2 Light Tank can be found on Plates 116-1000, 116-1003, ll6-1004, 116- 1008, 116-1038, and 116-1039.
T36 Mount on T2E2 Light Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1704
790
RIA 775-40850 (1936) T7E2 Mount on M2A2 Light Tank.
M9 TURRET MOUNT
Caliber .50
APG 838 - 42586 (1938) M9 Turret Mount. The T36 Turret Mount, Plate 116- 1704, was standardized with a few minor modifications as the M9 Turret Mount. The differences were in the M1919A2 telescopic sight attachment, the addition of a plate at the fr ont of the gun cradle which enclosed the gun barrel, and a sleeve over the machine gun which connected the cradle to the gun shield. M9 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 13249, Dwg. 031424, RIA- TK- 1. M9 MOUNT USED ON: M1A1 Combat Car, M2A3 (T2A2) Light Tank, M2A2E3 Light Tank. REFERENCES for the later Mount M9A1: OCM 13316, Dwg. 032245.
RIA 838-42587 (1938) M9 Cradle Assembly.
(1938). M2A3 LIGHT TANK REF: Was formerly M2A1, M2A2 Light Tanks; previously T2E1, T2E2 Light Tanks. RIA 731 and 812 File Series
RIA 812-42595 (1938) M2A3 Light Tank. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1705
791
M2A3 Light Tank also used fol lowing machine gun mounts : M18 Turret Mount, M12E1 Ball Mount; Starboard turret, Plate 116-1003. M12, 3-1/2" Ball Mount, Plate ll6-l004, to replace 6-1/2" Ball Mount (RIA TK-1) RIA 770-40638. 270 o traverse was obtained in both right and left turrets.
TURRET MOUNT
Caliber
Other details of this mount are shown on Plate 116- 1710.
- ~0
or . 50
Used on T4 Medium Tank
The rotor pivoting on trunnions in the mounting plate provided elevation and de pression for the mount and gun. A locking device on the left trunnion secured the mount in the desired position of elevation or depression. Mil elevation and depression of the gun in the mount was obtained by the mechanism connecting the aft of the machine gun and the connecting r od of the handle bar extension. The gun moved in traverse inde pendently of the mount by rotating in the pintle socket at the base of the rotor and could be secured in the position of traverse desired by the traversing locking device on the connecting rod of the handle bar extension from the r otor. The telescopic sight which moved with the gun in elevation and traverse was installed in a cradle bracketed to the top of and centered over the machine gun.
RIA 735-40222 (1935)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1709
792
TURRET MOUNTS D30342 Cal. .30 - D30339 Cal. . 50 Other details of these mounts are shown on Plate 116-1709.
RIA 735 - 40223 (193 5) Front view of mount as installed in tank turret using a caliber . 30 ma chine gun.
These barbette type mounts, designed in 1935, were the same, differing only in the caliber of machine gun used, the BMG caL .30, M2, or the BMG cal. . 50, M2. The cal. . 30 installation shown above was connected by its elevating mechanism and traverse locking device to the for ward traverse rod of the gun cradle. The cal. . 50 machine gun was connected at the aft traverse rod of the gun cradle. The ammunition box tray was fastened to the right side of the cradle. A small shield fitting over the gun bar rel casing covered the oblong gun opening in the rotor. The telescopic sight Ml918 was used. RIA 735-40220 (1935) These mounts were used on the T5 CombatCar & the T4 Medium Tank referenced on Plate 116 -1722. A variation of these mounts on the T5 Combat Car, Modified, is shown in the photograph to the left. Ref: OCM 12066 RIA 726-40357 (1935) Combat Car T5, Modified NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1710
CALIBER .30 TURRET MOUNT
RIA 779-40818 (1936). Used with the M2 Caliber .30 Browning Machine Gun. The r otor of this mount, which also fulfilled the function of a gun shield, elevated and depressed the mount and gun by pivoting on trunnions in the mounting plate. A locking device on the right trunnion secured the mount and gun in the desired position of elevation or depression. The machine gun moved independently in traverse of the mount by the rotation of the pintle in the pintle socket at the base of the r otor, and could be locked in a desired position of traverse by the traversing mechanism on the handle bar extension from the rotor. The gun could also be adjusted in elevation and depression independently of the mount by use of the elevating mechanism located at the aft end of the gun and the handle bar extension. The telescopic sight was installed in a cradle bracketed to the top and on the right side of the machine gun. An ammunition box tray was welded to the left handle bar extension.
Designed in 1935 REF: Dwg. No. 03027
RIA 779-40819 (1936). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1708
794
M15, Cal. .50 & M16, Cal. .30, TURRET MOUNTS
RIA 779-40822 (1936} M15 REFERENCES: OCM 13282, Dwg. D30271
M15 Turret Mount with Caliber .50 Machine Gun. Designed in 1935 This turret mount in which the rotor also functioned as the shield utilized either a caliber . 50 or caliber .3 0 machine gun and had movement in both traverse and eleva tion. Traverse was obtained by the rotation of the pintle, to which the machine gun was pinioned by its forward mounting holes, in the pintle socket attached to the base of the rotor. The rotor pivoting on trunnions in the mounting plate achieved elevation and depression, any position of which was secured by the locking device on the left trunnion. An elevating and traversing mechanism connected the machine gun by the aft mounting holes to a triangular extension from the rotor, the caliber . 50 machine gun by the aft connecting bar, and the caliber .30 gun by the forward connecting bar. An equilibrating rod assembly was attached to the left side of the mount and an ammunition tray to the right. The Ml918 telescopic sight which was mounted on the left side of the caliber .50 machine gun was omitted on the caliber .30 machine gun. USED ON: T2A2 Light Tank M1A2 Light Tank RIA 779-40821 (1936).
Turret mount installations of these mounts are shown on Plate No. 116-1707. M16 Turret Mount with Caliber .30 Machine Gun. M16 REFERENCES: OCM 13282, Dwg. 030274.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1706
795
CALIBER .30 TURRET MOUNT
RIA 735 - 40967 (1936)
One of the sets of turret mounts used on the T4 Medium Tank was this caliber .30 turret mount together with its companion caliber . 50 Turret Mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1712. This mount was attached on the left turret front of the T4 Medium Tank by a mounting plate and achieved elevation and depression by the rotor pivoting on trunnions in the mounting plate. A locking device on the right trunnion cap secured the mount in the position of elevation or depression desired. The machine gun moved independently of the rotor by rotation of the gun pintle in the pintle socket at the base of the roto r . Attached to the gun barrel casing and moving in conjunction with it was a rectangular shield with the upper and lower edges pitched forward. Bracketed to the top of the gun and to its left was a cradle for the Telescopic Sight, M1918. 40 o Elevation 15 o Depression
20 o Right Traverse 20 ° Left Traverse
A variation of this mount with a hinged lower shield, Dwg. D30681 (1935) was used on the T4 and T4E1 Medium Tanks. For installation photographs of these mounts, see Plate 116-1722.
RIA 735 - 40966 (1936)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1711
796
CALIBER . 50 TURRET MOUNT
RIA 735 - 40968 (1936} This Caliber. 50 Turret Mount installed on the T4 Medium Tank was the companion mount to the Caliber .30 Turret Mount described on Plate 116- 1711. This mount differed from its companion caliber .3 0 mount in the following as pects: The gun pintle socket was not part of the rotor base but was in a plate attached to the base of the r otor. A traverse locking device for the machine gun operated on the traverse bar of an added cradle extension attached to the base of the rotor. A shoulder rest and trigger extension were attached to the machine gun. The telescopic sight cradle was attached to the gun in two places rather than one as in the caliber .30 mount. The shield, while still the same shape, was larger with no pitched edges. A variation of this Cal. . 50 mount, Dwg. No. D30682 (1935}, with a hinged lower shield, was used on the T4 and T4E1 Medium Tanks. Plate 116-1722 shows the in stallation of these mounts. 40 o 15 o 20 o 20 o
Elevation Depression Right Traverse Left Traverse
RIA 735-40969 (1936)
.....
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1712
797
/
,.
034956 CALIBER. 50 TURRET MOUNT The Caliber .30 Turret Mount, the companion mount to this Caliber . 50 mount, is detailed on Plate 116- 1714. This mount, with the rotor pivoting in elevation and depression on trunnions in the mounting plate, had heavy ~ shielding in the form of a plate bolted .,.; to the rotor with a hinged covering for · the opening, and two s mailer hinged coversforthetelescopicsightandfree 1 . sight opening.
RIA 854 - 2267 (1940) Mil elevation adjustment was obtained by the elevation adjustment mechanism at the rear of the gun and traverse bar of the cradle extension. Limited traverse movement of the gun was achieved by its rotation in the pintle socket at the base of the rotor, the aft traverse bar providing rough traverse readings while the forward traverse bar had a mil traverse adjustment mechanism. The telescopic sight was mounted on the right side of the gun, while the ammunition tray was placed to the left, and an equilibration rod assembly was installed & on the left side of the mount. . · (· This mount and gun were locked in a des ired position of elevation or depression by a hand lever at the left of the mount which actuated by linkage a locking device at the base of the mounting plate. This mount was used on the M1A1 Light Tank and the M2 Combat Car. Plate 116-1725 shows installation of this mount on the M2 Combat Car, and Plate 116- 1714 shows installation in the interior.
Designed in 1939. Used BMG Cal. . 50, M2, and Telescopic Sight, 03 483 5. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1713
798
RIA 854-2268 (1940)
CALIBER .30 TURRET MOUNT This mount, while smaller, was similar to its companion caliber . 50 mount in design and operation with the follow ing exceptions: The handle bar extension had only one connecting bar. The ammunition tray was placed to the left of the mount. It did not use the equilibrator rod assembly.
RIA 854 - 2111 (1940) The mechanism which locked the mount in elevation and depression was on the rights ide of the mount.
RIA 854 - 1118 Experimental Turret interior of Combat Car M2 LEFT: Cal. .50 Turret Mount D34956 RIGHT: Cal. .30 Turret Mount The companion caliber . 50 turret mount of this mount is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1713. This caliber .30 mount was used on the M2 Combat Car, installation of which is shown on Plate 116- 1725.
....
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1714
799
M18 (MODIFIED) TURRET MOUNT Caliber .30
I
•
RIA 779 - 855 (1939) J
This turret mount which used the M1919A4 Caliber .30 machine gun was installed in the tank turret by its mounting plate in which the rotor moved in elevation and de pression on trunnions. The hinged cap of the right trunnion provided control fo r tension on the trunnions for moving or locking the mount in elevation or depression. An elevating mechanism attached to the traverse bar of the gun cradle provided mil elevation adjustments for the gun. Traverse movement of the gun in the mount was obtained by the gun pintle rotating in the pintle socket at the base of the rotor within range of the traversing bar of the gun cradle. Graduations on the traversing bar indicated mil changes in traverse of the gun. An ammunition tray was mounted on the left of the mount and the Telescopic Sight, Ml918A2 (Modified) Cradle fitted over the barrel of the gun and the aft end was bolted to the left side of the gun.
Other details of this mount are given on Plate. 116- 1727.
RIA 779 - 855 (1939)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1715
800
M18 (MODIFIED) TURRET MOUNT
Caliber .30
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P late A from RIA- MG- 40 (1939)
Right Traverse 20 o Left Traverse 20 c
Elevation 10 '=' Depression 20 .)
The Telescopic Sight M1918A2 (Modified) , Dwg. D33256, was machined with spherical bearings to permit adjustment of sight in elevation and traverse within the range provided. Other details of this mount are given on Plate 116- 1715. M18 (MODIFIED) MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D34058 RIA-MG - 40 (1939) The M18 (Modified) turret mount was a development of the M18 turret mount which also used a Caliber .30, M1918A4, Machine Gun.
M18 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 13283, Dwg. 31008 RIA-TK-1
RIA-MG - 40 (13 7) 1939 APG TT1 - 719/12 (August 1951)
M18 MOUNT USED ON: M1A1 Combat Car
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1727
801
)
TURRET MOUNTS, Ml ARMORED CAR RIA 680- 40489 ( 1935 )
The M1 (Formerly T4) Armored Car was previously armed in 1931 with the T5 combination gun mount shown on Plate 116-1267. The 1935 turret arrangement illustrated in this Plate used only a single cal. . 50 HB machine gun telescopically aimed with several brackets around the periphery of the turret for mounting machine guns to be used against aircraft. In the view above, unusually large unshielded apertures are visible in the shield. A limited amount of elevation was available to the cal. . 50 MG, with 360 o traverse provided by the turret r otation.
RIA 680-40490 (193 5) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1500
802
DIVISION K
SECTION 2
GIMBAL SUSPENDED WEAPON HULL MOUNTS
Both single and multiple weapon gimbal suspended mounts for installation in the fixed hull structure of fighting vehicles are included in this section. These are special applications of mounts similar in design to those shown in Section 1; however, in these fixed hull applications limited traverse and limited elevation were provided by the gimbals, and the vehicle had to be maneuvered for additional traverse. Hull installations of ball mounts using similar gimbal suspensions are shown in Division I. The fixed upper hull of early fighting vehicles was often referred to as a "Barbette" structure.
803
DUAL CALIBER .30 TURRET MOUNT
Front View of Dual Turret Mount.
RIA 799 - 41289 (1936) .
The large rotor of this experimental gimbal suspension mount pivoted in elevation and depression on two trunnions bolted by the trunnion mounting pads to the turret wall. Limited traverse was achieved by the rotation of a traverse frame on a vertical trunnion in the rotor. This frame mounted the two caliber .30 machine guns, their ammunition trays, and the telescopic sight, above and between the two guns.
Aft View of Dual Turret Mount. RIA 799 - 4128 (1936).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1699
804
TWIN GIMBAL MOUNT, 8mm GUN, ITALIAN Two Fiat 8mm Model 193 5 (Modified Revelli 1914 Model) machine guns were used in this assembly. This mount was used on the CV3/33 light tanks shown on Plate 116- 1410 and in the 360 o turret of the CA 11/39 12 ton tank. APG 97296 (1943) FMAR 290
The external pair of horizontal trunnions attached to the main body assembly of the mount were used to provide 12 o depression and 15 c elevation.
An internal vertical set of trunnions permitted the twin cradle assembly to traverse 24 °. The twin gun barrel protector with forward common sight was bolted to a traverse opening radial shield. Top and bottom radial flange segments were bolt~d to the body and enclosed the shield. The rear sighting slit in the body assembly was about 1/8" wide and 1" high. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1409 805
SECTION 3
DIVISION K
PRE-WORLD WAR II COMBINATION WEAPON TURRET MOUNTS
The early combination weapon mounts included in this section were supported on gimbal suspensions and used in the armored turrets of fighting vehicles. As the need arose for weapons heavier than machine guns to be mounted in turrets of armored vehicles, the machine gun primary armament gave way to combination mounts carrying a cannon and a coaxial machine gun. The gimbal mounting was retained; however, here the primary suspension requirement was for the heavy weapon and the machine gun cradle was fastened to the cradle of the heavy weapon. Shield design became important and since the turret was manually traversed, both gun and turret balance were critical design elements. The problems of bullet splash were well understood; however, with respect to the ballistic problem, the manufacturing problems of armor were still behind the capability of the vehicles' weapons.
807
Tl COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37mm and Caliber . 30 USED ON: Tl Combat Car TIEl Light Tank T3 Medium Tank
RIA 674 - 38824 (1931)
MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. D8281 - OCM 1123 6
RIA 674 - 38823
Installations of This Mount are Shown On P late 116- 1503. This combination gun mount fitted a 37mm gun, Model of 1916, modified for tanks, and a co- axial Browning tank machine gun, cal. . 30, M1919. Also included was a shoulder rest, breechguard, and a telescopic tank sight. A sheet metal machine gun ammunition tray was fitted over the cannon and telescope. The guns were suspended in gimbals with traverse movement achieved by vertical pivots attached to a yoke. The yoke, in turn, was attached by horizontal pivots to a flanged plate which was bolted to the turret of the tank, the horizontal pivots of the gimbal providing freedom in elevation and depression. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1102
808
Tl COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS Details of the T1 Mount are given on P late 116-1102. r-tlt-~-..
T1E1 Light Tank (1928) REFERENCES: 0. C. M. 6926 Dwg. 31 - 150
This 7. 5 ton tank was developed from the Tl Light Tank of 19 27. The TlE 1 Light Tank was developed into the T3 Personnel Carrier, the T3 Combat Car ( OCM 9175), and the Ml Light Tank (TM 9- 725).
T3 Convertible Medium Tank (1930 Design) 5 purchased in 1931 and T1 Combat Car.
T3 Medium Tank References: Photos: ORD 5585, 5588; APG 28669, 28660; RIA 685 File. Later developed into R34 Med. Tank as shown in Plate 116- 1150. T1 Combat Car References: Photos: ORD 5587; APG 28662. OCM 9175. Both of these vehicles were similar to the commercial Christie M1931, two of which were sold to the Soviets by Mr. Christie, with a license to build more. These vehicles had chain driven wheels, convertible to track drive. References: RIA Q-16 (1932); 0. 0. AC-5 (1932), T3 Convertible Medium Tank and Combat Car Tl. In 1932 the T1 Combination Gun Mount on the Combat Car T1 was replaced by the T6 Combination Gun Mount shown on Plate 116-1501. Other T1 Combat Cars: T1E1 (OCM 9837). T1E2 (OCM 9876). T1E3 (OCM 9992).
T3E2 Medium Tank The T3E1 Convertible Medium Tanks had gear driven wheels. Two of them were obtained in 1931 after Poland defaulted on their commercial purchase. Both the T3E1 and T3E2 Medium Tanks used the T1 Combination Mount. The T3E2 silhouette shown above has a slope sided turret, with a ball-mounted machine gun on each side. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1503 809
T2 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30
APG 31087 (1934}
T1E6 Light Tank
The T2 Combination Gun Mount consisted of a 37mm M1924 semi- automatic gun with an M1919 Browning Caliber .30 Tank Machine Gun. It was developed after the T1 Combination Mount detailed on Plate 116- 1102 and varied externally mainly in the shape and placement of the counterweight. In the T2 Mount the counterweight was directly below the main gun. The T2 mount was used in the 360 o rotating turrets of the T1E6 and T1E4 Light Tanks . These were similar vehicles, the major difference being the engine. T2 Combination Mount References: OCM 11236, Dwg. D8511. T1E4 Light Tank (1932) References: OCM 9213, Dwg. 31 - 176. T1E6 Light Tank (1932} References: OCM 9993.
8. 6 Tons.
T1E4 Light Tank
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1502
810
T3 AND T3El COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS 37-mm & Caliber .30
T1E2 Light Tank with T3 Combination Mount in tur ret. One only produced, was improved version of T1E1 Light Tank. T1E2 Light Tank Ref: OCM 7346. Dwg. 31 - 157
The T3 Combination Gun Mount consisted of a semi- automatic 37mm gun with a coaxially mounted M1919 Caliber .30 Browning Tank Machine Gun. The mount was installed in the 360 o rotatable turret of the T1E2 Light Tank of 1929. T3 Mount References: OCM 11236; Dwg. D8687.
T1E2 Light Tank with T3E1 combination gun mount in 360 o rotatable turret. The T1E3, 8. 5 ton, tank of 1930 was an improved version of the T1E1 Light Tank. One only produced.
The T3E1 Combination Gun Mount was a further modification of the T3 Combination Gun Mount, providing a flat inner shield. T3E1 Combination Mount References: OCM 11236; Dwg. D26056.
The T3E1 Combination Gun Mount was used first on the T2 Medium Tank, in the R. H. hull, and later transferred to the T1 E3 Light Tank. The T2 Medium Tank then used a ball mount in the hull, as shownon Plate 116-1040. TheT2 Medium Tank is shown on Plate 116-1505 with the late version of the T4 Combination Gun Mount in the turret. T2 Medium Tank with T3E1 Combination Mount in R. H. Hull and T4 Combination Mount, Early Version, in Turret. ....
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1504
811
T4 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 47-mm & Caliber . 50
RIA 686-39013 (1932)
The T4 Combination Mount consisted of a semi-automatic 47mm Navy Gun, using the recoil mechanism from a 37mm gun, with a coaxially mounted M1921 caliber . 50 Browning Aircraft Machine Gun. The T4 Mount was used on the T2 Medium Tank in a 3 60 o rotatable turret. The later version of this mount included counter weights op the gun barrels to compensate for the gunner and gunner's seat attached to the gun cradle. The late version is shown above, and the earlier version, in which the gunner stood on the tank floor, is shown on Plate 116-1504. The 1930 version of the T2 Medium Tank used the T3E1 Combination Mount in the right hand hull. This mount is also shown on Plate 116-1504. The T3E1 Combination Gun Mount in this location was limited in flexibility and interferred with the turret mount, so that in 1931 the T3E1 Combination Mount was removed and a ball-mounted caliber .30 machine gun was put in its place. The T3E1 was then used in the T1E3 Light Tank. The ball mount installation is detailedon Plate 116-1040. An anti-aircraft mount using a caliber .30 machine gun was also added to this tank in 1931. Only one of the T2 Medium Tanks of 1927 was produced. T2 Medium Tank References: OCM 7377, Dwg. 31-158. 7.5 tons. T4 Combination Mount References: OCM 11236, Dwg. D26070.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1505
812
T6 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT M1921 Caliber . 50 Aircraft & M1919 Caliber .30 Tank Browning Machine Guns
T2 Combat Car with T6 Combination Mount. RIA 666- 38950 (1931) The T6 Combination Gun Mount was developed from the T5 Mount shown on P late No. 116- 1267. The external differences consist of the caliber .30 MG extending further out of the shield on the T6 Mount, and the placement of the mount in the turrets. The T5 Combination Mount was lower and did not require that the stepped notch of the turret cover extend into the upper sloped portion, as in the T6 installations. Both the T2 Combat Car and the T5 Convertible Armored Car illustrated used, in addition to the T6 Mount, anti- aircraft bracket mounts on top of the turret and an assistant driver's mount at the windshield; both of these held M1919 Cal. .30 tank guns. The T6 was used in 1932 to replace the T1 Combination Gun Mount then in use on the T4 Combat Car, as shown on Plate No. 116- 1102. T2 Car (1931) REF: 8. 5 tons. OCM 9175 DA 226. F'ormerly Armored Car T5. T2E1 Car REF: OCM 9774 T5 Car (1931) REF: OCM 8441. Class 31 -165. T6 MOUNT REF: Dwg. 27152, OCM 11236. T5 Convertible Armored Car with T6 Mount REF: RIA 666-38616 (1931). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1501
-
813
T7El (T7) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT Caliber .30 & Caliber .50
RIA 699 - 40635 (1935)
RIA 699 - 40812 (1936)
The cradle of this mount held a cal. . 50 H. B. Browning Machine Gun, M2, and its ammunition box, a M2 cal. .30 Browning Machine gun and a telescopic sight. Each of these guns were manually fired through individual triggers. A breechguar d with a shoulder rest and temple pad for the gunner formed the aft part of the cradle assembly. The forward portion of the cradle was fastened by trunnions to a pintle yoke which allowed elevation and depression of the cradle and guns. Traverse movement of the mount was obtained by rotation of the pintle yoke in a pintle socket which was fastened by a single bolt to the wall of the tank turret. The equilibrator assembly was a simple spring and telescopic rod assembly made possible by the support of the guns and cradle by the pintle near their center of gravity. The rectangular curved gun shield had a sighting aperture for the telescopic sight and was bracketed to the barrel of the cal. . 50 machine gun. The T7E1 Mount was the experimental model for the M7 Combination Gun Mount shown in Plate 116-1105 and replaced the T7 Combination Gun Mount. The T7 Mount used the T9 cal. .3 0 and T2 cal. . 50 machine guns. A later modification of the T7E1 Mount can be found on Plate 116- 1138. T7 Mount Used On: T11 Pilot Armored Car T7E1 Mount Used On: M1A1 Combat Car (RIA-TK-1 - (Q6) T4 Pilot Combat Car T11 Pilot Armored Car T11 Armored Car NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1101
814
T7 Mount References: Dwg. D6642, OCM 11236 T7E1 Mount References: Dwg. D29481, OCM 11236
T7El, MODIFIED, COMBINATION GUN MOUNT Caliber .30 & Caliber . 50
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From Dwg. D31554 This mount, designed in 1936, was similar in design and operation to the T7E1 Combination Machine Gun Mount shown on Plate ll6- ll01. The armament installed on the cradle of this mount was a Browning cal. . 50 M2 H. B. Machine Gun, and a Browning cal. .3 0 M2 H. B. Fixed Machine Gun. A telescopic s ight, Ml918A2, was als o used with this mount. This differed principally from the T7El Mount in the bolting of the pintle socket to the turret wall in two places rather than one and the use of a sleeve over the barrel of the . 50 caliber machine gun to attach the gun shield to the mount. The gun shield was rectangular and shaped sothat its right and leftsidesprojected for ward. M7 Combination Machine Gun Mount shown on Plate 116- 1105 was also closely related to this mount.
This photograph illustrates the installation of the T7El Mod. Mount on the T11 Armored Car. The T11 Armored Car (1932) illustrated below also used the T7El Combina tion Machine Gun Mount, Plate 116-1101, and the T1, 6- 1/2", Ball Mount shown on Plate 116- 1001. ORD 6948
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1138
815
M7 COMBINATION MACHINE GUN MOUNT Caliber .30 & Caliber . 50 P1N · SIA08~
INSM>l~
><000< :, • '!.CA'1.1 A ...COT1 [Q 8f"A>IIEH Q.I'IG· AIIi.&"TSI DtN- AI58'MO C~AI"' - A\.&~
IICAEW. ~ - leCNA 2 AE. -'1.NUT · ~2C. 8AG 0~1 3C. "1
PIN · I!D.I072
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From Dwg. No. D8002 (1934) The Combination Machine Gun Mount, M7, was a production version of the T7E1 Combination Machine Gun Mount, detailed on Plate 116- 1101. This mount utilized an M2 H.B. Fixed BrowningMachineGun, cal. .50; an M2 H.B. Fixed BrowningMachineGun, cal. .3 0; and a Telescopic Sight, M1918A2 -91 - 55- 2 modified. The M7 mount is similar in most respects to the T7El. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 13248 USED ON: T2El Light Tank, which became M2A1 Light Tank, REF: RIA (0- 2), RIA 775- 40651 & 40652. M8 ball mount in hull is detailed on Plate 116-1000.
T2E1 Light Tank NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1105
RIA 731 - 40650 (1935) 816
DIVISION K
SECTION 4
WORLD WAR II COMBINATION WEAPON TURRET MOUNTS Combination weapon mounts, gimbal suspended in armored turrets of the fighting vehicles were still used early in World War II. The examples illustrated in this section carried primary weapons up to the 37mm class. These weapons were mounted in both tracked and wheeled armored vehicles. Generally, the earlier turrets were still manually traversed but later powered turrets were used. Stabilizers were fitted to aid in firing while under way. The coarse traversing was accomplished by movement of the armored turret with the fine "on-target" traversing being adjusted by the shoulder rest assembly; however, on the later combination mounts such as the M23 and M23Al, the shoulder rest was dispensed with. Weapons of higher caliber were supported in single sets of trunnions, as shown in Division L.
817
M20 (T12) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30 This M20 Mount was the standardization of the T12 Combination Gun Mount. A M1919A4 cal. .30 machine gun was fixed to the mount by means of two brackets bolted to the right side of the Gun Cradle which supported the M5 37mm gun. The T12 mount utilized the 37mm Tank Gun Cradle, 8" Recoil, T2. The gun cradle was suspended from a gimbal consisting of two trunnion yokes. Limited motion in traverse could be obtained by means of one trunnion yoke pivoting on top and bottom trunnions of the mounting plate. This was accomplished by a manually operated knob on a fixed rack and pinion drive. Elevation and depression was obtained by a trunnion suspension of the gun cradle inside the first trunnion yoke that was actuated by an elevating handwheel turning a worm against a sector gear. This mount utilized the Firing Mechanism C73105 with the firing button of the machine gun being located on the traverse knob and the firing button of the 37mm gun on the elevating handwheel. A forehead and shoulder rest, and breech guard were provided to protect the gunner while sighting through the M70 Telescope. An extended shield over the bar rel sleigh and recoil cylinder was bolted to the gun shield. Detailed views of the M20 Mount may be seen on Plate 116- 1262. T12 MOUNT REFERENCES: T12 MOUNT USED ON: Dwg D37216 M2A4 Light Tank(RIA- MG- 38 (G2)1939 . M2Medium Tank(RIA- TK- 15{Ql9)1939 RIA P hotos: 853 - 980, 853 - 892 M20 MOUNT REFERENCES: M20 MOUNT USED ON: Dwg D37216, OCM 16018, OCM 26738 M2A4 Light Tank RIA - TTM Part 1 (G) 1941 M2A1 Medium Tank (1940) RIA Photos: 888- 4191, 888 - 4193,
APG 40857 {1940) M2A4 Light Tank
Other mounts used on M2A4 Light Tank: Two Sponson Mounts, Plate 116-1007; M13, 3 1/2" Ball Mount, Plate 116-1008; M20 Mod. Bracket Mount, Dwg. D34916. TANK REF: OCM 14844, RIA TTM9 {Q-7) 1940. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1261
818
M20 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37mm & Caliber .30
RIA 845 - 2259 (1940)
A description of this mount and a typical installation are shown on P late No. 116- 1261.
RIA 888 - 4191 {1941) RIA 888 - 4574 (19 41)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1262
819
M22 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30
This mount was a modification of the M20 Combination Gun Mount shown on Plates 116-1261 and 116-1262. It had limited motion in traverse and elevation, accomplished by the suspension of the gun cradle in dual yokes off of the mounting plate. The traversing knob was manually operated on a fixed rack and pinion drive and the elevating handwheel turned a worm against a sector. A C73110 Firing Mechanism Assembly was used with this mount, the firing button for the Cal. .30 being located on the traverse knob, while the firing button of the 37mm gun, M5, was on the elevating handwheel.A forehead and shoulder rest, and breechguard were provided to protect the gunner while sighting through the M5A1 telescope. The principle difference between this mount and the M20 mount was in recoil mechanisms and gun sleighs. On the M20 mount these assemblies extended beyond the gun shield and were protected by another shield bolted to the gun shield. On this mount these assemblies did not extend as far, and the gun shield was so shaped as to entirely cover the sleigh and recoil mechanism. M22 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. 037847, 37864, RIA TTM 9 Part 1 (G- 1) 1941 APG NM 623. 4 M22, R59, SNL A- 55 Sec. 5, OCM 16018, 26738 RIA Photo 882- 2056, RAPD Photos 70828, 70827, 4787, 17046, 42414. USED ON: M3 Light Tank, (TM 9- 726, RAPD 5849) Additional views and typical installation of this mount are shown on Plates 116- 1264 and 116- 1265. A modification of this mount, reference Dwg. No. 050088, was also made.
RA PO 4241
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1263
820
M22 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT SHIELD
Additional views of this mount are shownonPlates 116- 1263, 116-1265.
sHuTE - c6s6ss
/
ADJUSTER, ASS'Y - D372<1tl MECHAN ISM, ASS'Y
C73110
BRACKET - 8 160017
M ECHANISM, ASS'Y- D37257
BODY
RA PO 70827
TRUNNION- A187161 CHUTE. ASS'Y C68658
TRUNNION
\AI87161 - tA230099
RA PO 70828
RIA 882 -2085 (1940)
~OVILLE Plate No. 116-1264
821
M22 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT RIA 882 - 2055 (1940)
A description and fu r ther
details of this mount are shown on Plates 116- 1263 and 116- 1264.
M3 Light Tank References: Armament OCM 179 52 TM 9- 726 {1942) P hotos: RIA 899 - 8284 DA 3193 RAPD 2340
The M3 Light Tank (1940) also used the following secondary mounts:
DA 1442(19 M3 Light Tank
M23 Combination Gun Mount, Plates 116- 1103, - 1165 and - 1193. M13 Ball Mount, Plates 116- 1008, - 1009. M20 A. A. Bracket Mount, Plate 116- 1237. Two Cal. .30 Sponson Mounts: Plate 116-1032. M2 Tripod Mount, Plate 116- 1236.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1265
822
RIA 882- 2057 {1940)
TURRET HATCH COVERS
M23 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS Other views and data for this mount are given on Plate 116-1103, and fur ther installation views on P late No. 116-1193.
M23 Combination Gun Mount View Showing Left Side of Mount and Periscope L inkag~
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SCREW - BCAX IAC
SOLENO ID - 6 146160
RA PO 59376
Machine Gun Solenoid and Mounting Parts
RAPD 84261 M23 MOUNT USED ON: T17E1 Armored Car T19E1 Armored Car T21 Armored Car T27 Light Armored Car - APG Report 5642-3 (1944) T28 Light Armored Car-APG Report 5642- 3 (1944) M3 Light Tank (1940)- TM 9-72 6 (19 42) - shown on Plate 116-1032 M3A1 Light Tank (1941)-TM 9 - 732 (19 43) M3A3 Light Tank (1942)-TM 9- 932 (1943) M5 Light Tank (19 42)-TM 9-732 (1943) M5A1 Light Tank (19 42)-TM 9 - 732 (19 43 )
M23 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg D50077 - OCM 16531 OCM 28679 - OCM 28887 SNL A-55, Sec. 6 Add. TM 9-250 (194 4) RAPD PHOTOS: 84262, 8930
T27 Light Armored Ca-r NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1165
RAPD 96636 823
M23Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 3 7 - mm & Caliber . 30
RAPD 1
M23A1 Mount Without Shield
BAll-I 1049161 SPRING-I i\14 1091 (~
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SCRE~ - 2 1 5957
BODY-
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PIN, ASSY - 8146234
JSPRINGIA284229 MECHANISM, ASSY - 8208688
RA PO 129426
This mount was developed from the M23 Combination Gun Mount shown on Plate 116- 1103 specifically for use in non- powered turrets. Like the M23 Mount, this mount used the M6, 37mm gun, and the M1919A4 machine gun and had the same guard, elevating mechanism and yoke. The trunnion yoke connected the gun and mount to the turret by means of a cradle yoke which was connected to the upper suppor t of the trunnion yoke and by the elevating mechanism which was connected to the lower supports of the trunnion yoke. Because of lack or limit of power in the turret the mount was only fired manually by means of two firing buttons on the floor of the vehicle, and had no gyro- stabilizer or periscopic fire control. Traverse movement of the turret was obtained by manual operation. It also differed from the M23 Mount in that it used a 250 round ammunition box rather than the 100 round box of the M23 and used the M54 telescope instead of the M5A1 telescope. Other details of the M23A1 and a typical installation of this mount on the vehicles are shown on Plate 116- 1188.
RAPD 129426 Partial Exploded View
RAPD129428 Partial Exploded View
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1104
824
M23Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS 37- mm & Caliber .30
Other views of this mount are shown on P late 116- 1104. This mount is similar in many respects t o the M44 Combination Gun Mount, P late 116- 1107, and the M23 Combination Gun Mount, P late 116-1103 .
Installation of M23A1 Mount in Car Turret CA L. .30 MACHINE G UN
RA PD 77085
M23A1 Mount References: Dwg 078177 ORD 9 -SNL A- 55, Sec. 6 (1951)Add. ORD 8-SNL A- 55, Sec. 6 (1950) SNL A-45 ORD Part No. 6578177 TM 9-250 {1944) TM 9-1250 TM 9-2205 (1952) TM 9-2300 (1949) OCM 19873 RAPD PHOTOS: 129423, 59393
SCREWBAR-A383572
~915
RA PO 129427
Machine Gun Firing Mechanism Assembly B208688 M23A1 Mount Used On: T8 Armored Car, Light T22 Light Armored Car M8 Light Armored Car (TM 9- 743){1944) M8E1 Light Armored Car DA 8558 (19 44) M8 LightArmoredCar NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1188
825
M23 AND M23A2 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30
c
ABC0EFGH-
GUARD, ASS'Y- D47398 MECHANISM , ASS'Y - D50072 GUN . ASS'Y- 51 - 106 STAB ILI ZER, ASS'Y- E4531 CHUTE, A SS'Y - C68658 YOKE - D50086 SHI ELD, ASS'Y - C1057 17 SLEIGH - D36 129 J - GUN, ASS'Y- 51 - 11 4 K - BOLT - A263093 L - PIN , A SS'Y- A 189746
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M·N 0 PRSTUV-
CABLE - B I I 0622 GU IDE - B 159967 CHUTE, ASS'Y - C57233 BRACKET - A227794 SCREW - BCOX 1· 1CF MECHANISM, A SS'Y- D5007 1 BRACKET - C57225 SOLENOID- C83723 M ECHAN ISM, ASSY - C83723
RA PD 8930
The armament used with this mount was the 37- mm gun, M6, and a caliber .30, M1919AS machine gun. The shield assembly of this mount was attached to the cradle yoke and moved as an integral part of the mount and contained openings for the telescope, 37 - mm gun, and machine gun. The trunnion yoke connected the gun and mount to the turr et by means of a cradle yoke which was connected to the upper support of the trunnion yoke and by the elevating mechanism which was connected to the lower supports of the trunnion yoke. A maximum elevation of 20 o and depression of 10 o was obtained with this arrangement. Other components of the mount were a gyro-stabilizer; a firing mechanism assembly which provided both manual and electrical firing of the guns; sighting equipment which provided both a direct sight telescope and a linked periscope sight; a hydro-spring recoil mechanism assembly; and a breech operating assembly. Both manual and power traversing of the tank turret was available. The M23 Mount us ed a variety of shields differing only in contour. Plates 116- 1165 and 116- 1193 show typical installations of the M23 Mount on various vehicles. A modification of the M23 Mount, the M23A1 is shown on Plate 116- 1104. Another modification of the M23 Mount, the M23A2 Combination Gun Mount differed by the use of a screw type elevating mechanism and other minor changes. It was used on the production version of the T28 Light Armored Car, the M38 Armored Car. The M44 Combination Gun Mount shown on Plate 116- 1107 was similar in design, operation and function to this M23 Mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1103
826
M44 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30 K
H
M
A - EMPTY CARTRIDGE BAG- 37-MM GUN 8- BREECH GUARD ASSEMBLY C- BREECH OPERATING MECHANISM D- BREECH RING- 37-MM GUN E-SAFETY TRIGGER F-ELECTRIC FIRING LEVER- CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN G- ELECTRIC FIRING LEVER- 37-MM GUN H- GUNNER'S PERISCOPE CONTROL LINKAGE
J- TELESCOPE K - TRAVELING LOCK L - GEAR BOX AND MOUNTING BRACKET MNpQRS-
COMMANDER'S PERISCOPE Oll RESERVOIR GYRO CONTROL RECOIL SWITCH CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN EMPTY CARTRIDGE CHUTE-CAL .30 MACHINE GUN T- FIRING SOLENOID- CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN U- EMPTY CARTRIDGE BAG- CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN V - HAND FIRING CABLE
There was but little difference in the design, operation, and function between the M44CombinationGun Mountand the M23 Mount shownonPlate 116- 1103. They both used the M6, 37- mm gun and a cal. .30, M1919A5, machine gun. The major components were the same with the shield attached to the mount which elevated and depressed on a trunnion yoke attached to the turret wall. As in the M23 Mount, the M44 was developed for use with powered turrets and connecting linkage and wiring was provided to control and fire the guns. The M44 Mount differed from the M23 in that a front periscope linkage bracket was provided in place of the front telescope mounting bracket of the M23 Mount. Also, the telescope adjusting bracket was larger and mounted higher. For identification purposes, the telescope opening in the shield was higher than that of the M23 Mount.
OPENING FOR AMMUNITION
Besides the M6, 37 - mm gun, the M44 Mount used the M5, 37mm gun. Further details of the M44 Mount and typical installation on vehicles are shown on Plate 116- 1170.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1107
827
M44 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATION 37- mm & Caliber .30 MOUNT FOR CAL. .30 ANTI-A IRCRAFT GUN
CAL. .30 MACHINE GUN
M5A1 Light Tank
RAPD 60205
M44 Mount References: Dwg D60078, OCM'S 18925, 19182, 19411, 28619, 31604, 30429, 31879 TM 9- 250 (1944) TM 9- 1250 (1945) RAPD Photos: 72665, 65546, 76216A, 76208A SNL A- 55, Sec. 24 M44 Mount Used On: M3A1 Light Tank(1941) -TM g. (43), M3A3 Light Tank (19 42), TM 9- 727 (43), M5A1 Light T (1942), TM 9- 732 (43), MK1 Tracked Landing Vehicle (Armored), LVT (A) (1) w/Turret, TM 9- 775 (19 44)
Other views and details of this mount are shown on Plate 116- 1107
LVT (A) (1) w/TURRET NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1170
SC 207650 828
DIVISION L
EXPOSED TURRET, TRUNNION SUSPENDED WEAPON MOUNTS Contents Section 1 - - - - - Single Weapon Section 2 Multiple Weapons Section 3 Combination Weapons Discussion This division includes self- contained, base supported mounts in which one or more men were carried. Elevation was provided by a set of horizontal trunnions either single or multiple linked, and carried on the rotatable portion of the mount. Unlimited traverse was obtained by rotation of the base mounted concentric ring bearing. The mounts of this division were limited to no armor or were only partially armored. These turrets which were fully armored are shown in Division M.
829
DIVISION L
SECTION 1 SINGLE WEAPON
Here are presented ground and vehicular applications of one- man, manually traversed turret type mounts. Weapons on these mounts were all capable of high angles of elevation and were most suitable for anti-aircraft use. The gunner was exposed during firing and servicing of the weapons. The earlier mounts of this type, such as the T8 shown in Plates 116- 1529 and 116- 1571, and the German mount shown in Plate 116- 1343, were unique in concept. The German mount is of primary interest since it encompassed the operator and incorporated a dual set of gimbals with the first set being the primary seat and gun support providing coarse traverse and elevation motion, and the second gimbal set placed at the machine gun mounting point to provide for "on- target" elevation and traverse correction during firing. This was lacking on the T8 mount which required final "on-target " sighting adjustment by movement of the operator's body. The T133 Mount shown on Plate 116-1615 was fabricated almost entirely of magnesium and utilized an off- set mounting of the machine gun similar to that concept earlier attempted by the Lazarus pedestal mount. This separated the operator from the noise, blast and recoil action of the gun.
831
ANTI-AIRCRAFT MOUNT, MAXIM MACHINE GUN, GERMAN
SA X198 This early manually operated flexible mount used a s ingle Maxim Model 1908 machine gun. The X frame base supported a foot railing and a rotatable pintle in a central socket. The pintle carried the gunner's seat with extension arms that supported the gun gimbal cradle. The gimbal cradle, in turn, permitted a limited amount of elevation and traverse, while the gunner ' s seat suspension provided additional elevation contr ol. The pintle pro vided 3 60 o traverse controlled by the operator's feet on the foot railing. The gunner's seat could be locked in any of several elevation positions within the pintle. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1434
832
-
T8 AA MOUNT NO. 1 VERSION
Plate 116-1434 illustrates a German mount rotated by similar foot action of the operator.
APG 29214 (8 - 32).
Mock-up of T-8 Mount, No. 1.
This No. l version of the T - 8 mount was developed about 1932 and placed on the drawbar of a caisson. It had a rotating mount and seat assembly inside a fixed outer ring. The operator achieved traverse movement by the use of his feet on the ring. Elevation and depression was secured by pivoting of the cradle assembly on the rotating seat base. T he equilibrator spring assembly was attached to the under part of the cradle and the front of the seat base, the operator straddling this assembly when in firing position. A positioning lock at the rear of the rotating seat base fastened this part of the mount to the stationary ring. The No. 2 variation of this T-8 mount can be found on Plate No. 116- 1571.
APG 29212 (8 -32) Mock- up of T - 8 Mount with Operator in Firing Position. NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1529
833
T8 AA MOUNT NO. 2 VERSION
APG 29219 (1932)
Mock- up of T8 Mount, Version No. 2, on Caisson Drawbar. This second version of the T8 Mount differed from the first shown on Plate No. 116- 1529, in that the stationary ring was flush with the base of the mount, and formed part of the platform on which the rotating seat was attached.
A swivel- chair type of rotating seat base supported the cradle assembly and two equilibrator spring assemblies attached to each side of the seat and cra dle.
APG 29224 (1932)
The operator's handles for elevating and depressing the cradle were attached to the front of the cradle assembly. This mount could be removed from the caisson ~i:11il~l drawbar and used as a ground mount, as shown to the left.
T8 Mount Mock- up, Version No. 2 on Ground.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1571
834
EXPERIMENTAL A.A. SINGLE CAL . . 30 MOUNTS This platform mounted, turrettype anti- aircraft mount utilized a water - cooled caliber . 30 B. M. G. It had provisions for seating of two gunners. The elevation, depression and 3 60 o traverse of the mount was manually accom p 1 ish e d. It was constructed at ~~,.~~~~~....... Fort Bragg, circa 1933.
APG 29949 (1933)
This mount was constructed at Fort Bliss, circa 1933, and was a portable anti - aircraft mount with seating pro visions for one gunner. It also used a water - cooled caliber . 30 B. M. G. The 360° traverse was accomplished manually, while the elevation and depression of the mount was achieved by use of ele vation wheel on left of the mount. Reference: ORD Project 5082
APG 29943 (1933)
-
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1623
835
EXPERIMENTAL GUN MOUNT LINKAGE (Davison All - Purpose Gun)
APG 32063 (1934)
Above: Davison All Purpose Gun, 0° elevation firing position.
This 75mm gun mounting is included because of its u n u s u a 1 linkage w h i c h might have potential application for smaller caliber mounts.
Right: Davison All Purpose Gun, 80° elevation firing position.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1800
836
APG 32065 (1934
M2Al (M2El ) 20mm GUN MOUNT M2A1 20mm Gun Mount with gun in 30° of elevation. Other photographs of this series of gun mounts are shown on Plate 116 - 1802.
APG 85392 (1943 )
-
M2A1 20mm Gun Mount - top view.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1621
APG 85391 (1943) 837
M2Al (M2El) 20mm GUN MOUNT The M2Al Modified 20mm Gun Mount was the last in a series of gun mounts originally designed for use as a Marine Corps landing weapon against low flying aircraft and ground targets. It was eventually manufactured for the Canadian Government. The first of this series, the T2 20mm Gun Mount, was reported on in APG Reports 5501/1, 5501/2, and 5501/3 in which it was recommended that the mount not be submitted for service tests in its present form and that numerous modifications be made to improve the mount. T2 MOUNT REFERENCES: #1- 112, OCM 1 s 15792, 15883N, 16032. Next in development was the T2E1 20mm Gun Mount which had a redesign of parts and elimination of aluminum. It used a 20mm MK IV Oerlikon gun , Oerlikon magazine, T2 or T9 20mm gun adapter, and the General Electric Computing Sight. T2E1 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 17991, Firing Record P - 7378. TheM2 20mm Gun Mountwas formerly theT2El. This mountused the 20mm Gun Adapter M3, or the T9, also the Computing Sight M5 and Sight Mount M37 . M2 MOUNT REFERENCES: #1- 124, OCM 19705. The M2E 1 20mm Gun Mount was a modification of the T2E 1 Mount and was standardized without modification as the M2A1 20mm Gun Mount. It differed from the T2E 1 Mount in that it used the 20mm Hispano- Suiza automatic gun, M1 , the Oerlikon magazine was converted for use by the M1 gun, a new cradle, and the substitution of an open sight, M8, for the General Electric Sight. The development of this mount was reported on in APG Reports 5501/4 and 5501/6, and 5501/7. This mount broke down into several components for ease of transportation by foot troops. It was a manually operated unit. The gun was hand charged, was belt or magazine fed and was mechanically fired by a foot pedal. Firing was controlled by a tracer and by an open sight. APG Report 5501/5 (July 1943) which reported on the testing of the M2E1 Pilot Model concluded that this model as tested was unsatisfactory as an antiaircraft weapon because of its inability to obtain acceptable dispersion and to track accurately due to excessive movement of cradle and flexure of sighting system support, and recommended certain modifications. It also designated a 3/4 ton 6 x 6 weapons carrier as the minimum requirement for towing of the mount. The elevation of this model was given as 84 o 40 1 , depression as 4 o 31 1 , and traverse as 360 o. M2E1 MOUNT REFERENCES: #1- 132, OCM 21064. The M2A1 Modified 20mm Gun Mount was covered in APG Report 5501/7 (Nov. 1943) and the modifications recommended in APG Report 5501/ 6 were reported on, such as: (1) one model was modified by a tubular cradle brace, by a circular steel dust plate, and by solid thrust steel rollers lubr icated by oil cups; (2) two more models were modified only by a tubular cradle brace. In this report it was concluded that while these modifications increased its suitability as a light anti- aircraft weapon, the modified mount was unsatisfactory as an anti- aircraft weapon because of excessive vibration in the s ighting system and the inability to track smoothly when firing. M2A1 MOUNT REFERENCES: #1- 132, OCM 1 s 21064, 24621, 20673. NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1621 T
838
M2Al MOD. & M2Al (M2El) 20mm
GUN MOUNTS Other photographs in this series of gun mounts are shown on Plate 116 - 1621.
M2Al Mount Modified with tubular brace between gear segment & cradle.
APG 94170 (1943)
M2A1 Mount disassembled into unit assemblies. ............___NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1802
M2A1 Mount Modified with dust cover in base and oil fittings for bearings.
839
APG 85390 (1943)
M.A. R. GUN MOUNT (75 MM MOUNTAIN GUN)
Traveling Position
APG A 40447 (19 46)
The gun was mounted on the shield of the top carriage which, in turn, was mounted on a large ball bearing, which was supported by an open, four-sided frame undercarriage. The two gunner's seats were inside the top carriage. The undercarriage was supported at the rear on a single axle with dual wheels and supported at the front on a limber which could be detached when emplacing the mount. Two screw jacks, manually operated, supported the front end of the mount when the limber was removed, however, the mount could be fired while attached to the limber by lowering the mount on its jacks. This mount was designed for all purpose use anti - aircraft, anti - tank and field gun, and to in corporate features of low silhouette, 3 60° trav erse, high and low angle firing, high speed transport, stability without out r i g g e r s and minimum time of emplacement and deplacement. REF: APG 6172/1 (46)
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1753
APG A 40441 ( 46) 45° Elevation 840
This M.A.R. (Mobile, Armored, Revolving) Gun Mount was originally developed by Mr. J. M. Riboud to mount the British 6 pounder, high velocity gun. The U.S. prototype using a 75 mm gun was tested at APG in 1946. It was recommended that no further consideration be given this mount.
T133 AA MACHINE GUN MOUNT
Caliber . 50 View of T133 Mount showing installation of camera on machine gun.
Other details on this mount are given on Plates 116-1745 and 116- 1746.
APG A56559 (1949)
Right front view, 60 a elevation.
Left: Partial view of T42 Caliber . 50 Machine Gun used with T133 Mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1615
-
------··-·~
~-
841
. ···--·· . -
,...-------
T133 AA MACHINE GUN MOUNT This caliber .50 Gun Mount designed for manual tracking of low flying aircraft was broken down into the following five major assemblies, shown on Plate No. 116- 1745, for easy transportability: 1.
Platform Assembly: A circular magnesium alloy casting, containing frictionless bearings and supports upon which the base and controller assembly were mounted.
2.
Base and Controller Assembly: An irregularly shaped magnesium alloy casting consisting of a traversing mechanism (foot oper ated ), controller assembly (hand traversing wheel), elevating bars , tr igger assembly , sight bracket and sight illuminating battery box.
3.
Cradle Assembly: An irregularly shaped magnesium alloy casting containing the necessary fittings for attaching the cradle assembly to the controller assembly. It was recessed to accommodate the Machine Gun , T42, and had a sliding bracket at the rear for attaching the machine gun. At the rear trunnion bracket, a clamping device was provided to secure the recoil adapter forward of the machine gun receiver. Lugs were pr ovided on the left side of the cradle assembly for attaching the ammunition box. A cartridge guide was cast integrally with the cr adle assembly.
4.
Seat Assembly: Consisted of the seat bracket, the seat proper with folding back support and gunner's belt.
5.
Ammunition Box: A rectangular box with sliding cover having recesses machined in each side near the top and at each end for attachment to the lugs of the cradle assembly.
This mount used the T42 Caliber .50 Machine Gun, shown on Plate 116- 1745, which was basically the M3 with an Edgewater recoil adapter attached to the fo r ward portion of the receiver. The machine gun is fitted with a heavy ribbed bar rel. The M18 Reflex Sight was used with this mount. Free traverse over 360 o in both directions was contr olled either by the traverse wheel, or by a foot pedal traversing mechanism. Traverse Speeds: Hand operated, from rest through 90° . . . . . . 40° per second. Foot operated, from rest through 90° . . . . . . 60° per second. Free elevation was obtained by moving the controller unit by means of a trigger assembly handlebar. Elevation Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 o per second. -5o Depression, +85 o Elevation. This T133 mount is detailed on Plates 116- 1615, 116- 1745, and 116- 1746. APG Report TS3 - 3025/1 (July 1949 ) concluded that while the principle of operation of the T133 mount offered several advantages, the manual controls of this mount were unsuitable for the manual tracking of low flying aircraft, and the M18 reflex sight was unsatisfactory for use with this mount. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 29943, OCM C-688, RIA R- 8; COD, Contract No. W- 11- 022- 0RD- 11151; RAD-ORDTS- 6273-1 (1948 ); APG TS3 - 3025/1 (July 1949 ); SA TS3- 3017
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1615T
842
-
T133 AA MACHINE GUN MOUNT Caliber . 50
il l
Part of Machine Gun Cradle Assembly of T133 Mount. This mount is further detailed on Plates 1161615 and 116-1745.
Part of Con troller Assembly of T133 Mount.
Assembly Drawing of T133 Mount. ~VILLE Plate No. 116-1746
843
T133 AA MACHINE GUN MOUNT
Caliber .50 Ammunition Box
) 4..1)
Base and Con troller Assembly,
)
Seat Assembly
Cradle Assembly
Platform Assembly
This mount is further detailed on Plates 1161615 and 1161746.
The above .assemblies form the portable units of this mount.
Left rear view of T133 Mount, 60 ° Elevation.
f NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1745
844
J
EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-AIRCRAFT GROUND MOUNTS
Mock- up of Short Range AA M.G. Mount Left: RIA 2017- 4371 (53)
Below: RIA 2017- 42698 (52) Mock-up with shor t contr olframe. 0 o elevation Below: RIA 2017-42701 (52) M o c k- u p w i t h h an dwheel control
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1686
845
GREAT CIRCLE MOUNT,
SHORT RANGE AA
(MOCK- UP )
Left: RIA 2022- 42704 Right Side, Elevation Additional views of this slan tracking mount are shown < Plate 116- 1687.
Right: RIA 2 0 2 2 - 4 2 7 0 7 Front, Elevation, LeftCant
Below: RIA 2022- 42706 Front, 0 o Elevation, Right Cant
NOVILLE Platl' No . 116-1742
846
GREAT CIRCLE MOUNT SHORT RANGE AA MG (MOCK - UP) Additional views of this slant- tracking m ount are shown on Plate 116- 17 42.
Above: RIA 2022- 42703 (195 2 ) Right side, depression
Below : RIA 2 0 2 2 - 4 2 7 0 5 (1952 ) Rear view, 0° cant
REFERENCE: DA-11- 022- 0RD- 844 MAST Dev. May, 1953 Progress Report
--
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1687
847
SECTION 2
DIVISION L
MULTIPLE WEAPONS
This section includes ground and vehicular applications of both manually traversed and power traversed turret mounts using multiple weapons of the same type carried coaxially. These mounts required partial exposure of the one or more operators needed during firing and servicing of the weapons.
849
QUAD CALIBER . 30 A. A. MOUNT
This anti - aircraft pedesta mount used four water-cool· ed caliber. 30 B. M.G.
APG 23957 (1927) View Showing Recoil Cradles
APG 23953 (27)
View showing undercarriage of machine gun cradle.
NOVILLE Plate No.
116 - 16~4
850
Tl MULTIPLE MACHINE GUN AA TRUCK MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50
ORD 26799 (1930) This early (circa 1927) Multiple AA machine gun mount used four water - cooled caliber . 50 machine guns. A platform base supported the mount, its equipment and men. Traverse movement was achieved by the rotation of this platform on a base attached to the truck bed. Similar mount designations, the T1 Multiple Machine Gun Mount, AA, Quad Gun (OCM 5662);the T1E1, Triple Gun; and the T1E2, were recorded in 1927. T1 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 7529 OCM 8762 ORD Photo 27157
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1616
ORD 27081 (1930) 851
T2 MULTIPLE MACHINE GUN AA MOUNT Twin Caliber . 50
T2 Mount References: OCM 7985 OCM 8763
APG 27158 (1930)
The photograph above shows the T2 Mount manned. This hydraulically operated mount used two shielded twin caliber. 50 machine guns and achieved continuous traverse by rotation on a special truck bed.
APG 27083 (1930)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1617
852
T5 MULTIP LE MACHINE GUN MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50
APG 29299 (1932)
T5 Multiple Machine Gun Mount.
This hydraulically operated mount used four caliber . 50 M2 Machine Guns and the T2 Power Control. It was similar in design to the T4,20mm Gun Carriage. At one time this T5 Mount was designated the T5 Multiple Cal. . 50 Machine Gun Car riage. A similar mount, the T3, was developed at the same time.
T5 MOUNT REFERENCES: APG 0. P. 5166 OCM 20910 OCM 20917 OCM 21773
Elevation Traverse
T3 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 21544, OCM 21773, United Shoe C- 3003 - 2(1)
--
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1618
853
- 85 o - 3 60 o
EARLY EXPERIMENTAL TWIN CAL. . 50 AIRCRAFT TURRETS, VEHICULAR INSTALLATIONS
1/2 Ton 4 x 4 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage T1 With Twin Cal. . 50 Turret. C- 1055.
APG 48137 (1941 Twin cal. . 50 turret witt heavy barrel guns, 01 T1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage.
DA 7688
(1941)
T1 References: OCM 16202. DA 7685, 7686, 7683, 7682, 7684.
The T1E2 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage is shown on Plate 116-1672 with the M33 twin cal. . 50 ground mount. Twin cal. . 50 turret on T1E1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage (M2 1/2 track). Ref: OCM 16989, 18130. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1531
854
_rt.
,_.
DA 154:
-
-· .-
'
f
~ ~
Twin cal. . 50 turret on T1E3 Multii Gun Motor Carriage (M2 1/2 track) · Ref: OCM 23612, 23863. T3009 Elec. Power Turret.
QUAD CALmER . 50 TURRET MOUNT
This Maxson quad cal. . 50 power turret, when mounted on the chassis of the M8 armored car, formed the T69 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage.
Above : Turret mount with guns at 0 o elevation T69 M u l t i p l e Gun Motor Carriage Left: Guns elevated. REF: OCM' s 21522, 23280 DA876, APG 8 3 6 4 7, APG 83648 DA 1752 {43)
Power control panel and booster to left outboard gun 'O VILLE Plate No. 116-1829
855
APG 83271 ( 43)
D8394 TWIN CAL. . 50 ANTI - AIRCRAFT TURRET MOUNT
D 8394 Turret on T17E2 Armored Car.
DA 1027
This hydraulically operated turret had an illuminated AA sight adapted from Naval Equipment. The vision slits were used to aim at ground targets. It was used on the T17E2 Armored Car shown on Plate 116-1268.
Elevation - 75 o Depression- 10 o Traverse - 360 °
DA 10764 (1944) NOVI LLE P late No. 116- 1276
856
'!WIN MACHINE GUN MOUNT Caliber .50 These Eureka twin caliber . 50 AA gun mounts were for Naval use and operated in traverse and elevation. Figures 1 and 2 show the integral tur ret or "tub" type of mount, while Figure 3 shows the same mount as a pedestal design with a gunner's platform and po wer controls.
F igur e 2
Figure 3
Figure 1
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1229
857
M33 TWIN CALIBER .50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT The M33 mount was initially installed for tests on a modified M2 Half- Track Personnel Carrier and designated the T1E2 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. Various M33 installations were made on 4 x 4 and 6 x 6 trucks. APG Reports 5529/2 and - /8 noted that dispersion was high when firing from the 4 x 4 's although operation was satisfactory. Later, the mount was installed on the M3 and M5 Half- Track Personnel Carriers and standardized as the M13 ( T1E4) and M14 Multiple Gun Motor Carriages respectively. These are all illustrated in Plate 116- 1672. During the Winter 1942- 1943, M33 mount production far exceeded M13 and M14 Half- Track production and large quantities of the mounts accumulated. These were received and fired from wooden skids as shown in Plate 116- 1670. At the same time M7 Generator Trailers were also available in quantities, and a development was initiated to combine these items to form a mobile AA weapon. The combination was designated the T83 Multiple Caliber .50 Machine Gun Carriage and is illus trated in P late 116- 1671. Later M45 Quad mounts were substituted for the M33 mounts but no change in designation was made. Many developments were undertaken during this period to develop satisfactory machine gun trailer mounts . One such item was the combination of the M33 mount with the T45 mount trailer for airborne use. This is shown on P late 116- 1670. No designation other than T45 is noted for this as sembly, although the same trailer with the M45 mount was noted as the T81. Plate 116- 1671 shows another mount development in which the M33 was installed on the M3 37mm AA trailer. Many more variations of this nature were attempted but those illustrated are typical. Generally, these combinations we re repeated with the M45 mount as it superseded the M33. In most cases clearance problems arose, since the additional guns and ammunition chests of the M45 required more room. Gun mountings were also different. On the M33 mount, the two guns were held by means of the ring spring adapters. The M45 guns used heavy barrel supports in place of the ring spring adapters and were retained by means of securing pins passing through the gun receiver forward holes.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1608T
858
M33 TWIN CAL.. 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT
M33 Mount Shown Without Shield.
RAPD 82620.
The Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, M33, which was known as the "Maxs on Tur ret" was an open, semi-armored, self- contained power - driven anti-aircraft turret, mount ing two caliber . 50 Browning Machine Guns, M2, Heavy Barrel, turret type, and was intended primarily for defense against low flying attacking aircraft, and secondarily against ground targets. The field of fire was from -10° to +90° in elevation and 360° continuous in traverse. The entire mount, with the exception of ring gear and base, moved in traverse. The two large trunnions on either side of the top structure, together with the guns, ammunition chests, and sight are the only parts which moved in elevation. The mount which is com pact, rugged and self-contained, was a versatile unit which was used as a self-propelled vehicle mount, a trailer mount, or a fixed mount. Uses to which this mount was placed a re illustrated on Plates 116-1670, 116-1671, and 116 -1 672. While this mount was considered satisfactory, production was discontinued in favor of the M45 Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1609, which was a further development of the M33. M33 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. E7076, OCM' s 17848 &.17928, 18627 & 18839, 18681 & 18964 APG Report 5871/2 (August 1943) APG Report 5871/3 (January 1944) APG Report 5871/7 (May 1944) Report No. PG- 2. 814; G. M.P. G. Project No. 52 -31 (August 1943). APG Report 5871/5 ORD 8 SNL A- 54, TM 9- 223, TM 9 - 1223 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1608 859
M33 '!WIN CAL. . 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATIONS
On the left the M33 Mou on a wooden platform ba~ as a fixed mount. APG Report 5871/3 repor ted this use of the mount satisfactory.
1
A description and ref erence of the M33 are given on Plate 116- 1608.
APG 57250 (19 42)
To the left and below are illustrations of the M33 Mount, mounted on the T45 mount trailer, the combination of which was sometimes designated the T45 Trailer Mount.
APG 85284 (1943)
M33 Mount with shield on Mount Trailer T45- traveling position. This use is described in detail in APG Report No. 5871/2 in which some recommendations for modification were made. OTHER REFERENCES: OCM 25262 OCM 16190 APG 81781 (1943) . NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1670
M33 Mount and Mount Trailer - Emplaced for Action. 860
M33 '!WIN CAL. . 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT, According to APG Report 5971/3 this arrangement ,;,as unsatisfactm:·y.
INSTAL LATIONS Details a nd references of the M33 Mount are shown on Plate ll6- 1608.
APG 58511 (1942)
M33 Mount on 3/4- ton 4 x 4 Fargo truck. REF: DA 440 Right: M33 Mount installed on the M7 generator trailer.
The investigation of this combination was !'eported on in APG 5971/7 and foun 1 to be satisfactory.
APG 79773 (1943 )
Below: APG Report 5971/3 reports this installation a satisfactor y one.
The M33 Mount installed on the M3 37mm A.A. Trailer. 861
NOVILLEPiateNo . 116- 1671
APG 73349 (1942).
Plate 116- 1608 gives details & references on M33 Mount
M33 '!WIN CAL. . 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT INSTALLATIONS APG Report 5871 reports that the · tests of thes e vehicles with the M33 Mount were satisfactory.
M33 Mount Installed on Studebaker 2- 1/2 Ton 6 x 6 Truck. APG 68438 (1942). Right: M33 Mount installed on 6 x 6 Fargo Truck with bed removed
APG 65026 (19 42).
Below: T74 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. M33 Mount installed on 6 x 6 Fargo truck. REFERENCES: OCM 20156 OCM 21586 DA 1565
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1673
APG 77441 (1943 ).
862
TRIPLE 25 MM A. A. AND A.T. MOUNT
- JAPANESE
This Japanese gun was made for Naval service, but it was also used on land against aircraft and tanks. The weapon consisted of gas- operated, air - cooled gun units, each fed from a separate magazine. Each barrel was provided with a flash hider and cooling rings. Dual, triple and quadruple mountings were employed. Type 96 is shown here. There were believed to be three additional models of this gun, types 94, 95 and 97.
The guns were in a cradle which was held in the mount by two trunnions, about which the elevating action took place. A segment gear at the bottom of the carriage fixed the position of the weapons and the cradle in elevation. It was elevated or depressed by means of a worm which was rotated by a train of gears and shafts leading from the left side of the mount.
There were two types of sights for this weapon: Telescopic and or dinary antiaircraft course and speed type REFERENCES: Ord"Catalog of Enemy Materiel'; Vol. I - Japanese "Technical Sergeant;' July 1945
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1752
The traversing mechanism was motivated from the top of the pedestal through a series of gear and shafting to a worm which imparted movement to a worm wheel fixed in the base of the mount. Hydrospring recoil cylinders were mounted one on each side of each gun unit and iixed to the mount . Foot-control triggers operated the firing mechanism: the triggers on the twin mount were inde pendent of each other. The gunner could fire either the right or left gun as he desired, or he could fire both guns simultaneously.
863
2CM FLAK 38 QUADRUPLE MOUNT 20mm REF: ORD Catalog of Enemy Materiel - Germany
- GERMAN
Weight: Traveling position - 4, 890 ll Firing posit ion 3, 200 ll Traverse: 360° Elevation: 100° Depression: - 10 °
TM- E9- 228 (German)
Left: Mount ready for transport on special trailer ( Sd. Ah. 52)
... This mount was designed for employment against both ground and aerial targets. It was normally transported on a trailer but could be mounted on railed or semi- tracked vehicles. The mount consisted of a triangular base which had a jack at each apex for leveling the gun when in firing position; a traversing ring which was fixed to the base and upon which the carriage body sat; and the carriage body, which in turn supported the four barrels and accessories. A compensator bolted to the carriage counteracted muzzle preponderance. The guns were fired by a set of foot pedals; each of two pedals fired two diametrically opposite guns. The mount was traversed and elevated manually by the tracker . Empty cartridge cases were ejected toward the center of the gun mount into chutes leading to a deflector box which held about 500 cases.
Guns in firing position on fixed support NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1622
864
---
QUAD 20MM ANTI- AIRCRAFT TURRET ON GERMAN MEDIUM TANK
Aberdeen Museum Exhibit, (Two guns missing}. APG A43172 (1946) 2 em. Flak. 38 auf Pz. Kpfw. IV (1943} Flak Pz. IF Wirbelwind (Whirlwind}. Four Mauser 20mm automatic anti-aircraft cannon, Model Flak 38, were used in this 360° manually rotated turret. Manual control provided 10° depression and 90° elevation. Two foot pedals were used to fire the guns, with each pedal linked to two diametrically opposed guns. The nine-sided armored open top turret included the gun carriage and gunner's seat supports. The gun carriage and gunner's seat supports were an integral assembly, with disconnectable rods connecting the armored turret wall assembly, permitting the selection of rotation of the gun carriage with turret or without turret. When used at high elevation with the turret wall assembly disconnected less effort was required for traverse motion. Dimensions of the exposed portion of the turret were approximately 43 inches high, 78 inches wide, and 96 inches long. The turret was mounted on the chassis of the PzKpfw IV medium tank, with the complete five-man vehicle weighing approximately 26 tons. Sixteen clips of 20 rounds each Were carried within the turret, with additional ammunition stored within the chassis. The 123 pound Flak 38 guns used were derived from the MG 151 Mauser 20mm automatic aircraft cannon, which was also the basis for much American gun experimentation after 19 43, mainly in the caliber . 60 size. REFERENCE: OCO Page 34.1 (1945). NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1613
865
M33 AND M45 MULTIPLE MAClllNE GUN MOUNTS
The M33 Twin Caliber .50 Machine Gun Mount and the M45 Quad Caliber .50 Machine Gun Mount are shown in detail in this division. A partial list of views of applications of these anti- aircraft mounts is as follows: M33 References:
Page 194: Installations on the M13, M14, T1E2, and T1E4 Multiple Gun Motor Carriages. Pages 858 to 862
M45 References:
Pages 867 to 870
The basic design of these power turret mounts evolved from a twin to a quadruple caliber .50 as the necessity for increased anti- aircraft firepower was recognized. This series was used in large quantities during World War II. Var iations using other weapons are shown on the following pages: Page 871, 872 & 873: Twin 20mm Page 876: Twin Caliber .60 Page 891: 2 Caliber .50 machine guns & 2 75mm rifles A similar purpose twin caliber .50 anti- aircraft mount, hydraulically powered, is shown on the following pages: Page 181: D8394 Mount on T17E Armored Car. Page 856: D8394 Mount Other anti- aircraft multiple weapon arrangements of World War II are shown in Division B, as follows : Section 3: Multiple Weapon Cradles, Army Ordnance Section 4: Multiple Weapon Cradles, Navy Corresponding anti- aircraft usage weapon mounts employed in World War II by other nations are shown as follows: Page Page Page Page Page Page
108: 177: 179: 502: 503: 545 :
AA quad turret mount on AA MK I Tank, British. AAquadturretmountonHumberMK I Armored Car, British AA twin turret mount on Mark VI Armored Car, British. AA twin machine gun pedestal mount, German. AA quad machine gun pedestal mount, Soviet. AA twin machine gun pedestal mount on turret of MK II Tank, British.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1609T
866
M45 (T61) MULTIPLE MACHINE GUN MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50
RA Po 84263
REFERENCES: TM 9-223, TO 39D- 5- 2, (1944) TM 9-1223, (1944) TM 9-2205, (1952) P/N 6908247, Dwg. E8240 ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1, (195 2) ORD 8 SNL A- 61 T- 61 Mount, TAC Report KG - 2 OCM 19140, 19264, 19430, 19948 20025, 20228, 20241, 20276, 20574, 20788, 23473, 23916, 25035, 27854. APG Reports 5699/3, 5871/3, - /6, - /7. - /9, -/10, - /11, -/15. APG Photos: 72667, 72668, 72669 ( 1942 )
The M45 series of multiple machine gun mounts were similar in design and identical in many respects to the twin caliber . 50 machine gun mount M33. Primary difference between these mounts, besides that of the number of guns carried, lay in the size of the gun adapter casings and trunions, the M33 casings being smaller. Shortly after the M33 was placed into production, a development was initiated to mount four guns instead of two. This early mount was designated the T61 multiple machine gun mount. Its tests were satisfactory and upon standardization became the M45. Production of the M33 was then discontinued in favor of the M45 mount. The elevation and traverse drive system of both the M33 and M45 was unique, cons isting of a V -belt driven differential transmission. No means of auxiliary manual control was provided in the event of power failure, although attempts were made to incorporate such a means of manual control. Sighting was by means of the M18 reflex sight or the illuminated sight Mk9, Mod. 1. The mounts were capable of a traverse of 360° and an elevation range from -10 to +90° from the horizontal. As in the M33, the M2 ammunition chest, with a capacity of 200 rounds, was carried for each gun. A series of mount trailers were intended for development with the M45. These were designated T41, T42, and T43 to form the T74, T75, and T76 Multiple Gun Mount Car riages, respectively. This mount, with the T45 trailer, formed the T81 carriage for airborne use. However, its assembled height was excessive for the C -47 aircraft, and therefore the M45C (M45E1) mount detailed on Plate 116 - 1610 was used instead. When mounted on the T46 trailer the assembly became the T82 carriage which was later standardized as the M55. When mounted on the M3 Half-Track the assembly became the M16 machine gun motor carriage. As noted in the M33 mount detail, the M45 mount on the M7 Generator Trailer was designated as the T83 ( M51 ). The M33 series of mounts are detailed on Plates 116- 1608, 116-1670, 116- 1671 and 116-1672.
....
Installation of this mount with top armor removed was also made on the light tank M3 chassis. 867 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1609
M45C (M45El) MULTIP LE MACHINE GUN MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50 REFERENCES: M45C MOUNT TM 9- 223, 1944 TM 9- 222, 1943 TM 9 - 1223, 1944 TM 9- 789, 1944 ORD 3 SNL A- 1, Sec. 1; 1952 P/N 7015697 Dwg. E7015697 APG Report TT1-642/5 Report 5676/43 OCM 22521 M45E1 MOUNT Firestone Notes on Materiel APG Report 5871/12 The M45C (M45E1) mount was bas ically the same as the M45 except for the use of a short shield assembly and removal of the main base. Removal of the main base lowered the mount sufficiently so that when carr ied on the T45E1 trailer, the assembly, designated T81E1, was capable of fitting into the C- 47 a ir craft for airborne use. In standardization, the T45E1 trailer became the M20, the M45El became the M45C mount, and the combination was standardized as the M55 Multiple Machine Gun Trailer Mount. The views below show two different modifications for cold weather operation.
APG A56163 - #2 Arctic Kit Installation.
DA 27935 - #1 Arctic Kit Installation. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1610
868
CAL. .50 MACHINE GUN
M45D MULTIPLE MACHINE GUN MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50 The mount 45D differed from the mounts M45 and M45C, shown on Plates 116- 1609 and 116- 1610 respectively, in that a can noneers platform group, Ordnance Part No. 5700301 was added to the rear in order to satisfactorily use this mount on the Ml6 and M17 motor carriages.
The main base of the M45 was retained to raise the mount and improve action during depressed firing. REFERENCES: OCM 25035, 29030, 29270, 32788 TM 9-2010, 1953 ORD P/N 7362000 MWO ORD A61 - W
M45D Mount on Motor Carriage M16
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1611
869
M45F MULTIPLE MACHINE GUN MOUNT Quad Caliber . 50
RA PD 196616
The M45F Mount differed from the M45 and the M45D in the following ways: 1. Bat wings added for cannoneer's protection. 2. Plates welded over openings in turret to protect gunner. 3. Slip ring for intercommunication and radio connections and power interchange between mount and vehicle batteries. 4. Base extension added to raise mount sufficient for bat wings to clear fixed sides of vehicle. 5. Intercommunication added in order that gunner could receive local or remote fire orders. The M45F was mounted on modified M3 or M3A1 half- track personnel carriers to form the M16A1 Motor Carriage shown below. REFERENCES: OCM 34189, TM 9-2010 (1953), TM 9 -710 to 19 - 75A-77 (1953)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1612
870
--
T17El TWIN 20MM GUN MOUNT
The T10E1, Twin 20mm Gun Motor Carriage, which was designed for use as a self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon consisted of the T17E1 Twin 20mm Gun Mount on an M16 Modified Multiple Gun Motor Carriage Chassis (Half- track, M3A1, basic). This mount and carriage is shown on Plate 116- 1619. The T17E1 Mount was a self- contained, power operated turret mounting two 20mm Oerlikon machine guns, MK 4. The operator sat between the trunnions on which the guns were mounted and controlled the mount by means of the handlebar type rate control. No means of manual operation in event of power drive failure was provided. The T17E1 Mount was the production M45 Multiple Caliber .50 Machine Gun Mount, Plate 116- 1609, modified to accommodate two 20mm machine guns in place of four caliber .50 machine guns. The APG Report 5922/2 concluded that due to the high dispersion characteristics the T17E1 Mount was unsatisfactory for use as a light anti- aircraft weapon against low flying aircraft and ground targets. The APG Report 5922/2 mentions experiments in gun covers to protect the mount from dust and which could be used while the mount was in operation. Plate 116-1785 shows this mount and the zippered- type covers which this report concluded the most satisfactory of those tested. This mount was supplied to the British. T17E1 MOUNT REFERENCES: APG Report 5922/2 (June 1944 ) OCM 21811, OCM 21952, OCM 27973
90.1° Elevation 5.8° Depression Traverse 360°
T10E1 GUN MOTOR CARRIAGE REFERENCES: APG Report 5922/2 (June 1944) OCM 21952, OCM 27973, OCM 28293 The T17 Twin 20mm Gun Mount was developed prior to the T17E1 Mount which attempted to correct deficiencies found in the T1 7 Mount. The T17 Mount was the T61 Multiple Caliber .50 Machine Gun Mount, the experimental version of the M45 Multiple Caliber .50 Machine Gun Mount, modified to accommodate two 20mm Oerlikon machine guns in place of the four caliber .50 machine guns. This mount was installed on a vehicle similar to that of the M16 Gun Motor Carriage. The mount and carriage was designated. the T10 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. T17 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 21811, OCM 21952, OCM 19140, OCM 19264, OCM 19430. T1 0 GUN CARRIAGE REFERENCES: OCM 17157, OCM 21811.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1619T
871
T17El 20mm GUN MOUNT
APG A3072 (1944)
A description of this mount is covered in the text and other details with experimental covers are shown on Plate 116-1785.
T17E1 Mount
APG A3073 (1944} Above: Right gun and charging lever in charged position showing pivot point of the brake release lever. Left: Right gun charging lever in charging position.
APG 97895 (1944) APG 97415 (1944}
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1619
Top and Side View of T10E1 Twin 20mm Gun Motor Carriage with its T17El Mount.
872
T17El 'IWIN 20mm GUN MOUNT (WITH COVERS) Other views of this mount without covers are given on P late 116-1619 APG A657 (1944) Left side of mount, showing permanent cover bracket installation.
APG A711 (1944)
T17E1 Mount with guns and magazines covered, less muzzle cover, ready for firing.
-
Gun cover opened for charging.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1785
APG A709 (1944) 873
T89 MULTIPLE CAL . . 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT. MODIFIED
T77 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage, Modified. APG A42599
The APG Report 5699/6 (1944) on the Experimental T77 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage r eccommended a number of modifications. Some of these were made and reported on in APG Report 5699/7 (1945). Despite these modifications the report concluded that the T89 Mount was unsatisfactory. The photographs on this page are from the APG Report 5699/7.
REFERENCES:
Upper right gun showing feed me chanism attached, typical of T89, T89 Modified, and T89E1 Mounts.
T89 Mount & T77 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage: OCM 21109, 21951, 23650, 24383. APG Report 5699/6 (June 1944). Notes on Material, Cal. . 50 Machine Gun Mount T89 (July 1945) Contract No. RAD 1048 - 19. T89 Mount, Modified: APG Report 5699/7 (March 1945). T89E1 Mount & T77E1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage: OCM 25161, 25327.
Information and illustrations of the T89 Mount and T77 Vehicle Gun Motor Carriage are given on Plate 116-1605
M:o~t:o:riiiiO~Z::i!!!l!lll~;~'
T77 Multiple Gun Carriage, Modified.
NOVILLE P late No. 116- 1663
874
APG A42600
T89 MULTIPLE CAL . . 50 MACHINE GUN MOUNT ( 6) Caliber . 50 The Experimental T89 Mount installed on the Light Tank M24 chassis formed the multiple cal. . 50 Gun Motor Carriage T77 developed for antiaircraft protection for armored vehicles.
APG A30177 (1945) T77 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. This turret mount had six caliber . 50 machine guns mounted in a barrel type rotor which was located in front of the turret and moved in elevation from - 10° to +90°. The ammunition was car ried from boxes in the floor of the turret and fed through flexi ble chuting and electric boosters directly to the guns.
T89 Mount, Cut-away view of turret and basket - looking inboard.
The turret accommodated two operators who were able to control either hydraulically or manually the position of the guns. A reflex sight for each operator was mechanically connected to the guns by a linkage system. The T89E1 Mount was a modification to take computor sight and tracker T7 and was used with the chassis of the Light Tank M24 to form the T77E1 Multiple Gun .Motor Carriage. Further information on this mount and its development is given on Plate 116-1 663.
T89 Mount, Rotor with Guns Assembled view looking outboard. 875 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1605
-
T120 TWIN CAL . . 60 MACHINE GUN TURRET MOUNT This mount was tested by APG and reported in 5871/ 17 (1946). For this test the gun mount was fitted on an M51 Multiple MG Carriage which on road tests was found to be unsatisfactory for this mount.
APG A33355 (1945)
The APG report also concluded that the ammunition boxes, be cause of their weight and location, impose severe inertia forces on the mount, causing failure to the elevating mechanism. Excessive dispersion took place when the guns were at low elevation.
The T120 Mount was fabricated by modifying the M45 Multiple Gun Mount, Plate 116-1609, for installation of two cal. . 60 machine guns, T17E3. The mounting brackets for the four caliber . 50 machine guns and for their ammunition chests were removed from the M45 mount and replaced by mounting brackets for the two cal. . 60 guns. Two ammunition chests for the cal. . 60 guns were placed on top of the mount and a 24 volt wiring system was installed to fire and charge the cal. . 60 guns.
APG A33359 (1945) NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1604
876
T18 MULTIPLE 20mm GUN MOUNT Other views and installations of this mount are shown on Plates 116- 1791 and - 1792
This mount used four 20mm automatic guns, MK 4 (Oerlikon). It was electrically operated in elevation and traverse by means of a Ward-Leonard drive system controlled by drive controllers of the handle bar type mounted on either side of the mount and operated by two operators seated on each side of the mount. The drive system contained an added tracking feature. Hand cranks were provided for manual tracking in elevation on the left side and in azimuth on the right side of the gun mount. The four guns were mounted in a cradle inside the trunnions. The guns could be loaded two from the right side and two from the left by loaders stationed at the rear of the mount. When mounted on the T-65 Motor Carriage, extra magazines were placed in boxes on a circular rack around the base of the mount where they were accessible to the loaders as the mount rotated. The mount was equipped with the Computing Sight T77E1, which was a course and speed type sight mounting the Reflex Sight T125. AFB, No. 4, Project AA 746 Report concluded that while the T77E1 Sight was not adequate, that the Ward-Leonard power system aided tracking, and azimuth control damping, as in the T18 Mount was superior to other comparative drive systems. The T85 Multiple 20mm Gun Motor Carriage mounted the Tl8 Mount on the T65 Gun Motor Carriage chassis (Light Tank M5) and was developed as a highly mobile selfpr opelled gun carriage capable of engaging close -in fast flying targets.
A modification of this mount, the T18E1 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount, mounted four 20mm AN- M2 in a Maxon type turret. REF: OCM 20631, 21544, 21773.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1620
877
T18 MULTIP LE 20mm GUN MOUNT Additional data and views of this mount are shown on Plates 116-1620 and 116-1792. T85 Multiple 20mm Gun Motor Carriage Ref : OCM 24051, OCM 28799, OCM 28845, OCM 24204. 1) "'-).
DA 6168 T85 Multiple 20mm Gun Motor Carriage. T18 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 20324, OCM 20631, OCM R- 2367, OCM 22848 Army Ground Force Board, No.. 4, Project AA 746 (April 1947) Notes on Materiel, New York Ord. District, Contract W- 30 - 069 -0RD - 433 APG 5082/ 346 (December 1945), APG Project AA 746
.:
·,
:;:'()]
.Jt:..t .i Jn
AFB 2227 T18 - two control stations including azimuth and power cable. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1791 878
T18 MULTIPLE 20mm GUN MOUNT Additional data and views of this mount are given on Plates 116 - 1620 and 116-1791.
"
Army Ground Force Board No. 4. Project AA 746. Report of 29 April 1947. Fort Bliss, Texas. Negative No: 2226 - 11 E - 3
20mm Gun Installation Difficulty This illustration has been included as a warning to all young gun mount de signers. When materiel undergoes test or use in the field and something does not fit, the first tool used is a small hammer. If it still doesn't fit, use of a sledge hammer is occasionally resorted to. Although specifications always include requirements for ruggedness and dependability, some components are usually included that are not capable of absorbing this type of abuse.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1792
879
T19E2 MULTIPLE 20MM GUN MOUNT
This mount, when installed on a modified chassis of the twin 40mm Gun Motor Car riage, Ml9, was designated the T85E1 Multiple 20mm Gun Motor Carriage, REF:OCM 24204. The T19E2 Mount was an open, s emiarmored, power or manually driven, selfcontained anti-aircraft mount. It used four 20mm automatic guns, M3, mounted on a cradle capable of 10 o de pression, 90° elevation and 360° traverse. Two sets of handlebar power drive controllers per mitted control by either the traverse or eleva ~ tion operators . It used the T78E1 Computing Sight equipped with T125 Reflex Sights. T19E2 Mount Ref: AFB Project AA 746 (1947) APG OP 5922/4 & 5 NM, Boston ORO District, Contract No. RAD 1048 - 7. OCM 26249 OCM 26485 OCM R- 2340 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1606
T19E2 Mount on T65 twin 40mm Gun Motor Carr iage for testing purposes. T19E2 Mount, Gun elevated, rear view. V5640 (1945)
T45 DUAL CALIBER. 50 TURRET MOUNT
T45 Dual Cal. . 50 Mount, M- 894
APG A8300 (1952)
This anti -aircraft turret mount with two caliber . 50 machine guns used the T9 Sighting System. The manually operated linkage included an equilibrating mechanism to counterbalance the rear pivoted cradle assembly. Trigger actuating flexible shafts were located under the two foot pedals. Four turnbuckles served to level the rotatable assembly and its s ub - base upon the main base. MOUNT REFERENCES: AA Sketch #673, OCM 16190, OCM 25262
~OVILLE Plate No. 116-1614
881
SECTION 4
DIVISION L
COMBINATION WEAPONS
This section illustrates vehicular applications of exposed turret mounts similar to those of the preceding section except that these mounts carry combinations of different weapons, coaxially installed. The examples shown were partially armored, but not fully enclosed.
883
M42 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT (EARLY MODEL) 37 - MM & Two Caliber . 50
'·
T28E1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage APG 69778 ( 42) (Ref: OCM 18477 - later designated M15 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage) This M42 Combination Mount was an early version of the one shown on Plate 11 61257. Some noticeable differences were its lack of armor shielding and the us e of water- cooled machine guns.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1830
884
M42 OOMBINATION GUN MOUNT 3 7- mm & Two Caliber . 50 CARRIAGE REFERENCES: TM 9- 170; 9- 1707A; OCM'S 19627, 20680, 21979, 20599, 18957, 28349, 28708; Dwg. 31- 273; formerly T28E1 Multiple -r4~=iiiiliiJiiij~ Gun Motor Carriage, OCM 18477.
APG 75138 (1942) M15 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage This forerunner of the M54 Combination Gun Mount, Plates ll6-1117 and ll6 - 1258, was used with the top carriage parts of the 37mm Gun Carriage M3E1 on a halftrack vehicle to form the M15 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. This mount supported the 37mm Gun, M1A2, and two cal. . 50 machine guns, M2, HB, water-cooled. The sighting equipment used was the M6 Sighting System. This mount was similar in construction, operation and function to the M54 Mount, t he distinguishing feature for identification being in the gun arrangement of the mounts. The M42 Mount had the cal. . 50 machine guns arranged above and on each side of the 37mm cannon, while the M54 Mount had the machine guns located below and on each side of the cannon. M42 Mount References: OCM 19087, 20599, 24375, 28349, 28708. SNL A- 29. TM 9- 235. Dwg. No. 1- 27.
..........____NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 257
885
RAPD 314017 M15 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage
M54 (T87, M42El) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 3 7- mm & Two Caliber . 50
ABC0EFGHJ-
37-MM GUN CAL. .50 MACHINE GUNS BARREL SUPPORT EQUILIBRATOR CYliNDER MACHINE GUN REAR SECURING PIN MACHIN E GUN MOUNTING FORK FIRING CABLES FOR MACHINE GUNS FIRING CABLE FOR 37-MM G UN ELEVATING HAND CRANK
RA PO 123145
RAPD 123145 The M54 Combination Gun Mount, when placed on the carriage of the M3 Halftrack Personnel Carrier, formed the M15A1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. This mount supported the 37mm Gun, M1A2, and two cal. . 50 machine guns M2, HB, fixed. It was protected by a shield on the front and two sides, and was normally employed to provide highly mobile anti- aircraft protection. The M14 Computing Sight, a simple course and speed sight into which was s et the direction, speed and angle of climb or dive of the target, was used with this mount. Two ammunition chests, M2, wer e us ed to s upply the ma chine guns , which were located below and on each side of the 37mm cannon, while a loader feeding 10 round clips supplied the primary gun. The mount, gun, and crew were t r aversed in a continuous traverse of 360 o by means of a traversing handwheel to the left of the mount, while a maximum elevation of 85 o and depression of - 5o was obtained by the elevating handwheel to the right of the cradle. The mount had full automatic fire obtained by a lever on the base plate between two trunnion supports in the rear. Semi- automatic fire was secured for the primary and secondary armaments by two foot firing pedals. If desired, only one machine gun could be fired, this accomplished by disengaging a safety lever on one gun from the firing position. M54 MOUNT REFERENCES: RAPD Photos: 123148, 123151, 98442A - 123144 120166 - 123171 111993A - 120165.
OCM 23916 - OCM 24375 - OCM 26860 OCM 28349 - OCM 28708 - OCM 21563 OCM 21281. TM 9- 2300 (1949); TM 9- 235; TM 9- 123 5. Dwg. 1- 145; ORD 7 SNL A- 29.
Other views and information about this mount are given on Plate 116- 1258. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1117
886
J
M54 (M42El & T87) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Two Caliber .50 Other information and views of the M54 Combination Gun Mount are given on Plate 116-1117. A variation of the M54 Mount was the M54C Combination Gun Mount. It was the same as the M54 Mount but with the platform from the 37- mm Gun Carriage M3Al. T87 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 21281
~~~!.!~~~~:1 RAPD 122967 View of M54 Mount The M54 Combination Gun Mount was formerly the T87 Combination Gun Mount, while the T87 was developed from the M42E1 Combination Gun Mount. The principal differences between the M54 Mount and these two predecessors was that the T87 and M42E1 Mounts were placed on the carriage of the M3A1 37- mm AA Gun Carriage and used the M5 Sighting System. The mounts noted above were all a de velopment of the M42 Combination Gun Mount, Plate 116-1257.
M15A1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage DA 1127 (194 4) M15A1 CARRIAGE REF: TM 9- 710 (1953); TM 9 - 2300 (1949); OCM'S 21850, 22985, 22628, 22746, 21711, 21979, 24133, 28349, 28708; P/N 8358580; formerly M15E1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1258
887
T65 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 40- mm & 2 Caliber . 50
TOP VIEW OF T65 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT
APG 78271 (1943)
The Half-trackPersonnel Carrier, M3, together with the Combination Gun Mount T65, was designated as the Multiple Gun Motor Carriage, T60 (c.1943). A pilot model of this vehicle was testedat the Aberdeen Proving Ground andwas reported on in the first report of Ordnance Program No. 5946 of 23 June 1945. The T65 Combination Gun Mount consisted of the T5 40- mm Gun Mount, with one 40- mm Automatic Gun, M1, and two co- axial mounted cal. . 50 machine guns, M2, HB. This combination mount was constructed with a special base bolted to the bed of the half-track on which was bolted the mating base of the 40- mm gun carr iage, M2. The gun carriage, in turn, supported a circular platform and shield which moved with the guns in traverse. The two cal. .50 machine guns were mounted coaxially on each side of the 40 - mm gun mount. These moved with the 40- mm gun by the operation of the elevating and traversing handwheels of the T5 Mount. The machine guns were fed from 100 round ammunition boxes attached outboard of each gun. Each machine gun had a manual charging cable consisting of two pulleys attached to the side of the 40 - mm gun breech casing. Around these pulleys were passed flexible cables fitted with handles and attached to the cocking levers of each machine gun. The machine gun foot firing switch was located under the left foot rest of the elevation tracker, and the machine gun safety switch was on the lefthand frame of the circular shield. A detailed view of one of the machine guns and other details and description of this combination gun mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1191.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1134
888
T65 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT
40mm & 2 Caliber . 50
The APG Report 5946/1 mentioned on Plate 116- 1134 concluded that the T65 Combination Gun Mount did not have sufficient merit to warrant fur ther development and that no further tests be made. The report stated that the 100 round ammunition box was insufficient, the cartridge belt DA1171 (APG 77691 (1943) links jammed, and that the manual T60 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage charging system was unnecessary. REF: OCM'S 19960, 19274, 21298 It was found that firing all the guns simultaneously was impractical because of excessive motion transmitted to the mount by the 40- mm gun. The cal. . 50 gun brackets were unsatisfactory because of lack of rigidity, and there was insufficient space allowance for the two loaders. Also, the 40- mm gun Sighting Arm, C95029, limited the opening of the top covers of the two machine guns. The T65 Mount with the addition of a Stiffkey Stick and sights is shown in APG Photo 77616 on this page. The report states that addition of this sight created insufficient space for operation of the correction transmitter and the reloading of the machine guns. A modification of the T65 Combination Gun Mount, the T65E1 Combination Gun Mount, relocated the machine guns and added the Weiss Sight. T65 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 18861 - OCM 21298
APG 77503 Detail of Machine Gun Installation NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1191
APG 77616 Stiffkey Stick Installation on T65 Mount 889
T98 COMBINATION GUN MOU 40-mm & 2 Caliber . 50 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM' s 22520 - 25904
44 - 3313
This mount which is in APG Report 623.431.31 F514 was part of an experimental T65El Gun Motor Carriage and consisted of a 40 - mm Gun, Ml, Modified, and two coaxial cal. . 50 machine guns mounted on each side of the breech and parallel with the 40-mm gun. The 40 - mm gun could be fired manually or by remote control, but the cal. . 50 machine guns were fired by remote control from the Control Driver, T14.
The mount was designed to permit 360 o traverse in either direction and any pos ition from - 5o to 90 o elevation. Elevation, depression and traversing were a ccomplished by means of manual or remote control operated mechanism.
44-3310 Another version of this mount utilized the top carriage and elevating mechanism of the 40 - mm Gun Carriage, M2A1, less the remote control system. Her e two cal. . 50 machine guns, M2, and the T4 40-mmautomatic gun were used with the T24 Light Tank chassis to make the T81 Combination Gun Motor Carriage (1943) NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1133
44 - 3311 (Firestone) 890
M55 MULTIPLE GUN MOUNT 2- Caliber .50 MG & 2- 75mm Rifles
APG A29377 (1945 )
This mount consisted of a modification of the M45 Multiple Machine Gun Mount shown )n Plate 116-1609 mounted on the M20 Trailer. The modification primarily consisted of the removal of the two lower caliber .50 ma~hine guns and the substitution of two 75mm rifles.
~OVILLE Plate No . .....
116- 1736
891
MULTIPLE TURRET MOUNT NAVY
This multiple mount us1 four 20 mm guns and t~ caliber . 50 machine gun REFERENCE: DA Neg. No. 39 It was called the E 1c Turret, Model B-6, at manufactured by the Ele tric Boat Company, E l c Naval Division, Bayonn New Jersey.
DA Neg. No. 40
DA Neg. No.' NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1633
892
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, PEDESTAL MOUNTED
- GERMAN
The ZCM Tank Gun with the Coaxial M a c h i n e Gun 1941 (KWK38 ) was used with this mount.
REF: Arms No. 386 0159/2 German Handbook
Shown in Ground Firing P os ition
Shown in Anti- Aircraft Firing Position
-
NOV!LLE Plate No. !! 6-JH51
893
DIVISION M ARMORED TURRET, TRUNNION SUSPENDED, COMBINATION WEAPON MOUNTS Contents Section Section Section Section
1- - - World War II Combination Mounts to 75mm World War II Combination Mounts from 76mm 2 Post World War II Combination Mounts 3 Oscillating Turret Mounts 4
Discussion This division presents combination gun mounts with trunnion suspensions development starting with the period just prior to World War II. The primary weapons of tanks prior to this period, not over 47mm in size, also were generally suspended in gimbal mounts, as shown in Division K. The grouping is divided into four sections depending on the size of the primary weapon in the combination mount and type of mount. As was noted in Division A, the primary armament prior to World War II was represented by the British 2-pounder, the U.S. 37mm gun, and the Germ an and Swedish 20mm Automatic Cannon. The Germans re-equipped their tanks on the eve of World War II to carry first a 37mm gun and then a 50mm gun. The United States in turn used a 75mm primary gun having limited traverse in their M3 Medium Tank with the M24 Combination Mountconsisting of a37mm cannon and caliber .30 machine gun as secondary armament. The early World War II experience showed the inadequacy of the 37mm guns and the British mounted 6- pounders (57mm ) while the Germans changed over to 75mm guns. The U.S. followed by placing its 75mm gun in a fully rotatable turret.
895
The race between armor and armament which was accelerated during World War IT created a constant increase in armament size. Thus, the four sections presented here, even though based on primary weapon size, roughly follow a chronological pattern of development.
896
DIVISION M
SECTION 1
WORLD WAR ll CO:MBINATION GUN MOUNTS, TO 75MM
This section presents combination gun mounts carrying primary weapons up to 75mm in size and coaxially mounting caliber .30, or the millimeter equivalent, machine guns. These mounts were all mounted in turrets of combat vehicles by a single set of trunnions to obtain flexibility in elevation with the rotatable turret providing traverse.
897
M24 ( T8) AND M24Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37- mm & Caliber .30 The M24A1 Combination Gun Mount was similar to the M24 Mount described below with only minor modifications.
The M24 Combination Gun Mount was originally the experimental Combination Gun Moun~ T8, which used the 37mm gun, M1916, and the M2, cal. .30 B. M.G. HB. The armament used on the M24 and M24A1 Mounts was the M1919A4 cal. .30 machine gun and the 37mm gun, M6 or M5.
RIA 893 - 4594 (19 41) M24 Combination Gun Mount.
The mounting plate, which was bolted to the turret wall, functioned as the greater part of the exterior gun shield. Two rectangular openings in this plate were shaped to the contour of two co- axial circular r otors which pivoted on trunnion bearings on the inner side of the mounting plate. In the larger opening, on the right side , the machine gun hole in the rotor was to the left of the 37mm gun. An additional shield for the protection of the gun sleigh and recoil mechanism was provided. The smaller opening on the left accommodated the movement of the second rotor with its direct vision slot. The larger rotor on the right held the gun sleigh which rode on the recoil mechanism container. The machine gun was attached by two brackets bolted to the right side of the recoil mechanism container. Like the main gun, the machine gun was fired by remote control. Elevation of the mount was obtained by an elevating handwheel operating on a worm gear attached to the right side of the right rotor, while traverse was obtained from movement of the turret. Further information and views about this mount are given on Plates 116- 1269 and 12'60. T8 Mount Ref : Dwg 26632 OCM 11236 M24 Mount Ref: Dwg D47373 OCM 16531 OCM 26738 SNL A- 55 Sec. 9 Add·RAPD 72593, ' 22703' 83835, 50603. M24A1 Mount Ref: Dwg D7801 5 OCM 18844 RAPD 22704, 22699 SNL A- 55 Sec. 9 Add. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-.1118
898
RIA 893 - 4593
M24 (T8) AND M24Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37mm & Caliber .30 .
RA PO 72589
THE M24 MOUNT WAS USEDON: T13 Armored Car T17 Armored Car - Armament OCM 20680 T17E1 Armored Car - Armament OCM 20680 Additional data on the T17 and the T17E1 cars is given on Plate 116- 1270. M24A1 MOUNT USED ON: T19 Armored Car T17 & T17E1 Armored Cars T10 Light Tank, Amphibian (1941) M3 & M3A3 Medium Tanks M3 Series Medium Tanks: M3, M3A1, M3A2, M3A3, M3A4, M3A5. T8 MOUNT USED ON: T3E2 Medium Tank
Additional views and detailed information about these mounts are presented on P late 116- 1118 and typical vehicle installation on Plate 116- 1260. A - BOLT- A213315 B - WASH ER - BEAX2D C - BOLT - A213381 0 - BRACKET - C84846 E - PIN, ASSEMBLY - A 189746 F - SCREW - BCBX I CA C - WASHER - BEAXIL H - SCREW - BCBXICC fPLUG - A24668'6 J - /GASKET - A226932 (NUT - BBBXIC K - IWASHER - BEAXIL
I L - BRACKET - C84847 M - PIN, ASSEMBLY - A213769 N_ !SCREW - BCAXIAC NUT - BBAXIA P - SOLENOID · Bl83167 _ (SCREW - BCNX2AE Q !WASHER - BEAX IF R - BRACKET - C731 06 S _ !SCREW - BCNX2AH WASHER - BEAXIF (PLUG - A 168097 T - ~GASKET- A226933 U - STUD- A213306 V - BODY - B200272 W - SCREW - BCLXI .IEL X - SCREW'- BCWX3DE Y - MECHANISM, ASSEMBLY - D47424 [Z - SLEIGH ASSE_tABLY- D78
I
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1269
Sleigh & Machine Gun Cradle Assemblies for M24 Mount 899
M24 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT INSTALLATIONs
M3A2 Medium Tank APG55054A (1942)
The M24 Mount, detailed on Plates 116 - 1118 and 1161269 was the combination gun mount used on the vehicles shown on this Plate. M3A2 Medium Tank (19 47) Also Used: M27 Bow Mount, Plate 116 -1241. M26 Cupola Mount, Plates 116- 1242 and 116- 1562.
T19 Armored Car References: OCM 19246 OCM 21122 DA 241 (1942) In this photograph the guns were removed from the combination mount.
6
8
~
•
2
5
• ~
T13 Armored Car References: OCM 16866, OCM 18075, OCM 18525, OCM 19544. Also Used: M13 Mod. Ball Mount, Plate 116-1008. DA 8399 (19 42)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1260
900
M53 (T55) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 37-mm & Caliber .30
RAPD 39795
This combination mount, as the T55, was utilized in the Light Tank T9E1 (Air borne) and carried the37 - mm gunM6 and thecal. .30 machinegunM1919A4, Flex. The 37-mm gun was mounted on a sleigh which slid on the cradle while underneath the sleigh was a spring-type recoil cylinder. A caliber .3 0 machine gun was attached to the cradle at the ri~ht of the gun by two separate brackets. The recoil guard was bolted to the rear of the cradle with a balancing weight to offset the weight of the large shield. Elevation anddepressionof 30°and -1 0°was obtained by an elevating handwheel operating directly off a worm sector fixed to the mount. Firing was both manual and electrical. A manual firing lever was located on a bracket at the left side of the cradle while the gun was electrically fired by a button located in the end of the elevating handwheel handle. The machine gun was electrically fired by a button in the handle of the traversing handwheel. Traverse aiming of the guns was obtained by manual operation of the traversing handwheel which rotated the turret right or left 360 °. This mount did not incorporate a direct sighting telescope but utilized a periscope w/telescope which was connected by linkage to the mount for coordinated movement of the guns and telescope. It utilized either the M8A1 Periscope w /telescope M46A2, or the M8 Periscope w/Telescope M46. The mount was later designated the M53 for use on the Light Tank T9E1, later designated the M22 Light Tank. ; USED ON: Light Tank T9 & T9E1 TM 9- 724 (1943), SNL G-148, RIA Photo 1002-104019. I ~: This tank later designated the M22 Light 1• Tank -RAPD 332578. MOUNT REF: SNL A-55, Sec. 22 Add. Dwg. 047987 TM 9- 250 (1944) TM 9- 724 (1943) RAPD 83162, 39803, 39795, 60900. OCM 28265, 28618. I
1
J,
I
T9E1 Light Tank- Airborne NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1106
DA 3190
901
M34 (T48) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 75-mm & Caliber . 30 GUN,75MM M3
SHIELD, ROTOR D 51288
SHIELD D 50880
SHIELD D 67789 _
_/
M34 Combination Gun Mount - Left Side
CRADLE D 50905
RA PD 5 1 515
RAPD 51515
The developmental mount, T48, using a 75mm gun, M3, and a cal. .30 machine gun, M1919A4, was standardized as the M34 Combination Gun Mount. The M34 Combination Gun Mount was used on the M4 series of Medium Tanks. The 75mm gun, M3, as the rule, was the primary armament but the 76mm gun, M1, could also be used. This mount had two small exterior shields; one, a rotor shield was for the protection of the main gun, while the second shield was for the machine gun. However, in practice, the machine gun shield was rarely used. The basic shield mounting plate, as illustrated on Plate 116-1291, was bolted to the turret wall. This plate was centrally bored for the main gun which was carried in the gun cradle and recoil mechanism. The cradle pivoted on large trunnions attached by trunnion pads to the gun shield mounting platewith an elevation limitof 25° and depression of -12°. A slot in the shield plate allowed the protruding machine gun to move with the main gun. The machine gun cradle was attached to the left trunnion of the gun cradle and movedw ith the main gun cradle. It incorporated the adjustment mechanism, D90084, Plate 116-1306, for boresighting provisions. Further details of this mount are given on Plate 116-1291.
T48 Combination Gun Mount - DA6859 (1942) Machine Gun of M34 Mount DA 5083 (1945) Installed in T-22E1 Medium NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1115 Tank Turret. 902
r M34 (T48) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 75-mm & Caliber .30
RAPD 27198
M4A3 Medium Tank
This mount, which is also described on Plate No. 116- 1115, - used a gyro-s tabilizer to maintain a preset angle of elevation while the tank was in motion. There were no provisions incorporated for direct sighting equipment with this mount. A later modification of the M34 Mount, the M34A1 Combination Gun Mount, is shown on Plate 116-1116. Mounting Plate for T48 Combination Mount DA 6858(1942) T 48 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg D50892, OCM 16968, DA 6856 M34 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg D50940, OCM 1750940, OCM 16968, TM 9- 307(1944), TM 1307(1944), TM 9-2300 (1949), TM 9-759, TM 9-731A (1942- 3), RAPD 12418, SNL C-44 M34 MOUNT USED ON: M4 Medium Tank Series: M4, M4A1, M4A2, M4A3, M4A4 T22E1 Medium Tank M4A1 Medium Tank NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1291
RAPD 12408 903
M34Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 75 - mm & Caliber .30 SHIELD ROTOR - 0 68454
SH IELD, GUN - E572 1 RA PO 32070
This mount was a modification of the M34 Combination Gun Mounts illustrated .,n P lates 116 - 1115 and 116-1291. Some of the principle changes were: (1) The incorporation of a direct sight telescope mounted on brackets attached to the right side of the main gun cradle. This necessitated the machining of a slot in the front mounting plate for the telescope. The M55 Telescope was mou.n ted with the 75mm gun, M3, and the M51 Teles cope was used with the 76mm, Ml. (2) The addition of a new front shield which protected the main gun, the machine gun and the telescope. This front shield was attached to the main gun cradle by two additional bolts passing through slots machined in the front mounting plate. (3) The addition of a breech counterweight to balance the new shield. Additional views of this mount are shown on Plate 116-1 293.
MOUNT REFERENCES: DWG 050940, OCM 18961, SNL C- 44, TM 9 - 307 (19 44), TM 9- 1307{1944), TM 9- 731A {1942- 3), TM 9- 2300 (19 49) MOUNT USED ON: M4 Medium Tank Series: M4, M4A1, M4A3, M4A4, M4A6. T14 Assault Tank - Telescope not used and opening in shield closed.
RAPD 79845 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1116
904
BOLT
TRUNNION PINS
M3 4Al COMBINATION GUN MOUNT INSTALLATION
Additional data on this mount is shown on Plate 116- 1116.
TRIGGER FINGER PLUNGER
- - .; ;:;: : ~-~=:~~~~~~~~ji;_~i~1~~~~l1~~i~---------~l~LOWER
ARM OF LINK FIRING SOLENOID
Machine Gun Installation in M34A1 Mount
RA PD 12418
DA 741 (19 44) M4A6 Medium Tank.
This tank which used the D69820 Cradle & Pintle Assembly, Plate 116- 1524, with the cupola mount, was the standardization of the M4E1 Medium Tank, Reference: OCM' s 22633, 19724. 905
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1293
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, 6 PDR 6 PDR Gun & Caliber .30
RIA 916- 6538 (1942)
This experimental model, which used the British 6 P ounder Mark 3 gun and a coaxial cal. .30 machine gun, was the predecessor of the T63 Combination Gun Mount shown on Plate 116- 1129. The cradle of the 6 PDRGun was bolted to the trunnion r otor. The recoil mechanism fitted into the cradle above the gun, and a breech guard was attached to the aft part of the cradle. The sighting telescope was fastened to the right side of the main cradle and the caliber .30 machine gun was mounted on two brackets at its forward and rear mounting holes on the right side of the main cradle. The machine gun ammunition box holder, located underneath the machine gun, was bolted to the right trunnion bearing cap and main cradle with two prongs for the cartridge bag welded to the top. Traverse motion of the mount was obtained by the rotation of the tank turret, while the elevation handwheel turning a worm and sector elevated the mount by the pivoting of the trunnion rotor on the dual trunnions of the mounting plate. This plate was fitted flush against the turret wall and was curved outward to accomodate the trunnion rotor. The curved gun shield fitted over this mounting plate. Mount Used On: T7E2 Light Tank - M7 Light Tank (1942)
T7E2 LIGHT TANK REF: OCM 17108; OCM 17274; OCM 17275; RIA 89 2 File; 040771 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1025; AA Mount Pintle A232009. T7E2 Light Tank NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1266
RIA 892 -6571 (1942) 906
T63 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT British 6 PDR MK 3 or 57-mm Gun, M1, and Caliber .30 PLATE-040787 RECOIL MECH. - D40966A BRITISH 6PDR. MARK 3 CRADLE-D40903
SHIELD-D40810
FRAME-C9160l B.M.G. CAL •• JO Ml919A4 FLEX. ELEVATING MECH.-040940
RIA 921 -7132 (1942)
The British 6 PDR Mk3 gun or the 57mm gun, M1, together with a coaxial B. M. G. cal. .30, M1919A4, was the armament fitted to this mount. RIA 921 -7059 (1942) This mount followed the design of the 6 PDR Combination Gun Mount, P late No. 116-1266, with only minor variations in the cradle, frame, and mounting plate. The principle differences being the use of the telescope, M57, the incorporation of a stabilizer system and elevation drive mechanism, and the use of a solenoid for remote firing of the machine gun. Mount References: DWG 040947 DWG 40947C OCM 26738 RIA-MG-52 (G-6) 1942
T18E2 Armored Car
DA 8937 (19 43)
Additional data on theT18E2 is given on Plate 116- 1268 907
IOVXLLE Plate No. 116-1129
Used On: T18E2 Armored Car -57mm Gun, armamentOCM 20680 M7 Light Tank Br 6 PDR T17 Medium TankBr. 6 PDR
M64 (T90) COMBINATION GUN MOUN T 75 - mm & Caliber . 30
COMB INATION GUN MOUNT M64
RECOIL GUA RD 75-MM GUN M is
MACH INE GUN BRACKET
FIRING MECHANISM
. RA PO 878 18
RAPD 87818 The M64 Combination Gun Mount was originally developed as the T90 Combination Gun Mount. It utilized the 75mm gun, M6, as primary armament, and a coaxially mounted cal. .30 machine gun, M1919A4, flexible. This mount was fixed to the tank turret by large trunnion brackets on the gun shield. The recoil mechanism was of the concentric hydro- spring type with the mount cradle as the outside cylinder. The machine gun was fixed to the right side of the cradle by two brackets at its forward and aft mounting holes. A traversing and elevation adjustment mechanism was provided for the boresighting of the rna chine gun. Both guns were capable of being fired electrically or manually. The machine gun was electrically fired by a firing trigger located on the power traverse control handle and manually fired by the trigger on the rear of the machine gun. It was the loader ' s duty to manually fire the machine gun as the gunner's position was to the left of the main cradle. A hydraulically operated gun stabilizer was used which prevented the gun fro m being moved out of a pre- established vertical position by the "pitching' movement of the tank. The guns were elevated or depressed by rotation of the elevating handwheel allowing an elevation maximum of +267 mils and a maximum depression of -178 mils. Traverse of the guns was accomplished by hydraulic or manual traversing mechanism of the tank turret. Additional description of this mount and typical installation is shown on Plate No. 116-1190.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1119
908
M64 (T90) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 75-mm & Caliber . 30 T90 MOUNT REFERENCES: TM 9- 729 (1944) DA 4426RAPD 19730 M64 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 24250 - SNL C- 66 TM 9- 2305 (1947) TM 9- 313 (1948) TM 9 - 729 (19 51) TM 9- 2300 (1949) TM 9- 1313 (1945) T90 MOUNT USED ON: T24 (M24) Light Tank M64 MOUNT USED ON : M24 (T24) Light Tank RA PD 19730C
Installation of M64 Mount in RAPD 19730C Tank Turret. Additional details of the M64(T90) Combination Gun Mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1119. Sighting equipment for the M64 Combination Gun Mount consisted of the M65 Telescope Mount on the left side of the main cradle and either the M83F or M71K Telescopes for direct fire, and with Azimuth Indicator, M21, for indirect fire. Additional sighting equipment used with this mount was the M66 Periscope Mount, which used either the M10 or M16 Periscope with an adapter for the M4A1 P eriscope. The Periscope Mount was connected to the Combination Mount and moved in elevation with it and in azimuth with the turret.
·-.. 1 -- ."
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.:···:· .. .. . :··........•
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1
•
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•
•
t 'l
,
'
_ NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1190
T2 4 Light Tank
909
DA 3197
TllO COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 75mm & Caliber .30 The 75mm gun, M3, was the primary armament for this mount and the cal. .30 machine gun, M1919A4, flexible, the co- axial secondary armament. This mount was similar to the M62 Combination Gun Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1113 and 116-1256 except that it used heavier shields and utilized the 75mm gun rather than the 76mm gun of the M62 Mount. This mount had an elevation limit of 25 o and a depression of - 10 °. The AA cupola mount shown in the photograph utilized the pintle and cradle assembly D80030 detailed on Plate 116- 1240. T110 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 23955 T110 MOUNT USED ON: M4A3E2 Medium Tank M4A3E2 MEDIUM TANK REFERENCE: OCM 23278, SNL G 225, TM 9- 2800 (1947) Ord. Vehicle Characteristics (1944) M4A3E2 MEDIUM TANK USED: D80030 Cradle & Pintle Assembly on A. A. Mount, Plate 116-1240. 7008929 Ball Mount,Plate 116-1016.
-
.~
.
Plate - Ordnance Vehicle Character istiCI M4A3E2 Medium Tank NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1192
910
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. II, GERMAN
Models a1, a2, a3 and b
This series was developed from the experimental tank La. S. 100 of 193 5 which was derived from 1934 designs. The first gr oup consisted of a series of 3000 experimental tanks. They were produced starting in 1935 and obsoleted by 1939. Armament consisted of combination mount including a 2cm Kw. K. 30 with a 7. 92mm MG 34 coaxially mounted in a 360 c rotating turret. First Group: 7 ton Models a1, a2, a3.
7- 3/4 ton Model b.
8 ton Model c.
The second group of this series consisted of the 10 ton production Models A, B. C, D, and E. This group was armed with a combination mount consisting of a 2cm Kw.K. 30 or38 with a coaxial MG 34 in the turret. All of this groupwas converted to flame throwers by 1940 and redesignated Pz.Kpfw. II(F). Second Group: Model A of 1937, Models B and C of 193 8, Models D and E of 1939. Models A to C were aimed with telescope T. Z. F. 4. The remaining tanks of this series consisted of the Models F a,nd L. The Model F was armed similarly to the second group andaimed with either the T. Z. F. 4/ 36 or T. Z. F. 4/38 telescope. A view of this tank is shown on Plate 116-1415. The Model L was a complete redesign designated Pz.Sp.Wg.II Luchs, Sd.Kfz 123 and called the Lynx. This 11.8 ton armored reconnaissance vehicle was armed with a combination mount consisting of a 2cm Kw. K. 3 8 with a coaxial MG 34, aimed with the T. Z. F. 6 telescope. All tanks of this series carried 180 rounds of 2cm and 2550 rounds of 7.92mm ammunition, except the Lynx, which carried a total of 330 rounds of 2cm a.nd 2550 rounds of 7.92mm.
-
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1414
911
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, P z.Kpfw. III, Sd. Kfz .l41 , GERMAN The first type of combination mount, as used on the Model D Tank.
This series of tanks was based on e ZW Tank which was selected from three experimental models ordered in 1936 and tested dur ing 1936 and 1937. Development on small quantities of these tanks extended through Models A toE, with ten of A, fifteen of C, fifty five of D, and 100 of E beingbuilt, all during 1939. 450 of Model F were built in 1939, and star ting in 1941, production on Models G, H, J, L, M, and N brought the total of this series to 5,644. A total of five types of combination mounts were used within this tank series. The first type of combination mount included a 3. 7cm.Kw. K. (L/ 45) gun with two 7.92mm MG 34 machine guns in a 360° rotating turret. It was equipped with an internal mantlet and aimed by the T. Z.F.5a telescope. This first type of combination mount was used in 1939 on the eighteen ton Models A, B, and the nineteen ton D which was later converted to a commander's tank. The second type of combination mount is detailed on Plate 116- 1311. The third type of combination mount consisted of a 5cm. Kw. K. (L/ 42) with one MG 34 coaxially mounted. This type and the succeeding types all used external mantlets. It was installed in 1939 on the twenty- ton Models E and F, in 1941 on the twenty to.n Models G and H, and in 1942 on the 22 ton early J Models. Telescope T.Z.F.5a(Vorl) was used in theE, and telescope T.Z.F.5d in the remainder of the second type of combination mounts. 99 rounds of 5cm and 2000 rounds of 7.92mm ammunition were carried with installations of the second type. The fourth and fifth types of combination mounts are detailed on Plate 116- 1417.
The third type of combination mount, as used on the Model F Tank. 912
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1416
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. III, Sd.Kfz.l41, GERMAN Fourth type of Combina tion Mount as used on ModelL.
APG. A46947 Cutaway View of ModelL Tank in Museum Exhibit. Earlier types of combination gun mounts used in this series of tanks are des cribed on Plates 116- 1416 and 116-1311. The fourth type of combination gun mount included a 5cm. Kw. K. 39(L/60) gun with a 7.92mm MG 34 coaxially mounted in a 360° rotation turret. It was used in 1942 with the T. Z. F. 5E telescope on the 22 ton tank Models, late J, L, and M. 78 rounds of 5cm Pak 38 cartridges were carried with these mounts. 2000 rounds of 7.92mm machine gun ammunition were carried in the late J tanks, and 4950 rounds in the L and M tanks. The fifth type of combination mount, which included a 7.5cm.Kw.K(L/24) short low velocity gun with one coaxial MG34 machine gun, was used on the Model N. This 22tontank of1943 used theT.Z.F.5b telescope in the turret. 64 rounds of 7. 5cm and 3450rounds of7.92mmammunition were car ried in the Model N tank. All of these 5- man tanks were equipped with ball mounts in the front hull. The variations of these ball mounts are described on Plates 116-1075 and 116-1048. Fifth Type of Combination Mount as used on Model N Tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 417
913
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. IV, SdKfz.161, GERMAN
Tank Model H
The third and last of the production types of combination mounts used in this tank series was used on the 25 ton tank Models Hand J of 1943. It consisted of a 7.5cm.Kw.K40(L48) gunwith a 7.92mm MG 34coaxially mounted ina 360°rotating turret. The tank Model H with anti-magnetic mine protective coatings is shown above. The Model J was similar in appearance. Plate 116- 1418 notes the earlier combination gun mounts used on the 17.1 ton Model A, 17.5 ton Models B and C, 19.7 ton Model D of 1940 and the 22 ton Models E and F1 of 1941. Plate 116-1419 notes the second type of combination mount used on the 24 ton Models F2 and G of 1942. The T. Z. F. 5f(Vorl) telescope was used in the turret of the tank Model F2, and the T. Z. F. 5fl or 5f2 was used in the Model J. Either of these three telescopes were used in the tank Models G and H. All tanks of the Pz.Kpfw. IV series except Models Band C were equipped with ball mounts in the front hull. The variations of these ball mounts are listed on Plate 116-1077.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1420
914
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, EXPERIMENTAL Pz.Kpfw. IV, GERMAN
A Pz.K.PfW. IV with a 7.5cm(L/70) gun mock- up m the turret combination mount is shown above. A similar arrangement is detailed at the left, and a complete redesign is shown below. All of these combination mounts include·d an MG 34 machine gun and telescopic sight in a 3 60 o r otating turret. The Model 50 ball mount in the forwa r d hull is detailed on Plate 116- 1304.
Experimental Pz. Kpfw. IV with 7. 5cm. Kw. K. 42 in redesigned turret. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1421
915
GUN MOUNTS, INSTALLATION, Pz. Kpfw. IV Model F , GERMAN 2
Exterior view showing combination mount using 7. 5cm Kw. K 40 and coaxial MO 3 4 in front hull. Additional views of this tank are shown on Plates No. 116-1077 and 116-1419.
Walz~plende
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.
I II
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Cutaway view of ball mount and main gun.
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1:i' . · .··1
1 -....:____
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I
APG.
Details of the Model 50 ball mount are shown on Plates 116-1043, 116-1304, 116-1305, 116-1307, and 116- 1308. Details of the MG 34 installation in the combination mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1310. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1309
916
MG 34 MACffiNE GUN INSTALLATION, Pz.Kpfw. IV Model F , GERMAN 2
£ q d rsrhy_t,·rn_.< ill
A recoil absorbing cradle was used to support the MG 34 in this combination mount. Elevation and traverse were accomplished manually the same as for the main gun. The view above shows the foot pedal firing linkage for the MG. Drawings of the combination mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1309. Additional views of this installation are shown on Plate No. 116- 1311.
Sighting of the coaxial MG 34 was the same as for the main Kw. K 40 7. 5cm gun, which used a monocular telescope TZF5F havinganarticulatedstationary eyepiece, moving illuminated graticule, with a magnification of 2. 4 and field of 25 °. The telescope aperture was on the left hand side of the guns.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1310
917
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, Pz.Kpfw. IV, SdKfz.161, GERMAN
sc. (1940)
Tank Model A
Tank Models B & C.
SC.
Cs105 - 1~1939)
Tank Model F1 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1418
918
Three types of production combination mounts, in addition to several experimental types , were used on this series of tanks. The first type of combination mount consistedofa 7.5cm.Kw.K. (L/24) gun with a single 7.92mm MG 34 coaxially mounted in a 360° rotating turret. This first typewas used on the tank Models A, B, C, D, E, and F1, with improvements in armor and variations in turret details in succeeding models. A T. Z.F.5b or 5b/36 telescope was used in these installation. Tanks Models A, B, C and F1 are shown on this Plate, and tank Models D and E are illustrated on Plate No. 116- 1077. The second type of combination mount used in this tank series is noted on Plate 116-1419 , and the third type is noted on Plate 116- 1420.
COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, "PANTHER" TANK, GERMAN
Tank Model D Detail. 4814 of the Panther series of tanks were built between 1943 and 1945. They were developed from the VK3001 and VK3002 designs of 1941 and the Soviet T34. The 44 ton Sd.Kfz.171 Models A, D, and G used combination mounts in a 3 60 o r otating turret. The primary ar mamentwasa 7.5cm.Kw.K.42, with Kw.K.43 reported for late models. Records on the number of MG34 machine guns in the combination mount indicate that either one or two may have been used. Ball mounts used on the Panther series of tanks are listed on Plate ll6-1078. 79 rounds of 7. 5cm ammunition were carried. 2500 rounds of 7.92mm MGammunition were carried in Model D, and 4500 r ounds in all other models. A 42 ton armed reconnaissance vehicle designated Pz.Berge. W. G Panther Sd.Kfz.179 was armed with a 2cm.Kw.K.38 in the turret and a hull ball mount.
Tank Model A
-
.
Museum Exhibit of Cut- Away Panther Model G NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1424
919
APG A10452 (1944)
APG A46941
GUN MOUNTS, INFANTRY TANKS, BRITISH
Valiant Infantry Tank of 1945. Developed from the Valentine infantry tanks shown on Plate ll6 - l3 53. Experimental only,not used in action.
This tank was equipped with a combination gun mount consisting of a 6- pounder or 75mm QF gun with a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 c rotating turret.
Black Prince Infantry Tank of 1945. Developed from, but heavier than, the Churchill infantry tanks shown on Plate 116-1354. Six models built, but not used in action.
This experimental tank was equipped with a combination mount consisting of a 17 -pounder gun with a 7. 62mm Besa machine gun coaxially mounted in a 360 o rotating turret, and a 7. 92mm Besa machine gun in the forward hull.Both the turret mount and the hull mount each used a telescopic sight. The tank was specifically designed to accommodate the large turret ring required to mount the 17 -pounder gun. The Mark I Infantry Tank is shown on Plate 116- 1337.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1356
920
GUN MOUNTS, Mk II INFANTRY TANK, BRITISH
Turret Detail
Mark II Infantry Tank First built in 1939 and produced in quantity early in World War II, this tank was lsed by the British in France and Africa, by the Australians in New Guinea, and )y the Soviets. By 1942 it was outgunned by the Germans and was no longer effec tive. This 29. 7 ton tank was also called the "Matilda". A combination mount consisting of a 2-pounder gun, or a 3" Howitzer, with a mounted 7. 92mm Besa machine gun was used in the 360 o turret. A Bren machine rifle was suspended in an anti-aircraft mount on top of the turret for use .vith the cupola open. ~ oaxially
:;ombination Mount - List of Major Components:
L.
Blower
L
Head Rest
l.
Periscope
l.
2-pounder gun
),
Sighting Telescope
'),
Manual Traverse
7.
Power Traverse
L
Shoulder Pad Elevation Control
l,
Triggers
lO. Signal Lamp . ll.
Besa Machine Gun
l2.
Case Collector
IOVILLE P late No. 116-1338
921
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, SWEDISH
Combination Mount as Installed on L - 185 Armored Car The L- 185 Car is shown on Plate 116 - 1404.
leks
Combination mount as installed on the L - 60 tank shown onP late 116- 1092.
This combination mount was used on several Landsverk armored cars and tanks. It consisted of a 20mm Madsen automatic cannon and a Madsen machine gun coaxially mounted in a 3 60 o rotatable turret. These guns were per is copically aimed. A linkage connected the gun cradle and the periscope to provide equivalent elevation travel of the optical sight. An additional linkage was used to raise the machine gun aperture shield when the gun was at high elevation. This was satisfactory for anti -aircraft fire, but left an undesirably large opening in the face of the turret·
NOVILLE Pla te No. 116- 1405
922
DIVISION M
SECTION 2
C O:MBINATION GUN MOUNTS, FROM 76MM The continuous increase in armor thickness, and the accompanying upgunning of combat vehicles necessitated the use of improved armor piercing projectiles of higher velocity on primary weapons. Thus, the 75mm guns were replaced by 76mm high velocity weapons as battle experience was gained. The combination gun mounts remained of the same design but with impr oved recoil systems and elevating mechanisms. The method of mounting the coaxial machine gun also remained the same. In the U. S. mounts, the machine gun barrel axis was usually above the trunnion axis. It is interesting to note that the Soviets retained the drum type ammunition
holder for their coaxial gun, while the United States and Germany used linked ammunition.
923
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, EXPERIMENTAL
105mm Howitzer and Caliber .30 This experimental combination gun mount for the 105mm Howitzer with a coaxial machine gun was designed for use on the T23 Medium Tank. It consisted principally of the gun shield and adapter assembly, the howitzer cradle and recoil mechanism assembly, the breech guard, the machine gun cradle assembly, and the telescope cradle assembly. The main gun mount was bolted to the shield adapter which pivoted on trunnions on the turret wall. The trunnion bearing caps, which connected to the s hield and thus fixed the mount on the trunnions, incorporated the machine gun cradle on the left and the telescope cradle on the right. Provision for elevating, depressing, and traversing the coaxial machine gun to align it with the 105mm Howitzer was by means of a standard bore sight adjusting mechanism. Other views of this mount are shown on Plate No. 116- 1288.
RIA 987-11263 (19 44)
NOVILLE P late No. 116- 1287
924
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, EXPERIMENTAL
105mm Howitzer and Caliber . 30 Plate 116- 1287 has other views and a description of this mount.
RIA 987 -11262 (1944)
)
Neg L - 1051 (19 44)
RIA 987 - 11264 (1944)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1288
925
M52 (T70) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 105- mm Howitzer & Caliber .30 RECOI
GUARD
RA PO 127062A
The experimental combination gun mount, T70, was standardized as the M52 Combination Gun Mount. The armament for the M52 Mount was the 105- mm Howitzer, M4, and the caliber .30 machine gun, M1919A4. The mount consisted principally of a gun shield, a trunnion bearing mounting plate, the 105- mm Howitzer cradle with recoil mechanism which provided attachment for the breech operating and firing mechanism, and the co- axial machine gun cradle. This machine gun cradle, 7069151, was bolted to the left trunnion mounting pad of the howitzer cradle and moved coaxially with the howitzer cradle. The machine gun was fired by the same firing controls that fired the howitzer or it could be fired manually. The traversing and elevating adjustment mechanism for boresighting was 090084, Plate 116- 1306. A direct sight telescope was mountedon the right side of the howitzer cradle. A periscope, connected to the mount by linkage, was also used for sighting in conjunction with this combination gun mount. Plate 116- 1294 shows additional views of this mount. ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING MECHANISM ASSY- 090084
CRADLE BRACKET 7067058
2.00 x 4.50 x 0.0179 THK SHIM- 7067065/ 2.00 x 4.50 x 0.0299 THK SHIM-706706~\
-
1 2-IN SAFETY NUT-503322
LOCKING PIN ASSY- A335481
CHAIN ASSY514U60 RA PO 127077A
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1273
Machine Gun Cradle Assembly, 7069151 926
M52 (T70) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 105-mm , Howitzer & Caliber .30
M52 Mount - Right Rear A maximum of 35° elevation and - 10° depression was obtained by this mount. Other views and information on this mount is given on Plate No. 116-1273. T70 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 19394 - OCM 21113
T70 MOUNT USED ON: M4A4El Medium Tank
M52 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 21113, - Dwg D82013 - SNL C- 63 TM 9 -2300 (1949) - TM 9 - 1324 (1952) TM 9- 324 - RIA 1001 File - RIA 19662 File RAPD Photos: 12704, 85162, 19705
M52 MOUNT USED ON: M4 Medium Tank M4A3 Medium Tank M4E5 Medium Tank
NOVILLK Plate No. 116- 1294
M4 Medium Tank 927
RAPD 313331
M62 (T80) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 76- mm & Caliber .30 RECOIL CYLINDERS
CAL. .30 GUN CRADLE
RA PO 86249
RAPD 86249 The 76- mm gun, M1A1, M1A1C, or M1A2 and the M1919A4 caliber .3 0 machine gun comprised the armament for this combination gun mount. This mount, which weighed 2000 pounds, was the standardization of the experimental combination mount designated T80. The gun shield assembly moved on trunnion bearings fixed to the turret wall. To this s hield assembly was bolted the main gun cradle assembly, while the machine gun cradle E 6109 or E10016 was bolted to the left trunnion bearing cap. The Elevating and Traversing assembly D90084, Plate 116- 1306, attached to the rear of the machine gun cradle, was used to provide ~ores ighting adjustment. Firing of the guns was done either manually or electrically. A stabilizer on the mount held the mount at a predetermined elevation while the vehicle was in motion. A maximum elevation of 25 o and a maximum depression of - 10 o was obtained. Related sighting and fire control materiel used with this mount was the M83D Telescope and M57 Telescope Mount, the M10G Periscope and T116 Periscope Mount, and the M9 Elevation Quadrant. A detailed breakdown of the machine gun cradle and its components and further details of this mount are shown on Plate 116-1256. M62 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg. E6205, Dwg. E61 82 - OCM 15994 SNL C-64 - SNL G-205 - TM 9-2300 (1949) TM 9- 308(1949) - TM 9 - 1308(1947) RIA PHOTO Series 1048 - RAPD 77291, 19720, 1114076, 338097 A, 33 8999A NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1113
928
T80 MOUNT REFERENCES : Dwg. E61 82 - OCM 19994 RAPD 77291
M62 (T80) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 76-mm & Caliber .30 PIN, LOCKING, ASSEMBLY- A335481
I BOLT,
~~\.Iii~'l""9
HEX-HD., 1/2-20NF-2 I X 1-3/4- 223628 \ WASHER, PLAIN, 1/2 IN.L..L....----- / 11 8777
MECHANISM, ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING ADJUSTMENT, ASSEMBLY- 090084 RA PD 338996A
SHIM (CRADLE)- 7067065 SHIM (CRADLE)- 7067066
M62 Machine Gun Cradle Assembly
M62 MOUNT USED ON: T20 Medium Tank (1942) T22 Medium Tank (1942) T23 Medium Tank (1942) M4 Medium Tank Series: M4A1 - 76 - mm Gun M1A1 M4A2 - 76- mm Gun M1A2 M4A3
T80 MOUNT USED ON: T20 Medium Tank (1942) T22 Medium Tank (1942) T23 Medium Tank (1942) M4 Medium Tank Series
RAPD 338996A
Additional information on this mount is given on Plate 116- 1113.
'
I
- ,-
T23 Medium Tank
RAPD 313424
T23 Medium Tank References: TM 9-734 (1944); TM 9-1734A; OCM'S 26576; Experimental 105mm Combination Gun Mount, Plate 116-1287, 116-1288; 6580030 (D80030) Cradle & Pintle Assembly on A. A. Mount, Plate No. 116-1240; 093884 Ball Mount, Plate 116-1015; T103 Combination Gun Mount, Plate 116-1285 on T23 Tank Turret.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1256
929
M62 (MODIFIED) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 76-mm & Caliber . 30 & Caliber . 50
A modification of the Combination Gun Mount, M62, shown on Plates 116-1113 and 116-1256, using co-axially mounted caliber .30 and caliber . 50 machine guns, is illustrated in the mock- up on this plate. Here the cal. . 50 gun cradle was bolted to the left trunnion bearing cap while the caliber .30 machine gun cradle was mounted over and above the left recoil cylinder of the 76mm cradle and was bracketed to the cal. . 50 MG cradle. An ammo box was fastened to the underside of the caliber . 50 cradle. DA 2405 (1945)
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1114
930
DA 2406 (1945)
T124 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT )
DA 8570 (1946)
•
.
•>
The T124 Combination Gun Mount was ·used on the T30 Heavy Tank, as shown in the photograph to the left. This mount used either two caliber . 50 or caliber .30 machine guns or one of each cal iber coaxial with the T7, 15 5mm gun. Other mounts used on the T30 Heavy Tank: Experimental Combination Gun Mount, shown in DA 17011 below. This mount used one BMG cal. .50 M2 co - axially mounted with T7, 155mm gun. Ball Mount, caliber . 3 0 in frontal hull. Short pedestal mount, cal. .30 near assistant driver's hatch. The T3 0 Heavy Tank was similar to the T 29 Heavy Tank shown on Plate 116 1302, except it used a 155 mm gun.
T30 Heavy Tank (19 44) REFERENCES: OCM 27539, OCM 27245, OCM 25259, DA 16868 (1948), DA 14427 (19 47), DA 14429 (1948), DA 17010 (1948), Dwg. 31 - 324 - 1, 2 & 5. Weight: 69 Tons. -AM'<. _,.,..._...1nQ52.0<1 INSTALLATlOll1 TUQ:R£1'" SEAL- ?Oeen5 IHSlliLUIJlOH,~,_--101·11>7-
-
DA 17001 (1948)
The T30E1 Heavy Tank (1947), OCM 31668, was a modification to in elude experimental automatic loading.
""'-"""""--6UIJ. CI'L.ll0-77!31!12
NOVILLE PLtl!: N(). II fl - 12H!J
931
DA 17011
M67 AND M67 Al (T99 SERIES) COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS Further details of this series of combination gun mounts are given on P late 116- 1111. T99 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 22277 RIA Photo Series 975
T2 6E 1 Medium Tank D80030 Cradle & Pintle As sy. of A. A. Mount of the T26E1 Medium Tank is shown on Plate 116- 1240. T99E1 MOUNT REF. : OCM 22277 T99E1 MOUNT USED ON: M26 Heavy Tank T26E1 Medium Tank
SCREW. CAP, 3/ 8-24NF-2) X 1· 1/ 4 • 2 15993 WASHER. LOCK 3/ 8- INCH · 10332 1 WASHER, LOCK. 13/ 32- I NCH • A32285 1
APG (1944)
M67A1 MOUNT REF.: OCM 33342 TM 9- 1374 (1949)
T99 MOUNT USED ON: T25 Medium Tank (19 43), 90mm T7 T25E1 Medium Tank 90mm T7 T26 Medium Tank (19 43), 90mm T7 T26E3 Medium Tank M26 Medium Tank, 90mm T7
M67 MOUNT REFERENCES: #7054426- Dwg. D90084 M67 A1 MOUNT USED ON: OCM 27123 - SNL C-69 M26A1 Medium Tank ORD 8 SNL D- 39 90mm M3A1 TM 9- 1374 (1949) TM 9- 2300 (1949) T99E2 REF: OCM' s 24619, TM 9- 374 26831, 27123 M67 MOUNT USED ON: M26 Medium Tank, 90mm M3 M26A1 Medium Tank, 90mm M3 M26E2 Medium Tank, 90mm M3E4 M46 Medium Tank, 90mm M3 T40 Medium Tank, 90mm M3 E4 M26 Heavy Tank, 90mm M3
RECOIL CYLINDER
j,N~Ues l 21
I 31 1 -~ 1 I 51 I~
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1271
RA PO 58983A
932
RA PO 86803
M67 AND M67Al (T99 SERIES) COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS 90- mm & Caliber .30
.
EQUILIBRATOR, A SSEMBLY - 7054789
GUARD, RECOIL E10571 IOLD TYPE I
M ECHA NI SM, BREECH OPERATING, { ASSEMBLY- C 177019 ~- jMECHA NISM , ELEVAT ING, tASSEMBLY - 7028994
RA PD 338926G
M67 Combination Gun Mount This series of gun mounts utilized a cal. .30, M1919A4, machine gun and various 90mm guns such as: T7, M3, M3A1, and M3E4. The initial experimental combination mount of this series, the T99, was modified to the T99E1 by the use of a thicker frontal armor shield. The T99E1, in turn, with a number of minor changes to improve and facilitate the production became the T99E2 Mount which in turn was standardized without modification as the M67 Combination Gun Mount. The M67 A1 Combination Gun Mount was a modification of the M67 Mount with a redesigned spring equilibrator. The machine gun mount assembly, 7054188, for the M67 and M67 A1 Mounts, was bolted to the side of the left recoil cylinder and moved in elevation and traverse with the main gun. The machine gun was fastened to its mount by its forward mounting holes and the Recoil and Elevating and Traversing Adjustment Mechanism, D90084, which providedlimited elevationand traverse for bore sighting, connected the machine gun at its aft mounting holes to its mount. Traverse movement of the combination mount was obtained by rotation of the tank turret, and elevation and depression of the combination mount was obtained by the pivoting of the gun shield to which the 90mm gun cradle was bolted. The entire assembly was hung on large trunnions incorporated in the turret wall and mounting plate. The telescope mount, T172, for direct sighting was bolted to the right side of the 90mm gun cradle and the associated sighting equipment was the periscope mount, M73, Telescope M83C or M71, and Periscope M15 or MlOF. Additional information regarding this mount is given on Plate 116-1271. A modification of the M67 Mount, the M73 Combination Gun Mount is shown on Plate 116-1110.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1111
933
T102 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 90 mm Gun & Caliber .30 This combination gun mount was very similar in appearance, construction, and operation to the M67 (T99) Series of Combination Gun Mount. Refer to P lates 116 - llll and 116- 1271 for a description and views of this series of mounts. Refer also to another modification of the M67 Series, the M73 Combination Gun Mount shown in Plate 116- 1110. This T102 Combination Gun Mount utilized the 90mm gun, T14, a cal. .30 machine gun and the concentric recoil mechanism, T41. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 23497 - TERM Proj T- 1128 - RIA photo 975 - 11650 (1944) RIA 975- 12802 (1945) RIA- GM - 3(G16)(1945), 90mm gun data only USED ON: T25 Medium Tank Turret T26 Medium Tank Turret
RIA 975 - 11650 (1944)
RIA 975 - 12802 (1945) NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1283
934
T103 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 76mm & Caliber .30
RIA 974- 11641 (1944) This developmental combination gun mount for the 76mm gun, T103, used a shield similar in external appearance to the M62 Combination Gun Mount shield, Plate 116- 1113. However, here a concentric recoil mechanism, T42, was used. This recoil mechanism was bolted to the shield adapter which pivoted on trunnion bearings in the turret wall. On the right side of the recoil mechanism was mounted a telescope, and on its left side a machine gun cradle. This machine gun cradle , D7042079, was bolted at its forward end to the left trunnion cap and to the shield adapter. Attached to the rear of this cradle and the cal. .30 machine gun was a traversing and elevating mechanism for boresighting of the machine gun. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 23497 - Term Proj T1128 - RIA- GM- 2(G- 11) 1945, Plate B - RIA 974 - 12068 Tl03 Mount Used in the T23 Tank Turret Used On: M4Al Medium Ta·n k
NOVILLE Plall' No. 116- 1285
935
GUN MOUNTS, KV HEAVY TANK, SOVIET
First produced in 1939 at the Kirov plant in Leningrad, the original 48 ton KV used a 76mm gun. A later 52 ton version, using an 85mm gun, went into production in 1943. The KV/85 was redesigned in 1943 into the Stalin I, with a 122mm gun, by the Soviet tank designer Kotin. The cupola AA mount used a 7. 62mm DT machine gun. The illustration above is the only evidence obtained that indicates the use of a cupola AA mount on this vehicle. Ball mounts were used in the forward hull and at the rear of the turret. Additional views of these and the combination mount are shown on Plate No. 116-1144. Identification of the particular models of DT machine guns has not been made due to poor quality of the illustrations. Soviet drawings of a combination mount in the KV tank are shown on Plate No. 116-1153.
The KV is named after Klim Voroshiloff, a Soviet Minister of Defense. KB is the Soviet designation of this tank, "B" being the Russian letter equivalent to the English letter "V".
TllHK
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1298
936
KB
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, KV HEAVY TANK, SOVIET
Dr.il.la! cnycH otKJtlo MeXQHL/3MII
l
The coaxially mounted machine gun in this combination mount was fired by a foot pedal trigger control, as shown below. Aiming provisions were the same as for the primary armament. The machine gun was mounted on the right of the main gun, held by two support brackets, one aft of the receiver, with the second bracket clamping on the gun barrel with a quick release latching mechanism.
Additional views of the KV heavy tank are shown on Plates No. 116 -1144 and 116-1298.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1153
rpoc ---...
937
BALL MOUNT AND COMBINATION MOUNT T34 MEDIUM TANK, NORTH KOREAN
DA 9278 {1951) This 35- ton Soviet- built T34 medium tank was developed from the Soviet BT medium tank shown on Plate No. 116- 1146. Additional views of the Soviet T34 are shown on Plates No. 116- 1151, 116- 1300, and 116- 1301. It was designed in 1937 by Morosov, first revealed and used in 1941, and then produced in large quantities in 1942.Stalingrad alone, while under siege, produced 15 of these per day. The early Soviet designation of this tank was T- 111 or T-46- 5. Several turret variations were produced, with the main gun being changed from 7 6mm short barrel to 76mm long barrel, and finally to 85mm in 1943; all models included a coaxial MG with the main gun in the 360 o turret, and a MG ball mount in the bow. The external shield of the ball mount included an integral MG barrel protector tube and a sighting aperture. The suspension of this tank was derived from tanks s old to the Soviet in 1931 and 1933 by Walter Christie. NOTE: The main gunbarrel was destroyed by the crew when this tank was abandoned.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1198
938
BALL MOUNT AND COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS T34 MEDIUM TANK, SOVIET
MexaHuH- • oaumt.no
jJ.suzamellb fiOBOpOma
JapR>HaiOi.ijUU
This illus tration of an ear ly T34 is fr om a Soviet Training Manual.
This illustration is from an unidentified Britis h s ource. Additional views and data on the T34 are s hown on P lates 116- 1151, 116- 1301, and 116- 1198. NOVILLE Pla te No. 116- 1300
-
939
SECTION 3
DIVISION M
POST WORLD WAR ll, COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS
This section illustrates combination gun mounts of all sizes used in post war U.S. combat vehicles.
In line with combat experience, primary weapons 75mm
in size and smaller have disappeared. Gun shields and mantlets are thicker with greater obliquities for greater ballistic protection, with the later recoil mounts of the concentric type. The coaxial gun mountings were all similar, being cradles attached to the primary gun cradle with provisions for expended link and brass collection.
941
M71 (T117) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 105- mm Howitzer & Caliber .30
'
The experimental combination gun mount, T117, was standard~ ized as the M71 Combination Gun Mount. As armament, this mount used the M4, 105mm Howitzer, and the M1919A4, flexible, cal. .30 machine gun. This mount consisted primarily of a gun shield and a cradle. .... The cradle supported the 105mm Howitzer on trunnion bearings and provided attachment for a bre ech operating and firing mechanism, a gyro - stabilizer, the coaxial machine gun cradle, and the breechguard. The gun cradle was bolted to the rear end of the gun shield which pivoted on trunnion bearings in the turret wall. The caliber .30 machine gun cradle, Dwg. 7055401, was bolted · I to the underside of the left recoil RIA 1082- 19728 mechanism and utilized the Elevating and Traversing Mechanism, 090084, Plate 116- 1306, for bore sighting. The ammunition box assembly, 7024004, was used with this machine gun cradle assembly. The coaxial machine gun was fired with the same firing controls that fired the Howitzer or it could be fired manually. Besides the telescopic sight on the right side of the howitzer cradle, this mount utilized a periscope sight connected by linkage to the mount. ~
This mount is similar to the M52 (T70)Combination Gun Mount, shown on Plate 116-1273. Other views and data on the M71 Mount can be found on Plate 116 -1275.
RIA 1082- 19736 (1950) Machine Gun Cradle Assembly NOVILLE Pla te No. 116-1112
942
M71 (T117) COMBINATION GUN MOUNT, INSTALLATION
• GMP 72875- 1
Turret of Heavy Tank, T26E2
T117 MOUNT REF: Dwg. D70241 16 T117 MOUNT USED ON: T26E2 (M45 Med. Tank) Heavy Tank
'·
RIA 1082-19717 M 45 Medium Tank
-·-
.._.· , /
. >- r · ·
y-/
M71 MOUNT REF: Dwg. D7024116 OCM 29582 - OCM 29902 - SNL-C- 63 . TM 9- 324 - TM 9- 2300 (1949) TM 9- 1324 (1950). RIA PHOTOS: 1082- 19737, \! 1082- 19738, 72875 - 9 GMP '-'·""" t.~ 72875 - 2-GMP 72875- 3. ·••... -<~.;" M71 MOUNT USED ON: 'M45 (T26E2) Heavy Tank. Other views and information on this mount are shown on Plate 116-1112
II NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1275
Turret of Heavy Tank, T26E2 943
GMP 72875-6
M76 AND M76Al (T138 SERIES) COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS 76-mm & Caliber . 50 or .30
REPLEN ISHER FILLER PLUG REPL
ISHER
RAPD 133604
T13 BE 1 Combination Gun Mount The first experimental model of this series of combination gun mounts was des ignated the T138. This mount used the 76-mm gun, T91, and a cal. . 50 machine gun in the Phase B Turret (T3 Light Tank Turret) of the T41 Light Tank. A modification of the T138 Mount, the T138El, used either the 76-mm gun, T9 1 or the T91E3, and a caliber . 50 machine gun, or an optional caliber .30 machine gun. This mount differed from the T138 Mount in that it had a new and lighter shield, and a breech operating handle which was part of the redesigned breech guard for ease of operation. The T138E1 Mount, which was representative of this series of combination gun mounts, consisted principally of the gun shield and adapter assembly, the hydr ospring type recoil mechanism concentric with the 76-mm gun cradle, and the breech guard. The rear part of the shield adapter was bolted to the gun cradle and operated on trunnion bearings in the turret wall. The machine gun cradle consisted of two brackets bolted to the left side of the main cradle. An elevating and traversing mechanism allowed for the boresighting of the machine gun. The firing solenoid of the machine gun was attached to the main cradle and was actuated by the same type cable and control as the 76-mm gun. Bracketed to the right side of the main cradle was the T178 Telescope Mount for the T156 Telescope. Periscopes for the gunner and commander were also used in conjunction with this mount. This T138E1 Mount was standardized as the M76 Combination Gun Mount. The M76 Mount used the M24 (T75E1) Concentric Recoil Mechanism with the production version (M32) of the T91 series of 76-mm guns. Another modification of this series, the Tl38E2 Combination Gun Mount, included the T75E2 Recoil Mechanism. This mount, in turn, was standardized as the M76A1 Combination Gun Mount which also incorporated as a component the T7 5E2 Recoil Mechanism. Additional views and data on these mounts are given on Plate 116-1282.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1 281
944
M76 AND M76Al (T138 SERIES) COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS, INSTALLATION IN T41El 76MM GUN TANK
Installation of T138El Mount in Tank Turret Descriptive data of this series is on Plate 116- 1281.
T138 MOUNT REFERENCES: Dwg D7721456 OCM 32369 Tl38 MOUNT USED ON: Phase B Turret (T3 Light Tank Turret) of T41 Light Tank T138El MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 33317 SNL G- 82 TM 9- 730 (19 51) T138El MOUNT USED ON: T41El 76- mm Gun Tank, TM 9- 730 (1951) M76 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM T - 1303 OCM 34797 M76 MOUNT USED ON: M41 (T41El) 76- mm Gun Tank Tl38E2 MOUNT USED ON: T41E2 76-mm Gun Tank M76Al MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM T- 1322 M76Al MOUNT USED ON: M41Al 76- mm Gun Tank
CAL. .50 ANTI·AIRCRAFT MACHINE GUN
COMMANDER'S CUPULA AIR BLOWER GUNNER'S PERISCOPE
CAL .. 50 COAXIAL MACHINE STOWAGE BOX
!
TOWING PINTLE
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
COMMANDER' S SEAT
ItA PO
T41E1 76mm Gun Tank The T41E1 76mm Gun Tank was a modification of the T41 76mm Gun Tank and later became standardized as the M41 76mm Gun Tank. T41E1 TANK REFERENCES: TM 9-730 (1951); P/N 7386846; OCM's 33360, 33830, 34179, 33596, 33893, 34170. 945 IOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1282
133~22
M78 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT INSTALLATION ON M47 90MM GUN TANK Further details on this mount are given on Plate 116- 1109.
M47 MEDIUM TANK (1950, 52) REFERENCES: TM 9- 718A (1952) OCM' s 34265, 33485, 34300. 73 5199 Ball Mount is shown on Plate~ 116-1023' 1024.
A
M
1
/ ) -N
*E~ _4._-~DC * F--....~ " ·---
~.b~,ni:I:~~K ~~RA PD 147369 '-..,;
7
-sg
7537233 Machine Gun Cradle Assembly, and 7354902 elevating and traversing mechanism
Installation of Machine gun showing solenoid attachment for cal. . 50 machine gun and cal. .30 machine gun.
RA PO 147602
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1272
M47 90-mm Gun Tank- Right Rear View
946
M78 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 90-mm & Caliber .30 or .50
COAXIAL MACHINE G UN CRADLE MACHINE GUN REAR LOCKING PIN RA PO 147807
M7 8 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT The Combination Gun Mount M78 consisted principally of the gun shield and adapter assembly, the hydro- spring type recoil mechanism, M25, concentric with the 90- mm gun, M36(T119E1), the breech guard, and the machine gun cradle as sembly which mounted coaxially either a caliber . 50 HB Browning machine gun M2, or a caliber .30 M1919A4 Browning machine gun. The shield and adapter assembly was designed so as to allow for removal of the complete unit from the turret without first removing the barrel. The machine gun cradle assembly, 7537233, was bolted to the left of the primary gun cradle. It contained an elevating and traversing mechanism, 7354902, for boresighting the machine gun with the 90-mm gun, and front and rear locking pins for securing the machine gun. When the cal. . 30 gun was installed it was necessary to add a counterweight to the breech guard. A support on the machine gun mount was used to attach an empty cartridge bag. The solenoid for electrical firing of the caliber .30 machine gun was fastened onto the boresighting mechanism but the firing solenoid for the caliber .·5o machine gun was fixed on the machine gun. Both were actuated by the same firing cable and control. The maximum elevation of the combination gun mount was 19 o and maximum depression 5°, Details of machine gun mounting are illustrated on Plate 116-1272. M78 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 33805; TM 1374AA (1952); TM 9-718A (1952); SNL D-54; SNL D- 52; RIA 975 file; RAPD Photo 147860; DA Photos: 26780, 27282, 27283, 27285, 27286, 27290, 27291, 28142, 30451, 30452. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1109
947
T148 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 90-mm with Caliber .30 REPLENISHER ASSEMBLY
GU~
SHIELD
·1
RECOIL GUARD FRAME
RA PO 1 68~74
BREECH OPERATING HANDLE
Right Side of T148 Combination Gun Mount
RAPD 168974
Originally, a cradle for a cal. .30 machine gun, T153 or M1919A4El, was attached to the right side of the 90mm gun cradle and a cradle for a cal. . 50 machine gun, M2 or M2El, Flexible, on the left side of the gun cradle. These co -axial guns were fired either by the gunner or commander with the same firing contr ols that fired the main gun or they could be fired manually. This mount was later modified with the cal. . 50 cradle being removed and re placed by the cal. .30 cradle. A telescopic sight mount then occupied the space originally held by the cal. .30 mount. The Conversion Kit, 7391231, for changing the cal. . 50 to cal. .30 was designed but not used for this combination mount in view of these changes. Other information and views of this mount are given on Plate 116- 1130.
NOVILLE
Pl:.~lc
No. 116- 1274
Front View of the T48 Combination Mount on the M48 Medium Tank
948
T148 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 90-mm & Caliber . 50 & Caliber .30 REPLENISHER ASSEMBLY
BREECH OPERATING CAM
BREECH OPERATING CAM GUARD RA PO 168975
Left Side of T148 Combination Gun Mount This combination gun mount consisted primarily of a gun shield and a cradle. The gun mount supported the 90 - mm gun, T139, on trunnion bearings and provided attachment for the breech operating and firing mechanisms, co- axial machine gun cradles, and the breech guard The primary gun cradle formed the outer cylinder of the concentric recoil mechanism and mounted all the moving elements of the mount. The gun shield was an armor steel casting, the rear end of which was bolted to the cradle. The shield was bored for the 90mm gun and on each side of the central bore for the co-axial machine guns. It wasp rovided with bosses for mounting the trunnions and was secured to the trunnions by trunnion caps. The left trunnion cap was provided with an extension for connection to the range finder. Other data and views of the T148 Mount are shown on Plate 116-1274. T148 MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 33791 TM 9-718B (1952) SNL G- 254
(
T148 MOUNT USED ON: T48 Medium Tank, TM9 -71 8B (1952) - later became M48 Medium Tank (1953) View of T148 Combination Gun Mount on M48 Medium Tank.
IOVILLE Plate No. 116-1130
949
GUN MOUNTS, T29 HEAVY TANK SERIES
The six- man 69 ton T29 heavy tank was built in 1944, and underwent experimental modifications. The T123 series of combination mounts we r e used in this tank series. In addition to the various coaxial cal. .30 or cal. .50 machine guns used in the combination mount, these tanks were armed with a caliber . 50 HB flexible Browning M2 on a short pedestal on top of the turret for anti- aircraft fire and a caliber .30 flexible Browning M1919A4 ball mounted in the front hull . Other weapons included 5 or 6 M3 cal. .40 sub- machine guns, an M2 cal. .30 carbine and an M8 grenade launcher. The ammunition supply consisted of 63. r ounds of 105mm shells, 2310 rounds of cal. .50, 1080 cal. .45, 2500 cal. .30 , and 12 grenades. T 29 HEAVY TANK SERIES REFERENC ES: T29 (1944): Dwg. 31- 323, OCM 29033, 27331 , 27245, 27850, 251176, 25259, 31003, 31654. Used T5E1 and T5E2 in combination mount T123E1 s hown on P late 116- 1302. DA 14426, 4670, 15129, 8870, 8869 . T29E1 (1945): OCM 29824, used 105mm gun T5E1 in combination mount T 123 , No. 1 P ilot. T29E2 (1948): OCM32107, used T5 tur r et, gun T5E2 in combination mount T123E2, No. 2 Pilot. T29E3 (1948): OCM 32107, used modified turret for range finder T13E1, gun T5E1 in combination mount T123. DA 24369, Plate 116- 1808. Later developments in the heavy tank group included the T30 heavy tank shown on Plate 116- 1289, and the T34 heavy tank (OCM 27862, Dwg. 31- 347 ) which was similar to the T29, but was armed with a 120mm T53 gun and 2 cal . . 30 or .50 machine guns in the combination mount T125 ( OCM 27662).
NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1302T
950
T123 SERIES COMBINATION GUN MOUNTS 105 - mm & 2 Caliber . 50 or .30 or 105-mm & a Caliber . 50 & a Caliber .30 This series of combination gun mounts were used on the T29 Heavy Tanks, illustrated in the diagrams below. All versions of these mounts used a 105mm gun and two cal. . 50 or . 30 machine guns or one of each caliber. The T123 Combination Gun Mount used either the T5E1 or T5E2 105mm gun. The three recoil cylinders of this mount were all on top of the 105mm gun cradle . The T123E1 Combination Gun Mount, in turn, used the T5E2 105mm gun and it had two recoil cylinders on top and one recoil cylinder on the bottom of the 105mm gun cradle. The T123E2 Combination Gun Mount had the same recoil cylinder grouping as the T123E1, however, it was designed for use in the Pilot turret, T5, which was equipped with the M.l. T. combination turret traversing and gun elevating hydraulic power mechanism and computing sight. Installation and operation of these mounts was similar to the 155mm combination gun mounts as shown on Plate 116 - 1289. Mount References: OCM 27705, DA Dwg. 31 - 323 - 5, DA Dwg. 31- 323 - 2, Lists 7047333, 7047335. Used On: T29 Heavy Tank - Tl23 and Tl23El Mounts, T5, Pilot Turret for Heavy Tank - T123E2 Mount. Dwg. No. 31 -323- 1 DA. 14426 (19 47) T29 Heavy Tank
g. No. 31-323-6 'ILLE Plate No. 116- 1302
T29 Heavy Tank 951
DA. 14430(1947)
M73 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT,. 90- mm & Caliber .30 E. MUZZLE- 7236568 AMBER. BORE EVACUA TOR- 7236665
GUARD. BREECH LEFT- 7052115
H. RIGHT- 705521 2
MOUNT. MACH INE GUN. CAL.. 30, ASSY- 7722383 BRACKET. CON TROL- 73288 12 BOLT. LEVER PIVOT- 7328821 RA PD 1218320
This mount was a modification of the M67 Combination Gun Mount, shown on Plate 116- 1111. It was developed specifically for the purpose of mounting the 90- mm M3A1 gun in the M46 Medium Tank. The M73 Mount differed from the M67 in the following ways: It incorporated a modified shield, redesigned spring equilibrator, and gun travel lock. It als o featured new type buffers in the recoil mechanism, a modified shell ejector cam, and a new cocking mechanism. The co- axial caliber .30 machine gun, M1919A4, was mounted on the Cradle, AmmunitionBoxandChute Assembly, 7722383, and used the Elevating and Traversing Mechanism, D90084, for boresighting of the machine gun. Further details of the mechanism D90084 are shown on Plate 116- 1306. PIN, LOCKING, MACHINE GUN, ASSY- A335481
M73 Mount References: OCM 32995 SNL D- 47 TM 9-718 TM 9- 1374 (1949) M73 Mount Used On: M46 Medium Tank, TM 9- 1374 (1949) M46A1 Medium Tank, TM 9- 718 (1949) The photo on the left illustrates the 7722383 Cradle, Ammunition Box and Chute Assembly for the caliber .30 machine gun. The cradle of this assembly was bolted to the left side of the main gun cradle.
SUPPORT, AMMUNITION BOX, ASSY-7722305
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1110
952
DIVISION M
SECTION 4
OSCILLATING TURRET MOUNTS
The oscillating turret with combination weapons is a special application wherein the primary and coaxial weapons are mounted in fixed cr adles , except for bore sight provisions, and the entire turret rotates on an outboard set of trunnions to obtain elevation and depression of the weapons. Traverse of the weapon is obtained by rotating the entire assembly within its turret ring. Division A, Sections 1 and 5, Plates 116- 1378 and 116- 1379, respectively, illustrate French combination weapon mounts utilizing the oscillating turret concept on light and heavy tanks as well as armored cars.
953
T62 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 40- mm & 2 Caliber .50 Photo on the right gives a view of right assist motor drive used to aid in feeding belt of cal. . 50 ammunition to righthand machine gun. The photo below gives a view showing: (1) Lid for assist motor (2) Lever over assist motor limit switch (3) Guides ( 4) Top cover of cal. . 50 machine gun APG 82423 The Pilot Model of the T52 vehicle was tested at Aberdeen Pr oving Ground and reported as the second report on Ordnance Pr ogram 5946 of June 1, 1943. It was concluded from the tests that the T62 Mount, as furnished, was unsatisfactory because of insufficient turret space, poor turret balance and poor ventilation. In addition, no auxiliary escape hatch was provided, or provision made for proper and efficient drainage of water from the turret. Maximum elevation was insufficient and not enough storage space was provided for ammunition. Severe problems were encountered in disposal of expended cases from both the 40mm gun and the . 50 caliber machine guns.
APG 82424
Other details and descr iption of this mount are shown on Plate 116- 1132. T62 MOUNT REFERENCES : OCM 25707 OCM 18553 (T52)
Mounting for Cal. . 50 Machine Gun, M2 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1312
954
T62 COMBINATION GUN MOUNT
40-mm & 2 Caliber .50 The T62 Combination Gun Mount as a complete turret and mounted in a specially modified Medium Tank, M4, chassis, was designated the T52 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. This mount consisted of a large, flat concentric traverse ring and basket, centered in which was a barrel-shaped turret which pivoted on large trunnions cased on the exterior of the concentric ring. In operation only the turret moved in elevation; but in traverse both the turret and basket moved. The40-mmAAGun, M1, was mounted centrally within the turret, while the cal. . 50 machine guns, M2, H. B. fixed, were externally mounted on each side of the turret. All guns were loaded and fired Firing P osition: from within the turret. The operator and loader 270 o - rt traverse were seated inside the turret and moved bodily with 77°19' Max. elevathe turret. Access to the turret was by two opention ings at the top of the turret when the guns were in a horizontal position. Vision ports were located on either side of the turret above each machine gun and on the right side of the front of the turret. Rotation of the concentric traverse ring in the tank chassis provided traverse movement for the guns, while a maximum elevation of 77 °19' and depression of maximum 4 o 18' APG 79877 was obtained by the pivoting of the barrel- turret on the large trunnions. Details of the cal. . 50 installation and other information on this mount is given on Plate No. 116-1312.
T52 Multiple Gun Carriage: T62 Mount on M4 Med. Tank Chassis NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1132
955
APG 79283
DIVISION N
ENG LOSED AIRCRAFT MOUNTS, SINGLE AND MULTIPLE WEAPONS
These aircraft mounts are presented as part of this vehicular secondar y armament study since such installations incorporate design features and concepts which may be of interest to designers of vehicular mounts. This material does not attempt to cover the broad field of aircraft mounts, however, it does include representative designs which were selected on the basis of interesting details affecting secondary armament mounting.
957
SINGLE CALIBER . 50 UPPER TURRET 150SE SERIES ( GRUMMAN)
I G RUMMAN ISO SE -I
RING GEAR
CONTROL UNIT
SEGMENT GEAR
Schematic of Electric Turret Drive, Model G. E. 2CGS50USA1 used on 150SE- 1 Turret
150SE- 1 Turret: Used on upper deck of TBF- 1, TBM-1 , and TBM-1C aircraft. The control was a single movable hand grip with stationary left hand grip containing the dead man switch, the gunner sat behind armor plate and used an Illuminated Sight Mark 9. The gun was charged manually and fired by pressing a trigger switch on the control grip. The turret used a block type gunfire interrupter. The Electric Turret Drive, Model G. E. 2CGS50USA1 was used with this turret.
Weight: approx. 645 lbs. Diameter: 48. 5" approx. Height: approx. 66. 5" Traverse: continuous 360° Gun Elevation : - 30 to +85 o Voltage : 24- volt DC. Dwg. No: Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp., 21756.
150SE- 2 Turret: This turret wasused~ntheupperdeck ofTBF- 1C, TMB-1, and TBM-lC aircraft. It was similar in appearance to the 150SE- 1, but had the following changes: A new type G. E. amplidyne- drive powered the turret. A new type junction box was installed behind the seat replacing the old box located under the gun mount adapter. A single right hand control grip, with the left hand grip eliminated, incorporated the dead man switch· A profile type gunfire interrupter replaced the old style block type formerly used. The Electric Turret Drive, Model G. E. 2CGS50USB1 was used with this turret. The 150SE- 1 Turret could be replaced by the 150SE- 2. However the 150SE-2 turret was not replaceable by the 150SE-1 without the necessary fire interrupter cams. Ref: O.P. 865
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1768
958
AIRCRAFT TURRET MOUNT
- ITALIAN
Caliber 7. 7 MG
The s e turret- type machine gun mounts were mounted on an Italian water- based aircraft. The s e turrets were controlled by a "Breda" hydra u 1 i c system, differing from each other principally in the design of the windshields.
Nose Mounted Turret Mount
These turrets we r e mounted in the nose, tail and over the engine of the aircraft. They useda " SAFAT", cal. 7.7 machine gun. These guns were fed with a continuous belt of 500 cartridges.
Tail Mounted Turret Mount
Turret mount, p 1 a c e d above the e n g in e of aircraft.
REF: Italian Manual C. A. 362 " CANT Z 501 " 1940
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1848
959
TWIN CALIBER . 50 MG AIRCRAFT TURRET
This Martin aircraft t u r r e t is s how n here mounted on a truck bed for experimental pu r poses.
SD 25642 (1942)
SD 25638 (1942)
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1763
960
TWIN CALIBER .50 UPPER AIRCRAFT TURRET 250CE- 5 to 17 Series ( MARTIN )
Weight: approx. 929 lb. Diameter: approx. 41" Height~' approx. 60" Traverse: 360 o continuous Gun Elevation: - 3 o to +85 o Voltage: 28-volt D. C.
250CE- 5 Turret: Was an AAFturret type A-3C used in upper deck position on PB4Y-1 aircraft. Featured: amplidyne- driven turret and supplementary manual control; profile gun interrupters; illuminated Sight Type N- 6A or Mark 9 . This turret replaced Model Martin 250CE - 3A. REF: AAF Tech. - Order 11-45 BB-1 Dwg. 250CE50 250CE - 7 Turret: used in PV- 1 similar to 250CE- 5 but had different profile gun interrupter. Dwg. No. 250CE70. 250CE- 12 Turret: used in PV- 1 improved version of 250CE- 7. Had face armor and auxiliary foot firing. Used illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods. Dwg. No. 250CE120 Weight: approx. 1058 lb. 250CE- 13 250CE - 12 lower and Dwg. No.
Turret: used in PV-2. Same as except with different contour folgunfire interrupter. 250CE130
Schematic of electric turret drive. Models G. E. 2CGD50USC1, C2, C3 used with this series of turrets. 250CE-16 Turret: used inPB4Y- 2. Same as 250CE- 13 except change in gunfire interrupter and contour follower and addition of a clear vision dome. Dwg. 250CE160. 250C E-15 250CE-17 Turret: used in PB4Y- 2. Same Turret as 250CE-16 except change in gunfire interrupter and contour follower. Dwg. No. 250CE150 Dwg. No. 250CE170. 250CE-15 Turret: used in PB4Y-1. Same as 250CE - 13 but with change in gunfire interREF. OP865 rupter and contour follower and addition of a clear vision dome and a Fairchild Computing Sight Type K- 8. IOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1766
961
NOSE TURRETS - 250SH SERIES (MARTIN) This series of no s e tur ret1 used 2 cal. . 50 machine gun8
SIDE
250SH-1
FRONT
250SH- 1 Specifications Diameter : approx. 54" Height : approx. 66" Weight: approx. 1042 lbs. Traverse: 90 o either side 0 center position Elevation of Guns: -33 ° t1 +80°. ( By tilting turret ring in air. craft 15 o, airplane coverag1 changed to 48 o an d 65 o re. spectively. D w g. No: Glenn L. Martil Co., 162C860.
250SH-1 Turret: Located formerly in bow of PBM-3C aircraft. Turret was operated by a Vickers drive and had emergency hand pump for manual operation. The gunner had adjustable seat and used Illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods. The guns were charged manu. ally and fired by pressing a trigger on the control grips.
250SH- 1A Turret: Was used in bow of PBM- 3D and some PPM-5 aircraft. It was similar to 250SH-1, however, the gun saddle was stronger and Interstate hydraulic gun char g. ers replaced the manual type. It had no gunfire interrupters; but mechanical azimutl limit stops were included. Weight: approx. 1089 lbs. Dwg. No: Glenn L. Martin Co., 162C860 Revised. 250SH-2 Turret: Was used in bow of PB2Y- 3 aircraft. Same as 250SH- 1 except that th1 canvas drain bag below the turret was replaced with a metal drain trough, and the azimutl stops were relocated. Provision for rebreather type oxygen systems was included. Dwg No: Glenn L. Martin Co., 250SH20. 250SH-3 Turret: Was used in bow of PBM- 5 aircraft. Was similar in dimensions t< 250SH-1A turret, but was redesigned internally. A command type interphone system wa1 provided. Ammunition boxes relocated on side. Electric gun chargers replaced the hy· draulic chargers, and auxiliary foot firing and manual control of turret in azimuth and elevation were provided in case of power failure. Weight: approx. 1047 lbs. Dwg. No. Glenn L. Martin Co., Proposal Dwg . 162DK-86534. Proposed 250SH-3A Turret: Was to be same as 250SH-3 but with addition of a Sundstrand drive and Mark 18 Gun Sight.
REF: 0. P. 865
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1770
962
TWIN CALIBER .50 UPPER & TAIL TURRETS 250CH Series (MARTIN)
Weight: approx. 1240 lb Diameter: approx. 44" Height: approx 101. 4" Traverse: 360° continuous Gun elevation: -20 o to +80 o Operating pressure: 800 psi
250CH- 1 Upper Turret: Used on upper deck of PBM- 3C , PBM- 30, and some PBM- 5 aircraft. Featured: Turret hydraull.cally powered by Vickers drive; emergency manual control in traverse only; profile gunfire interrupter; illuminated Sight Mark 9. The ammunition boxes were located below turret floor. Guns were hydraulically charged. It had no oxygen equipment. Mfg. Dwg. No. 162C861
250CH-1B Upper Turret: Was scheduled for use on PBM- 5 aircraft. Same as 250CH- 1 except electric gun chargers replaced hydraulic chargers. Had auxiliary foot firing dual manual control of turret in both traverse and elevation. Weight: approx. 1147 lb. 250CH- 2 Tail Turret: Was located in tail of PBM- 3C, PBM- 30 and some PBM- 5 aircraft. Same as 250CH- 1 from mounting ring up, except in elevation and depression of guns. Had outside source of ammunition, continuously fed from fuselage. Had no slip- rings or fir e intercepters but had limit stops. Weight: approx. 710 lb Diameter: approx. 44" Height: approx. 62. 4" Traverse: 70° either side of center Elevation: - 45° to +60° Operating pressure: approx 800 psi Mfg. Dw. No. 162C865
TAIL POSITION MARTIN 250 CH-2
250CH- 2B Tail Turret: Was scheduled for use in PBM- 5 aircraft. Similar to 250CH- 2 but with addition of electric gun chargers and command t e 1 e p h on e. Had auxiliary foot firing and manual control of turret in traverse and elevation. Weight: 700 lb.
250CH-3 Upper Turret: Used on PB2Y-3 aircraft. Same as 250CH-1 but used a different profile gunfire interrupter. Oxygen equipment was provided. Dwg. No. 250CH30.
Side
250CH- 3 Upper Turret
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1767
963
TWIN CALIBER .50 UPPER AIRCRAFT TURRET 250 CH - 4, - 5 ( FIRESTONE)
GUN INDIVIDUALLY ELEVATED TO CLEAR A CONTOUR OBSTRUCTION
I
I
I ~
250CH-4 Turret: Was scheduled for use in the forward deck position on PB4Y-2 aircraft. The turret was to be hydraulically operated by a Sundstrand Drive Mark 2 . Each gun could be individually and automatically elevated and then depressed to clear any obstructing portion of the airplane structure as the turret rotated. Auxiliary foot firing and manual control of the turret was to be provided and ammunition fed to the guns from boxes at the bottom of the turret by means of flexible chuting. The turret was to be equipped with armor plate extending from above the gunner's head to his feet . Also included were a window de- icing sprayer, train position indicator, Illuminated Sight Mark 9 and demand type oxygen equipment.
Weight: approx. 890 lb Diameter: approx. 43" Height: approx. 70" Traverse: continuous Elevation: - 10 o to +80 o Operating Pressure: 300 psi Mfg. Dwg. No. 332053 250CH-5 Turret: Was scheduled for use in after deck position on PB4Y-2 aircraft. Same on 250CH-4 except for change in the profile gunfire interrupter and contour follower. Mfg. Dwg. No. 332053
REF: 0. P. 865
NOVILLE P late No
116-1765
964
TWIN CALIBER . 50 TAIL TURRETS, 250 CH SERIES 250CH-3 ( CONSAm) This tail t u r r e t was the AAF Turret type A-6 used in the tail of PB4Y-1 aircraft. The turret mounted 2 cal. . 50 mac hi n e gun s, and was hydraulically driven from an actuating mechanism located outside the turret. It was rotated by two cables on a hydraulic drum in the base of the turret. A hydraulic jack elevated and depressed the guns. The turret could be moved manu a 11 y if the power failed. The gunner entered from back of turret and was protected by armor plate and bullet-proof glass. Guns were charged hydraulically by Bendix gun chargers and fired by pressing a trigger switch on the turret control grip. llluminated Sight, type N- 6 or Mark 9 was used with this turret. Turret dimensions ( approx.): Diameter - 40 ", Height - 58" Weight: (inc. actuator but without gunner ) approx. 852 lb Traverse: 122 o Elevation of Guns: - 40 o to +70 o. Operating Pressure: approx. 800 psi
MPC 250CH - 5 & 6 250C H- 4 (C ONSAffi ) This turret was u s e d in tail of PB2Y- 3 aircraft and was identical to Consair 250CH-3 except for replacement of the Illuminated S i g h t type N- 6 by an llluminated Sight Mark 9 in original production and the inclusion of fa c i 1it i e s for an outside source of ammunition. Ref: 0. P. 865; Consolidated Aircraft Corp. Dwg. 29F4824.
REF: AAF Tech. Order 1L-45D-1 Consolidated Aircraft Corp. Dwg. 32F5800-3 0. P. 865
250CH- 5 (MPC) This turret was used on the tail of PB4Y- 1 aircraft. It was basically similar to the Convair 250CH3 and 4 but was lighter, of different construction, and inc 1u de d many changes. The hydraulic chargers were replaced by manual chargers. A hydraulic jack rotated the turret thus eliminating the cable and drum . It had auxiliary foot firing and could be operated manu a 11 y in case of power failure. It uses an Illuminated Sight type N-6, a Heated Suit Rheostat AAF type Q- 2 and a diluter demand type oxygen equipment. The turret was located on Army aircraft procured by the Navy. Weight (inc . actuating mechanism but less gunner) approx. 667 lb Ref: MPC 5800- 5; 0. P. 865
MPC250 CH-5 and 6 250CH- 6 (MPC ) This turret was used on tail of PB4Y- 2 aircraft. It was similar to MPC 250CH-5 except it inc 1u de d an llluminated Sight Mark 9 in place of the N-6 and the heated suit rheostat was removed. It had a command type interphone system an d later models were to have provisions for the Gun Sight Mark 18. Weight: app. 667 lb Ref: Dwg. MPC5800- 5; 0. P. 865 NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1772
965
TWIN CALIBER . 50 UPPER TURRETS 250 CE SERIES (BENDIX)
250CE - 1
250CE- 1: This Upper Turret was the AAF Type A-9. It was used on upper deck of PBJ-1 aircraft. It was amplidyne-driven. The gunner sat on a bicycle- type seat and had adjustable foot rest. A telescopic sight, the prism of which moved with the guns had its own window panel in the dome . The guns had Bendix hydraulic chargers. Oxygen, hydraulic and electric connections were located on a central column. Weight: approx. 525 lb Dia: approx. 39. 7" Height: approx. 86" Voltage: 28- volt DC Traverse: 360 o continuous; Elevation: 84 o Mfg. Model: N Mfg. Dwg. No. 80701 Ref: AAF Tech. Order 11- 45A- 3; BuAER C. L. AER-E 328-PAW- 12140
250CE-1
250CE-3: This was the AAF Turr et Type A- 9A. Used on PBJ- 1 aircraft. It was similar to the 250CE - 1 which it replaced. The g\inner' s seat c o u 1 d be folded; mechanical foot chargers replaced the hydraulic type. It had a new dome and improved gun slot closures and used illuminated Sight Type N- 6 or Mark 9. Dwg. No: 8200 Mfg. Model: A
250CE-3
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1764
250CE-4: This was the AAF Turre t Type A-9B. Similar to 250CE-3 except it used profile type gunfire interrupters and contour followers in place of the old wafer type . Changes were made in ammunition feed and in structural design of turret. Mfg. Model: R, Dwg. No. 82600
966
TWIN CALIBER .50 LOWER TURRET 250CE - 2 (BENDIX)
Dimensions: Turret diameter, approx. 39. 5" Turret height, approx. 52. 9" Weight: approx. 497 pounds Traverse: 360° Depression of Guns : 88 o below horizontal. Voltage: 28 volt DC
REFERENCES: 0. P. 865 AAF Tech. Order 11 - 45A- 1 Bendix Dwg. No. 79800
This lower turret was also the AAF type A-10. It was used in the lower position of PBJ-1 aircraft. The turret was a retractable structure mounting 2 cal. . 50 machine guns, and was amplidyne-driven. The drive motor that provided azimuth movement for the turret also retracted it. The gunner was in a kneeling position While sighting the target through a periscope sight. The eyepiece of the sight remained fixed, while the prism moved with the guns. Guns were charged by hydraulic chargers, and fired by pressing a trigger switch on the turret control grip.
IOyiLLE Plate No. 116-1774
967
EXPERIMENTAL BELLY MG MOUNTS ON B- 24 AIRCRAFT This experimental manually op~ erated ring mount was located in· the lower rear position of a B- 24L aircraft. It had two handheld cal . 50 machine guns mounted in Bei1 E-ll adapters. The ring mount was enclosed in its lower he mi~ sphere with sheet plexiglas having two slots for the machine guns. Also provided were two plexiglas panels for scanning purposes on each side of the airplane. Estimated weight without guns and ammunition - 75 lb. Manually- operated Ring Mount- Test Model
AFF Board Project No. F4005, Fin a 1 Report No. 244- 99 ( 1 Nov. 44 ) tested this ring mount and found it could provide good defense from attacks directly underneath, very 1 i mite d defense from attacks in lower rear quarter , and virtually no defense in any other quarter. The scanning field was very poor. Manually-operated Ring Mount - Test Model
Left: The conventional A13A Ball Turret Weight: less machine guns and ammunition - 850 lb.
A-13A Ball Turret NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1758
968
TWIN CALIBER .50 LOWER TURRET 250SH SERIES ( SPERRY ) 250SH- 1A Was the same turret as the Sperry 250SH- 1, but provided for an outside source of ammunition. 250SH- 2
RETRACTED
Was the same turret as the Sperry 250SH- 1 except a Buggs retracting mechanism was obtained with an AAF Ball Turret type A- 2. REFERENCES: 0. P . 865 AAF Tech. Order 11- 45G- 1 Briggs Mfg. Co. Dwg. 1300
250SH- 1 250SH - 1
EXTENDED
This turret was used in the lower position of PB4Y - 1 aircraft. It was identical to the AAF Retractable Ball Turret type A-13. The retraction was accomplished by hydraulic means. The turret mounted 2 cal. . 50 machine guns and was operated by a Vickers drive. The guns were fixed in relation to the turret and the gunners sighted through an Automatic Computing Sight type K- 4. The turret, guns, sight and gunner moved as a unit while tracking the target. Dimensions: Turret ring diameter, approx. 46. 5" Turret height extended, approx. 131. 6" Turret height retracted, approx. 104. 1" Weight: (less gunner ) approx. 1200 lbs. Traverse: Continuous 360°. Depression: 90 o from horizontal Operating pressure: approx. 850 psi.
NOVILLE P late No. 116-1773
969
TWIN CALIBER .50 NOSE TURRETS 250SH SERIES ( ERCO) FRONT
SIDE
ERCO 250SH-2
ERCO 250 SH-2
This turret was used in the nose of PB4Y- 1 aircraft. It mounted 2 caliber . 50 machine guns and was hydraulically- powered by means of a Vickers drive. In case of electr ical power failure hydraulic power could be obtained by means of a hand pump. Guns were charged individually by manual chargers and fired by pressing a trigger switch on the turret control grips. There were no fire interrupters in the turret. Azimuth movement was limited by limit motion control. When the limit of train was reached, a hydraulic contour following mechanism tended to reverse the control grips back to the neutral position, causing the turret to stop depressing. Illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods was used. Diluter demand type oxygen and interphone equipment was provided. Turret dimensions (approx ) : diameter - 54", height 54". Weight (less gunner ): Approx. 1130 lbs. Traverse: 90° either side of forward gun elevation: - 70 to +85. Operating Pressure: Approx. 1000 psi. REF: Engineering & Research Corporation, Drwg. 6001 -47; 0. P. 865. ERCO 250SH- 2A Same as ERCO 250SH-2 except used AN standard hydraulic fittings rather than combination of Parker and AN fittings of 250SH- 2.
ERCO 250SH- 3 Identical to ERCO 250SH- 2A. Used in nose of PB4Y -2 aircraft. ERCO 250SH- 3A Same as ERCO 250SH- 3 but with substitutions of a Gun Sight Mark 18 for the Illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods.
ERCO 250SH-2B Same as ERCO 250SH- 2 except for substitution of Gun Sight Mark 18 for the Illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods.
ERCO 250SH- 3B Same as ERCO 250SH- 3A but with addition of a command interphone system.
ERCO 250SH- 2C Sam·e as ERCO 250SH·-2B but with addition of a command interphone system.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1771
970
TWIN CALIBER. 50 WAIST TURRET - 250TH SERIES
(ERCO)
FRONT SIDE
ERCO 250TH-2
ERCO 250TH-1 This waist turret was used in the starboard side waist position on PB4Y- 2 aircraft. The turret was of teardrop design and mounted 2 cal. . 50 machine guns. The gun traversed the teardrop from one end to the other in azimuth and the entire unit r otated on its longitudinal axis for movement in elevation. The turret was hydraulically driven by a Vickers drive. Gun fire interrupters and mechanical limit stops were included. Manual control of the turret was provided in case of power failure. An illuminated Sight Mark 9 or Mods. was used in early serial numbers, the Gun Sight Mark 18 was to be included in the remaining turrets. Ammunition was continuously fed to the turret through the after trunnion from an outside source in the fuselage. The turret had facilities for diluter demand type oxygen equipment. Later serial numbers were to carry the command interphone system. Dimensions: approx. Diameter at forward end - 17. 4" Diameter at after end- 15. 7" Weight (less gunner): approx. 735 lb Azimuth Coverage: 90 ° aft to 48 o forward Elevation Coverage: 47° up and 95 o down Operating Pressure: approx. 1100 psi
Diameter at center - 54. 2" Length: 89"
REF: 0. P. 865; Engineering & Research Corp. Dwg. 6026- 108 ERCO 250TH-2 This turret was a mirror image of the ERCO 250TH-1. It was used in the port side waist position on PB4Y-2 aircraft.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 -1 769
971
DIVISION 0
DEFLECTOR AND PARAPET MOUNTS The early offset gun mounting devices were intended to be used in trenches for firing over parapets with a minimum of exposure. Early tripod ground mounts were provided with collapsible legs to permit low mounting on the top edge of a trench, and shields were added to improve protection. Linkage arrangements to elevate, aim and fire rifles were experimented with to serve the same purpose, leading to the curved barrel developments. Both the United States and Germany continued research in this field, leading to the World War II vehicular applications such as shown in this section. Deflector mounts were intended for vehicular use, providing short range anti- personnel machine gun fire. They were derived from curved barrel rifle attachments dating back, in the United States, prior to World War I.
973
PARAPET MOUNTS, GERMAN The World War I mount at the left was a tripod mount with the legs spread flat. Relatively little protection was provided, as compared to the World War II developments shown, in which the gunner could remain concealed. The World War II undercover aiming and firing apparatus shown below was used with the 7. 92mm MG 42 or the MG 34. Two mirrors were used in conjunction with the standard sights. A linkage connected the low position trigger to the gun trigger. Three similar Parapet rifle mounts used by the Allies in World War I are on display at the Springfield Arsenal Museum. A ball mo unted version of a German curved barrel mount is shown on 116-1045 Maxim MG with shield. World War I.
Field of vision at 1000 meters: Approx. 200 meters wide & 100 meters high.
Shown with MG 42. Reference OCO Publication of 1 May 1945, Page 214. 1.
APG 33762 (1945). 7. 92mm Rifle (V. G. 1) with curved barrel extension for Parapet or "around the corner" fire. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1779
FMAR 945 Series. Ref. APG 33763. The periscope attachments used with these curved barrel mounts are not included in these views.
974 M. P. 44 with curved barrel extension. SA-6108 (47)
REMOTE CONTROL FIRING DEVICE JAPANESE
This remote control firing device enabled Japanese troops to fire machine guns from protected positions without exposing themselves. Japanese troops improvised this device in the field.
Left: Rear view .of gun in firing position.
'he w e a p on s h own is a type 9 7 L937) 7. 7mm Navy Vickers- type ircraft machine gun. A periscope ras required for observation.
Above: Side view of improvised firing device
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1741
975
CURVED BARREL BALL MOUNT, GERMAN
This ball- mounted automatic carbine (MP 43) was intended for anti- personnel use from within a tank. A roof- mounted ball housing flange assembly, bolted internally, enclosed a movable ball segment. A curved section attached to the end of the barrel was used to deflect the projectiles approximately ninety degrees. The curved barrel section passed through the roof opening and the ball segment with only a short portion of the barrel end exposed. A range of 90 o elevation in a full circle of rotation was permitted by the ball joint. However, since the pivot was at the ball center, the shoulder stockend ofthe gun described a large arc, so that although the exposed portion of this mount was relatively small, the interior space requirement was large if full advantage was to be taken of the flexibility of the ball joint. Not shown in the photograph, but included in the assembly to the left of the gun, was a periscopic sight. The sight consisted of a right angle eyepiece assembly with a vertical cylindrical tube extending through the ball segment. The exposed portion of the sight was a cylindrical head appr oximately 1 inch diameter and 3 inches high.
REFERENCE:
ATI 43778. Der Gebogene Lauf (1948) APG A49876 FMAR - 1079
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1045
976
BALL MOUNT MP 44 Automatic Carbine with Curved Barrel Extension
- GERMAN
me of the first exerimentalinstal:ttions of the curvd barrel in a ball :10unt. The supart attaching the arrel to the ball 1ount was found J be unnecessary . ATI - N2810
Another experimental installation of the curved b a r r e 1 in a b a 11 mount. A large glass prism was used with '"·....__ this installation as a sight.
This mount was designed for tank installation to be used as an anti- personnel weapon. The final version shown on this plate is also shown on Plate 116-1045 mounting a MP43 automatic carbine. The MP44with curved barrel extension is shown on Plate 116- 1779.
'he f in a 1 installation f the curved barrel in .ball mount. This utii ze d a periscope ighting arrangement , . right angle eyepiece rith vertical cylindrial tube extending 3 " bove the ball. A pin ras stuck through the ~all to prevent altercai on s of the b a r r e 1 rithin the ball and the ~arrel circumference .
IOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1638
.REF: ATI- 43778 Der Gebogene Lauf (1948 ); APG A49876 FMAR-1079 977
Top view of the final installation
M3 DEFLECTOR MOUNT FOR M3 SUBMACHINE GUN, Caliber .45
The M3 Deflector Mount was developed for use with the caliber . 45 Submachine gun as close- in secondary armament protection for combat vehicles. Similar types of de f 1ector s were used by the Germans. These are showri in Plates 116-1045 and 116-1779. The German deflector of Plate 116- 1045 utilized a ball mount to obtain traverse and elevation freedom, while the M3 Mount was built around a standard periscope mounting frame providing 360 ° traverse and approximately 40 o of combined elevation and depression. The Deflector Kit consisted of a curved muzzle extension to fit over the barrel of the gun, and a T22 periscope. The deflector is attached to the periscope housing: the SMG is attached to the deflector tube and locked by a set screw. The deflector turned the projectile 90 o from its normal line of fire. After tests in the M4 Medium Tank, AFB report No. 719, 1945, recommended that the deflector kit be considered unsatisfactory without strengthening and sighting modifications . The Modified Deflector Mount is described on plate 116-1548 . DA 5847 REFERENCES: AFB 719 - 1945 ADG 5688 - 1945 AFF / Bd2 - P1790, 1955 APG/ TT2-725 F/1, 1953.
DA 7107 NOVILLE Plat£' No. 116- 1547
978
M3 MODIFIED DEFLECTOR MOUNT FOR M3 SUBMACHINE GUN - CAL . . 45 APG-A87879 - 1953 Components of Deflector Mount Kit REFERENCES: AFB 719 1945 APG 5688 1945 AFF /Bd. 2 P- 1790 1955 APG TT2 - 725 F /1 1953
Intended to provide close- in secondary armament protection for combat vehicles, this mount was a modification of the 1945 mount shown-on plate 116- 1547, which was considered not sufficiently rugged. The Modified Deflector Mount was a kit consisting of a curved muzzle extension for attachment to the barrel of the submachine gun, and a T22 periscope with etched reticle. The deflector was clamped to the periscope housing with a knurled bolt. The deflector served to turn the projectile 90° from the normal line of fire. Satisfactory installations were made in the commanders cupola hatch of the M4A3, M26 and M46 tanks. Loaders position installations in these tanks were unsatisfactory, as well as both positions in the M24, M41 and M47. AFF 54-987 Above view s how s mount installed at loaders station in M41 tank.
APG A87370 Guns installed in commanders and loaders periscope holders in M4A3 tank. )VILLE Plate No. 116- 1548
979
OCAFF Board No. 2 report P- 1790, recommended the def 1ector be considered unsatisfactory for adoption. APG report TT2- 725 F/1 considered it an effective anti-personnel weapon, with further modifications recommended.
DIVISION P SEMI-FIXED MOUNTS Tank bow mounts with controlled limited elevation only are included in this section. Traverse control was to be provided by steering the tank. This combination of controls has not pr-Oved sufficiently accurate to merit inclusion in present day fighting vehicles. Examples of machine guns with automatic limited traverse alone are shown on Plate 116-1803, Division J, Section 1. The actual suspension of such weapons moving only in elevation consisted of a set of trunnions or a trapped cylindrical block, preferably located across the center line of fire. This is true for the mounts shown in this section and for other weapons used in mounts such as shown in the combination mount and cupola mount divisions, in which case traverse is supplied by motion of the concentric ring bearing assembly. Ball mounted weapons of this nature, having limited freedom in traverse for coaxial alignment purposes are shown in Division I, Section 4.
981
TWIN BOW MOUNTS, M2Al MEDIUM TANK
Interior Detail of Twin Bow Mounts in M2A1 Medium Tank.
RIA 876 - 1966 (19 40)
Two caliber .30 Browning machine guns were used in the front hull of the tanks of the M2 series. In the detail above a single elevation control handle and individual firing switches were used. The guns were carried in equilibrated cradles and extended out of the armored hull through trapped spherical segments.
M2A1 Medium Tank Detail. ORD 14283 APG 41315 (1940) Twin bow mounts, exterior view, show ing bullet deflector angles added to the symmetrical hull. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1807
T5 Phase ITI Medium Tank Detail. RIA 805 - 42524 (1938). This predessesor of the M2 series of Medium Tanks used a closely spaced pair of guns in the asymmetricalfront hull. 982
T53 BOW MOUNT
HEADLIGHT AND HEADLIGHT GUARD
Caliber .30 1940
An M1919A4 caliber . 30 Br owning Machine Gun was controlled remotely by the tank driver. There was no provision for traverse other than the nor mal tank steering.
RAPD 45294
T1E2 Heavy Tank BOW CALIBER .30 MACHINE GUN MOUNT
ELEVATING CROSS SHAFT
T53 Bow Mount References: Dwg. E3561, OCM 17005, 0. P. 451.25/6738
FIRE EXTINGUISHER RELEASE HANDLES
RA PD 45281 _
SOLENOID FIRING SWITCH
Interior View of T53 Bow Mount This mount was used in the heavy tanks: T1, T1E1, T1E2, T1E3, TlE4. M6, M6El, M6Al, M6A2, M6A2El. Additional data on these tanks is given on Plate No. 116-1324. ~OVILLE
Plate No. 116- 1325
20 o 10° 20 o 20°
983
Elevation Depression R. Traverse L. Traverse
M27 BOW MOUNT
M3A2 Medium Tank
APG 55054A
Two Caliber .30 M1919A4, Flexible Machine Guns were used on this mount. The gun cradle pivoted about a cylindrical bearing fixed in a pillow block fastened to the tank hull and the gun barrels passed through holes in the bearings. The machine guns were held in the cradle by means of a sub pintle and socket arrangement at their forward end and a pin at their aft end. RAPD 72601 The two ammunition boxes were held in trays fixed to the left side of the cradle, one above the other and staggered. Fixed chuting led the ammunition down to the gun feedways. This mount had no traverse movement, but had a range of 10 o in elevation to 5o in depression. MOUNT REFERENCES: OCM 16531, Dwg. D47368 RAPD 11030, SNL A-55, Sec. 8 (1942) MOUNT USED ON: M3 Series of Medium Tanks: M3, M3A1, M3A2, M3A3, M3A4, & M3A5. Plate 116-1562 shows another installation on the M3A5 Medium Tank.
6USHING - 616306 5
60LT-6AOX 4EL}----~~ NUT- 66SX 4AE
6 EARING-A213142 PIN- A213143 STANO, ASS'Y- C84853 SCREW- 8C6 XI66\ NUT- 66SX4A6J 60LT- 6APXICF\ NUT- 66SX4AE)
RA PO 1116
Plan View M27 Mount
LEVER, ASS'Y- C84857
'-t+-t-+--1-f'-------f IN - A 213 214 LINK:- A213 187
A modified version of this LocK. Ass·v-8108986 mount was used on the T 10 ~-----~----~ Shop Tractor. REF: D75718, SNL A-55 Sec. 8, Add
YLINDER - 8183147
RA PD 503 4 1
Left Side, M27 Mount NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1241
984
DIVISION 0
SUB-CALIDER AND SPOTTING MOUNTS
The sub-caliber training and spotting mounts illustrated in this division formed, in effect, a type of combination weapon mount, as they were mounted coaxially with a larger weapon. Most of these mounts were designed to be mounted and removed at will from the barrel of the larger weapon. However, the small caliber cradles illustrated on Plates 116- 1473 and 116- 1533 were designed as an integral part of the primary mount.
985
AIRCRAFT GUN MOUNTS, WORLD WAR I
G.O.N. The pedestal mount shown above included a combination of a Davis 75mm nonrecoiling gun with a co- axially mounted Lewis Aircraft Machine Gun. The machine gun was fired separately until the proper range was obtained, and then the main gun was fired. This mount was intended for use mainly against submarines.
G.O.N. The combination gun pedestal mount illustrated at the top of this page was fi red from within the Scarff mount shown directly above. The Scarff mount used the pair of Lewis Machine Guns detailed on Plate 116- 1474.
Both mounts as shown were used in 1917 at the front cockpit of the Curtis J - N Twin Tractor Navy Seaplane. These mounts are now on display at the Smithsonian Institute.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1473
986
LAZARUS A.A. M.G. MOUNT
Caliber . 50 Pedestal Mount Data: Weight: 300 lb (est) Traverse: 360 ° Elevation : - 43 o to 68 o
G. H. Lazarus, Jr . designed this experimental anti- aircraft machine gun mount in 1941. rhe basic design principle was the use of an offset rifle as a pointing device to simu.ate the free-swinging movement of a rifleman and to improve the gunner's vision by renoving him from the muzzle blast of the machine gun . This AA mount, designed to be mounted on a truck bed, used the following components: pedestal base, pedestal, pedestal guy rods, a cradle bracket group, an aircraft gun nount adapter, and a crankshaft and pantograph arrangement connecting the cal. . 50 Lircraft machine gun with a cal. . 30 M1903 rifle. The machine gun was fired by the gunter manipulating the offset rifle, the trigger of which was connected to a solenoid on the nachine gun.
l
~EFERENCES:
APG 5082/336 ( Nov. 1944 ); APG 5676/14 ( Jan. 1944); the CourierJournal Magazine, Nov. 12, 1950.
OVILLE Plate No. 116- 1533
987
SUB-CALIBER MOUNTS - CALIBER .45 SUB-MACHINE GUN D 90074 Sub- caliber Trainer Mount. Caliber . 45 M3 sub-machine gun installed.
DA 5001 (1944)
T20 Sub-caliber Mount. Used cal. . 45 sub- machine gun MlAl with 30 round c l i p . S how n less stock and fore grip.
DA 982
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1834
988
SUBCALIBER TRAINING MOUNTS, T3, M14, MlO, & M17 Right: The M14 Subcaliber Mount, an interior mount, was used with either the M 2 A 1, cal. . 22 or M19 03A2, cal. . 3 0 subcaliber rifles for practice firing the 57mm gun Ml on carriage M1A3 or M2. These rifles were fitted with a bronze bushing at the muzzle end of the barrel for centering the barrel in the mount. The triggers and magazine housing fitted into the extension located on the rear of the mount.
RI~LE, SUBCALIBER CAL
22, M2AI
~~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,;;;;;;;;;;;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~~~f!l~
~====-~W:/ n-30, Ml4 RA PO 11 4770
MOUNT, SUBCALIBE'R, CAL
M14 Subcaliber Mount, Cal. .22- 30 Ref: TM 9-2300, TM 9- 303, SNL C- 33, Sec. 9. Left: T3 Subcaliber Mount . This mount was used with the 3 7 m m Tank Gun M1916. It mounted a s t r i p p e d down rifle, U.S. cal. .30, M1906 {Springfield ).
Below: M10 & M17 Exterior Subcaliber Mounts. These mounts were essentially the same, varying only in details. They mounted the cal. . 50 MG. The mount was secured to the tube by steel securing straps, which varied in length to fit the particular tube to which it was to be attached.
RIA 454-39409 {1933)
M10 'used with Ref: TM 9-308; TM9-2330; SNLC-33, Sec.11 M17 used with Ref: TM 9-2330
Cal. .50 Subcaliber Mount
NOYILLE Plate No . 116-1837
989
76mm guns M1A1C & M1A2; Mount M1
(on 76mm gun Motor Carriage M18) 90mm gun M3; Mount M4 or M4A1 (on 90 mm gun Motor Carriage M36 ); and Mount M4A1 (on 90mm gun Motor Car riage M 3 6 B 1 an d M36B2).
MlO & M17 SU B-CALIBE R MOUNTS - CALIBER . 50 MACHINE GUN CAL. .50 MACHINE GUN
CAL. .50 SUBCALIBER MOUNT MlO
M10 Subcaliber Mount These subcaliber mounts were secured to the tube by steel straps. They were fired by solenoid, with a relay provided to enable single shots. These two mounts were es sentially the s am e, var ying only in detail.
(INSERTED IN TURRET SWITCH BOX)
RA PO 90558
MlO Mount used on: 76 mm guns, MlAlC and MlA2; on Ml Mount (on 76 mm Gu.n Motor Carriage Ml8) . REF:TM 9--308;SNLC- 33, Sec. 11; TM 9- 2300 RAP'D 90560; RAP'D 90561; RAP'D 90585. Ml7 (T22) Mount us ed on: 90 mm gun M3; Mount M4 or M4Al (on M36 90 mm Gun Motor Carriage); and M4Al Mount (on 90 mm Gun Motor Carriages M36Bl and M36B2.
RA PO 90559
REF: TM 9- 2300
Photo Designation: Ml7 Subcaliber Mount Plate on Mount Designation: T22 Subcaliber Mount
NOVILLE Pla t e No: 116 - 1835
990
-
M 19 ( T23 ) SUBCALmER MOUNT -
T23 Mount installed on 119 Twin 40mm Gun Carriage
CALIBER . 50 MG
APG A39679 (46)
APG A '39675 ( 46) Right rear view of T23 mount
his mount had single- shot a ction [!complished by means of Air Corps rpe G-9 solenoid and a delay action elay.
The M2 HB cal . . 50 M.G. was used with this mount which was on the 40mm Dual Automatic Gun M2 (Twin 40mm Gun M19A1) as a training aid. T23 was the pilot model. The standard model, with the addition of a foot-firing mechanism, was designated the M19.
References: APG592616 (45) ORD 7SNL A-7 7 APG Proj. No. 6091
PG A39676 ( 46) 23 Subcaliber Mount 50 rounds [ount Weight: 42 lb
NOVILLE Plate No. 116 - 1836
991
BAT CALIBER .50 SPOTTING RIFLE MOUNT
Mounted on the tube of the 106mm Battalion Anti- Tank rifle, the cal. . 50 automatic spotting rifle was self-loading from a ten- shot magazine. It had a new breech mechanism which was simple to manufacture. The slender barrel was approximately thirty inches long and resembled that of a Winchester Model 70. The breech was tubular with a small bolt handle protruding from the side. The detachable magazine held ten cartridges in a staggered r ow. It also used a 20 round magazine. Overall length, with flash hider and recoil brake, was about 33 feet. The spotting rifle was not intended to be used separately.
NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1838
992
DIVISION P ROCKET LAUNCHER MOUNTS
Included in this division are r ocket launcher mounts used to provide secondare weapon fire in addition to the primary tank weapon. In addition to these, rocket launchers were also mounted on vehicles as primary weapons. A single tube rocket launcher, ball mounted, on a tripod ground mount is shown on Plate No. 116-1049 in Division I, Section 6. Another tripod based rocket launcher mount is shown on Plate 116- 1645, Division C, Section 2. A turret assembly multiple rocket launcher for a light tank is shown on P late 1161826, Division A, Section 3. Aircraft and shipboard installations of either integral, container, or blister types of rocket launchers have not been included within the scope of this study, due to the limitations of time and effort required to cover such a broad field. Much can be learned from such installations that is applicable to ground vehicles, as may be seen in the comparable instance of the machine gun containers shown in Division J. In a like manner, missile launcher mounts have been excluded from this
study due to the broad extent of the subject, even though vehicular applications are now being used.
993
MULTIPLE ROCKET LAUNCHERS, T44 & T45 /
The T44 was a 4.5" multiple rocket launcher for installation in the 2 1/2 ton amphibian truck DUKW or landing vehicle LVT MarkiV. The launcher carried 120 rockets which c o u l d be fired in ripple or singly. It was a fixed mount with neither traverse nor elevation.
DRIVER'S SHIELD ASSEMBLY
iliiiii~
RAPO 50564
Figure 7--4 .5-/nch Multiple Rockel Launche r 144 Mounted on DUKW
T 44 Multiple Rocket Launcher
T45 Rocket Launcher mounted on 1/4 ton truck 4 x 4. Each launcher had a capacity of 12 4.5 inch rockets, which could be fired singly or in ripple. The launcher had no traverse, but elevation to +35 o.
DA 5853 (19 45 ) T45 Rocket Launcher mounted on M24 Light Tank. View showing linkage. The T45 L au n c he r had no sighting mechanism.
sc
293363 T45 Rocket Launcher mounted on amphibious vehicle L VT. Additional amphibious vehicle rocket launcher mounts are on Plate 116- 1839. NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1845
994
TRUCK MOUNTED ROCKET LAUNCHERS ROCKET UUIICHER ROCKET
82mm Rocket Launcher
FIRI NG SHIELD
132mm Rocket Launcher M13
FIRI NG JACKS
300mm Rocket Launcher M31 OVILLE Plate No. 116- 1589
995
-SOVIET
(T2'7, T2a
and M12)
ROCKET LAUNCHERS, GROUND MOUNTED RELEASE ASSEMBLY
T27 Multiple Rocket Launcher CONTACT ASSEMBLY
The T27 Multiple Rocket Launcher had a capacity of 8 4. 5 inch rockets obtaining an elevation of -5o to +45 o. It had however, no traversing mechanism. T e 1 e scope M6 Sight and Mount T1 00 were used with this rocket mount .
STRUT ASSEMtlLY
The T27E1 La un c her was the same except that it would be disassembled for transporting. TheT27E2 Launcherhadacapacity of 24 4. 5 inch rockets in three layers, eight tubes to each layer. REFERENCE: TM 9- 394 (1945)
M12, M12A1, M12E2 Rocket Launcher
Photo No. 187 (1944) T28 Rocket Launcher
The M12 Launcher tube is made of plastic and has a smooth bore. It was used to launch a 4.5 inch H. E. rocket. The M12E2 tube was made of magnesium alloy. The folding tripod ground mount has two fixed-length legs and one adjustable leg. The collapsed tube and tripod assembly is transported by means of a pair of slings.
The T28 Rocket Launcher was the same as the T27E2 but with box construction instead of tubes. They both had a spring equilibrator. REF: Heintz Mfg. Co. Data and Photo NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1840 996
TANK MOUNTED ROCKET LAUNCHERS, T34E2, T39
Photo No. .90 (19 44 )
The T34E2 Multiple Rocket Launcher, left, held sixty 7. 2 in. r ockets. The tubes were appr oximately 10 feet long and were capable of elevation and traverse with the turret. The launcher had a firing switch and the tube assembly could be jettisoned in battle. The tubes were arranged in three units; the top unit two banks of eighteen tubes each, the lower two in two banks, six tubes t o a bank. REF:
T34E 2 Rocket Launcher
IVILLE
Heintz Mfg. Co. Data and Photos
Photo 191 (1943 )
The T39 Rocket Launcher held twenty 7. 2 in. rockets. It was of box construction with opening and closing front doors, and capable of elevation and traverse. Plate No . 116- 1841 997
TANK MOUNTED ROCKET LAUNCHERS, T40, M17 The Rocket Launcher T40 shown at right was mounted on an M4A1 tank. It was of box construction and held 20 7. 2" rockets. Front doors opened and closed, and the launcher could be disc a r de d in battle if necessary . Rockets could be fired in ripple and singly.
J " ..
Elevation and depression were obtained by attachment of the launcher to the barrel of the primary gun. Traverse was obtained by rotating the turret. Photo No. 192 (1944) The 7.2 inch Multiple Rocket Launcher M17 was mounted on the M4 medium tank series. It had a capacity of 20 rockets, fired electrically in single or automatic fire. It was controlled in elevation and traverse with the same controls as used for the p r i mary gun in the turret. It could be jettisoned from within the tank by means of hydraulic controls.
RA PD 90717 REFERENCE: Heintz Mfg. Co. data & photos ; TM 9- 396 (45) Left: A shortened version of the T40 Rocket Launcher is shown mounted on a modified M4A2 Medium Tank. The primary gun of this tank was removed and replaced by an installation which contained the elevating mechanism fo r the launcher. The tank was further modified by an access door on the side.
Photo No. 193
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1842
998
T54, T89, & T90 ROCKET LAUNCHERS FOR AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLES Photo No. 195 (1944) T54 Rocket Launcher
The Rocket Launcher T54, shown above was mounted on L VT- 4 1 s and car r i e d 20 7. 2" r o c k e t s. The launcher, of box construction, was e s s e n t i a 11 y the same as the T 39 Launcher, Plate 116- 1841.
P hoto No. 202
T he L VT - m o u n t e d R o c k e t Launcher T89, shown at the right, carried 10 7.2 rockets. Also of box construction, it was essentially the same as the T73, which was carried on a tank.
T89 Rocket Launcher
Photo No. 203 (1945 )"
The T90 Rocket Launcher, left, fired 10 7.2" rockets which were approximately 7 1 long. The launcher was similar in construction to the T89. REFERENCES: Data & photographs from Heintz Manufacturing Co.
T90 Rocket Launcher (Circa 1945) NOVILLE Plate No . 116- 1839
999
TANK MOUNTED ROCKET LAUNCHERS T72, T73
The T72 Rocket Launcher carried sixty 7. 2 in. rockets. It was similar to the T34, Plate No. 116-1841, the principal difference being the length of the rocket tubes, 10 feet long as compared to the 5 ft tubes of the T34. Traverse movement was obtained by rotation of the tank turret, and elevation by elevation of the tank's primary gun.
T72 Rocket Launcher
Photo 19 7 ( 1945)
Photo 198 (44) REF: Heintz Manufacturing Co. data and photos.
T73 Rocket Launcher The T73 Rocket Launcher was elevated independently of the tank turret. It was of boX construction, covered on all sides. It carried ten 7. 2 in. rockets and was approximatelY 10 feet long. It is shown here mounted on an M4A1 Medium Tank. NOVILLE Plate No . 116 - 1843
1000
TANK MOUNTED ROCKET LAUNCHERS, T76, T76El, T105 ( INSIDE RELOADING ) T - 76E1 Photo No. 200
The T76 Rocket Launcher was a single tube m ount ed in place of the primary gun of the tank. It was re loaded from inside the tank and had an open section forward of the turret, through which the gases escaped dur ing firing. The opening into the tank was sealed when the r ocket was fired . The launcher was capable of elevation and traverse as a normal turret mount would be.
.......
·:
..
: '-•' t:~ · . ~~-·. The T76E 1 Rocket Launcher shown above was mounted in place of the primary gun on an M4A3 tank. The photo above also s hows an externally loaded rocket launcher mount similar to the T- 73 Launcher shown on Plate 116- 1843.
T - 76 Photo No. 199 ( 1944 )
T he Rocket Launcher T -1 05 at the right, mounted on M4A1 Tank, was of box construction, mounted on the turret in place of the primary gun. It was reloaded from inside the tank and fired a 7.2" rocket. REF: Heintz Mfg. Co., data and photos
Photo No. 205 (1945)
NOVILLE Plate No . 116-1844
T-105
1001
1'99 MULTIP LE ROCKET LAUNCHER -
USED ON M26 MEDIUM TANK
APG A34377 (1945) The T99 Multiple Rocket Launcher was intended to provide temporarily increased fir€ power in preparator y bombardment to soften up defenses ahead of the main employment ol the tank. A total of forty -four 4. 5" rockets could be carried in this launcher assembly. The Tl2 propelling charge was used to jettison the launchers after the rocket mission was complete. This assembly was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground and the Report 6009/H (1946) concluded that while the item was generally satisfactory, its dispersion of fire was excessive. It was recommended that changes be made to reduce dispersion and the launcher be re - tested. Previous launcher developments of this nature included the 4. 5" T3 4 and T72 as well as the M17 (T40) 7. 2" launcher. References and further photos of this mount are given on Plate 116- 1570. RELATED REFERENCES: M17 (T40) 7. 2" Launcher. OCM 24566 and 24964. T34, 4. 5" Launcher: APG 5191/13. T72, 4. 5" Launcher: APG 5191/ 62.
·'' f _(
"'
APG A36246 Counter -balanced blast deflector. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1521
~
.A ..J
APG A36248 Firing Mechanism. 1002
T99 ROCKET LAUNCHER, LINKAGE
-----11---------------
...-
Chrysler Neg. L-1555 (1945)
Elevation Linkage
Several modifications were made to correct functional difficulties of this automatic jettisonable r ocket launcher at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1946. These were found to be generally satisfactory. T99 REFERENCES: OCM 27663, 27852, 28729; APG Report 6009/15 (1946), AGF Board No. 2 Report 1021- l (1947); Chrysler Corporation "Notes on Materiel" (November 1945).
Plate 116-1521 gives further information on this mount.
Chrysler Neg. L-1535 (1945) NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1570
1003
GUN MOUNTS, T31 DEMOLITION
TANK This experimental tank of 1944useda chassis from the M4 medium tank series with a 23" track and a special turret. A Howitzer, a pair of experimental rocket launchers, and a pair of ball mounts were used in the front face of the turret. An anti-aircraft mount was
' used on the top rear of the turret, and the ball mount normally in the M4 tank was retained. APG A32771 (1945) APG A32773 (1945) The three ball mounts on this tank used cal. . 30 Br owning machine guns. This seems to be the greatest number of ball mounts used on any U.S. tank, with the exception of the WW I tank Mark VIII, which was a British Design. The cal. . 50 Browning anti -aircraft machine gun carried in a cradle, pintle and tray assembly on a short pedestal base could be used from within the opened cupola or while standing on the hull. The T94 Rocket Launcher shown here used 7. 2" rockets, 3 feet in length, and was of tube-type construc tion. This was of automat1 ic type, reloading outside of the tank. APG A32772 (1945) T31 Tank References: OCM 27074. APG Project No. 6406/3-18-14-1 U.S. Reg. No. 30114128. APG A32773A. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-129 2 1004
DIVISION S
FLAME GUN MOUNTS
Vehicular installations of flame gun mounts for flame throwers are included in this division. In some instances these flame guns were secondary weapons , and in other cases, primary weapons. Due to the real and psychological threat that flame throwers provoke and because of their limited range, they are prime targets. Thus, they are often disguised, sometimes in the guise of conventional main guns and sometimes as hooded machine guns. The foot soldier carrying a flame thrower has been relatively much more difficult to disguise. Some experimental or special aircraft installations of flame thrower mounts have been made, but the use of napalm bombs apparently has proven to be more effective for the purpose intended.
1005
FLAME GUN, STEAM PROPELLED TANK, WW I
American Steam Propelled Tank of 1918.
RIA 454 - 18157
Four caliber. 30 machine guns and one flamethrower were included in this early U.S. 50- ton tank. The flame gun of this steam propelled tank was powered by a 35 HP gasoline engine. It expelled 1600 PSI fuel oil through a 1/4" nozzle for a distance of 90 feet to form a 20 foot diameter fireball. Originally the flame gun was to be powered by a steam jet at 700 pounds PSI. A turret installation of a flame gun in the T33 flame thrower tank of 1946 is shown on Plate No. 116- 1323. Flame gun installations on the M4A1 and M4A3 medium tanks of World War II are shown on Plate No. 116- 1317. A 1952 installation on the T65 self- propelled flame thrower is shown on Plate No. 116- 1318.
A partial list of other U.S. tanks with flame guns is as follows: T35 T66 T67 M42
Flame Flame Flame Flame
Based on M26 Medium Tank. 1952. OCM 34263. Part No. 8381910. 1945. Flame Thrower M5 on Medium Tank M4. Design only. M42B1 Flame Thrower Tank M5 Flame Thrower on M4A1 Medium Tank. M42B2 Flame Thrower Tank M5 Flame Thrower on M4A2 Medium Tank. M42B3 Flame Thrower Tank M5 Flame Thrower on M4A3 Medium Tank.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1322
Thrower Thrower Thrower Thrower
Tank Tank Tank Tank
-
1006
M3 - 4- 3 FLAME THROWER, BALL MOUNT INSTALLATION, M4Al AND M4A3 MEDIUM TANKS
This World War IT flame thrower with its related equipment was installed in the bow of the M4 tanks noted . The cal. . 30 machine gun normally carried in this bow mount was stowed adjacent to the flame gun, and could be used alternately, but not simultaneously. The M4A1 and M4A3 tanks used either the 6551070 (D51070) ball mount shown on Plate lH>- 1017 or the 70089 29 ball mount group shown on Plate No. 116- 1016. The use of this existing ball providedbothaflexible mount and a deception device.
M3-4-3 Flame Thrower, Mechanized, References: TM 3-362 (1945).
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1317
1007
GUN MOUNTS & FLAME THROWER, 1'33 MEDIUM TANK
RIA 1024- 15512(1946) The T33 was an M4 Medium Tank with an experimental turret. The turret was equipped with a combination gun mount using a 76mm gun and a machine gun, coaxially mounted, with an independently elevated flame gun.A ball- mounted cal. . 30 machine gun was included in the forward hull, and an AA mount was used on the top of the turret. The combination gun mount was apparently similar to the T90 mount. REFERENCES: OCM 27859, RIA 1024, 15473.
Turret Detail. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1323
RIA 1024-15470 (1946). 1008
FLAME GUN INSTALLATIONS, MEDIUM TANKS, GERMAN
Flame Thrower on PzKpfw Ill
APG A43184 (1946)
The flame gun on the World War n medium tank shown above was disguised as the primary gun of the combination mount in the turret. Additional views of the PzKpfw lll medium tanks, conventionally armed, are shown on Plate No. 116- 1048.
Flame thrower tank PzKpfw II Model F Sc. Kfz 122 converted from Models D and E.
No attempt was made to disguise the pair of flame guns installed on the fenders of the above tank. Each electrically-controlled flame gun had limited elevation control within the 180 o traverse range.In addition to the flame guns, a ball-mounted machine gun was used in the forward wall of the stationary turret, and smoke generators for screening were included in the front and rear of this tank. Flame fuel capacity was 35 gallons for each gun. Compressed nitrogen was used for fuel throwing and acetylene for fuel ignition.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1319
1009
M3 ( 7993247) CUPOLA MOUNT AND FLAME GUN INSTALLATION T65 SELF-PROPELLED FLAME THROWER
Flame Gun at Maximum Elevation.
DA 32401 (1952)
The 7993247 caliber . 50 concentric ring type cupola mount, shown above without gun or cradle, is detailed on Plate No. 116- 1320. The cal. . 50 Browning machine gun was intended for both ground and anti- aircraft use. The "Iroquois" flame gun, in a flexible mount, at the built- up assistant driver' s position was aimed through a replaceable periscope.
DA 32395
DA 3290
No attempt was made to disguise the flame gun on this vehicle, as compared to the ball-mounted flame gun shown on Plate No. 116-1317 and the German turr et mounted flame gun shown on Plate No. 116-1319.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1318
1010
COMBINATION CUPOLA MOUNT Flame Gun & Caliber . 30 M. G.
Al 2680
This combination cupola mount was designed for use on the T59 Armored Infantry Vehicle. It was watertight >r use on landing vehicles during surfing operations and contained a caliber .30 ma hine gun and coaxially mounted "Iroquois" flame gun. A rectangular box ammunition ontainer of 500 round capacity was mounted adjacent to the machine gun permitting mmunition to be fed directly to the gun. The flame gun fuel supply was fed via a swivel >inted tubing system extending from the flame gun to the vehicle floor. The flame gun as modified to permit electrical firing. The mount weighed 553 pounds and used 3/8" omogeneous armor plate sloped to a 5/8" ballistic equivalent.
Al 2683.
Flame Gun Plumbing.
OVILLE Plate No. 116- 1588
AAl 2687. 1011
Machine Gun Installation.
DIVISION T TREE MOUNTS During World War II, requirements were brought forth for the development of a mount which could be used to attach a machine gun to a tree trunk or to a wood post so that the gun could be raised above underbrush or grass or placed in a tree to provide an adequate field of fire. This division illustrates mounts of this nature which were developed in an attempt to satisfy these requirements.
These were essentially variations or
adaptations of bracket or short pedestal mounts carrying a clamping or fasten ing means for attaching the mount to a tree or post. were tried.
Three distinct variations
One type used a chain loop and screw tightening arrangement to fix
sharp teeth into the trunk for supporting the gun. A second type used cant hooks in an ice tong arrangement to compensate for different tree sizes.
The British
used another type which consisted simply of a large screw which could be at tached not only to tree trunks, but also to all types of wooden structures. However, it had the disadvantage in that it did not securely retain the machine gun, but only allowed it to be rested on a support. The following paragraphs present a breakdown of the tree mounts develop ment. In November of 1942, a requirement for tree mounts was initiated based on the fact that in certain localities the light machine guns could not be used effectively on the M2 tripod mount (shown on Plate 116-1236) because high grass and undergrowth blocked out fie 1d s of fire.
1013
The tree mount was an endeavor to
T71 TREE MOUNTS
Caliber .30 REF: OCM 25412 Weight: 18.75 lbs. Installation Time: 53 Seconds
FB 441134 - 5
RIA 956-8747. Shown with M1919A4 BMG. The two upper views are of the first Rock Island Arsenal model of this mount, which showed excessive dispersion when tested at Aberdeen. The remaining views are reinforced models, 3 each furnished for test to the Infantry Board and the Cavalry Board in 1943. Aberdeen tests of the reinforced model found it to be improved over the original model. FB 441134-6
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1795
FB 441134-8 This mount included the pintle C59332 and the elevating and traverse mechanism C74620 from the M2 cal. .30 tripod model detailed on Plate 116-1236. 1016
T95 AND T96 TREE MOUNTS Both of these mounts were developed in 1943. Each provided only a rest for the machine gun, without provisions for mechanical elevation or traverse. The T95 was intended for use with a caliber .30 machine gun and the T96 was intended for use with a caliber . 50 machine gun.
T96 Tree Mount From Photo sc 380180. Queensland, Australia. 5 Dec. 1943. Tree Mount for a cal. .50 MG Brisbane.
The T96 mount included the pintle assembly 03 8579 and the pintle socket C7 4683 from the M24 or M24A1 pedestal truck mounts s hown on P lates 116-1224 and 116- 1222. Two serrated jaws were clamped against the t ree trunk by a chain wrapped ar ound the tree and tightened by a hand screw. The T95 included the pintle C59332 and pintle socket C59331 from the M2 cal. .30 tripod mount shown on Plate 116- 1236. The 7- 1/8 pound as s embly was clamped to the tree by a chain wrapped around the tree and tightened by a linkage on the side of the tree, away from the gun. The chain ends were attached to the pintle socket in the po sition formerly occupied by the rear tripod legs, and a single spiked leg serving as a brace replaced the forward tripod leg. Both of these mounts were tested at Aberdeen in December 1943, and found unsatisfactory due to limited traverse, instability, and difficulty of installation.
T95 Tree Mount with M1919A4 Cal. Browning Machine Gun. NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1797
1017
T100E3 TREE MOUNT, Caliber .30
Tl00E3 Tree Mount with Ml919A4 Cal. .30 Browning Machine Gun. Ft. Benning 44134 -7
FB 441134-3 The 15 pound T100E3 differed from the T100E2 in the addition of a lever arm to permit plus or minus 21.5° adjustment of the pintle holding shaftin elevation, and in the enlargement of the pintle socket holder. This ice- tong type oftree mount used the C59332 pintle, from the M2 tripod mount cal. . 30, but did not provide mechanical elevation or traverse. The Infantry Board Report No. 1646 of 3 July 1944, found that this mount was heavy, difficult to carry, and difficult to feed It recommended that the mount not be standardized. This mount could be installed in approximately 20 seconds. NOVILLE J?late No. 116- 1796
1018
FB 441134 - 1
TREE MOUNT BRITISH
Fort Benning 44ll34 - 2 (1944)
This 2. 75 pound mount cons isted of two assemblies. The bas e ass embly included an installation s cr ew with a clamping collar for locking the gun s upport assembly. FB 441134 - 4 (1944) Mount with M1919A4 cal. .30 BMG This British mount could be installed in 22 s econds on trees 4 inches and above in diameter or in other wooden structures, whereas the T71 tree mount shown on P la te 116- 1795 was limited to trees from 8- 1/2 inches to 18 inches in diameter, and the T100E3 tree mount shown on Plate 116- 1796 was limited to trees from 5-1/2 inches to 18 inches in diameter. A small belt suspended canvas carrying case was used with the British mount during transport, while the other mounts were hand carried. The M1917A4, M1919A4, M1917A1 caliber . 30 Browning Machine Guns, or the M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle could be fired from a rest position on the British mount. The guns were simply rested in the H shaped gun support, without a pintle, lock pin, or mechanical traverse and elevation mechanism. The Infantry Board, Fort Benning, Report 1646 of July 3, 1944, noted that failure to feed due to lack of cartridge belt support was a common cause of stoppage wit h this mount. This report concluded that neither the British mount, the T71, nor the T100E3 were stable enough or effective enough to recommend standardization. It further re commended that should a requirement exist for tree mounts that the T71 be considered an adequate heavy mount and the British mount be considered an adequate light mount.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1794
1019
DIVISION U FIXED FORTIFICATION MOUNTS Contents Section 1 - - - - - Single and Combination Ball Mounts Gimbal Suspended Ball Mounts Section 2 Discussion Fixed fortification mounts are presented as part of this vehicular secondary armament study since such installations incorporate design features and concepts which may be of interest to designers of vehicular mounts. This material does not attempt to cover the broad field of fortification mounts, it does, however, include representative designs which were selected on the basis of interesting details affecting secondary armament mounting. The United States had no comparable Maginot or Seigfried Lines to require developments of this nature. The United States Coast Artillery installations comparable in mass to such fortifications primarily mounted large artillery weapons which did not fall within the scope of this study.
1021
DIVISION U
SECTION 1
SINGLE AND COMBINATION BALL MOUNTS
The fortification mounts of this section all utilized spherical ball type mounts to obtain a cone of fire. While the French utilized free manually held and aimed machine guns, the Germans and Soviets generally used cradled guns with mechanical elevating and traverse mechanisms.
1023
BALL MOUNT IN FIXED FORTIFICATION USED IN FRENCH MAGINOT LINE WWII
Interior view of installation, s hawing use of Chatellerault 7. 5mm machine gun Model 1924- 29.
Components of Ball Mount Assembly. This installation consisted of an almost complete ball trapped within a porthole housing. The ball segment served as an armored porthole closure and flexible suspension. Included in the ball was a gun barrel slot and a vision block assembly for aiming. The conical transparent eyepiece was replaced from the interior by unscrewing the finned rear aperture cylinder. A short cradle fitted into the ball and served to support the gun, ammunition supply, and expended case collection bag.
NOVILLE P lat <' No. 116-1063
1024
BALL MOUNT IN FIXED FORTIFICATION FRENCH MAGINOT LINE, WW II
Shown above is an external view of a ball mount installation used in the French Maginot line during World War II. The exposed portion of the ball and recessed housing were both stepped in section to minimize ricochet, in order to protect the ball and housing joint. An external tube attached to the ball protected the machine gun barrel. The notch in the housing provided clearance for the motion of the sight aper ture in the ball, directly over the gun. This dis continuity of the surface apparently provided a satisfactory target.
NOVlLLE Plate No. 116- 1068
1025
BALL MOUNT IN FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMAN, WORLD WARD
Anti-tank gun firing position, side view.
Machine gun and anti-tank gun in service position, plan view.
The ball-mounted machine gun and ball-mounted anti-tank gun shown above were intended for fixed fortification use. Both were capable of being swung from firing position to service position, and both had armored ports for protecting the portholes when the guns were in service position. The machine gun mount used the ball segment as an armored closure for the porthole, with a gimbal or pivoted suspension such as shown on Plates No. 116-1062 and -1051. The anti-tank gun mount used the trapped ball segment both as an armored porthole closure and as a flexible suspension.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1067
1026
BALL MOUNT, COMBINATION, SOVIET (1940) USED IN FIXED FORTIFICATION
APG 14919H This is an external view of the mount detailed on Plates 116- 1176 and 116-1 177. Thecombinationmountconsistedofa 4. 5cmanti- tankgunanda7. 62mm DS machine gun in a ball mount. The aiming telescope is visible at one o'clock on the ball. The recessed housing was stepped to minimize ricochet damage to the ball mount and the joint line between the ball and the housing. A French design with a stepped recess is shown on Plate No. 116- 1068, and a corresponding German design is shown on Plate No. 116- 1059. A comparison of these three design details illustrates the Soviet practice of using roughly surfaced components where surface appearance is not a practical factor.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1178
1027
BALL MOUNT, COMBINATION, SOVIET (1940) USED IN FIXED FORTIFICATION
APG 14860H This ball mount includes a 4. 5cm anti-tank gunanda 7.62 mm DS machine gun. Additional views are shown on P lates 116-1178 and 116-1176.
The main gun and the secondary gun were fired by foot pedals and flexible shafts operated by the gunner. Traverse and elevation handwheels were accessible to the seated gunner. Aiming was done through an offset telescope. Flexible exhaust tubes were connected to the machine gun and the expended case chute.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1177
1028
BALL MOUNT, COMBINATION, SOVIET (1940)
I -·
Included in this combination mount was a 4. 5cm anti- tank gun and a coaxially mounted 7. 62mm DS Degtyarev Medium, 1939 Model. The top plate of the machine gun bears a 1940 legend. The side view shown above shows the ball ended gun cradle and the traverse cradle below. The traverse cradle front end is pivoted directly below the ball segment. A set of rollers provides rear support along a track and gear arc segment. The traverse cradle supports the vertical equilibrator that counterbalances the guns and gun cradle, and the elevation gear arc segments. The gun cradle is elevated by a pair of pinion gears rolling along these two arcs. The pinion gears are driven by an irreversible worm and gear assembly, via a set of miter gears, and a hand crank located on the left hand side of the mount. An expended case chute extends from the machine gun to the main gun's ejected case chute. The common chute used a telescoping ball-jointed assembly to follow the motions of the mount. Additional views of this mount are shown on Plates No. 116- 1177 and 116- 1178.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1176
1029
BALL MOUNT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS, SOVIET 1939
14856H
This mount used an offset telescopic sight attached to the gun cradle. A calibrated elevation dial was attached to the lower traverse cradle.
Additional views of this 7. 62mm machine gun mount are shown on Plates ll6- ll73 and 116-ll75.
Detail of Forward Ball Housing, with Ball Back-up Plate and Cradle Removed.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1174
1030
BALL MOUNT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS, SOVIET
t939
APG 14855H
Additional views of this assembly are shown on Plates 116-11 74 and 116- 1175. Used With: 7. 62mm Maxim Model 1918 heavy machine gun.
This view of the right handfeeding side of the machine gun shows the ball-ended gun cradle and the lower traverse cradle. The lower traverse cradle is pivoted at the front directly below the ball segment. It includes a group of rollers that travel along a rail segment that provides a rear support. The upper gun cradle is pivoted at the front in the ball housing which permits both traverse and elevation. The elevation motion is controlled by a differential screw assembly operated by the hand wheel at the rear of the lower cradle. A ball-jointed telescoping equilibrator mechanism was used to counterbalance the weight of the gun and gun cradle.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1173
1031
BALL MOUNT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS, SOVIET 1939
APG 14858H
The traverse calibrated rail on this mount was equipped with two movable stops that could be locked where desired to limit traverse motion. The ammunition supply box was on the right and an expended belt receiving box was on the left. The 7. 62mm Maxim Model 1910 heavy machine gun bears a 1940 legend and the mount assembly bears a 1939 legend. Additional views are shown on Plates 116- 1173 and 116- 1174.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1175
1032
DIVISION U
SECTION 2
GIMBAL SUSPENDED BALL MOUNTS
This section includes examples of ball faced mounts with gimbal suspensions used in fixed fortifications. The ball segments in these examples were used as an armored closure and not as a flexible suspension, as in the previous section. The gimbal suspensions are of two general types: the surrounding double trunnion arrangement such as shown on Plate 116-1059, and the floor mounted type in which the vertical set of trunnions was located below the weapon to permit inclusion of a hinged servicing feature. The mount shown in Plate 116-1064 was of this type with a rather complex means of elevation adjustment. The mount of Plate 116-1066 was unique in that a carriage or skate was utilized to provide mobility and allowed the mount to be fired from more than one position within the fixed turret of the fortification.
1033
BALL MOUNT, GIMBAL SUSPENSION, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMANWWll
.. .
Exterior Detail. The gimbal-supported cradle of this mount had a flat-faced ball segment as the front end shield. this shield had apertures for an MG 34 and a telescopic sight. The recessedportholewalls of the installation were stepped to reduce ricochet damage. A rack:lbr six replacement barrels
was included at the right hand side of the support structure. In this mount the entire MG 3 4 had to be removed from the cradle for re placement of the gun barrel. Plate No. 116-1051 shows a mount with an elaborate linkage for swinging the entire gun cradle assembly back for gun barrel replacement.
Rear view of complete assembly.
-·
The telescoping ejection chute ar rangement is the same as shown on Plate No. 116-1060.
Side view of installation. NOVILLE Plate' No. 116- 1059
1034
TWIN BALL MOUNT, GIMBAL SUSPENSION, FIXED GERMAN WWII This Twin MG 34 Mount had the same type of gimbal suspension as the single machine gun mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1059. This mount had a spare barrel rack with a larger capacity, andanejec tion chute of the same design. The guns on this mount were removed rearward fo r servicing. Another design with a linkage for placing the guns in service position is shown on Plate No. 116- 1057.
Rear view of com plete assembly in ready to fire con dition.
The Ball-Jointed Ejection Tube Assembly served a dual purpose. The spring surrounding the ejection chute acted as an equilibrator to counterbalance the weight of the gun and ammunition box assembly. While the tube served to guide expended cases and links to a remote stowage bin, such as shown on Plate No. 116-1050, the upper end of the ejection tube assembly surrounded a hollow ball segment fixed to the cradle assembly. The lower ·end of the tube telescoped through a structurally mounted trapped ball segment. A different type of ejection chute is shown on Plate No. 116- 1062. Detail of Ball Jointed Ejection Tube Assembly. NOVILLE Plat!' No. 116-1060
1035
BALL MOUNT IN FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMANWWII
This assembly is shown in the elevated firing position, with the detachable ball armor segment removed. Another two - position mount, similar in function but different in details, is shown on Plate No. ll6 - l05l. An ejection chute of different design, consisting of a ball-jointed tube arrange ment, is shown on Plate No. 116- 1060.
The ball segment of this mount attached to the pair of latches visible at the front end of the cradle. The elevation pivot was in line with the gun barrel, and the traverse pivot was part of the fixed floor base. Both pivot center lines passed through the common center of the ball armor segment and the porthole housing. This method of providing a cantilevered support for a ball within a socket without an adjacent back bearing ring mounted to the structure was used on other German mounts. Examples of these are shown on Plates No. 116-1066, - 1065, and - 1051.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1062
1036
BALL MOUNT, SECONDARY ARMAMENT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS, GERMAN
View A
View B
1936
View C
The above illustrations from the archives of the Aberdeen Museum are reproduction of parts of captured Nazi documents relating to fixed fortifications. The German ball mount shown is illustrated in a firing position on Plate No. 116- 1051 and in a service position on Plate No. 116- 1057. View A, an interior elevation looking forward, shows the expended case and link disposal arrangement, consisting of a chute leading to a lower level receiving bin. View B, an interior plan view, shows the relative positions of the secondary and the primary armament in the fortification. View C, an interior elevation looking left, shows the extent of the exposed and buried portions of the fortification. Underground tunnels interconnected the network of fortifications.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1050
1037
BALL MOUNT IN SERVICE POSITION, SECONDARY ARMAMENT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMAN
Exterior view of fortification.
1936
This installation included a heavily armored port for closing the porthole when the Ball Mount was swung back for barrel changing or gun servicing. The MG34, used with a telescopic sight, is shown in firing position on Plate No. 116-1051.
Interior view of installation. The large ball segment protecting the machine gun, sight and porthole was supported and pivoted at the gun level on a horizontal axis for elevation control. For traverse the entire assembly was supported on a floor level pivot in line with the common center of the ball and the ball elevation pivot.
Detail of Ball Mount Assembly in service position. Drawings of this installation are shown on Plate No. 116- 1050.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1057
1038
BALL MOUNT IN FIRING POSITION, SECONDARY ARMAMENT, FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMAN
1936
External view of fortification.
Detail of Ball Mount Assembly in firing position.
Interior view of installation.
This Ball Mount was intended for heavy duty and prolonged service, and included many elaborate features. A rack for five replacement barrels, large capacity ammunition boxes, a two position supporting linkage, chuting for remote stowage of expended cases and links, and a hinged armored port were among the many components of this installation. The supporting linkage is shown in the service position on Plate No. 116-1057 while drawings of the Ball Mount installation are shown on Plate No. 116-1050.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1051
1039
BALL MOUNT IN FIXED FORTIFICATIONS GERMAN, WORLD WAR II
/
/
// /
..
,'
~
i i ·,
IIF=;~~, u ·.
Service Position, Side View.
·I
Firing Position, Side View.
A similar ball and gun arrangement in a skate mount used within a circular turret is shown on Plate No. 116- 1066.
!--.--. A
I·· I.
/
I
,I
Service Position, Plan View. The machine gun MG 34, ammunition box, and telescopic sight in this mount are the same as used in the mount shown on Plate No. 116- 1051.
Firing Position, Plan View.
The gimbal-suspended ball and cradle of this mount was supported by a two position linkage on a fixed base. The retracted position was for gun servicing and barrel changing. The extended position with the ball segment nesting within the porthole was for firing. Traverse and elevation pivots rotating about the common center of the ball and porthole permitted a traverse of 30 ° to each side of center, elevation of 12°, and depression of 15°.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1065
1040
SKATE MOUNT INSTALL ED ON RAIL, FIXED FORTIFICATION GERMAN, WORLD WAR 11
/ ,, ;:; / \
(//~--\~//.
·-.,
·,~/ '~
·@~.
This German WWII mount was capable of use at six different stations in a circular turret. The mount had a ball-faced armor segment with apertures for an MG 34 and a sighting telescope. A centrally located expended case and link chute was attached to the gun, and maintained i~s relative position at all gun sta-
~/@_lions.
': _____ I I
/
~
i~ //~
/~:p
The two- position support linkage served a dual purpose. In the extended, or firing, position the ball segment with its gimbal suspension was held in a spherical housing porthole so that the traverse and elevated motions of the ball were about its center. When the linkage was in its retracted position, the mount could be moved to another port, or the gun could be serviced. This arrangement gave a 360 o traverse coverage to a relatively light gun mount that had the protection of a relatively heavy turret. A rotating turret of equivalent protection would have been much more complex and would have required a powerful drive. Each of the portholes was provided with an armored hinged cover for protection when not in use. In the detail shown, the armored member (1) was suspended in what was apparently a shock absorbing crushable collar (4).
Typical port cover arrangement.
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1066
1041
FLEXIBLE
MOUNT~
MOCK- UP. FOR MG 34
GERMAN, WORLD WAR II
Exterior view, showing unprotected area, and mounting clamp.
-
Interior view, showing suspension and shielding details. Directly below the aft end of the barrel on the forward gun clamp was a pivot joint for traverse, and below that a pivot joint for elevation. The internal shield provided protection against direct fire only. NOVILLE Plate No. 116- 1064
1042
COMBINATION GUN MOUNT 25 MM & 2 MG's
- FRENCH
11850H
This combination gun mount used one 25 mm primary weapon and two machine guns. The machine guns and the 25 mm gun moved together in elevation and traverse, however, the right machine gun had limited independent traverse movement.
Left s ide view
This mount was used in the Maginot Line (c. 1939 ).
I
I Right side view
NOVILLE Plate No. 116-1754
Top view 1043
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1000
M8 Ball Mount, 6-1/2"- Caliber . 3 0 - - - - - - - - - 690
116-1001
T1 Ball Mount, 6-1/2" - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - 687
116-1002
Ball Mount, 9" Model 1920 - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - 685
116-1003
M12E1 Ball Mount, 3-1/2"- Caliber . 3 0 - - - - - - - - 6 9 3
116-1004
T2 Ball Mount, 3-1/2"- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 688
116-1005
Ball Mounts in Sponsons of M2A1 Medium Tank Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 9 8
116-1006
Ball Mounts in Sponsons of M2 Medium Tank Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 697
116-1007
Ball Mounts in Sponsons of M2A4 and M3 Light Tanks- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 742
116-1008
M13, Modified, Ball Mount, 3-1/2" Installations Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
696
116-1009
M13, Modified, Ball Mount, 3-1/2"- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ 694
116-1010
6576459 (D76459) Ball Mount - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 708
116-1011
6576459 (D76459) Ball Mount Installations Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 709
116-1012
D59830 Ball Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 702
116-1013
D59830 Ball Mount Installations - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 703
116-1014
7722940 Ball Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 711
116-1015
D93884 Ball Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 705
116-1016
7008929 Ball Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 710
116-1017
6551070 (D51070) Ball Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 706
116-1018
Ball Mounts in M4 Medium Tank Series - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ 714
1045
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1019
Ball Mounts in M4 Medium Tank Series - Caliber . 30
713
116-1020
Ball Mounts in M4 Medium Tank Series - Caliber . 30
715
116-1021
7722408 Ball Mount - Caliber . 30
748
116-1022
7722408 Ball Mount Installations - Caliber . 30
749
116-1023
7351999 Ball Mount - Caliber . 30
750
116-1024
7351999 Ball Mount Installations - Caliber . 30
751
116-1025
040771 Ball Mount, Gimbal Suspension - Caliber . 30
740
116-1026
SP-4500 Ball Mount, Weight Balanced - Caliber . 30
746
116-1027
7058104 Ball Mount, Modified - Caliber . 30
747
116-1028
K-4 Ball Mount - Caliber . 50
755
116-1029
K-2A Ball Mount - Caliber . 30
754
116-1030
20mm Ball Mount, Fixed, Aircraft - Bu Ord 300962
744
116-1031
T2E1 Ball Mount, 3-1/2" -034216 Ball Mount, 3-1/2" -031872 Ball Mount, 3-1/2"
689
Ball Mounts in Sponsons of M3 Light Tank Caliber . 30
743
116-1033
Ball Mount, 7 -1/2" Model 1920 - Caliber . 30
686
116-1034
Ball Mount, 9" Model 1920 - Caliber . 30
682
116-1035
M35 Skate Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
564
116-1036
List of Skate Mounts Installed on Rail of M3A1 Scout Cars
574
116-1037
D3 6961 Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly
566
116-1038
M8 Ball Mount Installations - Caliber . 30
691
116-1032
1046
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No .
116-1039
M10 Ball Mount, 6- 1/ 2" - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - 692
116-1040
Ball Mount Installations, 9" Model 1920 Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 684
116-1041
Ball Mount, 9", in Bell Housings - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 683
116-1042
Ball Mount, 9", in Mark VID Heavy Tanks Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21
116-1043
Model 50 Ball Mount, German, World War II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 727
116-1044
Ball Mount, Gimbal Suspension, German, World War ll _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 736
116-1045
Curved Barrel Ball Mount, German - - - - - - - - - - - 976
116-1046
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 9 2mm MG 34 and Tele s copic Sight K. Z. F. 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132
116- 1047
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 724
116-1048
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 721
116- 1049
Ball Mount, 105cm Rocket Launcher, German _ _ _ _ _ _ _757
116- 1050
Ball Mount, Secondary Armament, Fixed Fortifications, German ______________________ l 037
116- 1051
Ball Mount in Firing P osition, Secondary Armament, Fixed F ortifications, German _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1039
116- 1052
Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly, G-1 Air Corps Mount - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .552
116- 1053
Skate Mount, Air Corps, used on T13 Scout Car Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 553
116- 1054
Type C- 12 Air Corps Cradle and Pintle Assemblies _ ____ 270
1047
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1055
M35 and M29 Skate Mounts, Installation on Rail of T16 Half - Track Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l92
116- 1056
Skate Mount, Air Corps, Installed on Rail of T13 Scout Car - Caliber . 30
116-1057
Ball Mount in Service Position, Secondary Armament, Fixed Fortification, German
571 1038
116- 1058
D34803 Skate Mount - Caliber . 30
116- 1059
Ball Mount, Gimbal Suspension, Fixed Fortifications, German, World War IT
1034
Twin Ball Mounts, Gimbal Suspension, Fixed German, World War IT
1035
116- 1060 116- 1061 116- 1062
Early M30, D36958, Skate Mount Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
559
562
Ball Mount in Fixed Fortifications, German World War IT
1036
116- 1063
Ball Mount in Fixed Fortifications, French
1024
116-1064
Flexible Mount, Mock-Up for MG 34 - German, World War IT
1042
Ball Mount in Fixed Fortifications, German, World War IT
1040
116-1065 116-1066
Skate Mount Installed on Rail, Fixed Fortifications, German, World War II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1041
116-1067
Ball Mount in Fixed Fortifications, German World War IT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1026
116-1068
Ball Mount in Fixed Fortifications, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1025
116- 1069
T38 Skate Mount, Installation on Rail of M2A1 Scout Car ___ 572
116-1070
T38 Skate Mount, Components- Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 554
1048
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1071
M22 and M35 Skate Mounts, Installation on Rails of M3 and M3A1 Scout Cars
573
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
722
Skate Mount Composed of 040733 Cradle and Pintle Assembly with 040721 Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
568
116- 1074
034218 Cradle and Pintle Assembly - Caliber . 50
232
116- 1075
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
739
116-1076
M22 Skate Mount - Caliber . 30
558
116-1077
Ball Mounts, Pz.Kpfw.IV, Sd.Kfz.161, German
738
116- 1078
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
725
116-1079
M29 Skate Mount - Caliber . 30
560
116-1080
German Ball Mount Installations - 7. 92mm MG 34 and Telescopic Sight K. Z. F. 2
723
116-1081
M30 Skate Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
563
116 -1082
German Ball Mount Installations
726
116- 1083
M35C Skate Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
565
116 -1084
Skate Mounts on Rail of M4 and M4A1 Half Track 81mm Mortar Carriers
576
116-1085
Experimental Caliber . 30 Ammunition Boxes
306
116-1086
M29 and M35 Skate Mounts, M2 Half Track, Installation
575
116-1087
M30 Skate Mount Installation - Landing Vehicle, Tracked, MK II
202
116-1072 116-1073
1049
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1088
Skate Mount, Aircraft Installation - - - - - - - - - - - 578
116-1089
D54075 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box
116-1090
Gun Mounts, Swedish Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117
116-1091
E10014 Cradle, Pintle, and Tray Assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253
116-1092
Combination Gun Mounts, L-60 Series Tanks, Swedish _ _ _ 118
116- 1093
7068880 (D68880) Cradle and Pintle Assembly_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238
116- 1094
D3 6960 Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Assembly _ _ _ 230
116-1095
T5, T5E1, and T5E2 Cradle and Pintle Assemblies - - - - - 225
116- 1096
M1917A1 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 350
116 - 1097
M1917A1 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 351
116-1098
D7431 Cradle and Pintle Assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228
116-1099
D40721 Pintle Socket and Carriage Assembly_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 561
116-1100
Skate Mount on Rail, French, World War I - - - - - - - - 570
116-1101
T7E1 (T7) Combination Gun Mount Caliber .30 and Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 814
116-1102
T1 Combination Gun Mount - 37mm and Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ 808
116-1103
M23 and M23A2 Combination Gun Mount 3 7mm and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 826
116-1104
M23A1 Combination Gun Mount - 37mm and Caliber . 30 _ _ _ 824
116- 1105
M7 Combination Machine Gun Mount Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 816
116-1106
M53 (T55) Combination Gun Mount 37mm and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 901
1050
AssemblY ---~ 236
PLATE INDEX P late No.
Title
Page No.
116-1107
M44 Combination Gun Mount - 3 7mm and Caliber . 30
827
116- 1108
Carriage Components (D36961)
567
116-1109
M78 Combination Gun Mount - 90mm and Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
947
116 -1 110
M73 Combination Gun Mount - 90mm and Caliber . 30
952
116-1111
M67 and M67 A1 (T99 Series) Combination Gun Mounts 90mm and Caliber . 30
933
M71 (T117) Combination Gun Mount 105mm Howitzer and Caliber . 30
942
M62 (T80) Combination Gun Mount 76mm and Caliber . 30
928
M62 (Modified) Combination Gun Mount 76mm and Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50
930
M34 (T48) Combination Gun Mount 75mm and Caliber . 30
902
116- 1116
M34A1 Combination Gun Mount - 75mm and Caliber . 30
904
116- 1117
M54 (T87, M42E1) Combination Gun Mount 3 7mm and two Caliber . 50
886
M24 (T8) and M24A1 Combination Gun Mount 37mm and Caliber . 30
898
M64 (T90) Combination Gun Mount 75mm and Caliber . 30
908
116 - 1120
M21 (T3 8) Skate Mount - Caliber . 50
555
116- 1121
M21 (T3 8) Skate Mount, Components
556
116- 1122
P intle Socket and Carriage Assembly used on M21 and T3 8 Skate Mount
557
116 - 1112 116-1113 116- 1114 116-1115
116- 1118 116- 1119
1051
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1123
D40733 Cradle and Pintle Assembly
234
116- 1124
M4 (T32) Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50
466
116- 1125
M4 Modified Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50
467
116-1126
Reel and Mechanical Feed Mechanism Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50 - G. 0. N.
322
116 - 1127
Reel and Mechanical Feed Mechanism, 20mm - R. L. C.
324
116 - 1128
Turret Mount, Dual MG 13, P z. Kpfw. I Light Tank, German
121
T63 Combination Gun Mount - British 6 PDR MK 3 or 57mm Gun, M1 and Caliber . 30
907
T148 Combination Gun Mount - 90mm and Caliber . 50 and Caliber . 30
949
116- 1131
M1917A1E1 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30
354
116 - 1132
T62 Combination Gun Mount - 40mm and 2 Caliber . 50
955
116-1133
T9 8 Combination Gun Mount - 40mm and 2 Caliber . 50
890
116 - 1134
T65 Combination Gun Mount - 40mm and 2 Caliber . 50
888
116- 1135
D70627 Cradle and Pintle Assembly
240
116- 1136
D70627 Cradle and Pintle Assembly in Bracket Mount on the M10 and M10A1 Gun Motor Carriages
241
D9 0045 Cradle and Pintle Assembly. (Original Version used in M24A1 Pedestal Mount)
246
T7E1, Modified, Combination Gun Mount Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50
815
116- 1139
T18 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 30
459
116-1140
T23E1 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30
367
116 - 1129 116- 1130
116-1137 116-1138
1052
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1141
T24 Tr:ipod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 369
116- 1142
T23 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 366
116- 1143
6551070 (D5 1070) Ball Mounts, Components - - - - - - - 707
116-1144
Ball Mounts, KV Heavy Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - 3·0
116- 1145
Ball and Turret Mounts, T35 Heavy Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 25
116 - 1146
Combination Gun Mount and Cupola AA Mount on BT Medium Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73
116- 1147
Ball and Turret Mounts, T28 Heavy Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 28
116- 1148
Gun Mounts, Mark ill Medium Tank, British _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53
116-1149
Ball and Turret Mounts, T28 Heavy Tank, Soviet - - - - - - 27
116-1150
Combination Gun Mount, R34 Medium Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ 74
116-1151
Ball Mount and Combination Gun Mounts T34 Medium Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75
116-1152
Ball Mount, T37 Amphibious Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198
116-1153
Combination Gun Mount, KV Heavy Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 937
116- 1154
Gun Mounts, T33 and T40 Light Tanks, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111
116-1155
Gun Mounts, T26B Light Tank, Soviet (Late Model) _ _ _ _ _ 104
116-1156
Ball Mounts, T26A Light Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - 699
116-1157
Combination Gun Mount, T26B Light Tank, Soviet (Early Model) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103
116-1158
Turret Mounts, T26W Light Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102
116-1159
Ball and Turret Mounts, Light Tanks, Soviet - - - - - - - - 95
116-1160
Turret Mounts, Half Track Cars, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189
1053
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1161
Ball and Turret Mounts, Amphibious Armored Car, BA Ford, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 197
116-1162
Combination Gun Mount and AA Cupola Mount, JS II Heavy Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81
116- 1163
Combination Gun Mount and AA Cupola Mount, JS ill Heavy Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82
116- 1164
AA Cupola Mount, JSU 122 and JSU 152, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 134
116- 1165
M23 Combination Gun Mount, Installations - - - - - - - - 823
116- 1166
Ball and Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 168
116 - 1167
Ball and Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ 169
116- 1168
Sponson and Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ 146
116- 1169
Gun Mounts, Big Wheel Tank (1915), Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145
116-1170
M44 Combination Gun Mount, Installation 37mm and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 828
116- 1171
Cupola Mount, DShK 12. 7mm MG, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 643
116 - 1172
AA Cupola Mount, 7. 62mm DT Machine Gun Model of 1940, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 645
116 - 1173
Ball Mount, Fixed Fortifications, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1031
116- 1174
Ball Mount, Fixed Fortifications, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1030
116-1175
Ball Mount, Fixed Fortifications, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1032
116-1176
Ball Mount, Combination, Soviet {1940}_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1029
116- 1177
Ball Mount, Combination, Soviet (1940} Used in Fixed Fortification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1028
116-1178
Ball Mount, Combination, Soviet {1940} Used in Fixed Fortification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1027
1054
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1179
T6E1 and T7E1 Cradle and Pintle Assemblies Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227
116- 1180
D3 6960 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box Assembly Installation on Half Track Vehicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231
116-1181
M25 Pedestal Mount - Caliber .30 or Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ 480
116-1182
M25 Pedestal Mount, Installation - Caliber . 30 on M3 Half Track - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 193
116-1183
M24A2 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ 479
116 - 1184
090078 Ammunition Tray Assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312
116-1185
040731 Ammunition Tray Assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313
116- 1186
M49 Ring Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 582
116- 1187
AA Cupola Mount, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 644
116-1188
M23 A1 Combination Gun Mount, Installations 37mm and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 825
116-1189
Combination Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, British-- - - - 176
116-1190
M64 (T90) Combination Gun Mount - 75mm and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 909
116-1191
T65 Combination Gun Mount - 40mm and 2 Caliber . 50 _ _ _ 889
116-1192
T110 Combination Gun Mount 75mm and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 910
116-1193
M23 Combination Gun Mount, Installations 37mm and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183
116-1194
7722940 Ball Mount, Installations - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 712
116-1195
Combination Gun Mount and Turret Mounts "Independent" Heavy Tank, British - - - - - - - - - - 24
1055
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1196
Combination Gun and Turret Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. V and VI Heavy Tanks, German - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
116-1 197
Experimental Twin Machine Gun Cradle and Pintle Assembly - Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276
116-1198
Ball Mount and Combination Mount - T34 Medium Tank North Korean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 938
116-1 199
Pin Assemblies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 319
116 -1200
T17 and T17E1 Pedestal Mount, Components _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 497
116 - 1201
T19 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - 460
116 - 1202
T22 Pedestal Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 461
116- 1203
T16 Pedestal Mount- Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 458
116-1204
T17 and T17E1 Pedestal Mount, Dual Gun Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -496
116- 1205
T3E2 and T3E3 Cradle and Pintle Assemblies Caliber . 30 ----:--==~~;:::---:--========------- 224
116-1206
T15 Tripod Mount (Early version with T3E2 Cradle) Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 343
116- 1207
M1917E2 Tripod Base AssembJy_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 355
116-1208
T6 and T7 Cradle and Pintle Assemblies - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ 226
116- 1209
Experimental Ammunition Boxes Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - 307
116-1210
Colt Tripod Base Assemblies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 361
116-1211
T21 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - 363
116-1212
T12 Tripod Bases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 368
116-1213
M1 Wheeled Mount and Tripod Assemblies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 386
1056
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1214
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, British _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148
116-1215
T23E1 Tripod Mount, Wheeled - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 388
116-1216
T23 Tripod Mount, Wheeled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 389
116-1217
T21E1 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 364
116-1218
T21E1 Tripod Mount, Wheeled - - - - - - - - - - - - 387
116-1219
T21E1 Tripod Mount Components - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ 365
116-1220
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, British - - - - - - - - - - 155
116-1221
M25 Pedestal Mount, Installations - - - - - - - - - - - 481
116-1222
M24A1 Pedestal Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 478
116-1223
D38579 Pintle Group - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 250
116-1224
M24 (T8) P edestal Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - 477
116- 1225
M48 Bracket Mount, Caliber . 30, Components - - - - - - 524
116-1226
M31 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - 484
116-1227
D38579 P intle, Weapon Installations - - - - - - - - - - 251
116- 1228
Elevator P edestal Mount, Experimental, M3 Half- Track _ _ 482
116-1229
Twin Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - 857
116-1230
Ball Mount- Czech - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 717
116 - 1231
M1917 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 346
116- 1232
M1917 Tripod Mount, Cradle and Pintle Components Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 347
116- 1233
Gun Mounts, Early Armored Cars _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144
116-1234
AA Pedestal Mount - Cygnet Type - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 476
1057
PLATE INDEX P late No.
Title
Page No.
116-1235
Experimental Twin Caliber . 50 Cradle and Pintle on Pedestal Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 277
116 - 1236
M2 Mount, Tripod - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 401
116-1236T
M2 Light Weight Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - 400
116-1237
M20 Elevator Bracket Mount- Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - 520
116 - 1238
AA Elevator Bracket Mount, M1 Combat Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 519
116- 1239
D60490 F olding Pintle AA Mount - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - 536
116-1240
6580030 (D80030) Cradle, Pintle, and Ammo Box Holde r Assembly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 245
116- 1241
M27 Bow Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 984
116- 1242
M26 Cupola Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 664
116- 1243
E6160 Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Holder Assembly - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 252
116- 1244
D76272 Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Holder Assembly ______________________ 243
116-1245
E6288 Adapter, Holder, M1 Ammunition Box - - - - - - - 311
116-1246
M48 Bracket Mount, Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - 526
116-1247
M48 Bracket Mount, Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 525
116- 1248
TAC Experimental Holder for Ml Ammunition Box Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 308
116-1249
D38571 Caliber . 30 and D38607 Caliber . 50 Ammunition Trays _____________________________ 310
116-1250
Mark 21 Navy Concentric Ring Mount for 1/4-Ton Truck ___ 617
116-1251
D78272 Cradle, Pintle Assembly - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 242
116-1252
Mark 21 Navy Caliber . 30 Concentric Ring Mount - - - - - - - 616
1058
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1253
M66 Concentric Ring Mount, Components
621
116-1254
M63 Mount, Anti- Aircraft - Caliber . 50 (Four - Legged Ground Mount)
447
116-1255
T47 Pedestal Mount
483
116-1256
M62 (T80) Combination Gun Mount 75mm and Caliber . 30
929
M42 Combination Gun Mount - 37mm and Two Caliber . 50
885
M54 (M42El and T87) Combination Gun Mount 37mm and Two Caliber . 50
887
116- 1259
M13 Modified Ball Mount, 3- 1/ 2" - Caliber .30
695
116 - 1260
M24 Combination Gun Mount Installations
900
116-1261
M20 (T12) Combination Gun Mount 37mm and Caliber . 30
818
M20 Combination Gun Mount 3 7mm and Caliber . 30
819
116- 1263
M22 Combination Gun Mount - 37mm and Caliber . 30
820
116-1264
M22 Combination Gun Mount, Views
821
116-1265
M22 Combination Gun Mount
822
116- 1266
Combination Gun Mount, 6 PDR 6 PDR Gun and Caliber . 30
906
T5 Combination Gun Mount - Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50
165
116-1268
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, U.S. Built for British
181
116-1269
M24 (T8) and M24A1 Combination Gun Mount 37mm and Caliber . 30
899
116 - 1257 116 - 1258
116- 1262
116- 1267
1059
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1270
M24 and M24A1 Combination Gun Mount, Installations _ _ _ _ 182
116 - 1271
M67 and M67 A1 (T99 Series) Combination Gun Mounts _ _ _ 932
116 - 1272
M7 8 Combination Gun Mount Installation on M47 90mm Gun Tank - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 946
116-1273
M52 (T70) Combination Gun Mount 105mm Howitzer and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - 926
116 - 1274
T14 8 Combination Gun Mount - 90mm with Caliber . 30 _ _ _ 948
116 - 1275
M71 Combination Gun Mount, Installation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 943
116 - 1276
D8394 Twin Caliber . 50 Anti- Aircraft Turret Mount _ _ _ _ 856
116 - 1277
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, British - - - - - - - - - - 178
116-1278
M31A1 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ 485
116 - 1279
M31C Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - 486
116- 1280
M1917A1 Tripod Mount with Weapons and D37915 Elevator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 353
116-1281
M76 and M76A1 (T138 Series) Combination Gun Mounts 76mm and Caliber . 50 or Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - 944
116-1282
M76 and M76A1 (T138 Series) Combination Gun Mounts, Installation in T41E1 76mm Gun Tank - - - - - - - - 945
116 - 1283
T102 Combination Gun Mount - 90mm Gun and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 934
116- 1284
M1917 A1 Tripod Mount, Base Components - - - - - - - - 3 52
116 - 1285
T103 Combination Gun Mount- 76mm and Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ 935
116 - 1286
6531559 (D31559) Elevation and Traverse Mechanism _ _ _ _ 316
116-1287
Combination Gun Mount, Experimental 105mm Howitzer and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 924
1060
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1288
Combination Gun Mount, Experimental 105mm Howitzer and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - 925
116 - 1289
T124 Combination Gun Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - 931
116- 1290
D7431 Cradle and Pintle Assembly, Installations _ _ _ _ _ _ 229
116-1291
M34 (T48) Combination Gun Mount 75mm and Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 903
116 - 1292
Gun Mounts, T31 Demolition Tank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1004
116- 1293
M34A1 Combination Gun Mount Installation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 905
116- 1294
M52 (T70) Combination Gun Mount 105mm Howitzer and Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 927
116- 1295
D90045 Cradle and Pintle Assembly, Variations (Used on M24A1 Pedestal Mount) - - - - - - - - - - - 247
116-1296
D90045 Cradle and Pintle Assembly Auxiliary Handles _ _ _ 248
116- 1297
M24A1 Pedestal Mount, Installation - - - - - - - - - - 207
116-1298
Gun Mounts, KV Heavy Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - 936
116-1299
Ball Mount, Turret Rear, JSI, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 733
116- 1300
Ball Mount and Combination Gun Mounts T34 Medium Tank, Soviet - - - - - - - - - - - - - 939
116 - 1301
Ball Mount, T34 Medium Tank, Soviet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 732
116-1302
T123 Series Combination Gun Mounts 105mm and 2 Caliber . 50 or Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - 951
116-1302T
Gun Mounts, T29 Heavy Tank Series - - - - - - - - - - 950
116-1303
Gun Mounts Used on M8 Series Light Armored Cars _ _ _ _ 184
116-1304
Model 50 Ball Mount, German, World War II - - - - - - - 730
116-1305
Model 50 Ball Mount, German - - - - - - -- - - - - - 731
1061
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
D90084 Elevating and Traversing Adjustment Mechanism
317
116 - 1307
Model 50 Ball Mount, German, World War II
729
116 - 1308
Model 50 Ball Mount, Components, German
728
116 - 1309
Gun Mounts, Installation, Pz. Kpfw . IV Model F , German 2
916
MG 34 Machine Gun Installation, Pz. Kpfw IV Model F , German 2
917
116 - 1306
116 - 1310 116 - 1311
Combination Gun Mount, Pz. Kpfw. ill, German
116 - 1312
T62 Combination Gun Mount - 40mm and 2 Caliber . 50
9 54
116 - 1313
Ball Mount, Gimbal Suspension, German
737
116-1314
Skate Mount, Aircraft Type - U.S. 1940
579
116-1315
M1 Recoil Cradle - Caliber . 50
256
116-1316
D72084 Ball Mount, T17E1 Armored Car Installation
704
116-1317
M3 -4-3 Flame Thrower, Ball Mount Installation M4A1 and M4A3 Medium Tanks
1007
M3 (7993247) Cupola Mount and Flame Gun Installation (T65 Self-Propelled Flame Thrower)
1010
116 - 1319
Flame Gun Installations, Medium Tanks, German
1009
116 - 1320
M3 (K7993247) Cupola Mount Caliber . 50 on M24 Light Tank
642
116-1321
M2 (7952500) Concentric Ring Cupola Mount - Caliber . 50
640
116-1322
Flame Gun, Steam Propelled Tank, World War II
1006
116-1323
Gun Mounts and Flame Thrower, T33 Medium Tank
1008
116-1324
Gun Mounts, M6 (T1) Heavy Tank Series
116 - 1318
1062
64
32
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1325
T53 Bow Mount - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 83
116-1326
Gun Mounts, M6 (T1) Heavy Tank Series
31
116-1327
Gun Mounts, Early U. S. Tanks
94
116-1328
Turret Mount, M1917 Six- Ton Tank - Caliber . 30
786
116- 1329
Ball Mount, Pz. Kpfw. I Light Tank, German
720
116-1330
Turret Mount, M1917 Six- Ton Tank - Caliber . 30
787
116 - 1331
Gun Mounts, T16 Light Tank
125
116-1332
Ball Mount, Medium "C" Tank, British
116 - 1333
Combination Gun Mounts, Light Tanks, British
116 - 1334
Ball Mounts, Mk I Medium Tank, British
47
116- 1335
Ball Mounts, Mk II Medium Tank, British
48
116-1336
Gun Mounts, Mk III Medium Tanks, British
54
116-1337
Gun Mounts, British Tanks
99
116-1338
Gun Mounts, Mk II Infantry Tank, British
116-1339
Gun Mounts, Mark V Heavy Tanks, British
19
116-1340
Gun Mounts, Mark V Heavy Tanks, British
20
116-1341
Ball Mounts, Mk A, B, and C Medium Tanks, British
46
116-1342
Gun Mounts, AA Mk II Crusader Tank, British
77
116-1343
Gun Mounts, Crusader Tank, British
76
116-1344
Gun Mounts, Crusader Tank, British
545
116-1345
Gun Mounts, Covenanter Tank, British
534
116-1346
AA Quad Turret Mount, AA Mk I Tank, British
108
1063
50 100
921
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Page No.
Title
116 - 1347
Turret Mounts, Light Tanks, British _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105
116- 1348
Turret Mounts, Light Tanks, British _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106
116-1349
Turret Mount, Mark VI Light Tank, British - - - - - - - 107
116- 1350
Combination Gun Mounts, Light Tanks, British _ _ _ _ _ _ 127
116-1351
Gun Mounts, Light Tanks, British
116 - 1352
Gun Mounts, Medium Cr uiser Tanks, British ________ 55
116 - 1353
Gun Mounts, Infantry Tanks, British
116- 1354
___________________ 57 Gun Mounts, Infantry Tanks, British
116- 1355
____________________ 58 Gun Mounts, Infantry Tanks, British
116- 1356 116- 1357
Gun Mounts, Infantry Tanks, British ------------------- 9 20 _______________ 78 Gun Mounts, Cruiser Tanks, British
116- 1358
Gun Mounts, Cruiser Tanks, British
116-1359
Anti-Aircraft Ring Mount, British - Caliber . 50 MG - - - - 626
116- 1360
Anti- Aircraft Ring Mount Used as Ground Mount, British Caliber . 50 BMG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 418
116-1361
Anti-Aircraft Ring Mount, British - Caliber . 50 AA Gun ___ 627
116 - 1362
Gun Mounts, One-Man Tanks, British - - - - - - - - - - - 97
116-1363
Gun Mounts, Two-Man Tanks, British _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98
116-1364
AA Quad Turret Mount, Humber AA, Mark I, British _ _ _ _ 177
116-1365
Mk I P. L.M. Pedestal Mount, Components, British - - - - 542
116 - 1366
Mk I P. L.M. Pedestal Mount Installation, British _ _ _ _ _ 543
116- 1367
Mk I P. L.M. Pedestal Mount Installation on Humber II Scout Car, British - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 544
1064
____________________ 101
__________________ 56
___________________ 35
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No .
116-1368
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, South African - - - - - - - - 179
116-1369
Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, British - - - - - - - - - 153
116-1370
Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, Britis h - - - - - - - - - 154
116-1371
Turret Mounts, Austin Armored Cars, British _______ 149
116-1372
Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, British - - - - - - - - - 150
116-1373
Gun Mounts, Rolls Royc e Armored Cars, British _ _ _ _ _ _ 151
116 - 1374
Turret Mounts, Rolls Royce Armored Cars, British _ _ _ _ 156
116-1375
Combination Gun Mounts, Coventry Armored Cars British - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180
116-1376
Ball Mount, M44 (T16) Armored Utility Vehicle _ _ _ _ _ _ 752
116-1377
Ball Mounts, ADGZ Armored Car, Austrian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171
116-1378
Gun Mounts on French Tanks, 1950 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36
116-1379
Gun Mounts, Panhard Armored Car, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186
116-1380
Ball Mounts, Schneider C. A., French - - - - - - - - - - - 44
116 - 1381
Ball Mount, Heavy Tank Char 2C, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23
116 - 1382
Gun Mounts on French Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45
116- 1383
Turret Mounts, Renault Tanks, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96
116- 1384
Turret Mounts, Renault Tanks, French - - - - - - - - - - 93
116- 1385
Cupola Mount, S. P. Artillery, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 5
116- 1386
Gun Mounts, Heavy Tank Char B, French - - - - - - - - - 29
116 - 1387
Combination Gun Mount, H39 Light Tank, French ______ 120
116 - 1388
Combination Gun Mount, H35 Light Tank, French _ _ _ _ __ 119
1065
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
P age No.
116- 1389
Gun Mounts, Light Tanks, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109
116- 1390
Turret Mount, Somua 3 5 Medium Tank, French - - - - - - - 59
116 - 1391
Combination Gun Mount, M29 Half Track, French _ _ _ _ _ 191
116- 1392
Turret Mounts, Half Tracks, French - - - - - - - - - - 190
116 - 1393
Elevator Mount, Truck Installation, German World War I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 454
116 - 1394
Elevator Mount, Truck Installation, German World War I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 152
116- 1395
P edestal Mounts, German, World War I - - - - - - - - - 453
116 - 1396
P edestal Mounts , German, World War I - - - - - - - - - 455
116- 1397
Pedestal Mounts, French, World War I - - - - - - - - - 452
116 - 1398
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157
116 - 1399
Turret Mounts, Armored Cars, French _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185
116 - 1400
Pedestal Mounts, Miscellaneous, World War ll - - - - - - 490
116-1401
Ball Mounts, Light Tanks, Czech _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 719
116 - 1402
Ball Mounts, Light Tanks, Czech _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 718
116- 1403
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, Czech _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 167
116 - 1404
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, Swedish - - - - - - - - - - 174
116- 1405
Combination Gun Mount, Swedish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 922
116 - 1406
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, Italian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147
116 - 1407
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, Italian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172
116- 1408
Gun Mounts, Armored Cars, ltalian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173
116 - 1409
Twin Gimbal Mount, 8mm Gun, Italian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 805
1066
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1410
Gimbal Mount Installation, CV 3 - 33 Light Tank Italian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 110
116-1411
Gun Mounts, Italian, World War II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133
116-1412
Gun Mounts, Medium Tanks, Italian, World War II _ _ _ _ _ 66
116-1413
Gun Mounts, Fiat Tanks, Italian - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
116-1414
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz.Kpfw. ll, German _ _ _ _ _ _ 911
116- 1415
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz.Kpfw. ll, German _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63
116 - 1416
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. lll, Sd.Kfz. 141, German - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 912
116 - 1417
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. lli, Sd. Kfz. 141, German - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 913
116-1418
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. IV, Sd.Kfz. 161, German - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 918
116-1419
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. IV, Sd.Kfz. 161, German _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65
116-1420
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. IV, Sd.Kfz. 161, German _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 914
116-1421
Combination Gun Mounts, Experimental Pz.Kpfw. IV, German - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 915
116-1422
Gun Mounts, M2592, M2594, and M2597, Light Tanks Japanese - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 112
116-1423
Gun Mounts, M2593 Light Tank, Japanese - - - - - - - - 113
116-1424
Combination Gun Mounts, "Panther" Tank, German - - - - 919
116-1425
Gun Mounts, M2595 Light Tanks, Japanese - - - - - - - - 114
116-1426
Gun Mount, M2597 Light Tank, Japanese _ _ _ _ __ __ _ l16
116-1427
Gun Mounts, M2589 Medium Tanks, Japanese - - - - - - - 51
1067
PLATE INDEX Plate No. 116 - 1428
Title
Page No.
Gun Mounts, M2592 and M2594 Medium Tanks, Japanese __________________________________________
52
116 - 1429
Gun Mounts, Light Tanks, Japanese _____________________ 115
116-1430
Combination Gun Mounts, 8 x 8 Armored Cars, German ___ 175
116-1431
Twin Pedestal Mount, MG 34, German, World War II _ _ _ _ 502
116 - 1432
Gun Mounts, M2597 Medium Tanks, Japanese -------------- 67
116- 1433
Gun Mounts, Medium and Gun Tanks, Japanese - - - - - - - - 68
116 - 1434
Anti - Aircraft Mount, Maxim Machine Gun, German _____ 832
116- 1435
Anti-Aircraft Pedestal Mounts, Single 20mm, Swiss _ _ _ _ 492
116 - 1436
Pedestal Mounts, Single and Dual 20mm, Danish - - - - - - - 493
116- 1437
Elevator Tripod Mount, 20mm Madsen, Danish - - - - - - 394
116-1438
Tripod Mounts, 20mm Automatic Cannon, Foreign - - - - - 395
116-1439
Gun Mounts, Japanese Medium Tanks, Types 4 and 5 - - - - 69
116- 1440
20mm Tripod Mount - Switzerland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 397
116-1441
Pedestal Mounts, Foreign - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 489
116-1442
Combination Gun Mounts, Pz. Kpfw. Tiger Tanks German ---------------------------------------- 3 4
116 - 1443
Pedestal Mounts, German ------------------------ 509
116-1444
AA Quad Pedestal Mount, Soviet -World War II _______ 503
116-1445
Gun Mounts, Army Amphibious Tanks, Japanese - - - - - - - - 199
116 - 1446
Gun Mounts, Naval Amphibious Tanks, Japanese _ _ _ _ _ _ 200
116-1447
Pedestal Mount, Shielded, German ____________ 303
116-1448
Gun Mounts, "KOKUSAN" M2592 Armored Car, Japanese ____________________________________ 161 1068
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1449
Gun Mounts, "OSAKA" M2592 Armored Car, Japanese _ _ _ 160
116- 1450
Gun Mount, "SUMIDA" M2593 Armored Car, Japanese _ _ _ 158
116- 1451
Ball Mounts, Vickers - Crossley Type Armored Cars Japanese ___________________________ 159
116- 1452
Scarff Mount, Twin Lewis Machine Gun ---------------- 602
116- 1453
Tank Machine Guns, Japanese ------------------------ 716
116- 1454
Scarff Mounts and M1922 A/C - Caliber . 30 BMG _ _ _ _ _ 601
116- 1455
Scarff Mount with Adaptor C- 4 -------------------- 604
116- 1456
Scarff Mount, Type D- 6 -------------------------- 605
116- 1457
Scarff Mount Installations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 206
116- 1458
Scarff Mounts, Rolls Royce Armored Cars, British _ _ _ _ 606
116- 1459
Scarff Mount, Half - Track Armored Car, German _ _ _ _ _ 607
116- 1460
M20 Bracket Mount, Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 521
116-1461
M41 Ring Mount, Scarff Type Mount - Caliber . 30 ________ 608
116-1462
M41 Ring Mount, Scarff Type, Components - - - - - - - - - - - - 609
116 - 1463
D40944 Cradle and C91597 Pintle AssemblY- - - - - - - - - 235
116- 1464
M41 (Navy Mk 20) Ring Mount, and Mk 21 Ring Mount Installations - Caliber .30 _________________ 610
116- 1465
M40 Bracket Mount, Boat Fitting - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 523
116- 1466
Bracket Mounts, Early Type, LVT 4 Amphibious Vehicle - Caliber .30 _____________ 530
116-1467
Bracket Mounts, Late Type, LVT 4 Amphibious Vehicle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 531
116-1468
7326774 Pintle and Shield Assembly - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ __
1069
300
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1469
6560258 (D60258) and D94478 Concentric Ring Mounts _ _ _ _ 618
116-1470
Bracket Mounts, LVT (A)(5) Amphibious Vehicle _ _ _ _ _ _ 203
116 - 1471
M6 (T2) Bracket Mount, Components _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 518
116 - 1472
M6 (T2) Bracket Mount AssemblY - - - - - - - - - - - 517
116 - 1473
Aircraft Gun Mounts, World War I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 986
116 - 1474
Scarff Mount with Twin Lewis Guns, Air Corps TypeD - 7 ___________________________________ 603
116- 1475
Aircraft Swinging Bracket Mount, World War 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 532
116 - 1476
6580030 (D80030) Cradle, Pintle, and Ammunition Box Holder, Components - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 244
116-1477
M5 (T3) Bracket Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 516
116-1478
Mk 6 Mod. 3 Gun Mount Adapter - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ 260
116-1479
Mk 6 Mod. 3 and Mk 6 Mod. 4 Gun Mount Adapter Components - Caliber . 50 -::======:::::::=::::::-:=-=-- - - - - - - 261
116-1480
Mk 8 Mod. 1 Gun Mount Adapter - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - 262
116-1481
Mk 9 Gun Mount Adapter - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263
116 - 1482
Mk 10 Mod. 3 Gun Mount Adapter - Caliber . 50 BAM _ _ _ _ 265
116 - 1483
Mk 10 Gun Mount Adapter, - Caliber . 50 BAM - - - - - - 264
116-1484
Mk 10 Mods. 1- 5 Gun Mount Adapters, Components Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 266
116-1485
Mk 12 and Type C - 16 Gun Mount Adapters - Caliber . 30 ____ 267
116 - 1486
M5 (T3), M6 (T2) Bracket Mounts and M4 (T32) Pedestal Mount, Installation on M1 (T7) Scout Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166
116-1487
Mk 11 Mods. 3 and 4, Twin Gun Mount Adapters Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 291
1070
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1488
Mk 11 Mods. 1 - 5, Twin Gun Mount Adapters Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 290
116-1489
Continuous Feed Mechanism, Navy Aircraft Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 328
116-1490
Mk 14 Twin Gun Mount Adapter - Caliber . 30- - - - - - - 289
116-1491
Twin Link E jection Chute and Pintle Assembly Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320
116 - 1492
Gun Mount Adapter Type AN-E - 10 (E - 10) (Mk 15) _ _ _ _ _ 271
116-1493
Mk 13 Caliber . 50 M2 BAM Gun Mount Adapter, TurretType _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268
116 - 1494
7069693 Cradle and Pintle Assembly - - - - - - - - - - 239
116 - 1495
D706880 (Modified) Cradle and Pintle Assembly LVT- 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 298
116- 1496
7069694 (M69E) Shielded Bracket Mount Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 299
116-1497
T33 Bracket Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 522
116- 1498
M69 (M69D) Shielded Bracket Mount - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ 301
116 - 1499
S-4, Caliber . 50 AA Mount - Australian - - - - - - - - - 494
116- 1500
Turret Mounts, M1 Armored Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 802
116-1501
T6 Combination Gun Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 813
116- 1502
T2 Combination Gun Mount - 37mm and Caliber . 30 - - - - 810
116 - 1503
T1 Combination Gun Mount, Installations - - - - - - - - 809
116 - 1504
T3 and T3E1 Combination Gun Mounts 37mm and Caliber .30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 811
116 - 1505
T4 Combination Gun Mount - 47mm and Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ 812
1071
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1506
Mk 17 and Mods. Twin Machine Gun Mounts, Navy Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 292
116-1507
Mk 17 Mod. 1 Twin Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50_ _ _ _ 293
116-1508
Mk 9 Twin Gun Cradle and Pintle Assembly Caliber . 50 Aircraft Machine Guns - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 288
116 - 1509
T86 (Navy Mk 17) Twin Gun Concentric Ring Mount _ _ _ _ _ 294
116 - 1510
T86 (Navy Mk 17) Twin Gun Concentric Ring Mount _ _ _ _ 295
116 - 1511
T106 (M66) Concentric Ring Mount - - - - - - - - - - - 280
116-1511 T
Development of Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Cradle Assemblies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 278
116- 1512
Experimental Twin Cradle and Pintle Assembly, First Pilot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281
116- 1513
M66 (T106) Concentric Ring Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 620
116-1514
Experimental Twin Cradle and Pintle Assembly Fourth Pilot Model -----==== = = == - - - - - - - - - 283
116-1515
6560258 (D60258) and D94478 Concentric Ring Mounts, Installations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 619
116-1516
7046650 Cradle, Pintle, and Ammo Tray Assembly Caliber . 50-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 254
116-1517
Experimental Twin Cradle and Pintle Assembly Production Pilot Model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284
116-1518
Experimental Twin Cradle and Pintle Assembly Third Pilot - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 282
116-1519
M68 and M68E1 Concentric Ring Mount - - - - - - - - - 625
116-1520
Experimental Ring Mount Conversions for Ground Use _ _ _ _ 585
116-1521
T99 Multiple Rocket Launcher Used on M26 Medium Tank __ 1002
1072
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
116-1522
T107 Concentric Ring Mount
623
116 - 1522T
Gun Mounts on T16 (M44) Armored Utility Vehicles
622
116-1523
T1 08 and T1 08E1 Concentric Ring Mount
624
116 - 1524
6569820 (D69820) Cradle and Pintle Assembly Caliber . 50
249
116-1525
T9, T10, and T10 Modified Ring Mounts
580
116- 1526
Experimental Short P edestal Mount Kit - Caliber . 30
512
116 - 1527
Anti - Aircraft Mount on T24 (M24) Light Tank
510
116- 1528
Short Pedestal Bases
514
116 - 1529
T8 AA Mount - No . 1 Version
833
116-1530
T3 Caisson Pedestal Mount
456
116-1531
Early Experimental Twin Caliber . 50 Aircraft Turrets, Vehicular Installations
854
116-1532
Experimental Twin Gun Pedestal Mount
501
116-1533
Lazarus AA Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50 Pedestal Mount
987
116-1534
Anti-Aircraft Pedestal Mounts - Caliber . 50
457
116-1535
M3 AA Caliber . 50 Mount (Army) - Mark 30 Mount (Navy) (Pedestal Version)
471
116-1536
Remote Control German Mount
546
116-1537
7115438 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50
487
116-1538
T26E2 and T12 AA Pedestal Mount
463
116-1539
T26 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50
462
116-1540
T25 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 50
437
1073
Page No.
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1541
T25E2 AA Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50
439
116 - 1542
T34 Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 30
464
116-1543
T3 7 Universal Machine Gun Pedestal Mount Caliber . 30
465
116 - 1544
T57 Pedestal Mount, AA
475
116 - 1545
T56 Tripod Mount, AA - Caliber . 50
441
116-1546
Experimental Elevator Pedestal Mount, Installation on M8 Armored Car
511
116 - 1547
Deflector Mount for M3 Submachine Gun - Caliber . 45
978
116-1548
M3 Modified Deflector Mount for M3 (M3 A1) Submachine Gun - Caliber . 45
979
116-1549
Experimental Cupola Mounts, 6560258 Modified
657
116-1550
Experimental Cupola Mount, T44 Cargo Tractor
666
116-1551
Experimental Cupola Mount, Remote Control
655
116-1552
Experimental Cupola Mount, Remote Control
656
116-1553
Experimental Cupola Mount, M34, German World War ll
646
Experimental Cupola Mount, Caliber . 50, Folding with Storage Tray
637
116-1555
D51050 Cupola Mounts, Caliber . 50 on M4 Medium Tanks
638
116-1556
D67511 Folding Pintle Bracket Mount, AA
538
116-1557
7058824 Folding Pintle Bracket Mount, AA, (D7058824) Caliber . 50
539
Experimental Cupola Mount, M4 Medium Tank Caliber . 30
636
116-1554
116-1558
1074
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1559
7364875 Cupola Mount - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 662
116-1560
M2 (7952500) Cupola Mount, Installation on T18E1 and T73 Armored Infantry Vehicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 641
116 - 1561
Gun Mounts on Amphibious Tanks, Japanese - - - - - - - 201
116-1562
M26 Cupola Mount, Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - 665
116 - 1563
D40607 Cradle Assembly, with Recoil Mechanism and Firing Control - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 233
116 - 1564
M3 AA Caliber . 50 Mount (Army), Mark 30 Mount (Navy) - Tripod Version - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 442
116-1565
M49 A1 Ring Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - - 5 87
116-1566
M49C Ring Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 583
116-1567
M49C Ring Mount, Modified - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 584
116-1568
E77493 0 Remote Contr ol Twin Machine Gun Turrets _ _ _ _ 667
116-1569
M49A1C Ring Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - 586
116-1570
T99 Rocket Launcher Linkage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1003
116-1571
T 8 AA Mount- No. 2 Version - - - - - - - - - - - - 834
116-1572
D60490 F olding Pintle AA Mount, Installation - - - - - - 537
116-1573
M32 Truck Ring Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 588
116-1574
M36, M36A1, and M36A2 Truck Mounts - - - - - - - - - 589
116-1575
M37, M37A1, M37A2, and M37A3 Truck Mounts - - - - - 590
115-1576
M50, M50 Modified, and M56 Truck Mounts - - - - - - - 591
116-1577
M13 (837200 and 8681600 Cupola Mounts - - - - - - - - 674
116-1578
M57, M58 and M59 Truck Mounts - - - - - - - - - - - 592
1075
PLATE INDEX P late No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1579
8371900 and 7328429 Cupola Mounts
671
116- 1580
T122 Twin Machine Gun Turret Mount - Caliber .50
661
116- 1581
M60 and M61 Truck Mounts
593
116 - 1582
M32 Truck Ring Mount, Development
581
116- 1583
M13 (8372200} Cupola Mount - Caliber . 50
672
116- 1584
Tripod Mounts - Czech
419
116 - 1585
Folding Short Pedestal Mount - Caliber . 50
540
116- 1586
T1 0 (8396700) Cupola Mount - Caliber .30
670
116 - 1587
Cupola Mount - Caliber . 50
669
116 - 1588
Combination Cupola Mount - Flame Gun and Caliber . 30 M.G.
1011
116 - 1589
Truck Mounted Rocket Launchers - Soviet
995
116- 1590
G-1 Cupola Mount - Caliber . 30
675
116- 1591
Experimental Remote Control Cupola Mount
654
116-1592
Cupola Mounts, Preliminary Design Concepts
633
116- 1593
Experimental Skate Mount, Cupola Installation
649
116-1594
Experimental Skate Mount, Cupola Installation
650
116-1595
Experimental Skate Mount, Commander's Cupola Installation
651
Experimental Skate Mount, Commander's Cupola Installation
652
Experimental Skate Mount, Cupola Installation Caliber . 50
648
116-1596 116- 1597
1076
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1598
D51050 Cupola Mount on the M4 Series of Medium Tanks - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 639
116-1599
M13 (8372200) Cupola Mount, Installations - - - - - - - - 673
116-1600
T91E3 AA Quadruped Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - 446
116 -1 601
T91E1 AA Tripod Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 445
116-1602
T77 and T77E1 AA Caliber . 50 Tripod Mounts _ _ _ _ _ _ 444
116- 1603
T121 Twin Machine Gun Cupola Mount Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 659
116-1603 T
T121 Twin Machine Gun Cupola Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 658
116-1604
T120 Twin Caliber . 60 Machine Gun Turret
116 - 1605
T89 Multiple Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount - (6) Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 875
116 - 1606
T19E2 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount - - - - - - - - - - - 880
116-1607
Pneumatic Training Machine Gun Mount - - - - - - - - - 468
116- 1608
M33 Twin Calibe r . 50 Machine Gun Mount - - - - - - - - 859
116- 1608T
M33 Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount - - - - - - - - 858
116 - 1609
M45 (T61) Multiple Machine Gun Mount - Quad Caliber . 50 _ _ 867
116- 1609T
M33 and M45 Multiple Machine Gun Mounts
866
116 - 1610
M45C (M45E1) Multiple Machine Gun Mount - Quad Caliber . 50
868
116- 1611
M45D Multiple Machine Gun Mount - Quad Caliber . 50
869
116- 1612
M45F Multiple Machine Gun Mount - Quad Caliber . 50
870
116-1613
Quad 20mm Anti-Aircraft Turret on German Medium Tank _ _ 865
116- 1614
T45 Dual Caliber . 50 Turret Mount - - - - -- - -- - - 881
1077
Mount ----~
876
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title -
P age No.
116 - 1615
T133 AA Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50
841
116 - 1615T
T133 AA Machine Gun Mount
842
116- 1616
T1 Multiple Machine Gun AA Truck Mount Quad Caliber . 50
851
116 - 1617
T2 Multiple Machine Gun AA Mount - Twin Caliber . 50
852
116- 1618
T5 Multiple Machine Gun Mount - Quad Caliber . 50
853
116 - 1619
T 17E 1 20mm Gun Mount
872
116- 1619T
T1 7E 1 Twin 20mm Gun Mount
871
116 - 1620
T18 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount
877
116- 1621
M2A1 (M2E 1) 20mm Gun Mount
837
116- 1621T
M2A1 (M2E1) 20mm Gun Mount
838
116- 1622
2cm Flak 38 Quadruple Mount - German 20mm
864
116 - 1623
Experimental AA - Single Caliber . 30 Mounts
835
116 - 1624
Quad Caliber . 30 AA Mount
850
116 - 1625
Tripod Parapet Mount - British
432
116- 1626
M45 and M65 Twin Caliber . 50 Pedestal Mount (Navy Mk 22)
499
M46 and M65 Twin Caliber . 50 Pedestal Mount (Navy Mk 22)
498
Mark 21 - 2 Pedestal Single Mount (Navy) - M39 and M39A1 (M39E1) Pedestal Mount (Army) - Caliber . 50
474
Mark 21 -0 Pedestal Single Mount (Navy) - M43 and M43A1 (M43E1) Pedestal Mount (Army)
472
Mark 21 - 1 Pedestal Single Mount (Navy) - Caliber . 50
473
116- 1627 116- 1628 116 - 1629 116- 1630
1078
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1631
Twin Caliber . 30 Machine Gun Mount
302
116 - 1632
Caliber . 50 Ring Mount
615
116-1633
Multiple Turret Mount - Navy
892
116-1634
Machine Gun Sled Mounts - U.S.
211
116-1635
Sled Mount - German
210
116 - 1636
Armored Motorcycles and Motorcycle M. G . Mounts
213
116 - 1637
Motorcycle Mount - Danish
214
116 - 1638
Curved Barrel Ball Mount - German MP 44 Automatic Carbine
977
116 - 1639
BA- 64 Armored Car - Soviet
170
116 - 1640
Experimental Aircraft Mounting Cradles - Caliber . 60
272
116 - 1641
T12 (M2) Sub Cradle - Caliber . 30
255
116 - 1642
Tripod Mount with Hotchkiss Model 1914 Machine Gun French
382
116 - 1643
Anti -Aircraft Cradle and Pintle Assembly - Italian
257
116-1644
Becker and Semag 20mm Aircraft Mounts - German
612
116-1645
M77 Repeating Rocket Launcher Mount
415
116 - 1646
M74 Mount, Tripod, Weapon
413
116-1647
M3 Mount, Tripod - Caliber . 50
406
116-1648
Elevator Cradles for M3 Caliber . 50 Tripod Mount
408
116-1649
Reel and Feed Mechanism - 20mm
323
116-1650
M2A1 AA Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount (Tripod or Pedestal)
470
1079
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1651
M2 Tripod, Caliber . 30, with Experimental Guns _ _ _ _ _ 403
116 -1 652
M1 Anti- Aircraft Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 434
116- 1653
M1E1 and M1E2 Anti - Aircraft Tripod Mounts Caliber . 30 and Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - 436
116- 1654
Ball Suspension AA Tripod Mounts - Caliber . 30 Bar and BMG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 756
116-1 655
Experimental Dual Purpose Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 _ _ _ 357
116 - 1656
Experimental Dual Purpose Tripod Mount (Greenhaw J ohnston) Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - 3 56
116 - 1657
Experimental Anti- Aircraft Machine Gun Tripod Mounts Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 344
116-1658
Experimental Anti -Aircraft Tripod Mounts - Caliber .30 _ _ 345
116- 1659
T11 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - 409
116 - 1660
T25El AA Tripod Mount and T25El AA Pedestal Mount _ _ _ 438
116 - 1661
T40 BAR Tripod Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 370
116 - 1662
T5 Anti- Aircraft Machine Gun Tripod Adapter _ _ _ _ _ _ 349
116-1663
T89 Multiple Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, Modified _ _ _ 874
116-1664
M1918 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - 358
116- 1665
Anti-Aircraft Adapter for M1918 Tripod Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ 360
116- 1666
T41 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - 371
116-1667
T43 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 373
116 - 1667T
T43 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 372
116 - 1668
T69 AA Caliber . 50 Tripod Mount - - - - - - - - - - - 443
1080
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116-1669
T112 and T113 Tripod Mounts - Caliber . 30
411
116 - 1670
M33 Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, Installations
860
116-1671
M33 Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, Installations
861
116 - 1672
M33 Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, Installation s
194
116-1673
M33 Twin Caliber . 50 Machine Gun Mount, Installations
862
116- 1674
M1918 Tripod Mounts - Caliber . 30
359
116 - 1675
M1 Anti - Aircraft Tripod Mount Variations Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
435
116 - 1676
M2 Anti - Aircraft Tripod Mount - Caliber . 50
440
116 - 1677
Swinging Bracket Mount - German Caliber 7. 92 MG
533
T113E2 Tripod Mount, Light - Caliber . 30 and 75mm Recoilless Rifle
412
116-1679
T161 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30
416
116-1680
T165 Quad Caliber . 30 Ground Mount
285
116-1681
M3 Tripod Mount Variations
407
116-1682
Ground Tripod Mount for MG 34, German World War II
422
116-1683
Anti-Aircraft Tripod Mount with MG 34, German World War II
423
116- 1684
Tripod Mount for MG 42, German World War II
425
116 - 1685
Ground Tripod Mount, German World War II
424
116-1686
Experimental Anti - Aircraft Ground Mounts
845
116-1687
Great Circle Mount - Short Range AA Mount (Mock- up)
847
116-1688
Early Tripod Mounts - U.S .
339
116 - 1678
1081
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
P age No.
116 - 1689
M1895 Colt Tripod Mount with Mar lin Machine Guns Caliber . 30
340
116 - 1690
Mark IV Tripod Mount - U.S . Built - World War I
341
116- 1691
Short Pedestal Caliber . 50 Mount
513
116 - 1692
Combination Gun Mount of the LVT- H- 6
204
116 - 1693
T1 Tripod Ground Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
342
116- 1694
T109 Tripod Mount, Light - Caliber . 30
410
116 - 1695
T40E3 MG Recoil Mechanis m - Caliber . 30
405
116- 1696
Dual P urpose Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30
375
116- 1697
Shielded Short P edestal Mount - Ger man Caliber 7. 9 2 mg
508
116 - 1698
Early Tripod Mounts - U.S.
338
116 - 1699
Dual Caliber . 30 Turret Mount
804
116- 1700
AA Turret Mount on T2 Medium Armored Car Caliber . 30
163
116- 1701
Turret Mount on Cavalry School Type Scout Car
164
116- 1702
Caliber . 50 Turret Mount
788
116- 1703
Caliber . 30 Turret Mount
789
116 - 1704
T36 (T7E2) Turret Mount - Caliber . 50
790
116 - 1705
M9 Turret Mount - Caliber . 50
791
116 - 1706
M15, Caliber . 50 and M16, Caliber . 30, Turret Mounts
795
116 - 1707
Gun Mounts on Combat Cars
122
116- 1708
Caliber . 30 Turret Mount
794
1082
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116- 1709
Turret Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 (Used On T4 Medium Tank) - - - - - - - - - - - - 792
116-1710
Turret Mounts - D30342 Caliber . 30 D30339 Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 793
116-1711
Caliber . 30 Turret Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 796
116- 1712
Caliber . 50 Turret Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 797
116- 1713
D34956 Caliber . 50 Turret Mount - - - - - - - - - - - 798
116- 1714
Caliber . 30 Turret Mount - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 799
116- 1715
M18 (Modified) Turret Mount - Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - 800
116- 1716
Early Wheeled Mounts for Machine Guns, U.S. _ _ _ _ _ _ 215
116- 1717
Bipod Mounted Solothurn Guns - - - - - - - - - - - - 390
116- 1718
Tripod Mount - French - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 421
116- 1719
Tripod Mount with Madsen 7mm Light Machine Gun Danish _________________________ 420
116-1720
Gun Mounts on T4 and T4 (Modified) Combat Cars _ _ _ _ _ _ 60
116-1721
Early Wheeled Mounts - French Used with Hotchkis s 8mm Machine Guns - - - - - - - - 391
116-1722
Gun Mounts on T4 and T4E1 Medium Tanks - - - - - - - - 61
116-1723
Tripod Mounts - French - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 381
116- 1724
Tripod Mount with M1907 St. Etienne MG - French _ _ _ _ _ 3 80
116- 1725
Gun Mounts on M2 Combat Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124
116-1726
Tripod Mounts - British --- - - - -- -- - - -- - - 378
116-1727
M18 (Modified) Turret Mount - Caliber . 30 _ _ __ _ __ _,801
116-1728
Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50 - - -- - - - - 374
1083
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No.
116 - 1729
Variations of the M1917 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30
348
116-1730
Tripod Ground Mount and Tripod AA Mount - French
379
116-1731
Flexible Feed Chutes- Caliber .30 Caliber . 60 MG and 20mm
331
116- 1732
Wheeled Ground Mounts - Soviet
217
116- 1733
T121 Twin Machine Gun Cupola Mount, Installations Caliber . 30 or Caliber . 50
660
116-1734
Wheeled Mounts and AA Tripod Mount - Soviet
393
116 - 1735
Pedestal AA Ground Mounts, World War II - Soviet
491
116 - 1736
M55 Multiple Gun Mount - 2 Caliber . 50 and 2 75mm Rifles
891
116-1737
Tripod Mount for Schwarzlose Machine Gun - German
384
116-1738
Tripod Mount - German
383
116-1739
M1912 Dreyse MG 7. 9mm on Wheeled Tripod Mount German
392
116 - 1740
M1893 Maxim MG on Wheeled Mount - German
216
116-1741
Remote Control Firing Device- Japanese
975
116-1742
Great Circle Short Range AA Mount (Mock-Up)
846
116-1743
Tripod Mounts - Italian
377
116-1744
Tripod Mounts - Japanese
427
116-1744T
Tripod Mounts -Japanese
426
116-1745
T133 AA Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50
844
116-1746
T133 AA Machine Gun Mount - Caliber . 50
843
116-1747
Ground Mounts - Japanese
430
1084
PLATE INDEX P late No.
Title
Page No.
116-1748
Tripod Mounts, Ground and Anti - Aircraft Japanese ________________________________________ 428
116 - 1749
D54075 Cradle, Pintle and Ammunition Box Assembly Caliber . 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 237
116-1750
Tripod Ground Mount - North Korea - - - - - - - - - - - 431
116-1751
Wheeled Mount with 20mm Gun - Japanese -------------- 398
116- 1752
Triple 25mm A.A. and A. T. Mount - Japanese _______ 863
116-1753
MoA.R. Gun Mount - (75mm Mountain Gun) - - - - - - - 840
116- 1754
Combination Gun Mount - French 25mm and 2 mg's ------------------------------- 1043
116- 1755
Fender Kits, Single Caliber . 30 Gun Containers _ _ _ _ _ _ 765
116-1755T
Fender Kits, Single Caliber . 30 Gun Containers _ _ _ _ _ _ 764
116-1756
Auxiliary Turret Kit - Single Caliber . 50 Container Remote Contr ol External Coaxial Installation _ _ _ _ _ _ 768
116-1757
Remote Contr ol Single Caliber . 30 Gun Container __________ 767
116- 1757T
Fender-Mounted Single Caliber . 30 Gun Container Remote Controlled ------------------------------ 7 66
116-1758
Experimental Belly MG Mounts on B-24 Aircraft _________ 968
116-1759
Experimental Compensating Aircraft Gun Mount Caliber . 50 ------------------------------------ 488
116-1760
Caliber . 30 Gun Mounts on Early Armored and Semi - Armored Cars ------------------------------- 162
116 -17 61
Experimental Hydraulically Operated Mounts - - - - - - - - - - - 333
116-1762
Aircraft Gun Mount, Mark 1 - Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332
116- 1763
Twin Caliber . 50 MG Aircraft Turret - - - - - - - - - - 960
1085
PLATE INDEX Plate No. 116-1764
Title
Page No.
Twin Caliber . 50 Upper Turrets - 250CE Series (Bendix)
966
Twin Caliber . 50 Upper Aircraft Turret - 250CH 4, - 5 (Firestone)
964
Twin Calibe r . 50 Upper Aircraft Turret - 250CE 5 to 17 Series (Martin)
961
Twin Caliber . 50 Upper and Tail Turrets - 250CH Series (Martin)
963
Single Caliber . 50 Upper Turret - 150SE Series (Grumman)
958
116 - 1769
Twin Caliber . 50 Waist Turret - 250TH Series (Erco)
971
116- 1770
Nose Turrets - 250SH Series (Martin)
962
116- 1771
Twin Caliber . 50 Nose Turrets - 250SH Series (Erco)
970
116 - 1772
Twin Caliber . 50 Tail Turrets - 250CH Series
965
116 - 1773
Twin Caliber . 50 Lower Turret - 250SH Series (Sperry)
969
116-1774
Twin Caliber . 50 Lower Turret - 250CE - 2 (Bendix)
967
116- 1775
Parabellum M.G. Model 1913 (Maxim) on Aircraft Ring Mount -German World War I
613
MG81 with Aircraft and Quad A. A. Ground Mount German
286
Compensating Ring Mounts for German Aircraft 20mm
614
M2 Tripod Mount with Adapter for Robinson Caliber . 30 Machine Gun
404
Parapet Mounts -German
974
116- 1765 116-1766 116 - 1767 116 - 1768
116- 1776 116-1777 116-1778 116-1779
1086
PLATE INDEX Plate No. 116-1780
Title
Page No.
Mark I Mod. 0 Single Caliber . 50 Gun Container Major Components
775
Mark I Mod. 0 Single Gun Container, General Arrangement
776
116 - 1782
Cradle and P intle Assembly - Caliber . 50
269
116-1783
Mark I Mod. 0 Single Caliber . 50 Gun Container
774
116 - 1784
Experimental Plastic Ammunition Box
314
116 - 1785
T17E1 Twin 20mm Gun Mount (With Covers)
873
116 - 1786
Triple Caliber . 50 Gun Container
779
116 - 1787
Experimental Triple Caliber . 50 Gun Containers
778
116-1788
Mark III Mod. 0 Single 20mm Gun Container
780
116-1789
Mark III Mod. 0 Single 20mm Gun Container
781
116-1790
Aircraft Gun Mounts - Soviet
527
116 - 1791
T18 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount
878
116-1792
T18 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount
879
116-1793
Twin 20mm Gun Container
782
116-1794
Tree Mount - British
1019
116-1795
T71 Tree Mounts - Caliber . 30
1016
116-1796
T100E3 Tree Mount - Caliber . 30
1018
116-1797
T95 and T96 Tree Mounts
1017
116 - 1798
Bore Sight Mechanism
318
116-1799
Electrical Firing Controls for Mark I Mod. 0 Single Caliber . 50 Gun Containers
777
116 - 1781
1087
PLATE INDEX Plate No. 116- 1800
Title
P age No.
Experimental Gun Mount Linkage (Davidson All- Purpose Gun)
836
116- 1801
Armored Train - Italian
212
116- 1802
M2Al Mod. and M2Al (M2E1) 20mm Gun Mounts
839
116- 1803
Fender Kits - Caliber . 30 - M37 Machine Gun Containers
771
Fender Kits, Caliber . 30 Single Gun Containers, Major Components
770
116- 1805
Fender Kits, Single Machine Gun Containers
769
116- 1806
Gun Mounts, Early U. S. Medium Tanks
49
116 - 1807
Twin Bow Mounts, M2A1 Medium Tank
982
116- 1808
Gun Mounts, U. S. Heavy Tanks
116- 1809
Reel and Loader Mechanism - 20mm
116- 1810
Gun Mounts, U. S. Medium Tanks
116-1811
Ammunition Boxes
309
116-1812
Experimental Modified M2 Tripod Mount - Caliber . 30
402
116- 1813
Ammunition Boosters - 20mm and Caliber . 60
326
116- 1814
Ammunition Boosters - Caliber . 50
327
116-1815
Powered Chargers - Caliber . 50 and 20mm
315
116 - 1816
Gun Mounts, U. S. Medium Tanks, M4 Series
70
116- 1816T
M4 Medium Tank Series References
71
116-1817
Flexible Feed Chute - Caliber . 50 and 20mm
330
116- 1817T
Flexible Feed Chute - Caliber . 50 and 20mm
329
116- 1804
1088
33 325 62
J
PLATE INDEX Plate No.
Title
Page No .
116-1818
Gun Mounts - U.S. Medium Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79
116-1819
Gun Mounts Used on M46 and M46A1 Medium Tanks _ _ _ _ _ 80
116-1820
M74 Tripod Weapon Mount - Caliber . 30 and 57mm and 75mm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 414
116-1821
Nomenclature Systems ---------------~ 9
116-1822
Light Tripod AA and Ground Mount - Japanese Type 92 7. 7mm Lewis MG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 429
116-1823
Gun Mounts on 90mm Gun Tank M48 - - - - - - - - - - - 83
116-1824
Gun Mounts, U. S. Light Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ 123
116-1825
Gun Mounts - U.S. Light Tanks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126
116-1826
Weapon Mounts on U.S. Light Tanks "Ontos" Special Purpose Vehicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128
116-1827
Gun Mounts, U.S. Motor Carriages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131
116-1828
Gun Mounts, U. S. Vehicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136
116-1829
Quad Caliber .50 Turret Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 855
116-1830
M42 Combination Gun Mount (Early Model) 37mm and two Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 884
116-1831
Experimental Cupola Mount - Caliber . 50 - - - - - - - - 668
116-1832
T54 Twin Pedestal Mount- Caliber . 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 500
116-1833
Aircraft Waist Window Gun Mounts - Caliber . 50 - - - - - 273
116-1834
Sub-caliber Mounts - Caliber . 45 Sub- machine Gun _ _ _ _ 988
116-1835
M10 and M17 Sub-caliber Mounts Caliber .50 Machine Gun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 990
116-1836
M19 (T23) Sub-caliber Mount - Caliber . 50 MG - - - - - - 991
1089
PLATE INDEX Plate No .
Title
Page No.
116-1 837
Sub - caliber Training Mounts T3, M14, M10 andM17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 989
116-1838
BAT Caliber . 50 Spotting Rifle Mount - - - - - - - - - - 992
116- 1839
Rocket Launchers for Amphibious Vehicles (T54, T89 and T90} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 999
116- 1840
Rocket Launchers, Ground Mounts (T27, T28 and M12) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 996
116- 1841
Tank Mounted Rocket Launchers, T34E2, T39 - - - - - - 997
116-1842
Tank Mounted Rocket Launchers, T40, M17 - - - - - - - 998
116 - 1843
Tank Mounted Rocket Launchers, T72, T73 - - - - - - - 1000
116 - 1844
Tank Mounted Rocket Launchers, T76, T105 Unside Reloading) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1001
116 - 1845
Multiple Rocket Launchers, T44 and T45 - - - - - - - - 994
116 - 1846
Tripod Mounts - Foreign - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 417
116 - 1847 116-1848
Aircraft Turret Mount - Italian Caliber 7. 7 mg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 959
116 - 1849
Early Tripod Mounts - Foreign - - - - - - - - - - - - 376
116- 1850
Tripod Mounts, 20mm Automatic - Foreign - - - - - - - 396
116- 1851
Combination Gun Mount, Pedestal Mounted - German - - - - 893
116- 1852
Magnetic Expended Link Ejection Head (GON) - - - - - - - 321
1090
ARMAMENT MOUNTING INDEX U.S. MOUNTS - EARLY MODEL DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
Colt Tripod _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1210 116- 1689 M1917 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1231 116- 1662 M1917A1 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 - - - - - - - - 116- 1096 116- 1098 116- 1280 M1917A1E1 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 116- 1097 M1917E2 Tripod Base Assembly _ _ 116- 1097 116- 1205 M1918 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30_116- 1664 116- 1674 M1920 Ball Mount, 7 1/2" Cal. .30 116- 1033 M1920 Ball Mount, 9 " - Caliber .30 116- 1002 116- 1040 M1895
P late No - P age
- . 361 __ 116- 1688 - 340
339
-
346 - - 116- 1232 349 116- 1729 -
347 348
-
350 - - 116- 1097 228 116- 1231 353 116- 1284 -
351 346 352
-
351 - - 116- 1131 351 - - 116- 1207 224 358 _ _ 116- 1665 359
354 355
-
686
-
685 - - 116- 1034 684
360
682
U.S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1E1 T1E1 T1E2
Title
Plate No - Page
Ball Mount, 6 1/2" Cal. .30
116-1001 116-1720 Combination Gun Mount __ 116-1102 37mm & Cal. .30 116-1503 Multiple Machine Gun AA Truck Mount- Quad Cal. .50 116- 1616 Pedestal Base 116-1205 Tripod Mount, Cal. .30 and .50 116-1693 Ball Mount 116- 1001 Pedestal Base 116-1139 Ball Mount 116- 1001
1091
Plate No - Page
-
687 _ _ 116-1138 60 808 _ _ 116- 1501 809
-
851 224 _ _ 116-1200 -
-
342 687 459 687
815 813
497
U.S. MOUNTS 11
T 11 No.
T1E2 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2E1 T3 T3 T3 T3 T3 T3E 2 T3E3 T4 T4E 1 T5 T5 T5 T5 T5E1 T5E2 T6 T6
11
T 11 DESIGNATIONS Title
Multiple Machine Gun AA Truck Mount - Triple Cal. .50 Ball Mount, 3 1/2 11 Cal. .30
Plate No - Page
116- 1616 -
116- 1001 116- 1707 Bracket Mount, Later M6 _ 116- 1471 116- 1486 Combination Gun Mount 37mm & Caliber .30 116-1502 Multiple Machine Gun AA Mount - Twin Cal. .50- 116- 1617 Ball Mount, 3 1/2 11 116- 1031 Bracket Mount (M5 ) Cal. .30 116- 1477 Combination Gun Mount 37mm & Cal. .30 116- 1504 Multiple Machine Gun AA Mount Quad Cal. .50 _ _ 116- 1618 Pedestal Mount - Caisson _ 116- 1530 Sub- caliber Training Mount 116- 1837 Cradle & Pintle Assembly Caliber .30 116-1097 Cradle & Pintle Assembly Caliber .30 116- 1205 Combination Gun Mount 47mm & Caliber .50 _ Tripod Mount, Caliber .30
851
-
687 _ 116- 1004 122 518 __ 116- 1472 166
-
810
-
852 689
-
516 _
-
811
-
853 456
-
989
-
351 _
-
224
116-1505 -
812
116-1729 -
348
Combination Gun Mount Cal. .30 and .50 116-1267 Cradle and Pintle Assy _ _ 116-1095 Multiple Machine Gun AA Mount Quad Cal. .50 _ _ 116-1618 Tripod Adapter- AA Machine Gun 116-1662 Cradle and Pintle Assy __ 116-1095 116-1098 Cradle and Pintle Assy _ 116-1095 Combination Gun Mount _ Cradle & Pintle AssyCal. .50
Plate No - Page
688 517
116- 1486 -
166
116- 1205 -
224
-
165 225
-
853
-
349 225 __ 116-1097 228 116-1141 225 _ 116- 1139 -
351 369 459
116- 1501 -
813 _
116-1267 -
165
116-1208 -
226 _
116-1540 -
437
1092
U.S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T6E1 T7 T7 T7E1 T7E1 T7E1 T7E2 T8
Title
Plate No - Page
Cradle & Pintle Assy Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1179 Combination Gun Mount _ Cradle & Pintle Assy Caliber .50 Combination Gun Mount _ Combination Gun Mount (Mod) Cal. .30 & Cal. .50 Cradle & P intle Assy Cal. .50 Turret Mount - Caliber .50
Plate No - Page
227
116- 1101 -
814
116- 1208 116- 1101 -
226 _ _ 116- 1540 814
116- 1138 -
815
116- 1179 -
227 _ _ 116- 1211 -
363
116- 1704 -
790 _ _ 116- 1707 -
122
116- 1529 116- 1571 -
833 834
AA Mount, No. 1 Version Caliber .30 AA Mount, No. 2 Version _ Combination Gun Mount (M24 ) Cradle & Pintle Assy Pedestal Truck Mount (M24 )
116- 1269 116- 1540 -
899 437
116- 1224 -
477
T9
Ring Mount
116- 1525 -
580
T1 0 T10 T10
Cupola Mount - Cal. .30 _ Ring Mount Ring Mount (Mod)
116- 1586 116- 1525 116- 1525 -
670 580 580
T11
Tripod Mount - Cal. .50 _
116- 1659 -
662
T12 T12 T12
116-1261 116- 1538 -
818 _ _ 116- 1810 463
T12
Combination Gun Mount _ Pedestal Mount - AA Sub Cradle Mount (M2) Caliber .30 Tripod Base
116-1641 116-1140 -
255 367 _ _ 116-1212 -
T13
Tripod Mount - Cal. .50 _
116- 1540 -
437
T14
Cupola Mount
116- 1320 -
642
T15
Tripod Mount
116- 1097 116- 1207 116-1205 -
351 355 224
T8 T8 T8 T8
1093
116-1206 116-1286 -
437
62
368
343 316
U.S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
T16
Pedestal Mount - Cal. . 30 _ 116- 1203 -
458 _ _ 116- 1205 -
224
T17 T17E1 T17E1
Pedestal Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1203 Pedestal Mount 116- 1200 Twin 20mm Gun Mount __ 116-1619 -
458 _ _ 116- 1205 497 _ _ 116- 1204 872 __ 116- 1785 -
224 496 873
T18 T18
Pedestal Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116-1139 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount ..... 116-1620 116- 1792 -
459 877 _ _ 116- 1791 879
878
T19 T19E2
Pedestal Mount- Cal. .50- 116-1201 Multiple 20mm Gun Mount _ 116- 1606 -
460 _ _ 116- 1208 880
T20
Sub- Caliber Mount - Cal. .45 Tripod Mount- Caliber .50
T20
T21 T21E1 T21E1 T22 T22 T23 T23 T23 T23E1 T23E1
116- 1834 -
988
116- 1179 116- 1847 -
227 - - 116- 1210 362
361
116- 1179 116- 1211 -
227 363
116-1210 -
361
Tripod Mount - Caliber .50 Tripod Mount - Wheeled _
116- 1217 116-1218 -
364 387
116- 1219 -
365
Pedestal Mount - Caliber .30 Sub-Caliber Mount
116-1202 116- 1835 -
461 990
116- 1208 -
226
116- 1836 -
991
116-1142 116-1216 116-1140 -
366 389 367
116- 1215 -
388 116-1207 -
355
Tripod Mount - Caliber .50
Sub-Caliber Mount, Caliber .50 Tripod Mount - Caliber .30 Tripod Mount - Wheeled _ Tripod Mount - Cal. .30_ Tripod Mount- Wheeled Cal. .30
T24
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30_
116-1141 -
369
T25
Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .50 Pedestal Mount, AA
116-1540 116- 1660 -
437 438
T25E1
226
1094
U.S. MOUNTS - " T " DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T25E1
Title
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Tripod Mount, AA Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1660 Tripod Mount, AA Cal. .30 & .50 _ _ _ _ 116- 1541 -
439 __ 116- 1675 -
T26 T26E2
Pedestal Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1539 Pedestal Mount, AA 116- 1538 -
462 463
T27 T27E1 T27E3
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 -
996 996 996
T28
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 -
996
T32
Pedestal Truck Mount
116- 1124 -
466 _
116- 1486 -
166
T33 T33
Bracket Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1497 Pedestal Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1497 -
522 522
116- 1542 -
464
T34 T34E2
Pedestal Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1542 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1841 -
464 997
T37
Pede stal Mount - Cal. .30 or .50 11 6- 1125 -
467 - - 116- 1543 -
465
T38
Skate Mount _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1069 116- 1076 -
572 _ _ 116- 1070 558 116- 1122 -
554 557
T39
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116-1841 -
997
T40 T40 T40E3
116-1661 BAR Tripod Mount Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116-1 842 Recoil Mechanism, Cal. .30 116- 1695 -
370 998
T41
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30 _
116- 1666 -
371
T42
Tripod Mount _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1666 -
371
T43
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30
116- 1667 -
373
T44 T44
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1845 Tripod Mount 116-1 667 -
994 373
T45
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116-1845 -
994
T25E2
1095
438
405
435
U.S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T45
Title
P late No - Page
Turret Mount - Dual Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1614 -
Plate No - Page
881
T48
Combination Gun Mount _
116- 1115 116- 1291 -
T49
Combination Gun Mount _
116-1324 -
T50
Anti-Aircraft Mount Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ 116-1326 -
31 __ 116- 1324 -
T51
Cupola Mount - - - - - 116- 1324 -
32
T52
Bow Mount - - - - - - 116- 1324 -
32
T53
Bow Mount - Cal. .30 _ _ 116- 1325 -
983 __ 116- 1324 -
T54 T54
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1839 Twin Pedestal Mount Cal. .50 116- 1832 -
999
T56 T57 T61 T62 T63 T65 T65E1 T69 T70
902 __ 116- 1274 903
948
32 32
32
500
Tripod Mount, AA Caliber .50 _ _ _ _ _ 116-1545 -
441
Pedestal Mount, AA Caliber .50 ---==::::::;:;::::::::::::::::::-- 116-1544 -
475 _
116- 1545 -
441
Multiple Machine Gun Mount - - - - - - - 116-1609 -
867
Combination Gun Mount 40mm & 2 Cal. .50 _ _ 116-1132 -
955 __ 116- 1312 -
954
Combination Gun Mount 57mm & Cal. .30 _ _ _ 116- 1129 -
907 _ _ 116- 1268 -
181
Combination Gun Mount 40mm & 2 caliber .50 _ Combination Gun Mount _
888 _ _ 116-1191 889
889
116-1134 116- 1191 -
Tripod Mount, AA Cal. .50 - - - - - - 116-1 668 -
443
Combination Gun Mount _
926 __ 116-1294 -
116-1273 -
1096
927
U.S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
T71
Tree Mount - Cal. .30 _ _ 116- 1795 - 1016
T72 T72
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1843 - 1000 Turret AA Mounts - Cal. .50 116- 1602 - 444
T73
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1843 - 1000
T76 T76E1
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1844 - 1001 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1844 - 1001
T77
Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1602 Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .50 - - - - - - - -1116- 1602 Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .50- - - - - - - -1116- 1602 Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .50- - - - - - - - 116- 1602
-
444
-
444
-
444
-
444
T78E4 T78E5 T78E6
Elevator Cradle _ _ _ _ 116- 1648 Elevator Cradle 116- 1648 Elevator Cradle 116- 1648 -
408 408 408
T80
Combination Gun Mount _ 76mm & Caliber .30 Twin Caliber .50 Concentric Ring Mount (Navy MK XVII )
116- 1256 -
929
116- 1509 -
294 _
116- 1605 -
875
116-1663 116- 1839 -
874 999
116-1605 -
875
T77E1 T77E2 T77E3
T86
T89 T89 T89 T89E1
Multiple Machine Gun Mount- Caliber .50 Multiple Machine Gun Mount (MOD ) Cal. .50 _ Rocket Launcher & Mount _ Multiple Machine Gun Mount Caliber .50
Plate No - P age
116- 1510 -
295
T90 T90
Combination Gun Mount _ 116- 1119 Rocket Launcher & Mount - 116-1839 -
908 - - 116- 1323 - 1008 999
T91E1 T91E3
Tripod Mount - AA 116- 1601 Quadruped Mount - AA __ 116- 1600 -
445 446
T95
Tree Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1797 - 1017
1097
U. S. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
T96
Tree Mount
116- 1797 - 1017
T98
Combination Gun Mount 40mm & 2 Cal. .50
116- 1133 -
890
- 933 - - 116- 1271 - 932 79 - 1003 - - 116- 1521 - 1002 - 933 - 933
T99
Combination Gun Mount -
T99 T99E1 T99E2
Rocket Launcher Combination Gun Mount _ Combination Gun Mount _
T100E3
Tree Mount - Cal. .30 __ 116- 1796 - 1018
T102
Combination Gun Mount 90mm & Caliber .30 _ _ 116- 1283 -
934
Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Caliber .30 _ _ 116- 1285 -
935
T103
116- 1111 116-1818 116- 1570 116- 1111 116- 1111
T105
Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1844 - 1001
T106
Concentric Ring Mount (M66)
116- 1240 116- 1513 116- 1523 -
245 620 624
T106E1
Concentric Ring Mount 3rd Pilot Model with Legs Concentric Ring Mount _
116- 1520 116-1511 -
585 280 -
T107
Concentric Ring Mount _
116- 1522 -
623
T108
Concentric Ring MountCal. .50 Concentric Ring Mount Cal. .50
116- 1523 -
624
116-1523 -
624
T106
T108E1 :1'109
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30 _
116- 1694 -
410
T110
Combination Gun Mount 75mm & Caliber .30 _ _ 116-1192 -
910
Tripod Mount- Cal. .30 _
411
:1'112
116-1669 -
1098
Plate No - Page
116- 1511 116- 1514 -
280 283
116- 1523 -
624
J
U.S. MOUNTS - " T " DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
T113 T113E1 T113E2
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30 _ Tripod Mount - Cal. .3 0 _ Tripod Mount - Cal. .3 0 _
T117
Combination Gun Mount 75mm & Cal. .30 _ _ _ 116- 1112 Turret Mount - Twin Cal. .60 _ _ _ _ __ 116- 1604 -
T120 T121 T122 T123 T123E1 T123E2 T124
T125 T127 T132 T133 T138 T138E1 T138E2 T140 T148
P late No - Page 116- 1669 116- 1678 116- 1678 -
411 412 412 942 _
116- 1275 -
943
116- 1733 -
660
116- 1302T-
950
625 844 __ 116- 1746 841
843
876
Twin Machine Gun Cupola Mount Cal. .30 or .50 _
116- 1603 -
659 _
Twin Machine Gun Turret Mount Cal. .50
116- 1580 -
661
Combination Gun Mounts 105mm & 2 Cal. .50 or . 30 Combination Gun Mount _ Combination Gun Mount _
116- 1302 116- 13 02 116- 1302 -
951 _ 951 951
Combination Gun Mount 155mm & 2 Cal. .30 or .50 - - - - - - - 116- 1289 Combination Gun Mount 120mm & 2 Cal. .30 or .50 116- 1302TCombination Gun Mount 105mm & 2 Cal. .30 or .50 116- 1324 Concentric Ring Mount Caliber .50 116- 1519 AA Machine Gun Mount __ 116- 1745 Caliber .50 116-1615 Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Cal. .50 116- 1281 Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Cal. .30 or .50 - 116-1281 Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Cal. .30 or .50 - 116- 1281 Combination Gun Mount _ 116- 1814 Combination Gun Mount _ 90mm & Cal. .30 & .50
1099
116- 1130 116- 1823 -
Plate No - Page
93 1
950 32
944 944 944 327 949 __ 116-1274 83
948
. MOUNTS - "T" DESIGNATIONS __, ,No.
Title
Plate No - Page
=19El
Tripod Ground Mount
116- 1826 -
128
. .1131
Tripod Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1679 -
416
Multiple Rifle & MG Mount
116- 1826 -
128
Quad Cal. . 30 Ground Mount
116- 1680 -
285
65
P late No - Page
S. MOUNTS - "M" DESIGNATIONS - 1 " No.
-
1 1 1
1El ==tEl 2 2
2 2
--12 -12Al -.12Al
-A2El
Title
P late No - Page
Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .30 & .50 AA Elevator Cradle Mount Caliber .50 Recoil Cradle - Cal. .50 _ Tripod Mount - Wheeled _ Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .30 & .50 Tripod Mount, AA - Cal. .30 & .50 Ammunition Chest Pedestal Mount, AA Cal. .50 Tripod Mount, AA Cal. .50
P late No - Page
116- 1652 -
434 _ _ 116- 1653 -
436
116- 1648 116- 1315 116- 1213 -
408 256 386 _ _ 116- 1231 -
346
116- 1653 -
436
116-1653 -
436
116- 1540 -
437
116- 1650 -
470
116- 1641 116- 1676 Tripod Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1236 116- 1486 116- 1695 116- 1651 Concentric Ring Cupola _ l16- 1321 Mount Cal. .50 116- 1819 Water Chest 116- 1540 Single 20mm AA Mount __ 116- 1621 Single 20mm AA Mount (MOD) 116- 1621 Single 20mm AA Mount __ 116- 1621
1100
-
255 _ _ 116- 1650 440 401 _ _ 116- 1236T166 116-1812 405 116- 1778 403 116- 1816 640 _ _ 116- 1560 80 43 837 _ _ 116- 1802 -
-
837 _ _ 116- 1802 837 __ 116- 1802 -
470 400 402 404 70 641 839 839 839
J
U.S. MOUNTS - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No. M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 - 4- 3 M4 M4
Title
Plate No - Page
Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1318 Deflector Mount 116- 1547 Pedestal Version AA Mount Cal. .50 (Navy MK 30) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1535 Tripod Version AA MountCal. .50 (Navy MK 30) - 116- 1254 Tripod Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1086 116- 1647 116- 1818 Flame Thrower Ball Mount - - - - - - - 116- 1317 P edestal Truck Mount (T32 ) Caliber .50 Pedestal Truck Mount (MOD ) (T37 ) Cal. .50 _
- 101 0 _ - 978 _
Plate No - P age 116- 1320 116- 1548 -
642 979
-
471
-
447 - - 116- 1564 575 _ 116- 1486 406 116- 1648 79
442 166 408
- 1007
116- 1486 116- 1074 -
166 232 _
116- 1125 -
467
116- 1124 -
466
Bracket Mount (T3 ) - Cal. .30 116- 1477 -
516 -
116- 1486 -
166
M6
Bracket Mount (T2 ) _ _ _ 116- 1471 116- 1486 -
518 _ 166
116- 1472 116- 1636 -
517 213
M7
Combination Machine Gun _ 116- 1138 Mount Cal. .30 & Cal .. 50 116- 1101 -
815 814 _
116- 1105 -
816
M8
Ball Mount, 6 1/2" - Cal. _ 116- 1000 .30 116- 1722 -
690 _ 61
116- 1038 -
691
M9
Turret Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1705 -
791
M10
Ball Mount, 6 1/2" - Cal. .30 Sub-Caliber Mount Sub- Caliber Training Mount
116- 1003 -
693
M5
M10 MlO
M12 M12 M12E1 M12A1 M12E2
116- 1039 116- 1835 -
692 990
116- 1837 -
989
Ball Mount, 3 1/2" 116- 1004 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 Ball Mount, 3 1/2" Caliber .40 116- 1001 116- 1004 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840
1101
-
688 996
-
687 _ 688 996 996
U.S. MOUNTS - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No. M13 M13
Title Ball Mount - Cal. .30 Ball Mount (MOD) 3 1/2" Cal. .30
M13
Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _
M14 M14
Ball Mount, 3 1/2" Sub- caliber Training Mount
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
116- 1009 -
694 -
116- 1707 -
122
116-1008 116- 1259 116- 1577 116- 1599 116- 1004
696 116- 1009 695 116- 1725 674 - - 116- 1583 673 688
694 124 672
-
116- 1837 -
989
M15
Turret Mount - Cal. .50 _
116- 1706 -
795 __ 116- 1707 -
122
M16
Turret Mount - Cal. .30 _
116- 1706 -
795 _ _ 116- 1707 -
122
M17 M17
Sub- caliber Mount 116- 1835 Sub- caliber Training Mount 116- 1837 Rocket Launcher & Mount _ 116- 1840 -
M17
990 989 996
Turret Mount - Cal. .30 _ Turret Mount (MOD) Caliber .30
116- 1727 -
801 __ 116- 1707 -
122
116- 1727 -
801 _
116- 1707 -
122
M19
Sub-caliber Mount
116- 1836 -
991
M20
Elevator Bracket Mount Caliber .30
116-1237 116-1707 -
520 _ 122
116-1460 116- 1725 -
521 124
116-1261 116-1261 116-1810 -
818 818 62
116- 1262 -
819
116- 1226 -
484
116-1069 116-1120 116-1122 116-1263 116-1265 116- 1070 116-1076 116-1103 116-1107 116-1193
572 555 557 820 822 554 558 826 827 183
116-1070 116-1121 -
554 556
116- 1264 -
821
_
116-1071 -
573
_
116-1104 116- 1165 -
824 823
M18 M18
M20 M20 M21 M21
M22 M22 M23
Bracket Mount (MOD) ~g. D34916 Combination Gun Mount _ (T12 ) 37mm & Cal. .30 Pedestal Mount Skate Mount ( T38) Caliber .50 Combination Gun Mount _ 37mm & Caliber .30 Skate Mount - Cal. .30 _ Combination Gun Mount _ 37mm & Cal. .30
1102
-
_ _
U. S. MOUNTS - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Combination Gun Mount _ 37mm & Cal. .30 Combination Gun Mount _
116- 1103 116- 1188 116- 1103 -
826 _ _ 116- 1104 825 116- 1303 826
824 184
M24
Combination Gun Mount _ (T8 ) 37mm & Cal. .30
900 182
Pedestal Truck Mount (T8 ) Cal. .30 or .50
M24A1
Combination Gun Mount _ 37mm & Cal. .30 P edestal Truck Mount Caliber .30 or .50
898 _ _ 116- 1260 899 116- 1270 62 228 _ _ 116- 1183 116- 1226 478 251 116- 1248 1161290 310 898 _ _ 116- 1269 182 228 _ _ 116- 1137 116- 1222 479 116- 1227 477 116- 1295 229 116- 1297 248
-
M24
116- 1118 116- 1269 116- 1810 116- 1098 116- 1222 116- 1227 116- 1249 116- 1118 116- 1270 116- 1098 116- 1183 116- 1224 116- 1290 116- 1296
-
479 484 308 229 899
-
246 478 251 247 207
116- 1517 -
284
M23A1 M23A2
M24A1
M24A2
Pedestal Truck Mount Caliber .30 or .50
-
116- 1183 -
-
228 193 229 665
-
62
116-1055 116-1086 116-1566 -
192 _ _ 116- 1079 116- 1098 578 583 _ _ 116- 1303 -
560 228 184
116-1061 116-1081 116-1094 116-1226 116-1249
562 - - 116-1076 563 116- 1087 230 484 - - 116- 1248 310 116-1290
-
555 202
-
308 229
485 116-1278 253 253 _ _ 116-1194 116-1279 319 482 - - 116-1520 116-1482 986 859 - - 116-1609116-1671 860 116-1673 194
485 712 486 585 265 867 861 862
M27
116- 1094 116- 1181 116- 1221 Cupola Mount - Cal. .30116- 1242 116- 1810 Bow Mount - Twin Cal. . 30_ 116- 1241
M29
Skate Mount - Cal. .30
M29C
Ring Mount - Cal. .50
M30
Skate Mount - Cal. . 30 _ or .50
M31
Pedestal Truck Mount Caliber .30 or .50 Pedestal Truck Mo:unt 116-1278 Caliber .30 or .50 116-1091 Pedestal Truck Mount Pedestal Truck Mount _ _ 116-1091 116-1199 116-1228 Ring Mount 116-1473 Twin Caliber .50 Machine - 116-1608 116-1670 Gun Mount 116-1672 -
M25 M26
M31A1 M31A2 M31C M32 M33
Pedestal Truck Mount Caliber .30 or .50
1103
479 -
-
-
230 _ _ 116- 1098 480 116- 1182 116- 1290 481 664 _ _ 116- 1562 62 984 _ _ 116- 1810
U.S. MOUNTS 11
M 11 No.
M34 M34A1 M35
11
M 11 DESIGNATIONS Title
Plate No - Page
Combination Gun Mount _ (T48) 75mm & Cal..30 Combination Gun Mount _ 75mm & Caliber .30
116- 1115 116- 1291 116- 1116 -
Plate No - Page
902 __ 116- 1116 903 904 __ 116- 1293 -
904
-
192 563 576 202
116- 1084 116- 1184 -
576 576
M36 M36A1 M36A2
Skate Mount - Caliber . 30 _ 116- 1035 or .50 116- 1071 116-1083 116- 1086 116- 1513 Skate Mount - Caliber _ _ 116- 1083 . 30 or . 50 116- 1094 116- 1199 Ring Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1574 Ring Mount 116- 1574 Ring Mount 116- 1574
-
564 _ 573 565 575 619 565 230 319 589 589 589
M37 M37A1 M37A2 M37A3
Ring Ring Ring Ring
116- 1575 116- 1575 116- 1575 116- 1575
-
590 590 590 590
M40
Bracket Mount - Boat Fitting Caliber .30 Ring Mount, Scarff Type _ Cal. .30 (Navy MK XX ) Combination Gun Mount _ 37mm & 2 Cal. .50 Pedestal Mount - Cal. .50 Pedestal Mount - Cal. .50 _ Pedestal Mount - Cal. .50 _
116- 1465 116- 1461 116- 1464 116-1257
-
523 608 __ 116- 1462 610 885 __ 116-1830 -
M35C
M41 M42 M43 M43A1 M43E1 M44 M45 M45C M45D M45F
Mount - - - - - Mount Mount Mount
116- 1629 116- 1629 116- 1629 -
Combination Gun Mount _ 116-1103 37mm & Cal. .30 116-1170 Multiple Machine Gun Mount (T61) Quad Cal. .50 116- 1609 Multiple Machine Gun Mount (M45E1) Quad Caliber .50 116- 1610 Multiple Machine Gun Mount Quad Cal. .50 _ _ 116-1 611 Multiple Machine Gun Mount Quad Cal. .50 _ _ 116-1612
1104
116- 1055 116- 1081 116- 1084 116- 1087
905
609 884
472 472 472
-
826 _ 828
-
867
-
868
-
869
-
870
116-1107 116- 1188 -
827 825
U.S. MOUNT - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No. M46 M48
M49
M49A1 M49A1C M49C M49C M50 M50 M52 M53 M54 M54C M55
P late No - Page
Title
Pedestal Mount - Twin _ _ 116- 1518 Cal. .50 (Navy MK XXII) 116- 1627 Bracket Mount 116- 1223 116-1245 116- 1247 116- 1249 Ring Mount 116-1073 116- 1099 116- 1184 116- 1186 116- 1520 Ring Mount - Caliber .30 or .50 116- 1184 Ring Mount - Caliber .30 or .50 116- 1184 Ring Mount 116- 1184 Ring Mount (MOD ) - Cal. .30 or .50 116- 1184 Ring Mount 116- 1576 116-1576 Ring Mount (MOD) Combination Gun Mount (T70) 105mm Howitzer _ and Caliber .3 0 Combination Gun Mount (T55) 37mm & Cal. .3 0 _ Combination Gun Mount 37mm & 2 Cal. .50 Combination Gun Mount _
M56
Multiple Gun Mount 2 Cal. .50 & 2 75mm Rifles _ Ring Mount
M57
Ring Mount
M58
Ring Mount
M59
Ring Mount
M60
Ring Mount
M61
Ring Mount
M62
Combination Gun Mount _ (T80) 76mm & Cal. .30 1105
P late No - Page
-
282 116- 1626 498 250 ____ 116- 1225 311 116- 1246 525 116-1248 310 116- 1250 568 _ 116- 1093 561 116- 1180 312 116- 1185 582 116-1513 585 116- 1575
-
312 -
-
499
-
524 526 308 617 238 231 313 620 590
116- 1565 -
587
-
312 _ 1 16- 1569 312 116- 1566 -
586 583
-
312 591 591
116- 1567 -
584
116-1112 116- 1273 -
942 _ 926
116- 1294 -
927
116- 1258 -
887
116- 1106 - 901 116- 1117 116- 1258 -
886 _ 887
116-1736 116- 1565 116- 1569 116- 1565 116- 1569 116-1565 116- 1569 116-1566
-
891 587 __ 116- 1566 586 116- 1576 587 - - 116- 1566 586 116-1578 587 116- 1566 586 116- 1578 583 116- 1578
116- 1565 116-1569 116- 1565 116-1569 116-1113 116-1256
-
587 _ 586 587 586 928 929
116- 1566 116- 1581 116- 1566 116- 1581 116-1192
-
583 591 583 592 583 592 592
-
583 593 583 593 910
U.S. MOUNT - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No. M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M67A1 M68 M68E1 M69
Title
Plate No - Page
--
Combination Gun Mount (MOD) 76mm & Cal. .30 & Cal. .50 AA Four Legged Ground Mount Cal. .50 Combination Gun Mount (T90) 75mm & Cal. .30Pedestal Mount- Twin Caliber .50 Concentric Ring Mount _ _ (T106) Combination Gun Mount (T99) 90mm & Cal. .30
Plate No - Page
116- 1114 -
930
116- 1254 -
447
116- 1119 -
908 _
116- 1190 -
909
116-1626 -
499 _
116- 1627 -
498
116- 1513 116- 1240 116- 1110 116- 1271 116- 1818
620 245 952 932 79
116- 1517 116- 1253 116- 1111 116- 1819
-
284 621 933 80
933 - - 116- 1271 245 - - 116- 1519 625
932 625
-
Combination Gun Mount 90mm & Cal. .30 116- 1111 Concentric Ring Mount __ 116- 1240 Concentric Ring Mount _ 116- 1519 116- 1184 -
312 _
116- 1498 -
301
M69E
Shielded Bracket Mount Caliber .50 Shielded Bracket Mount Caliber .50 Shielded Bracket Mount _
116-1184 116- 1184 -
312 312 _
116-1498 116- 1496 -
301 299
M70
Bracket Mount
116-1498 -
301
M71
Combination Gun Mount ( T117) 105mm How. _ _ 116-1112 and Caliber .30 116-1818 Combination Gun Mount 90mm & Cal. .30 116-1110 Tripod Weapon Mount _ _ 116-1646 116-1820 116-1679 Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Cal. .30 or .50 _ 116- 1281 Combination Gun Mount 76mm & Cal. .30 or .50 - 116-1281 Repeating Rocket Launcher Mount 116-1645 Combination Gun Mount _ 116-1109 116-1818
M69D
M73 M74 M76 M76A1 M77 M78
1106
-
942 79
116-1275 -
943
-
952 413 414 416
116- 1819 116- 1097 116- 1645 -
80 351 415
-
944 -
116- 1282 -
945
-
944 _
116-1282 -
945
-
415 947 79
116- 1272 -
946
U. S. MOUNTS - NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS Number SP- 4500 D6160 E6160 E6288 D7431
D8394 E1001 4 D30339 D30342 D30681 D30682 D31872 D32044 D32971 D34216 D34218 D34803 D34956 D36958 D36960 D36961 D37915 D38571 D38579 D38607 D40607 D40721
Title
Plate No - Page
Ball Mount, Weight Balanced Cal. .30 Cradle, Pintle & Ammo Box Assy Cradle, Pintle & Ammo Box Assy Adapter, Holder, M1 Ammo Box Cradle and Pintle Assy _ _
116- 1026 -
746
116- 1243 -
252
116- 1243 -
252
116- 1245 116- 1095 116- 1097 116- 1222 116- 1290
-
311 225 _ _ 116- 1096 351 116- 1098 478 116- 1224 229
350 228 477
-
856 253 _ _ 116- 1222 477 116- 1476 793 _ _ 116- 1722 793 - - 116- 1722 796 116- 1722 796 116- 1722 689
-
478 244 61 61 61 61
-
316 704 689
-
232 559 798 230
116- 1725 -
124
-
230 -
116- 1180 -
231
-
566 -
116- 1108 -
567
-
353 310 478 _ 477 310
116- 1223 116- 1227 -
250 251
-
920
-
568 - - 116-1099 -
561
AA Turret Mount - Twin Caliber .50 116- 1276 Cradle, Pintle & Tray _ _ 116- 1091 Assembly 116- 1224 Turret Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1710 Turret Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1710 Turret Mount - Cal. .30 _ 116- 1711 Turret Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1711 Ball Mount, 3 1/2 11 116- 1031 Elevation & Traverse Mechanism 116- 1286 Ball Mount 116- 1316 Ball Mount, 3 1/2 11 116- 1031 Cradle & Pintle Assy Caliber .50 116- 1074 Skate Mount- Cal. .30 _ _ 116- 1058 Turret Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1713 Skate Mount 116- 1094 Cradle, Pintle & Ammo Box Assy 116- 1094 Pintle Socket & Carriage Assy 116- 1037 Elevator for M1917A1 Tripod 116-1280 Cal. .30 Ammunition Tray - 116- 1249 Pintle Assembly 116- 1222 116- 1224 Cal. .50 Ammunition Tray _ 116- 1249 Cradle Assembly with Recoil Mechanism and Firing Control 116- 1563 Pintle Socket & Carriage Assy Cal. .30 or .50 _ _ 116- 1073
1107
Plate No - Page
U.S. MOUNTS - NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS Numbe r
Title
D40607
Cradle Assembly with Recoil Mechanism and Firing Control Pintle Socket & Carriage Assy Cal. .30 or .50 Ammunition Tray Assy __ Cradle & Pintle Assy
D40721 D40731 D40733 D40771 D40944 D51050 D54075 D59830 D60490 D67194 D67511 D70627 D72084 D73306 D76272 D77034 D78272 D82255 A D82255 B D90045 D90074 D90078 D90084 D90094 D93884 D94478 E774930
Ball Mount - Cal. .30 Cradle & C91597 Pintle Assembly Cupola Mount Cradle, Pintle & Ammo _ Box Assy Cal. .30 Ball Mount, Cal. .30
116- 1563 -
--
920 561
116- 1073 116- 1185 116- 1073 116- 1123 116- 1025
-
568 - - 116- 1099 313 568 _ 116- 1099 234 740
561
116- 1463 116- 1555 116- 1089 116- 1182 116- 1012 116- 1467
-
235 638 236 193 702 531
__ 116-1465 _ 116- 1598 _ 116-1749 -
523 639 237
-
116-1013 -
703
-
536 702 -
116- 1572 116- 1270 -
537 182
-
538 240 _
116- 1303 116- 1136 -
184 241
-
704 181
-
243 79 242 710 710 253 247 246
116- 1222 116- 1296 116- 1297 -
478 248 207
-
988 253 -
116- 1184 -
312
-
317 540 705 618 -
116- 1143 116- 1515 -
707 619
Folding P intle AA Mount Caliber .30 116- 1239 Ball Mount - Cal. .30 116- 1012 Folding P intle Bracket Mount Anti- Aircraft 116- 1556 Cradle and Pintle Assy _ _ 116- 1135 Ball Mount - T17E1 Armored Car 116- 1316 Ball Mount 116- 1268 Cradle, Pintle & Ammo Box Holder Assy 116- 1244 Ball Mount 116- 1818 Cradle & Pintle Assy 116- 1251 Ball Mount - Caliber .30 _ 116- 1016 Ball Mount - Caliber .30 _ 116- 1016 Cradle and Pintle Assy __ 116- 1091 116- 1295 116- 1137 Sub- caliber Trainer Mount Caliber .45 116- 1834 Ammunition Tray Assy _ 116- 1091 Elevating & Traversing Mechanism 116- 1306 Commander's Cupola 116- 1585 Ball Mount - Caliber .30 _ 116- 1015 Concentric Ring Mount __ 116- 1469 Remote Control Twin Machine Gun Turrets _
P late No - Page
P late No - P age
116- 1568 -
1108
667
U.S. MOUNTS - NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS Number 6531559 6551070 6560258 6560258 6569820 6576459 6580030 70089 29 D7042079 7046650 7054771 7058104 7058824 7068880 D7068880 7069151 7069693 7069694 7071174 7115438 D7161080 7326774 7328429 7351999 7364875 7387769 7387770
Title
P late No - P age
Elevation & Traverse Mechanism (D31559 ) __ 116- 1286 Ball Mount (D51070 ) Cal. .30 116- 1017 Concentric Ring Mount (D60258 ) _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1469 Cupola Mount (MOD ) 116- 1549 Cradle & Pintle Assy (D69820 ) Cal. .50 _ _ 116- 1524 Ball Mount (D76459 ) Cal. .30 116- 1010 Cradle, Pintle & Ammo _ 116- 1240 Box Holder Assy 116- 1819 (D80030 ) Ball Mount - Cal. .30 116- 1016 Machine Gun Cradle 116- 1285 Cradle, Pintle & Ammo _ 116- 1476 Tray Assembly 116- 1819 Commander's Cupola - - 116- 1321 Ball Mount (MOD ) Cal. .3 0 116- 1027 F olding Pintle Bracket _ 116- 1184 Mount AA - Cal. .50 116- 1303 Cradle & Pintle Assy 116- 109 1 (068880) 116- 1199 Cradle & Pintle Assy (MOD ) _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1495 Machine Gun Cradle 116- 1273 Cradle & Pintle Assy 116- 1494 Shield Bracket Mount (M69E ) Cal. .30 or .50_ 116- 1496 Shielded Bracket Mount 116-1498 (M69) Pedestal Mount- Cal.. 50 _ 116- 1184 Cradle & Pintle Assy 116- 1254 Pintle & Shield Assy Cal. .30 _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1468 AA Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1579 Ball Mount - Cal. .30 116- 1016 116- 1024 Cupola Mount- Cal. .5 0116- 1559 Ball Mount - - - - - - 116-1016 Ball Mount 116-1016
1109
P late No - P age
-
316
-
706 - - 116- 1143 -
707
-
618 _ 833
116- 1515 -
619
-
249
-
708 245 80
116- 1011 116- 1476 116- 1585 -
709 244 54
-
710 935 244 80 640
116- 1516 -
254
-
747 312 116- 1557 184 253 - - 116- 1093 319 116- 1297 -
-
298 926 239
-
299
-
301 312 _ _ 116- 1537 447
-
300
-
671 71 0 - - 116- 1023 751 662 116- 1823 71 0 710
539 238 207
487
750 83
U.S. MOUNTS - NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS Number 7391231 7537233 7722408 7722940 8371900 8681600 K8687690
Title
Plate No - P age
Conversion Kit 116- 1274 Machine Gun Cradle Assy_ 116- 1272 Ball Mount - Cal. .30 116- 1021 116- 1819 Ball Mount - Cal. .30 _ _ 116- 1014 116- 1470 Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1579 Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1577 Cupola Mount - Cal. .50 _ 116- 1320 -
948 946 748 80 711 _ 203 671 674 642
P late No - P age
116- 1022 -
749
116- 1194 -
71 2
116- 1823 -
83
U. S. MOUNTS - ARMY AIR FORCE DE SIGNATIONS Number
Title
A- 3 A- 5 A- 6 A- 9 A- 9B A- 10 A- 13 A- 13A A- 20
Mount, Ammunition B ox _ Mount Turret Mount Turret Mount Turret Mount Turret Mount Retractable Ball Turret _ Ball Turret Skate Mount
C- 12
Adapter & Type H- 1 Ammunition Box Holder Caliber .30 Adapter (MOD ) & Type H- 1 Ammunition Box Holder - Cal. .30 Adapter (Navy MK 12) Adapter, Assembly, Gun Mount Adapter, Assembly, Gun Mount
C - 12 C- 16 C- 18 C- 19
P late No - P age 116- 1029 116- 1833 116- 1772 116- 1764 116- 1764 116- 1774 116- 1773 116- 1758 116- 1761
-
P late·No - Page
754 273 965 _ _ 116-1833 966 967 967 969 968 333
116- 1054 -
270
116- 1054 116- 1485 -
270 267
116- 1029 -
754
116- 1028 -
755
D- 6 D- 7
Ring Mount Mount
116- 1456 116- 1474 -
605 _ _ 116- 1457 603
E - 10 E-ll
Mount Adapter Adapter, Assembly, Gun Mount
116- 1492 -
271
116- 1028 -
755
1110
273
206
U.S. MOUNTS - ARMY AIR FORCE DESIGNATIONS Number G-1 K K- 2A K-4 K- 5 K- 6
Title Pintle Socket & Carriage Assembly Cal. .3 0
116- 1052 -
552
Mount, Gun, Ball and Socket Ball Mount - Cal. .30 Ball Mount - Cal. .50 Mount Mount
116- 1028 116- 1029 116- 1028 116- 1833 116- 1028
755 754 755 273 755
U.S. MOUNTS
-
Number AN- E- 10 AN- M1
-
Plate No - Page
Gun Mount Adapter (E - 10) (MK 15) _ _ _ 116- 1492 -
271
Adapter, Gun Mount, 20mm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1030 -
744
-
Plate No - Page
"AN" NUMBERS Title
U.S. MOUNTS Number
Plate No - Page
P late No - Page
NAVY DESIGNATIONS Title
Plate No - Page
P late No - Page
675 - - 116- 1692 -
204
Mki Gun Mount Adapter 116- 1054 Mk I Mod.O Single Caliber .50 Gun _ _ 116- 1781 Container 116- 1782 116-1799 Mk ill Mod. Single 20mm Gun Container 116-1788 0
270 776 269 777
116- 1780 116- 1783 -
775 774
780 _ _ 116-1789 -
781
Mk VI Mod. Mount Adapter - Cal. .50 _ 2 Mk VI Mod. Gun Mount Adapter 3 Mk VI Mod. Gun Mount Adapter 4
116-1478 -
260 -
116-1759 -
488
116-1478 116- 1759 116- 1479 -
260 _ _ 116- 1479 968 261
261
G-1
Cupola Mount - Cal. .30 -
1111
116-1590 -
U.S. MOUNTS
-
NAVY DESIGNATIONS
Number
P late No - P age
Title
Mk VIII Mod. Gun Mount Adapter Caliber .50 1 MkiX Gun Mount Adapter Caliber .30 MkiX Twin Gun Cradle and Pintle Assy- Cal. .50 _ Mk X Mods. Gun Mount Adapters Caliber .50 BAM 1- 5 Mk XI Mods. Twin Gun Mount Adapters Caliber .30 1- 5 MkXII Gun Mount Adapter Cal. .30 (Type C- 16, AAF ) Turret Type Gun Mt. Mk XIII Adapter Cal. .50 M2 BAM Twin Gun Mount Adapter MkXIV Caliber .30 Mount Adapter MkXV Mk XVII & Mods. MkXX MkXX Mod. 0 MkXXMod. 1 MkXXI MkXXI Mk XXI-0 Mk XXI-I Mk XXI-II Mk XXII MkXXX Bu Ord 300962
P late No - Page
116- 1480 -
262
116- 1479 -
261 - - 116- 1481 -
263
116- 1508 116- 1479 116- 1483 -
288 261 __ 116- 1482 264 116- 1484 -
265 266
116- 1487 -
291 _
116- 1488 -
290
116- 1485 -
267
116- 1493 -
268
116- 1490 116- 1492 -
289 271
Twin Machine Gun Concentric Ring Mounts (T86) - Cal. .50 Scarff Type Gun Mount (M41) Cal. .30 Gun Mount
116- 1506 116- 1510 -
292 _ 295
116-1507 -
293
116- 1461 116- 1464 -
608 610
Gun Mount
116- 1464 -
610
-
617 - - 116- 1252 610 530
616
-
472
-
473
-
474 282 _ _ 116- 1626 116- 1630 498
-
471
-
744
Concentric Ring Mount _ 116- 1250 Caliber .30 116-1464 Ring Mount - Cal. .30116- 1466 Single Pedestal Mount (M43) 116- 1629 Single Pedestal Mount Cal. .50 116- 1630 Single Pedestal Mount (M39) Cal. . 50 116- 1628 Twin Cal. .50 Pedestal _ 116- 1518 Mount (M46 & M65) 116- 1627 Pedestal Mount - Cal. .50 (M3 AA Mount) _ _ 116- 1535 Ball Mount 20mm Aircraft 116-1030
1112
499 473
BRITISH MOUNTS Type Mount
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Anti- Aircraft _ _ 116- 1342 Turret Mounts 116- 1364 -
77 __ 116- 1346 177
108 - - 116- 1368 -
179
Ball Mounts
116- 1339 116- 1335 116- 1357 116-1369 116- 1356
19 - - 116- 1340 48 116- 1332 116-1337 78 116- 1370 153 920
-
20 - - 116- 1341 50 116- 1334 99 116- 1372 154 116- 1374
-
46 47 150 156
Bracket Mounts _
116-1345 -
534
Combination Mounts
116- 1195 116- 1336 116-1354 116- 1357 116- 1348 116- 1368 116- 1338
-
24 54 57 78 106 179 921
116- 1358 116- 1352 116- 1355 116- 1333 116- 1350 116- 1375 116- 1356
-
35 _ _ 116- 1148 55 116- 1353 58 116-1343 100 116-1351 127 116- 1189 116- 1345 180 920 116-1344
-
53 56 76 101 176 534 545
Cupola Mounts _
116- 1195 116- 1352 116- 1351 116- 1344
-
24 55 101 545
116- 1148 116- 1353 116- 1371 116-1345
-
53 - - 116- 1336 56 116- 1343 149 116- 1220 534 116- 1338
-
854 76 155 921
Flame Gun Mounts
116- 1355 -
58
Gimbal Mounts _
116-1339 116- 1336 116-1337 -
19 _ _ 116-1340 54 116- 1352 99 116- 1349 -
20 __ 116- 1148 55 116- 1343 107 116- 1220 -
53 76 155
Motorcycle Mounts
116-1636 -
-
213
Pedestal Mounts _ 116-1367 -
544 - - 116- 1366 -
543 __ 116-1365 -
542
Ring Mounts
116-1361 -
627 -
116-1359 -
626 - - 116-1660 -
438
Tree Mounts
116-1794 - 1019
Tripod Mounts _
116-1690 116-1360 -
341 __ 116-1625 418 116-1723 -
432 __ 116-1726 381
378
1113
FRENCH MOUNTS Type Mount
P late No - Page
P late No - P age
Ball Mounts (Vehicle s ) Ball Mounts (Fortifications)
116- 1381 -
423 __ 116- 1380 -
116- 1063 -
424 _
Combination Mounts
116- 1378 116- 1387 116- 1391 -
36 __ 116- 1379 - 186 120 116- 1388 - 119 191 116- 1754 - 1043
Cupola Mounts _
116- 1378 -
36 _
P edestal Mounts _ 116- 1397 -
452 _
P late No - P age
116- 1389 -
109
116- 1386 116- 1389 -
29 109
116- 1379 -
186 __ 116- 1385 -
135
116- 1398 -
157 - - 116- 1400 -
490
44 -
116- 1068 - 1025
Skate Mounts
116- 1100 -
570
Tripod Mounts _
116- 1642 116- 1723 116- 1846 -
382 __ 116- 1718 381 116- 1724 417
421 __ 116- 1721 380 116- 1730 -
391 379
Turret Mounts _
116- 1378 116- 1384 116- 1398 -
36 __ 116- 1382 93 116- 1390 157 116- 1399 -
45 59 185
96 190
116- 1383 116- 139 2 -
GERMAN MOUNTS Type Mount
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Anti- Aircraft _ _ 116- 1393 Mounts 116- 1383 -
454 __ 116- 1394 96
Ball Mounts _ _ 116-1046 -
132 730 720 738 724 736 916
116- 1304 116- 1329 116- 1077 116- 1047 116- 1044 116- 1309
-
116- 1043 116- 1305 116- 1048 116- 1078 116- 1072 116- 1313 116- 1638
-
Plate No - Page
152 _
116- 1434 -
832
727 731 721 725 722 737 977
116- 1308 116- 1307 116- 1075 116- 1080 116- 1082 116- 1049
728 729 739 723 726 757
-
Ball Mounts _ _ 116- 1067 - 1026 _ _ 116- 1059 - 1034 __ 116- 1060 - 1035 (Fortifications) 116- 1062 - 1036 116- 1050 - 1037 116- 1051 - 1039
116- 1057 - 1038
116- 1065 - 1040
1114
GERMAN MOUNTS Type Mount
Plate No - Page
Combination _ _ 116- 1196 Mounts 116- 1311 116- 1414 116- 1418 116- 1420 116- 1851 Cupola Mounts _
-
Plate No - Page
26 _ _ 116- 1442 64 116- 1419 911 116- 1416 116- 1309 918 914 116- 1421 893
-
-
63 175 913 917 919
453 _ _ 116- 1396 502 116- 1443 397
455 509
646
34 65 912 916 915
116- 1553 -
646 _ _ 116- 1459 -
662
Deflector Mounts _ 116- 1638 -
977 _ _ 116- 1779 -
974
Flame Thrower_
Plate No - Page 116- 1415 116- 1430 116- 1417 116- 1310 116- 1424
116- 1319 - 1009
Flexible & Skate _ 116- 1066 - 1041 - - 116- 1064 - 1042 Mounts (Fixed Fortifications) Parapet Mounts _
116- 1779 -
974
Pedestal Mounts _ 116- 1447 116- 1393 116- 1441 -
303 _ _ 116- 1395 454 116- 1431 489 116- 1440 -
Remote Control _ 116- 1536 Mounts
546
Ring Mounts _ _ 116- 1459 116-1775 -
607 _ _ 116- 1777 613 116- 1644 -
614 __ 116- 1553 612
Rocket Launcher _ 116- 1441 Mounts
489 _ _ 116- 1049 -
757
Short Pedestal & _ 116-1677 Bracket Mounts
533 _ _ 116- 1697 -
508 __ 116- 1443 -
509
Sled Mounts _ _ 116- 1635 -
210
Tripod Ground _ Mounts
116- 1682 116- 1737 116- 1738 -
422 _ 384 383
116- 1683 116-1393 116- 1739 -
423 __ 116- 1685 454 116- 1049 392
424 757
Turret Mounts _
116-1128 -
121 - - 116- 1613 -
865 _ _ 116- 1622 -
864
Wheeled Mounts _ 116-1740 -
216
1115
ITALIAN MOUNTS Type Mount
P late No - Page
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Anti- Aircraft _ _ 116- 1412 Mounts 116- 1643 -
66 __ 116- 1411 257
133 _ _ 116- 1407 -
172
Ball Mounts _ _ 116- 1412 116- 1408 -
66 __ 116- 1411 173 116- 1801 -
133 _ _ 116- 1407 212
172
Combination _ _ 116- 1412 Mounts
66 .__ 116- 1408 -
Cupola Mounts _
116- 1406 -
Gimbal Mounts _
116- 1413 -
22 __ 116- 1410 -
Tripod Mounts _
116-1743 -
Turret Mounts _
116- 1413 116- 1408 -
173
147 110 _
116-1409 -
805
377 _ _ 116- 1850 -
396
22 _ _ 116- 1406 173 116- 1848 -
147 _ _ 116-1407 959
172
JAPANESE MOUNTS Type Mount Ball Mounts
Plate No - Page 116- 1427 116- 1433 116- 1423 116- 1450 116- 1445
-
51 _ _ 116- 1428 68 116- 1439 113 116- 1425 116- 1451 158 199 116- 1446
Combination Gun _ 116- 1439 Mounts
69
Pedestal Mounts _ 116- 1448 -
161
Tripod Ground _ Mounts
419 429
116- 1584 116- 1822 -
Turret Type _ _ 116- 1622 Mounts
Plate No - Page -
116- 1744 116- 1741 -
864 __ 116- 1449 -
1116
Plate No - Page
52 _ _ 116- 1432 69 116- 1422 114 116- 1426 159 116-1448 200 116- 1561
-
67 112 116 161 201
427 _ _ 116- 1748 975
428
160
SWEDISH MOUNTS Type Mounts
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
Ball Mounts _ _ 116- 1404 -
174
Combination _ _ 116- 1090 Mounts
117 _ _ 116- 109 2 -
Pedestal Mounts _ 116-1404 -
174
Motorcycle _ _ 116-1636 Mounts
213
Plate No - Page
118 _ _ 116- 1404 -
174
SOVIET MOUNTS Type Mounts
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
P late No - Page
116-1144 116-1151 116- 1167 116- 1301 116- 1198
116-1149 116-1159 116- 1152 116-1299
Aircraft Gun _ _ 116-1790 Mount
527
Ball Mounts (Vehicles )
116-1145 116-1147 116- 1166 116- 1156 116-1300
25 28 168 699 939
Ball Mounts (Fortifications )
116- 1173 - 103 1 _ _ 116- 1174 - 1030 _ _ 116- 1175 - 103 2 116-1178 - 1027 116- 1177 - 1028 116-1 176 - 1029
-
-
25 _ 28 81 111 937
116- 1150 116- 1146 116- 1163 116-1300 116-1198
116- 1164 116-1171 -
134 643
116-1172 116-1298 -
Combination Gun _ 116- 1145 Mounts 116-1147 116- 1162 116-1154 116-1153 Cupola Mounts _
-
-
Pedestal Mounts _ 116-1444 -
503 - - 116-1735 -
Rocket Launchers _116-1589 -
995
Tripod Ground _ Mounts
417 -
116- 1846 -
1117
116- 1734 -
30 75 169 732 938
74 _ _ 116- 1149 73 116- 1151 116-1157 82 939 116-1298 938
-
27 95 198 733
-
27 75 103 936
645 _ _ 116-1187 936
644
491
393
SOVIET MOUNTS Type Mounts Turret Mounts _
Plate No - Page 116- 1159 116- 1168 116- 1160 -
Wheeled Mounts _ 116- 1732 -
Plate No - Page
95 _ _ 116- 1158 146 116- 1166 189 116- 1161 -
P late No - Page
102 _ _ 116- 1155 168 116- 1167 197 116- 1154 -
104 169 111
217
OTHER FOREIGN MOUNTS Type Mounts
Plate No - Page
Australian Pedestal Mounts 116- 1499 -
494
Austrian Ball Mounts __ 116- 1377 -
171
Chinese (North Korean ) Tripod Mounts _ 116- 1750 -
431
Czech Ball Mounts _
116- 1230 116- 1403 -
Coaxial Gun Mounts 116- 1403 Tripod Mounts _ 116- 1584 Danish Ground Mounts (wheeled ) _ _ 116- 1437 Motorcycle Mounts 116- 1636 Pedestal Mounts 116- 1436 Tripod Mounts _ 116- 1719
Plate No - Page
717 - - 116- 1401 167
719 __ 116- 1402 -
167 419
-
394 _ _ 116- 1438 -
-
213
-
493 420
Swiss Ground Mounts (wheeled ) __ 116- 1440 Pedestal Mounts 116- 1435 -
397 492
1118
P late No - P age
395
718
VEHICLE INDEX U.S. VEHICLES - EARLY Number
Title
Plate No - Page
Davidson 1898 Vehicle _ _ _ 116- 1233 -
144
Jeffery Quad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1233 -
144
King Armored Car _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1233 -
144
White Armored Car _ _ _ _ 116- 1034 -
682
Armored Car No. 1 (1915 ) _
116- 1233 -
144
Cavalry School Type Scout Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1701 -
164
Flame Gun, Steam Propelled Tank, WWI
P late No - P age
116- 1322 - 1006
Three Ton Tank of 1918 _ _ 116- 1327 -
94
Mark ill Heavy Tank, U.S. Model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1042 -
21
Medium Tank of 1921 _ _ _ 116-1033 -
686
Medium "A" Tank (1922 ) _ _ 116-1033 -
686 _ _ 116-1806 -
M1916
37mm Gun Tank _ _ _ _ _ 116-1 837 -
989
M1917
Six Ton Tank
94 _ _ 116- 1328 - 786 787 682
M1924
Medium Tank _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1806-
116- 1327 116- 1330 M1917A1 Six Ton Tank (1930-1931 )- - 116-1034 -
49
49
U.S. VEHICLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T1
Title
Plate No - Page
Car, Armored _ _ _ _ __ 116-1760 -
1119
162
P late No - Page
U.S. VEHICLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS Title
"T" No.
Plate No - Page
Plate No - P age
T1
Car, Combat
116- 1102 -
808
T1
Car, Squad (c. 1930)
116- 1760 -
162
T1E1
Half Track Car (M1)
116- 1497 -
522 _ _ 116- 1542 - 464
T1
Motor Gun Motor Gun Motor Gun
116- 1531 -
854
116- 1531 -
854
116- 1531 -
854
T1E2 T1E3
Carriage, Multiple (WH) Carriage, Multiple Carriage, Multiple
Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun (HT) Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun
116- 1672 -
194
116- 1672 -
194
T1 T1E1 T1E2
Tank, Heavy (1940) Tank, Heavy Tank, Heavy
116- 13 24 116- 1243 116- 1324 -
32 _ 252 32
T1 T1E1 T1E2 T1E3 T1E4 T1E6
Tank, Tank, Tank, Tank, Tank, Tank,
116- 1503 116- 1102 116- 1504 116- 1504 116- 1502 116- 1502
809 808 - - 116- 1503 - 809 811 811 - - 116- 1503 - 809 810 810
T1 T1E1
Tank, Medium (1925) Tank, Medium (1932)
116- 1033 116- 1806 -
686 - - 116- 1806 49
T2
Car, Armored Medium
116- 1700 -
163
T2
Car, Combat
116- 1501 -
813
T2A2 T2E1 T2E2
Tank, Light Tank, Light(1934) Tank, Light (1934- 5)
T2E3
Tank, Light
116- 1706 116- 1000 116- 1000 116- 1704 116- 1824 116-1824
795 - - 116- 1708 690 _ _ 116- 1105 690 - - 116- 1038 790 116- 1004 123 123
T2
Tank, Medium
T1E 2 T1E4
Light (1927) Light ( 19 28) Light Light ( 1930) Light Light
-
-
116- 1034 116- 1504 116- 1503 1120
_ 116- 1326 -
-
31
49
794 816 691 688
682 - - 116- 1040 - 684 811 116- 1505 - 812 809
U.S. VEHICLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
T3
Car, Combat - - - - - - 116-15 03 -
809
T3 T3
Motor Carriage, 75mm Howitzer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1088 116- 1827 Personnel Carrier _ _ _ _ 116- 1503 -
578 _ _ 116- 1259 - 695 131 809
T3
Tank, Light - - - - - - - 116- 1031 -
689
T3 T3E2
Tank, Medium - - - - - - 116- 1102 Tank, Medium 116-1001 -
808 687 _ _ 116- 1269 - 899
T3 T3E1
Tank, Medium Convertible _ Tank, Medium Convertible -
116- 1503 116- 1503 -
809 809
T4
Car, Armored, 6- wheel _ _ 116-1267 -
165
T4
Car, Combat (1933 )
687 - - 116- 1101 - 814 116- 1703 - 789 813 61 116- 1720 - 60 687
T4 T4
116- 1001 116-1501 116- 1722 Car, Combat (MOD ) (c.1934) _ 116-1001 Motor Carriage, 20mm Twin Gun
-
116- 1618 -
853
116- 1000 116- 1038 116- 1722 116- 1000 116-1722 116-1501
-
69 0 - - 116- 1001 - 687 116- 1709 - 792 691 61 69 0 116- 1038 - 691 61 813
T4
Tank, Medium (1936 )
T4E1
Tank, Medium ( 1936 )
T5
Car, Armored Convertible _
T5 T5E2
Car, Combat (MOD ) _ _ _ 116- 1001 Car, Combat 116- 1707 -
687 _ _ 116- 1710 - 793 122
T5 T5E1
Mortar Carrier, 4.2 "- - - -116- 1543 Mortar Carrier 116-1542 -
465 464
T5
Tank, Medium _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1031 -
689 _ _ 116- 1800 - 836
T5 T5E2 T5E 3
Vehicle, Tank Rec overy _ _ 116-1017 116-1017 Vehicle, Tank Recovery 116-1017 Vehicle, Tank Recovery
706 _ _ 116- 1018 - 714 706 - - 116- 1018 - 714 706
T6
Car, Combat _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1004 -
688
1121
U.S. VEHICLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS Title
"T" No.
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
T6
Tank, Medium - - - - - - 116- 1816 -
T6E1 T6E3
Vehicle, Tank Recovery _ _ 116- 1017 - 706 Vehicle, Tank Recovery 116- 1018 - 714
T7
Car, Combat, Convertible _
T7
Car, Scout (M1) _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1124 - 466 _ _ 116- 1486 - 166 116-1543 - 465 Personnel Carrier, Half Track 116- 1076 - 558
T7
70
116- 1238 - 519
T7E2
Tank, Light
116- 1266 - 906
T8 T8
Car, Armored, 2- ton (c. 1930) Car, Armored, Light
116- 1760 - 162 116- 1188 - 825
T8E1
Vehicle, Reconnaissance
116- 1517 - 284
T9 T9E1
Tank, Light Tank, Light
116- 1106 - 901 _ _ 116- 1825 - 126 116-1106 - 901
T10E1
Motor Carriage, Twin 20mm Gun
116- 1619 - 872
Tank, Light, Amphibian (1941)
116-1269 - 899
T10
Tractor, Shop
116-1241 - 984
T11
T13
Car, Armored (1932) _ _ _ 116- 1101 116-1138 Car, Armored (1942) 116- 1008 116- 1269 Car, Scout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1053
T14E1
Tank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1017 - 706
T14
Tank, Assault (Heavy) _ _ _ 116-1116 - 904 _ _ 116- 1808 -
T14E1
Vehicle, Tank Recovery _ _ 116-1018 - 714
T16
Half Track Car _ _ _ __
T10
T13
-
814 _ _ 116- 1001 - 687 815 696 _ _ 116- 1259 - 695 899 553 116-1056 - 571
33
116-1035 - 564 --- 116-1055 - 192
1122
U.S. VEIDCLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
T16
Half Track Truck _ _ _ _ 116- 1079 - 560 _ _ 116- 1221 - 481
T16
Tank, Light _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1331 - 125
T16
T18 T18E2
Vehicle, Armored Utility _ _ 116-1522 116-1376 Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1270 116- 1251 Car, Armored (Early Model)- 116-1259 Car, Armored (1942) 116- 1165 116- 1268 Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1268 116- 1316 Car, Armored - - - - - 116- 1268 Car, Armored 116- 1129
T18E1 T18E2
Vehicle, Armored Infantry _ Vehicle, Armored Infantry -
T18 T19 T19E1
Vehicle, Armored Utility _ _ 116- 1516 116- 1568 Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1269 Car, Armored 116-1165
T19
Half Track Car _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1221 - 481
T19
Half Track Vehicle _ _ _ _ 116- 1181 - 480
T20
Tank, Medium (19 42 ) _ _ _ 116- 1256 - 929
T21
Car, Armored - - - - - - 116-1165 - 823 - - 116-1193 - 183
T22 T22E2
Car, Light Armored _ _ _ 116-1188 - 825 _ _ 116- 1303 - 184 Car, Light Armored 116-1303 - 184
T22 T22E1
Tank, Medium (1942) - - - 116- 1256 - 929 Tank, Medium 116- 1115 - 902 _ _ 116-1291 - 903
T23
Tank, Medium (19 42 ) - - - 116- 1015 116- 1287 Tank, Light (M24) _ _ _ _ 116- 1010 116- 1190 116-1825 Tank, Medium 90mm _ _ _ 116- 1271 Tank, Medium 90mm 116- 1271
T17 T17E1 T17E1 T17E2
T24 T25 T25E1
1123
-
623 _ _ 116- 1522T752 182 - - 116- 1528 242 695 823 - - 116- 1259 181 116- 1270 181 116- 1276 704 181 907 _ _ 116- 1268 -
622 514 695 182 856 181
116- 1560 - 641 _ _ 116- 1580 - 661 116- 1580 - 661 -
-
254 - - 116- 1560 - 641 667 899 823 - - 116- 1193 - 183
705 - - 116- 1256 924 708 _ 116- 1011 909 116-1527 126 932 _ 116- 1818 932 __ 116- 1818
- 929 - 933 - 510 -
79 79
U.S. VEillCLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS Plate No - Page
Title
"T" No.
Plate No - Page
T26E2 T26E3
Tank, Heavy (M45 Medium) Tank, Heavy
116- 1275 116- 1517 -
943 284
T26 T26E1 T26E3
Tank, Medium 90mm (1943 ) _ 116- 1271 Tank, Medium 116- 1818 Tank, Medium 116- 1271 -
932 79 932
T27
Car, Light Armored (1944) _
116-1165 -
823
T27
Mortar Carrier, 81mm ___ 116- 1013 -
703
T28
Car, Light Armored (1944) _
826 __ 116- 1165 183
T28E1
Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1830 -
884
T28
Tank, Super Heavy (1943) _
584 _ _ 116- 1808 -
T29
Half Track _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1582 -
581
T29 T29E1 T29E2 T29E3
Tank, Tank, Tank, Tank,
951 _ 950 950 33 _
116-1103 116- 1193 -
116- 1567 -
Heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ Heavy Heavy Heavy (1948)
116- 1302 116- 1302T116- 1302T116-1808 -
823
33
116- 1302T-
950
116- 1302T-
950
932
T30 T30E1 T31
Tank, Demolition _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1292 - 1004
T32
Car, Scout - - - - - - - 116- 1124 -
T33
Tank, Medium - - - - - - 116- 1323 - 1008
T34
Tank, Heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1302T- 950
T35
Tank, Flame Thrower _ _ _ 116- 1322 - 1006
T38
Mortar Carrier, 4.2'_ ' _ _ _ 116-15 19 -
625
T40
Tank, Medium 90mm _ _ _ 116- 1021 116-1819 Tank, 76mm Gun _ _ _ _ _ 116-1240 116-1755 Tank, 76mm Gun _ _ _ _ _ 116-1282
748 _ _ 116-1271 80 245 - - 116-1282 765 116-1825 945
T41E1 T41E2
1124
-
466
945 126
U.S. VEHICLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
T41
Tank, Light _ _ _ _ __
T41
Trailer Mount - - - - - - 116- 1609 -
867
T41E1
Vehicle, Tank Recovery _ _ 116- 1566 -
583
T42
Tank, 90mm Gun _ _ __
765 -
T42
Trailer Mount - - - - - - 116- 1609 -
867
T43
116- 1281 -
Plate No - P age
944 ____ 116- 1282 -
945
116- 1818 -
79
Motor Carriage, 37mm Gun _ 116- 1193 -
183
T43
Tank, 120mm Gun _ _ _ _ 116- 1559 -
662 __ 116- 1814 -
327
T43
Trailer Mount - - - - - - 116- 1568 -
667
T43E1
Tractor, Cargo _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1568 -
667
T44
Tractor, Cargo _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1550 -
666
T45E1
Trailer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1610 -
868
T46E1
Carrier, Amphibious Cargo _ 116- 1519 -
625 __ 116- 1819 -
80
T46 T46A1
Tank, Medium (M46 ) _ _ _ 116- 1022 Tank, Medium 116-1819 -
749 _ 80
116- 1819 -
80
T46
Trailer Mount _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1609 -
867
T48
Tank, Medium _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1130 116- 1526 Vehicle, Heavy Recovery- - 116-1583 -
949 __ 116-1559 512 116- 1823 672
662 83
Vehicle, Heavy Recovery- - 116- 1583 116-1828 Vehicle, Armored Infantry (M59 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1583 116-1599 Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun (H-T ) _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1191
-
672 _ 136
116- 1599 -
673
-
672 _ 673
116- 1588 - 1011
-
889
T61
Flame Thrower _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1559 -
673
T65
Flame Thrower, SelfPropelled - - - - - - 116-1322 - 1006
T50 T51 T59 T60
1125
116- 1755 -
U.S. VEffiCLES - "T" DESIGNATIONS "T" No. T65
Title Motor Carriage, Twin 40mm Gun
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
116- 1606 -
116- 1620 -
877
327 ___ 116- 1829 184 714 116- 1515 619
855
880 _
T66
Tank, Flame Thrower (195 2 ) _ 116- 1322 - 1006
T67
Tank, Flame Thrower _ _ _ 116- 1322 - 1006
T69 T71 T71E1
Motor Carriage, Machine Gun-116-1814 116- 1303 Motor Carriage, 90mm Gun _ 116- 1018 Motor Carriage, 90mm Gun _ 116- 1515
T73
Vehicle, Armored Infantry _
T74
Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - 116- 1609 Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun 116- 1609 -
867
Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - 116- 1609 -
867
T75 T76 T77 T77 T77E1 T81 T82 T83 T85 T85E1 T97
-
116- 1560 -
641 867 _
Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116- 1605 Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun (MOD) _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1663 Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116- 1605 -
875
Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116-1609 -
867
Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116-1609 -
867
Mount Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116- 1609 -
867
875 874
Motor Carriage, Multiple 20mm Gun _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1791 Motor Carriage, Multiple 20mm Gun 116-1606 -
880
Self-Propelled 155mm Gun _
245
116-1240 -
1126
619
878
116- 1673 -
862
U.S. VEHICLES- "T" DESIGNATIONS Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
116- 1240 -
245 -
116- 1579 -
671
116- 1543 -
465 -
116- 1585 -
540
116- 1240 -
245
T108
Self- Propelled Howitzer, 8'-' _ 116- 1240 -
245
T165
Self- Propelled 105mm Multiple Rifle "ONTOS" Vehicle _ 116- 1826 Self- Propelled 105mm Rifle 116- 1826 "ONTOS" Vehicle Self- Propelled 105mm Multiple Rifle "ONTOS" Vehicle _ 116- 1826 Self- Propelled Howitzer, 155mm 116- 1828
Title
"T" No. T98E1 T99 T99E1
T166 T167 T194
Self-Propelled Howitzer, 105mm Self- Propelled Howitzer, 155mm Self- Propelled Howitzer, 155mm
-
128
-
128
-
128
-
136
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
Plate No - Page
M1
Car, Armored (T4 )
116- 1500 -
802
M1
Car, Combat (1934 )
M1A1
Car, Combat (1938 )
M1
Car, Scout
116- 1000 116-1238 116-1707 116- 1004 116-1259 116- 1705 116- 1727 116- 1124 116- 1477
-
690 519 122 688 695 791 801 466 516
M1 M1A1 M1A2
Tank, Light Tank, Light Tank, Light
116- 1503 116- 1713 116-1706 -
806 798 795 -
M1
Tank, Medium
116-1806 -
49
M1A1
Truck, Heavy Wrecking (Ward- La-France )
116-1574 -
589
1127
P late No - Page
116-1237 116- 1259 -
520 695
116-1101 116-1704 116-1707 -
814 790 122
116- 1472 116- 1486 -
5 7 166
116-1725 116-1707 -
124 122
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS Title
"M" No.
Plate No - Page
P late No - Page
116- 1008 116- 1259 116- 1713 116- 1124 116- 1069 116- 1120 116- 1035 116- 1086 116- 1180 116- 1086 116- 1180
116- 1237 116- 1460 116- 1725 -
520 521 124
116- 1070 -
554
116- 1079 116- 1672 116- 1565 -
560 194 587
116- 1105 -
816
116- 1003 116- 1008 116- 1704 116- 1824
-
693 696 790 123
116- 1705 116- 1705 116- 1008 116- 1237 116- 1261 116- 1261 116- 1807
-
791 791 696 520 818 818 982
116- 1006 116- 1547 -
697 970
M2
Car, Combat
M2 M2A1
Car, Scout Car, Scout
M2
Half Track
M2A1 M2E5 M2E6
Half Track Half Track Half Track
M2
Mortar Carrier, 81mm (H- T)_116- 1081 -
M2A1
Tank, Light (T2E1) (1934) _
M2A2
Tank, Light (1934)
M2A2- 3 M2A2E3 M2A3 M2A4
Tank, Tank, Tank, Tank,
M2
Tank, Medium (1939)
M2A1
Tank, Medium (1940)
M2A1E1 M2A4
Tank, Medium Tank, Medium
M3
Car, Scout
M3A1
Car, Scout
M3
Half Track
Light Light Light (T2A2) (1938) Light (1940)
-
696 695 798 466 572 _ 555 564 575 231 _ 575 231 563
116- 1000 116- 1824 116- 1000 116- 1004 116- 1039 116- 1259 116- 1004 116- 1031 116- 1003 116- 1007 116- 1032 116- 1259 116- 1006 116- 1547 116- 1810 116- 1005 116- 1261 116-1807 116- 1810 116- 1810
-
690 _ 123 690 688 692 695 688 689 693 742 743 695 697 978 62 698 818 982 62 62
116- 1071 116- 1076 116- 1035 116- 1058 116- 1076 116- 1081 116- 1124 116-1117 116- 1181 116- 1228 116- 1612
-
573 __ 116- 1120 558 564 _ 116- 1036 559 116- 1071 116- 1079 558 563 116- 1083 466 886 ~ 116 - 1134 480 116- 1182 482 116- 1609 870
1128
-
555
-
574 573 560 565
-
888 193 867
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS Plate No - Page
Title
"M" No.
116- 1565 116- 1181 -
M3A1 M3E2
Half Track Half Track
M3A1 M3E1
Motor Carriage, 37mm Gun _ 116- 1258 Motor Carriage, 37mm Gun _ 116- 1257 -
M3
Tank, Light(1940)
M3A1
Tank, Light (1941)
M3A3
Tank, Light (1942)
M3
Tank, Medium (1940)
M3A1
Tank, Medium (1941)
M3A2
Tank, Medium
M3A3
Tank, Medium
M3A4
Tank, Medium
M3A5
Tank, Medium
M4
Half Track
M4A1
Half Track
M4A1
Mortar Carrier, 81mm (H- T)
M4
Tank, Light
M4
Tank, Medium - Series
116- 1007 116- 1032 116- 1237 116- 1263 116- 1032 116- 1170 116- 1259 116- 1165 116- 1237 116- 1241 116- 1380 116- 1562 116- 1241 116- 1562 116- 1241 116- 1269 116- 1810 116- 1241 116- 1562 116- 1241 116- 1562 116- 1241 116- 1562 116- 1035 116- 1084 116- 1035
1129
-
Plate No - Page
587 116- 1612 480 __ 116- 1182 -
870 193
887 885 742 __ 116- 1008 743 116- 1165 520 116- 1259 820 116- 1265 743 116- 1165 116- 1237 828 116- 1824 695 823 _ 116- 1170 520 116- 1259 984 116- 1269 44 116- 1386 665 116- 1810 984 __ 116- 1269 665 116- 1810 984 _ 116- 1260 116- 1562 899 62 984 116- 1269 665 116- 1810 116- 1269 984 665 116- 1810 984 _ 116- 1269 665 564 _ 116- 1079 576 116- 1079 564 -
-
696 823 695 822 823 520 123 828 69 5 899 29 62 899 62 900 665
-
899 62 899 62 899
-
560
-
560
116- 1081 116- 1084 116- 1824 -
563 576 123
116- 1083 -
565
116- 1816 116- 1012 116- 1018 116-1020 116- 1132 116-1240 116-1291
70 _ 702 714 715 955 245 903
116- 1816T116- 1017 116- 1019 116-1116 116-1136 116- 1243 116- 1294 -
71 706 713 904 241 252 927
-
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
M4
Tank, Medium 75mm Gun _
M4 M4
Tank, Medium 76mm Gun _ Tank, Medium 105mm Howitzer Tank, Medium
M4A1
M4A1 M4A1 M4A1 M4A2 M4A2 M4A2 M4A3
M4A3 M4A3 M4A3 M4A3E2 M4A4 M4A4 M4A4 M4A4E1 M4A6
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
116- 1292 116- 1524 116- 1555 116- 1558 116- 1756 116- 1016 116-1018 116- 1016
- 1004 116- 1323 - 249 116- 1554 - 638 116- 1556 - 636 116-1598 - 768 116- 1808 - 710 _ _ 11 6- 1017 - 714 - 710 - - 116-1018
116-1016 116-1017 116- 1116 116- 1243 116- 1291 116- 1551
-
Tank, Medium 75mm Gun (pilot) 116- 1017 Tank, Medium 75mm Gun __ 116- 1016 116- 1018 Tank, Medium 76mm Gun _ _ 116- 1016 116-1256 Tank, Medium 116-1017 116-1243 116-1816 Tank, Medium, 76mm Gun _ 116-1016 Tank, Medium, 76mm Gun _ 116-1016 Tank, Medium 116-1020 116-1197 116-1243 116-1291 116-1317 116- 1548 Tank, Medium 75mm Gun _ _ 116- 1016 116-1018 Tank, Medium 76mm Gun _ _ 116-1016 Tank, Medium 105mm Howitzer 116- 1016 Tank, Medium 116-1192 Tank, Medium 116-1116 116-1291 Tank, Medium 75mm Gun __ 116-1017 Tank, Medium 105mm Howitzer 116- 1018 Tank, Medium 116-1294 Tank, Medium 116-1116
1130
710 706 _ _ 116- 1020 904 116- 1240 252 116- 1285 903 116- 1317 655 116- 1816
-
250 637 538 639 33 706
-
714
- 715 - 245 - 935 - 1007 70 -
714 706 713 714
-
245 903
-
929 904 245 929 927 660
-
706
-
714
116-1018 116- 1240 116- 1243 -
714 245 252
- 706 11 6- 1018 - 710 ____ 116- 1017 - 714 116- 1019 - 710 116- 1018 - 929 - 706 _ _ 116- 1240 - 252 116- 1291 70 - 710 - 710 ---- 116-1256 - 715 116-1116 - 276 116- 1240 - 252 116- 1256 - 903 116-1294 - 1007 116- 1733 - 979 - 710 _ _ 116- 1017 - 714 - 710 __ 116-1018 -
710 910 904 903 706
_ _ 116-1018 -
714
-
714 927 904 - - 116-1555 -
638
-
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No. M4E1 M4E5
Title
Plate No - Page
P late No - P age
Tank, Medium - - - - - - 116- 1293 Tank, Medium 116- 1017 116- 1294 Tank, Medium - - - - - 116- 1017
-
905 706 _ _ 116- 1018 927 706 ____ 116- 1018 -
-
620 __ 116- 1517 624 116- 1566 586 182
284 583
M5
Tractor - - - - - - - - 116- 1513 116- 1523 116- 1569 Car, Armored - - - - - 116- 1270
M5
Half Track _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1181 -
480 __ 116- 1672 -
194
M5
Tank, Light (1942) _ _ _ _ 116- 1012 116- 1165 116- 1824 Tank, Light (1942) _ _ _ _ 116- 1012 116- 1165 116- 1237 116- 1510 Tractor, 13- Ton H. S. Series - - - - - - - - 116- 1566
-
702 ____ 116- 1013 823 116- 1237 123 702 _ 116- 1013 823 116- 1170 520 116- 1239 295
703 520
-
583 _
116- 1569 -
586
-
252 31 32 32
116- 1324 -
32
M6A2E1 M6E1
Tank, Heavy (T1) _ _ _ _ 116- 1243 116- 1326 Tank, Heavy - - - - - - 116- 1324 Tank, Heavy - - - - - - 116- 1324
M6A1
Tank, Medium _ _ _ __
M6
Tractor - - - - - - - - 116- 1513 116-1566 Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ 116-1268 -
116- 1523 -
624
M4E6 M4
M5A1
M5 M6
M7 M7
116- 1243 -
714 714
703 828 536
252 620 _ 583 181
Motor Carriage, 105mm Howitzer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1519 Motor Carriage, 105mm Howitzer - - - - - - - 116- 1515 -
625 _ _ 116- 1524 -
249
619 ____ 116- 1519 -
625
M7
Tank, Light (19 42 ) - - - - 116- 1129 -
907 -
116- 1266 -
906
M7
Trailer, Motor Generator _
116- 1609 -
867
M8
Car, Armored
284 _ 861 825 _ 538 184
116- 1546 116- 1566 116-1829 -
511 583 855
M7B1
1131
116-1517 116-1671 116-1188 116-1556 116-1303
-
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
Plate No - P age
Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1188 116- 1303 Motor Carriage, 76mm Howitzer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1515 -
825 _ 184
M8E2
Tractor, Cargo _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1519 -
625
M9A1
Half Track - - - - - - - 116- 1180 -
231
M10 M10A1
Motor Carriage - - - - - 116- 1136 Motor Carriage 116- 1136 -
241 241
M13
Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1672 -
194
Motor Car riage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - - 116- 1672 -
194
M8E1 M8
M14 M15
Motor Carr iage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - 116- 1257 Motor Carriage, Multiple Gun - - - - - - - - 116- 1117 -
Plate No - P age 116- 1566 -
583
619 _ _ 116- 1827 -
131
885 __ 116- 1830 -
884
886 _
116- 1258 -
887
Motor Carriage, Machine Gun _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1609 -
867 _
116- 1611 -
869
M17
Motor Carriage _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1611 -
869
M18
Motor Carriage, 76mm Gun _ 116- 1515 116- 1837 -
619 __ 116- 1835 989
990
M19
Motor Carriage, Twin 40mm _ 116- 1606 116- 1836 Car, Armored 116-1185 116- 1512 116- 1517 116- 1565 Truck, 12- ton, 6 x 4 116- 1574
880 _ 116- 1828 991 313 _ _ 116-1197 281 116- 1513 284 116- 1523 587 589
-
136
-
276 620 624
M15A1 M16
M20
M20 M21 M22
-
Mortar Carrier, 81mm (H - T ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1537 -
487
Tank, Light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1106 -
901
1132
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
Plate No - Page -
Plate No - Page
708 _ _ 116- 1011 909 116- 1240 642 116- 1580 875 581
M24
Tank, Light (T24 )
M25
Tank Transport
116- 1010 116-1190 116- 1320 116- 1605 116- 1582
M25
Trailer, 40- ton Truck
116- 1565 -
587
M26
Tank, Heavy
M26
Tank, Medium
M26A1
Tank, Medium
M26E2
Tank, Medium
116- 1027 116- 1757 116- 1021 116- 1240 116- 1021 116- 1240 116- 1271
747 - - 116-1271 767 748 _ _ 116- 1022 245 116-1271 748 _ 116- 1022 245 116- 1271 932 _ _ 116- 1819
M26 M26A1
Tractor, 12-Ton Tractor, 12-Ton
116- 1565 116- 1565 -
587 587
M26A1
Tractor Truck 6 x 6
116- 1566 -
583
M27
Truck, Bomb Service 2 1/2Ton Truck, Bomb Service 2 1/2Ton
116-1 574 -
589
116- 1574 -
589
M29C
Vehicle, Amphibious
M32
Vehicles, Tank Recovery (Series)
709 245 661
-
932
-
749 93 2 749 932 80
116- 1290 -
229
Truck, 2 1/2- Ton
-
714 _ _ 116-1019 707 116-1513 583 116-1569 589
713 620 586
M34
116-1018 116-1143 116-1566 116-1574
M36
Motor Carriage, 90mm Gun _ 116- 1018 116-1837 Motor Carriage, 90mm Gun _ 116- 1017 116- 1240 Motor Carriage, 90mm Gun _ 116-1240
-
714 989 706 245 245 -
116-1240 -
245
116-1018 116-1835 116-1835 -
714 990 990
Motor Carriage, 105mm Howitzer
116- 1519 -
625 -
116- 1827 -
131
Truck, 3/4- Ton, 4 x 4
116-1225 -
524 -
116- 1246 -
526
M27B1
M36B1 M36B2 M37 M37
1133
-
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS Title
"M" No.
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
M38
Car, Armored _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1103 -
826 __ 116- 1193 -
183
M38 M38A1
Truck, 1/4- Ton, 4 x 4 _ _ 116- 1225 Truck, 1/4- Ton, 4 x 4 116- 1125 -
524 _ 467 _
116- 1278 116-1278 -
485 485
M39
Vehicle, Armored Utility (T41 ) - - - - - - - - 116- 1515 -
619 116- 1825 -
126
749 943
M41
Tank, 76mm Gun (T41E1) _
M41A1
Tank, 76mm Gun
116- 1282 116- 1548 116- 1282 -
M42
Tank, Flame Thrower (1945 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tank, Flame Thrower Tank, Flame Thrower Tank, Flame Thrower
116- 1322 116- 1322 116- 1322 116- 1322
945 _ 979 945
-
1006 1006 1006 1006
Truck Chassis, 2 1/2- Ton, 6 X 6 - - - - - - - - 116- 1574 -
589
Vehicle, Armored Utility (T16 ) - - - - - - - 116-1376 -
752
M46E1
Tank, Medium _ _ _ _ _ _ 116-1021 116-1240 116-1818 Tank, Medium - - - - - 116- 1021 116- 1110 116- 1271 116- 1818 Tank, Medium - - - - - 116- 1022 116- 1240 Tank, Medium - - - - - - 116- 1021
-
116- 1022 748 _ 245 116-1275 79 748 - - 116-1022 952 116-1240 932 116-1321 79 116- 1819 116-1110 749 _ 245 116- 1819 748
M47
Tank, Medium 90mm (19 50) -
M47E1
Tank, Medium
-
750 740 946 650 652 79
M48
Tank, Medium 90mm _ _ _ 116-1577 116- 1823 116- 1526 -
M42B1 M42B2 M42B3 M44 M44 M45 M46
M46A1
116-1023 116- 1025 116- 1272 116- 1594 116- 1596 116- 1818
1134
749 245 640 80 952 80
-
751 245 514 651 79
674 __ 116- 1587 83 116- 1559 512
669 662
116- 1024 116- 1240 116- 1528 116- 1595 116-1818
U.S. VEHICLES - "M" DESIGNATIONS "M" No.
Title
P late No - P age
P late No - P age
M55
Trailer Mount, Multiple MG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1610 -
868
M75
Vehicle, Armor ed Infantry (T18El) _ _ _ 116- 1579 -
671 _
u.s.
116- 1580 -
661
VEHICLES - TRUCKS
Size 1/4- Ton 3/4- Ton
Title 4 x 4 Command Reconnaissance Truck 4 x 4 Weapons Carrier Truck
1 1/2- Ton 1 1/2- Ton 2 1/2- Ton
6 x 6 Cargo Truck 6 x 6 Truck 6 x 6 Truck
4- Ton
6 X 6 Truck
4- 5 Ton
4 X 4 Truck Tractor
5- Ton 5-6 Ton
4 x 2 Truck Tractor 4 x 4 Truck Tractor
6-Ton
6 X 6 Truck
6- Ton 7 1/2- Ton 10- Ton
10 x 6 Truck 6 x 6 Truck 6 x 4 Truck
P late No - Page
P late No - P age 116- 1250 -
617 _ _ 116- 1279 -
486
116- 1183 -
479 _ _ 116- 1297 -
207
116- 1183 116- 1576 116- 1273 116- 1575 116- 1574 116- 1581 116- 1574 116- 1581 116- 1574 116- 1574 116- 1581 116- 1574 116- 1581 116- 1578 116- 1574 116- 1574
479 591 926 590 589 593 589 593 589 589 593 589 593 592 589 589
_ _ 116- 1297 -
207
_ _ 116- 1574 -
589
_ _ 116- 1576 -
591
-
116- 1578 -
592
-
116- 1578 -
592
_
116- 1578 -
592
-
U.S. VEHICLES - AMPHIBIOUS (NAVY) Number
Plate No - Page
Title
Mark I
Landing Vehicle, Tracked _116- 1170 -
828
Mark II
Landing Vehicle, Tracked _ 116-1081 (Unarmored ) - LVT (2)
563 _
1135
Plate No - Page
116- 1087 -
202
U.S. VEHICLES - AMPHIBIOUS (NAVY ) Number Mark II Mar k IV
Mark IV Mark V DUKW 353 LCV (A) (1) LCVP LVT- H- 6 LVT-P- 5
Title Landing Vehicle, Tracked _ (Armored ) - LVT (A) (2) Landing Vehicle, Tracked _ (Unarmored ) - LVT ( 4)
Plate No - P age
P late No - P age
116- 1035 116- 1087 116- 1014 116- 1466 116- 1495 116- 1498 116- 1014 116- 1470 116- 1014 116- 1468 116- 1574 116- 1464
116- 1087 116- 1035 116- 1194 116- 1467 116- 1496
-
202 564 71 2 531 299
116- 1468 116- 1515 116- 1194 116- 1470
-
300 619 712 203
116- 1465 -
523
-
Landing Vehicle, Tracked (Armored ) - LVT (A) (4) Landing Vehicle, Tracked (Armored ) - LVT (A) ( 5) Truck, 2 1/2- Ton, 6 x 6 _ Landing Craft Vehicle Landing Craft, Vehicle, P ersonnel 116- 1464 Landing Vehicle, Tr acked, Howitzer 116- 1692 Landing Vehicle, Tracked Personnel 116- 1692 -
564 202 711 530 298 301 711 203 711 300 589 610 610 204 204
U.S. AIRCRAFT Title
P late No - P age
B - 24L Airplane - - - - - - - - - 116- 1758 -
968
C- 47 Aircraft - - - - - - - - - 116- 1609 -
867
J - N Twin Tractor Navy Seaplane (Curtiss ) - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1473 -
986 _
PB2Y- 3 Aircraft _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 116- 1770 -
962
PB4Y- 1 Air craft - - - - - - - - 116- 1722 116- 1773 PB4Y- 2 Aircraft - - - - - - - - 116- 1765 -
P late No - P age
116- 1475 -
532
965 969 964 _
116- 1766 116- 1771 116- 1769 -
961 970 971
PBJ-1 Aircraft - - - - - - - - - 116- 1764 -
966 -
116- 1774 -
967
PBM- 3C/- 3D/- 5 Aircraft - - - - - 116- 1767 -
963 _
116- 1770 -
962
PBN- 1 Navy Airplane - - - - - - - 116- 1482 -
265 _
116- 1485 -
267
1136
U.S. AIRCRAFT Plate No - P age
Title PV - 1/ - 2 Aircraft
116- 1766 -
961
PBY- 5 Navy Airplane
116- 1482 -
265 _
PBY- 5A Navy Airplane
116- 1490 -
289
SBD Aircraft
116- 1488 -
290
TBF/ - 1/ - 1C Aircraft
116- 1489 -
328 _
TBM- 1/ - 1C Aircraft
116- 1768 -
958
VOS Navy Aircraft
116-1481 -
263
VPB Navy Aircraft
116- 1481 -
263
VSO Navy Aircraft
116- 1481 -
263
VTB Navy Aircraft
116- 1481 -
263
BRITISH VEffiC LES
-
P late No - Page
116- 1490 -
289
116- 1768 -
958
ARMORED CARS Plate No - Page
Title
A.E.C. Marki(1942)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1277 A. E.C. Mark III (1942 )- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1277 -
178 178
Austin (19 17 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1371 -
149
Boarhound (19 42 ) (US T18E2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 116-1268 -
181
Cadillac (19 14 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
116- 1214 -
148
Coventry Mark I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1375 Coventry Mark 11- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1375 Coventry 4 x 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116-1375 -
180 180 180
Crossley (19 23 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 116-1369 Crossley (1929) 6 x 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116-1370 Crossley (1930) 6 x 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1220 -
153 154 155
Daimler Mark I CS - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 116-1277 Daimler Mark II (19 41 ) - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 116-1277 -
178 178
1137
BRITISH VEHICLES - ARMORED CARS Title
Plate No - Page
Delauney- Belleville (1915) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1372 -
150
Fiat (1915) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1214 -
148
Ford(1919)
116- 1214 -
148
Guy 6 x 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1370 Guy Mark I 116- 1189 Guy Mark lA 116- 1189 -
154 176 176
HumberMarki, AA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Humber Mark I Humber Mark II, Scout Car Humber Mark II Humber Mark ill ( 1941) Humber Mark IV
-
177 176 544 176 176 176
Lanchester (1914 ) 4 x 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1220 Lanchester (19 29 ) 6 x 4 116- 1220 -
155 155
Marmon- Herrington Marmon- Herrington Marmon-Herrington Marmon- Herrington Marmon- Herrington Marmon- Herrington Marmon- Herrington
-
179 179 179 179 179 179 179
Peerless (1917) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1372 -
150
Rolls Rolls Rolls Rolls
-
151 151 156 156
116- 1277 -
178
Seabrook (1915 )- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1214 -
148
Standard (1915 )_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1214 -
148
Straussler Straussler Straussler Straussler
153 153 153 153
Royce Royce Royce Royce
Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark
116- 1364 116- 1189 116- 1367 116- 1189 116- 1189 116- 1189
I - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1368 IT 116- 1368 ill 116- 1368 IV 116- 1368 IV (1940) Late Model 116-1368 V 116-1368 VI (1942) 116- 1368
(1914)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1373 (1911) No. 2641 116- 1373 (1920) 116- 1374 (1924) 116- 1374
Saracen(1953)
AC I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AC IT (1935) AC ill AC m D 1138
116- 1369 116- 1369 116- 1369 116- 1369
-
BRITISH VEHICLES - ARMORED CARS T itle
P late No - Page
StaghoundAA(US T17E2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1268 116-1270 Staghound Mark I (19 42 ) (US T17E1 ) Staghound Mark ll (US T17E1) 116- 1270 Staghound Mark lli (US T17E1) 116-1270
-
181 182 182 182
BRITISH VEHICLES - CRUISER TANKS Title
P late No - Page
P late No - Page
Cavalier (19 41 ) Cruiser Tank
116-1344 -
545
Centaur Centaur Centaur Centaur
116-1357 116- 1344 116- 1342 116-1342
78 545 77 - -116-1344 116-1344 77 -
Tank Tank, A27 Mark ill Mark IV
-
Centurion Mark I Centurion Mark ll
116-1358 116- 1358 -
35 35
Challenger Tank
116- 1357 -
78 - - 116-1358 -
Comet Mark I
116- 1358 -
35
Cromwell 31.36-Ton Tank Cromwell Mark I Cromwell Mark II Cromwell Mark lli Cromwell Mark IV Cromwell Mark V Cromwell Mark Vw Cromwell Mark VI Cromwell Mark VII Cromwell Mark VIIw Cromwell Mark VID
116-1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116- 1357 116-1357
-
78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78
Crusader Crusader Crusader Crusader Crusader Crusader Crusader
116- 1343 116- 1343 116- 1342 116- 1343 116- 1342 116- 1343 116- 1345
-
76 76 77 76 77 76 534 -
Mark I Mark II Mark AA II Mark ill (1942 ) Mark AA lli Mark IV Mark V (1937 )
1139
545 545
35
116- 1344 -
545
116-1343 -
76
BRITISH VEHICLES - CRUISER TANKS Title
Plate No - Page
Crusader Mark VI - - - - - - - - 116- 1343 Crusader Mark VI A 116- 1343 -
76 76
C.ruiser Cruiser Cruiser Cruiser Cruiser Cruiser
55 55 55 55 55 33
Tank Tank Tank Tank Tank Tank
A9 - - - - - - - - - 116- 1352 A10 116- 1352 A10 Mark IA 116- 1352 A10 CS Mark IA 116-1352 A13 116- 1352 Mark Vll 116- 1808
-
Plate No - Page
BRITISH VEHICLES - INFANTRY TANKS Title
Plate No - Page
Black Prince Infantry Tank of 1945 - - 116- 1356 Churchill Series: Mark I, II, IICS, ill, IV, V, VI, Vll, Vill, IX, IXLT, X, XLT, XI, XILT _ _ _ _ _ __ 116- 1354 Churchill Mark Vll - - - - - - - - 116- 1355 Churchill ARV Mark ll - - - - - - - 116- 1355 Churchill BARV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 116-1355 Churchill Bulls Horn - - - - - - - 116- 1355 Churchill Crocodile, Flame Thrower Tank - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1354 Churchill Canal Defense Light - - - - 116-1355 Churchill Snake - - - - - - - - - 116-1355
920
-
57 58 58 58 58
-
57 58 58
Mark I Infantry Tank - - - - - - - 116-1337 -
99
Matilda, Mark ll Infantry Tank (1939 ) -
116-1336 -
54 -
Valentine Tank Valentine Tanks: I, ll, ill, IV, VITI, IX, X, XI Valentine Duplex Drive Amphibious Tank Valentine Self-Propelled 17- PDR
116- 1277 -
178
116- 1353 -
56
116- 1353 116- 1353 -
56 56
Valiant Infantry Tank of 1945
116- 1356 -
1140
Plate No - Page
920
116- 1355 -
58
116- 1338 -
921
116- 1369 -
153
BRITISH VEHICLES - HEAVY TANKS P late No - Page
Title
"Independent" Heavy Tank, British (1925 ) - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1195 MarkV (1917 ) Female, HeavyTank _ Mark V (1917 ) Male, Heavy Tank Mark V (1917 ) Composite Heavy Tank Mark V* (1918 ) Heavy Tank Mark V** (1918 ) Heavy Tank Mark VIII (1917 ) Heavy Tank, British Model 43.5-Ton
116- 1339 116- 1339 116- 1339 116- 1340 116- 1340
-
116- 1040 116- 1042 -
Plate No - Page
24 19 19 19 20 20 684 ---- 116- 1041 - 683 21 116- 1292 - 1004
BRITISH VEHICLES - LIGHT TANKS Plate No - Page
Title
P late No - P age
Type A (1929 ) Six Ton Tank _ _ _ _ 116- 1351 Type B (1930 ) Six Ton Tank 116- 1351 -
101 101
Amphibious Light Tank (1930 ) - - - - 116- 1347 -
105
Carden- Loyd Convertible Tank - One Man 116- 1362 Carden- Loyd Patrol Type I - Two Man - 116-1363 Carden- Loyd Mark VI 116-1410 -
97 98 110
Crossley- Marte! Tank - One Man - - - 116- 1362 -
97
Light Tank of 1933 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1347 -
105
Mark I (1929 ) Light Tank Mark lA Light Tank Mark I AA Light Tank Mark II Light Tank Mark ll AA Light Tank Mark ill (1934 ) Light Tank Mark IV Light Tank Mark V (1934 ) Light Tank Mark VI Light Tank Mark VII " Tetrarch " Light Tank (1943)Mark VID " Harry Hopkins " Light Tank (1943 )
100 _ 116- 1363 100 108 100 108 106 106 106 108 - - 116- 1349 127
1141
116- 1333 116-1333 116-1346 116- 1333 116- 1346 116-1348 116-1348 116-1348 116- 1346 116-1350
-
116-1350 -
127
98
107
BRITISH VEHICLES - LIGHT TANKS Plate No - Page
Title
Morris- Martel Tank - One Man 116-1362 Morris- Martel Tank - Two Man - - - 116- 1363 Vickers- Armstrong 6-Ton Light Tank _ 116-1157 Vickers- Armstrong 6- Ton Type A 116- 1158 (Twin Turret ) Vickers- Carden- Loyd Amphibious Tank 116- 1152 Vickers- Carden- Loyd 2 Man Tank VI B 116- 1363 Vickers No. 2 Tank - 10- Ton 116- 1337
P late No - P age
97 98
-
103
-
102
-
198
-
98 99
Wasp, Flame Thrower (Mod. Bren Carrier ) - - - - - - - - - - - 116-1355 -
58
BRITISH VEHICLES - MEDIUM TANKS Title
Plate No - P age
P late No - P age
A7 Medium Tank A7E 1 Medium Tank A7E2 Medium Tank
116- 1148 116- 1336 116- 1336 -
53 116- 1336 54 _ _ 116- 1148 54 116- 1148 -
"General Grant" Medium Tank
116-1810 -
62
"General Lee" Medium Tank
116- 1810 -
62
"General Sherman" Medium Tank
116- 1816 -
70
"Grissly I" Canadian Medium Tank
116- 1816 -
70
Mark A Medium Tank (1916 ) Mark B Medium Tank (1917 ) M~rk C Medium Tank (1917 )
116- 1341 116-1341 116-1341 -
46 46 46
Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark
116- 1334 116- 1334 116- 1334 116- 1335 116- 1335 116- 1335 116- 1335
47 47 47 48 48 48 48
I Medium Tank I (MOD ) Medium Tank (1928 ) lA Medium Tank ll Medium Tank ITA Medium Tank (1925 ) ITA Special Medium Tank (1927 ) _ ITA (MOD ) Medium Tank (1932 ) -
1142
-
54 53 53
BRITISH VEHICLES - MEDIUM TANKS Plate No - Page
Title
Mark II* Medium Tank (1933 ) - - - - 116- 1335 Mark ill Medium Tank (1928 ) 116- 1148 116- 1336 Medium "C" Tank - - - - - - - - 116- 1332
-
48 53 54 50
Plate No - Page 116- 1149 -
27
FRENCH VEHICLES - ARMORED CARS Title
Plate No - P age
Berliet TVUDB Armored Car (1930) - - - - - - - - - 116- 1399 Berliet TVUM Armored Car (1930) - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1399 -
185 185
Panhard Armored Car - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1379 -
186
Peugot Armored Car (1915 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1398 -
157
Renault Armored Car (1929 )- - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1398 Renault Armored Car (1932 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1399 -
157 185
White Armored Car ( 1917 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
157
116- 1398 -
FRENCH VEHICLES - HALF TRACKS Title
Plate No - Page
(1919 ) Peugot Half Track - - - - - - - - - - - - (1922 ) Half Track (1926 ) Half Track (1927 ) Citron Half Track (1928 ) Half Track M29 Half Track Schneider 401 Armored Reconnaissance Car - Half Track
116-1160 116-1392 116-1392 116- 1392 116- 1392 116-1391 116-1391
-
189 190 190 190 190 191 191
FRENCH VEHICLES - SELF-PROPELLED Plate No - Page
Title
AMX 50 " FOCH " Self-Propelled 100mm Gun - - - - - - 116-1385 -
1143
135
FRENCH VEHICLES - HEAVY TANKS P late No - P age
Title Char B Heavy Tank - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Char 2C Heavy Tank Char 3C Heavy Tank (1926 ) Heavy Tank, 50- Ton (l950)
116- 1386 116- 1381 116- 1381 116- 1378
-
29 23 23 36
FRENCH VEHICLES - LIGHT TANKS Plate No - P age
Title
P late No - P age
E. V. Armored Tractor (1932 ) _ _ __ 116- 1389 -
109
FCM Light Tank (1934 ) - - - - - - 116- 1389 -
109
H35 Light Tank (1935 } - - - - - - 116- 1388 H39 Light Tank (1938 } - - - - - - 116- 1387 -
119 - 1 1 6- 1387 120
Light Tank 14- Ton (19 50 ) - - - - - - 116- 1378 -
36
Renault 2Man Light Tank (1916 ) _ __ 116- 1384 Renault Light Tank (1917 )- - - - - 116- 1383 Renault Light Tank (1923 )- - - - - 116- 1382 Renault Rubber Tracked Light Tank (1924 }- - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1384 Renault Light Tank (1926 )- - - - - 116- 1383 Renault NC1 Light Tank (1927 }- - - - 116- 1383 Renault NC2 Light Tank (1931 ) _ _ __ 116- 1383 Renault V. 0. Light Tank (1933 ) _ __ 116- 1383 Renault R35 Light Tank (1937 }- - - - 116- 1387
93 96 _ _ 116- 1034 45 _ 116- 1426 -
-
93 96 96 96 96 120
U.E. Armored Tractor (1931 }- - - - 116- 1389 -
109
120
682 116
FRENCH VEHICLES - MEDIUM TANKS P late No - Page
Title
Schneider C. A. Medium Tank (1916 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1380 -
44
St. Chamond Medium Tank (1916 )- - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1382 -
45
Somua 34 Medium Tank - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1390 -
59
1144
GERMAN VEHICLES Title
Plate No - Page
BW (Bataillonsfuhrer Wagen ) _ _ __
116- 1419 -
65
D. W. 1, Durchbruchswagen (1937) _ _ 116-1442 D. W. 2, Durchbruchswagen (1940) _ _ 116- 1442 -
34 34
German Armored Truck (c . 1912) _ _ 116- 1394 German LK ll of 1918 - - - - - - - 116- 1090 -
152 117
Kl. Pz. Bef. Wg. (Sd. Kfz. 265) _ _ 116- 1329 -
720
La. S. 100 of 1935 (Experimental Tank ) - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1414 -
911
Lynx (Pz . Sp. Wg. II Luchs) (Sd. Kfz. 123 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1414 -
911
Model K- 1 Tanks of 1934 _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1128 -
121
Panzerwerwerfer 42, (Sd. Kfz. N. W. 41)_ 116- 1441 -
489
Personnel Carrier Mannsch, KW. (Kfz. 70 )
116- 1443 -
509
Pz. Beob. Wg. Panther 0. P.
116-1078 -
725
116-1128 -
121 -
116-1414 -
911
116-1414 -
911 -
Pz. Kpfw. I (Sd. Kfz. 101 ) Models A&B Pz. Kpfw. II (Sd. Kfz. 121 ) Models a1, a2, a3, b & c Pz. Kpfw. II (Sd. Kfz. 121 ) Models A,B,C,D,E,F & L Pz. Kpfw. ll (F ) (Sd. Kfz. 122 ) Flame Thrower Pz. Kpfw. Ill (Sd. Kfz. 141 ) Models A,B,C, & D
Plate No - Page
-
720
116- 1415 -
63
116- 1329
116-1319 - 1009
Pz. Kpfw. Ill (Sd. Kfz. 141 ) ModelE _ Pz. Kpfw. Ill (Sd. Kfz. 141 ) Models F, G, H, J & L Pz. Kpfw. Ill (Sd. Kfz. 141 ) Models M&N Pz. Kpfw. lli (Sd. Kfz. 141 ) Flame Thrower Installation
116- 1311 116- 1416 116-1416 -
64 _ 912 912
116- 1075
-
739
116-1048 116-1417 -
721 913
116- 1416 -
912
116-1417 -
913
116-1319 - 1009
1145
GERMAN VEIDCLES Title Pz. Kpfw. IV (Sd. Kfz. 161 ) Model A _
Plate No - Page
Plate No - Page
1 t6 - 1419 116- 1418 -
65 _ 918
116- 1077 -
738
65 -
116- 1418 -
918
-
116- 1418 -
918
-
116- 1418 116- 1310 -
918 917
-
116- 1145 -
25
Pz. Kpfw. IV (Sd. Kfz. 161 ) Models B,C, & D - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1419 Pz. Kpfw. IV (Sd. Kfz. 161 ) Models F , F , G, H & J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1419 1 2 116- 1420 Pz. Kpfw. IV (Sd. Kfz. 161) ModelE _ 116- 1077 Pz. Kpfw. IV (Sd. Kfz. 161) Model F - 116- 1309 2 Pz. Kpfw. IV (Experimental ) 116- 1421 Pz. Kpfw. V (Nb. Fz. ) (1937 ) 116- 1195 116- 1196 Pz. Kpfw. VI (Nb. Fz. ) (1937) _ _ _ 116- 1195 116- 1196 Pz. Kpfw. "PANTHER" (Sd. Kfz. 171 ) Models A & G 116- 1078 P z. Kpfw. "PANTHER" (Sd. Kfz. 171 ) Model D 116- 1424 Pz. Kpfw. "TIGER" (Sd. Kfz. 181) ModelE 116- 1442 Pz. Kpfw. "TIGER" (Sd. Kfz. 182 ) Model B 116- 1442 Pz. Jag. 38, Hetzer, Tank Destroyer_ 116- 1536 Pz. Jag. Tiger (Sd. Kfz. 184) Ferdinand "Elefant" 116-1046 Pz. Jag. Tiger Ausf B (Sd. Kfz. 186) Jagdtiger 116- 1046 Pz. Jag. "PANTHER", Jagopanther __ 116- 1047 Reconnaissance Vehicle Pz. Berge, W. G. Panther (Sd. Kfz. 179) Sd. Kfz. 231 s. Pz. Sp. Wg. (8 Rad. ) _ Sd. Kfz. 232 s. Pz. Sp. Wg. (FV ) ( 8 Rad ) Sd. Kfz. 234/1 s. Pz. Sp. Wg. (5 cm) _ Sd. Kfz. 234/2 s . Pz . Sp. Wg. (5 cm) Sd. Kfz. 250/3 Sd. Kfz. 250/2/10 Sd. Kfz. 251/1/16 VK VK VK VK
-
65 914 738 916 915 24 26 24 26
_
116- 1145 -
25
-
725 _
116- 1424 -
919
-
919
-
34 -
116- 1072 -
722
-
34 -
116- 1072 -
722
116- 1536 -
546
116- 1419 -
65
-
546
-
132
-
132 724 _
116-1424 116-1430 -
919 175
116-1430 116- 1430 116- 1430 116- 1697 116- 1677 116- 1697
-
175 175 175 508 533 508
1601 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1415 1602 Light "Leopard" 116-1415 2001 116- 1419 3001 (19 41 ) 116- 1442 116-1424
-
63 63 65 34 919
1146
GERMAN VEHICLES Page P late No - ......______
Title VK 3002 Tank
VK 3601 VK 4501 (H ) Pz. Kpfw. VI (H ) (1941 )_ VK 4502 (P ) P orsche Type 180
VK 4501 (P ) Tiger VK 4503 VK 6501, SW. Pz. Kpfw. Vll
116- 1424 116- 1442 116- 1442 116- 1442 116- 1046 116- 1442 116- 1442
-
ZW Tank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1416 2 em. Flak. 38 Auf. Pz. Kpfw. IV (1943) Flak Pz. IF Wirbelwind (Whirlwind ) _ 7. 5 em. Pak. 39 (L/48) Auf. Pz. Jag IV (Sd.Kfz. 162 ) 7. 5 em. Stu. K. 42 (L/70) Auf Pz. Jag IV (Sd. Kfz. 162 ) 8. 8 em. Pak. 43/3 (L/71 ) Auf. Pz. Jag. IV 38 em. R. W. 61 Auf. Stu. Mrs. Tiger. Sturmmorser Tiger 38 CM. Rocket Projector 61 Assault Howitzer on Tiger Model E Chassis. 68 Tons (1944 )
P late No - Page
919 34 34 34 __ 116- 1082 132 34 34
726
912
116- 1047 -
724 _
116- 1080 -
723
116- 1080 -
723
116- 1080 -
723
116-1072 -
722
116- 1613 -
865
ITALIAN VEHICLES Plate No - Page
Title Ansaldo (1916 ) Ansaldo (1930 )
116-1406 116-1407 -
147 172
Bianchi Armored Car (c. 1914 )
116-1406 -
147
CA 11/39 Light Tank (1939 )
116-1412 116-1409 116- 1412 116-1412 116- 1412
-
66 805 66 66 66
116- 1412 116-1410 -
66 110
CA 13/40 Medium Tank CA 14/41 Medium Tank CA 15/42 Medium Tank CV 3- 33 Light Tank
1147
ITALIAN VEHICLES P late No - Page
Title
116- 1407 116- 1407 116- 1408 116- 1413 116- 1413 116- 1413 116- 1413
-
172 172 173 22 22 22 22
L 6/41 Semovente
116- 1411 -
133
M15/ 42 Command Tank
116- 1411 -
133
SVA Autoblinda (1940)
116- 1408 -
173
Fiat Fiat Fiat Fiat Fiat Fiat Fiat
501 Armored Car of 1929 604 Armored Personnel Carrier of 1929 6111 Armored Car of 1934 2000 Heavy Tank 3000 Light Tank 3000A Light Tank ( 19 25) 3000B of 1928
JAPANESE VEHICLES - ARMORED CARS Number
M2590 M2591 M2592 M2592 M2593
Title
P late No - P age
Dowa Armored Car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1451 Vickers- Crossly Type Armored Car 116- 1451 "SUMIDA" Armored Car 116- 1450 "SUMIDA" Armored Car 116- 1450 "KOKUSAN" Armored Car 116- 1448 "OSAKA" Armor ed Car 116- 1449 "SUMIDA" Armored Car 116- 1450
-
159 159 158 158 161 160 158
JAPANESE VEHICLES - LIGHT TANKS Number
Plate No - Page
Title
Type 2 Type 3 Type4 Type5 Type 98
"KETO" Light Tank "KERI" Light Tank "KENU" Light Tank "KEHO ., Light Tank "KEN!" Light Tank
116- 1429 116- 1425 116- 1429 116- 1429 116- 1429
-
115 114 115 115 115
M2592 M2593 M2594
Light Tank Light Tank Light Tank
116-1422 116- 1423 116- 1422 -
112 113 112
1148
JAPANESE VEIDCLES - LIGHT TANKS Number
Title
Plate No - Page
M2595 "KEGO" Light Tank - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1425 116- 1425 M2595 Mod. Light Tank M2597 Light Tank "TEKE" 116- 1426 116- 1422 Light Tank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116- 1425 M2599
114 114 116 112 114
JAPANESE VEIDCLES - MEDIUM TANKS Number
Plate No - Page
Title Anti- Aircraft Tank "TAHA"
116- 1433 -
68
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Gun Tank "HONI" Gun Tank ''HOI'' Gun Tank "HONI ill"
116- 1433 116-1433 116- 1433 -
68 68 68
Type Type Type Type
Medium Medium Medium Medium
116- 1433 116- 1433 116- 1439 116- 1439
-
68 68 69 69
116-1427 116- 1427 116- 1427 116- 1428 116- 1428 116-1432 116- 1432 116- 1432 - 116- 1427 116- 1427
-
51 51 51 52 52 67 67 67 51 51
1 3 4 5
M2589 M2589A M2589B M2592 M2594 M2597 M2597 Mod. M2597 Mod. Type K-3
Tank Tank Tank Tank
"CIDHE" "CIDNU" "CIDTO" "CHIRl"
Medium Tank Medium Tank Medium Tank Medium Tank Medium Tank Medium Tank "CIDHA" Medium Tank "CIDHO" Medium Tank "SHINHOTO CHIHA" Remote Control Tank "K- NIGO" Remote Control Tank "K-SANGO"
JAPANESE VEIDCLES - AMPHIBIOUS TANKS Number
No. A No. B
Plate No - Page
Title
Amphibian 37mm Tank - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1561 -
201
Amphibian Tank "IG0" - - - - - - - -- -116- 1445 Amphibian Tank "ROGO" 116- 1445 -
199 199
1149
JAPANESE VEHICLES - AMPHIDIOUS TANKS Number
Title
P late No - Page
Tank "KAMISHA" Tank "KACHISHA" Tank "KATSUSHA" Tank
116- 1446 116- 1446 116- 1446 116- 1445
-
200 200 200 199
Amphibian Tank
116- 1445 -
199
Amphibian Tank Amphibian Tank
116- 1445 116- 1445 -
199 199
Type2 Type3 Type 4 Type 97
Amphibian Amphibian Amphibian Amphibian
M2593 SRIT SRlli
SOVIET VEHICLES - AMPHIBIAN
Number BA T37 T40
Title
P late No - P age
Ford Amphibious Armored Car - - - - - - - 116- 1161 Amphibious Tank 116- 1152 Amphibious Light Tank 116- 1154 -
197 198 111
SOVIET VEHICLES - ARMORED CARS Number
BA-7 BA-27 BA-32 BA- 64
Plate No - Page
Title Austin A Soviet Armored Car Fiat A Soviet Armored Car Garford A Soviet Armored Car Soviet Scout Car (1930), 3. 5- Ton Armored Car (19 27 ) 4. 5- Ton 7. 7- Ton Car Armored Car Mod. Austin Armored Cars (19 15 ) (half- track ) _
116- 1168 116- 1168 116- 1168 116- 1166 116- 1167 116-1167 116- 1639 116- 1160
-
146 146 146 168 169 169 170 189
SOVIET VEHICLES - SELF- PROPELLED GUNS Number
su 76 su 85
Plate No - Page
Title
Self- propelled Gun - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1164 Self- propelled Gun 116- 1164 -
1150
134 134
SOVIET VEinCLES - SELF- PROPELLED GUNS Number
Title
Plate No - Page
--
su 100 su 152
Self- propelled Gun Self- propelled Gun
JSU 122
Self- propelled Gun
116- 1164 116- 1164 116- 1171 116- 1164 116- 1171
-
134 134 643 134 643
SOVIET VEinCLES - HEAVY TANK Number
Plate No - Page
Title
JS I
Big Wheel Tank (1915) Heavy Tank
JS II JSID
Heavy Tank Heavy Tank
KV(KB)
Heavy Tank
T28
Heavy Tank
T35 T35A T35C
Heavy Tank Heavy Tank Heavy Tank
116- 1162 116- 1298 116- 1162 116-1162 116-1171 116-1144 116- 1298 116-1148 116-1147 116- 1145 116-1145 116-1145
-
Plate No - Page
116- 1169 81 _ _ 116- 1299 936 81 - - 116- 1163 81 _ 116- 1163 643 30 116- 1299 936 116- 1153 53 116- 1149 28 25 25 25
-
145 733
-
82 82
-
733 937 27
SOVIET VEHICLES - LIGHT TANKS Number
Plate No - Page
Title
MSI MS IIA MSII M23 T26 T26A
(1927 ) Version Light Tank Light Tank Light Tank (T18 ) (1928 ) 7. 5-Ton Light Tank (1923 ) (Mod. Renault ) Tank Tank
T26B T26B
Light Tank, Early Model Light Tank, Late Model
T26W T26W1
Light Tank Light Tank
1151
116-1159 116-1159 116- 1159 116-1159 116-1155 116- 1158 116-1156 116-1157 116-1158 116-1155 116- 1158 116-1158
-
95 95 95 95 104 102 699 103 102 104 102 102
SOVIET VEIDC LES - LIGHT TANKS Number T33 T40 T60
Title
Plate No - Page
Light Tank - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1154 Light Tank 116- 1154 Light Tank _ 116- 1154 -
111 111 111
SOVIET VEHICLES - MEDIUM TANKS Number
Title
BT T34
Medium Tank Medium Tank
T34
Medium Tank (North Korean ) Medium Tank Medium Tank
R34 R37
Plate No - Page 116- 1198 116- 1151 116- 1424 116- 1300
-
116- 1198 116- 1150 116- 1150 -
938 _ 75 _ 919 939
Plate No - Page 116- 1146 116- 1301 116- 1198 -
73 732 938
938 74 74
SOVIET AIRCRAFT Title
Plate No - Page
IL-2 Stormovik - - - - - - - - - - - - 116-1790 IL-10 Stormovik 116-1790 -
527 527
SWEDISH VEHICLES Number L10 L30 L30A L60 L60A L60B L60C L60D
Title Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light
Plate No - Page
Tank (1921) Tank, 10-Ton Tank, 11- Ton Tank, 13-Ton Tank, 8- Ton Tank, (1934 ) Tank (1935) Tank (1938) Tank ( 1941 )
116- 1090 116- 1090 116-1090 116-1090 116-1092 116-1092 116-1092 116-1092 116-1092
1152
-
117 117 117 117 118 118 118 118 118
SWEDISH VEIDC LES Number L100 L- 185
Title
Plate No - P age
Light Tank, 3. 5- Ton - - - - - - - - - - - 116- 1090 Armored Car 116- 1092 -
117 118
OTHER FOREIGN VEHICLES Country
Title
Plate No - P age
AUSTRIAN
ADGZ of 1934
116- 1377 -
171
ClflNESE
T16 Light Tank ( CTLS- 4 TAC )
116- 1331 -
125
CZECH
P. A. 1 Armored Car of 1921 P. A. 2 Armored Car of 1923 P . A. 3 Armored Car of 19 27
116- 1403 116- 1403 116- 1403 -
167 167 167
SOUTH AFRICAN
Marmon- Herrington Armored Car, Mark I, II, ill, IV, V , VI
116- 1368 -
179
1153
BIBLIOGRAPHY TITLE
AUTHOR
Angriff mit Kampfwagen
Spannenkrebs
Armor (Periodical)
Armor Association
DATE
SOURCE
1939
Library of Congress UG 446. 5. S65
Artillery through the Ages. U.S. GPO
1949
Dept. of Army Pamphlet Historical Study: Guide to Writing of American Military History
1951
NO 20 - 200
Design Record, Canadian Developed Military Ve hicles, World War II Vol. I - IV
Dir. of Motor Veh. Dev. QM- Gen. Br.
Dit deutsche Panzer wn.ff~, ein Bilderwerk
Generalinspekteur der Panzertruppen
1942
Library of Congress UG 446.5 G45
The Fighting Tanks Since 1916
leks, Rarey, Jones
1933
Los Angeles Library 623.43 J 78F
DVD, Canada
Handbook of Combat Vehicle Engineering
APG Library 623.43 or 12 C2
Handbook of Ordnance Automotive Engineering Vols . 1 and 2 . Vol. 1 = Combat & Track Laying Vehicles Vol. 2 = Wheel Transport Vehicles Illustrated Record of German Army Eqpt. 1939-1945, Vol. ITI, Armored Fighting Vehicles.
British Intelligence Report
1155
1944
APG Library 623.43 or 12 Vol. I and II
1947
Army Library Pentagon, Annex 2
BIBLIOGRAPHY TITLE
AUTHOR
DATE
SOURCE
In the Wake of the Tank
Martel
MG Mounts, Development, Production and Procure ment, Cal. . 30 and Cal. . 50, 1917 to 1945. Vol. I of II
Small Arms Division Industrial Service Office - Chief of Ordnance, ASF, Washington, D.C.
1945
Office, Chief of Ordnance, Historical Branch ORDGX, Pentagon Annex 2
The Machine Gun Vols. I, II, etc.
George M. Chinn Lt. Col. USMC
1951
Prepared for Bu Ord, USN .
Prepared by: Small Arms Div., Industrial Service Office, Chief of Ordnance, ASF, Washington, D.C.
1945
Office, Chief of Ord. Pentagon Annex #2 Washington, D. C.
Machine Gun Mounts, Vol. 2 of 2 - History of Calibers . 30 and .50 1917- 1945.
Prepared by: Small Arms Div., Industrial Service Office, Chief of Ordnance, ASF, Washington, D.C.
1945
Office, Chief of Ord. Pentagon Annex #2 Washington D. C.
Mechanical Traction in War
Lt. Col. von Layriz
1900
(a)
Machine Gun Mounts, Vol. 1 or 2 . "Develop ment, Production and Procurement of Cals. .30 & .50 1917 - 1945" (b)
ORD 3 SNL A-1 Sec. 1 and 2
Sec. 1, 1952 Sec. 2, 1948
Ordnance Major Items and Major Combinations and Pertinent Publications - SB9 - 1
1952
Ordnance Pamphlet 865, 2nd Revision. Aviation Ordnance Equip. Catalog
1944
Navy
1156
BIBLIOGRAPHY TITLE
AUTHOR
DATE
SOURCE
Royal Tank Corps Journal (British) SR 310-20-4 Military Publications Index of TM, TR, TB, SB, LB, MWB, TOE, RT, TA, TO, TE.
1951
Ord. Corps
The Tank Corps
Williams-Ellis
Tanks
Kruger
Tanks and Armored Vehicles
Lt. Col. Robt. J. leks
1945
DA Library #623 .1-I-484
Tanks are Mighty Fine Things
Wesley W. Stout
1946
Los Angeles Library 623. 43 5889t
Taschenbuch der Panzer, 1943 bis 1954
von General Dr. E. von Senger und Etterlin
1954
J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, Miinchen
Taschenbuch der Tanks, Teil I, Teil n
Major Fritz Heigl
1935
Library of Congress UG 446. 5.H44
"The Tools of War"
James R. Neuman
1942
TP AKTOPIIC TY II WO ~ EPY 0 TAHKAX
TRAKTORISTU I SHOEFEZUI
1949
Tracks for Fighting Vehicles
E. W. E. Micklewait
1944
C. R. Kutz
1940
U. S. Army in World War II (Three volumes pictorial record) . "War on Wheels"
1157
Library of Congress UG 446. 5.B5
