What is Interrupts? Discuss Different Types of Interrupts.

1.. What is Interrupt? Discuss different types of Interrupts? Ans. Interrupt:- Interrupt is a signal or event inside a computer system, due to which the CPU temporarily

suspends the current program execution and starts executing another program related to t he Suspends.

Charateristics:- There are few characteristics on Interrupt those are— are — i.An Interrupt is used to cause a temporary halt in the execution execution of program. program. ii.The meaning of ‘interrupts’ is to break the sequence of operations. o iii. Interrupt is a signal which has priority. o  Interrupt Concept:- While the Microprocessor is executing a program, an ‘interrupt’ breaks the normal sequence of execution of instructions, diverts its execution to some other program called Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). After executing ISR, IRET returns the control back again to the main program. o

USES OF INTERRUPTS:- There are many need and uses of Interrupts which are— are—    

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Input/Output data transfers for peripheraldevices. peripheraldevices. Emergency situations like power down. Input signals to be be used used for timing purposes. Event driven programs. Real time response applications and inmultitasking system. system.

Types of Interrupts:  Although interrupts have highest priority than other signals, there are many type of interrupts but basic type of interrupts are 1. Hardware Interrupts: If Interrupts: If the signal for the processor is from external device or hardware is called hardware interrupts. Example: from keyboard we will press the key to do some action this pressing of key in keyboard will generate a signal which is given to the processor to do action, such interrupts are called hardware interrupts. Hardware interrupts can be classified into two types they are int errupts which can be delayed when a much highest priority interrupt Maskable Interrupt: The Interrupt: The hardware interrupts has occurred to the processor. Non Maskable Interrupt: The Interrupt: The hardware which cannot be delayed and should process by the processor immediately. 2. Software Interrupts: Software Interrupts: Software interrupt can also divided in to two types. They are Normal Interrupts:  Interrupts:  the interrupts which are caused by the software instructions are called software instructions. Exception:  Exception:  unplanned interrupts while executing a program is called Exception. For example: while executing a program if we got a value which should be divided by zero is called a exception. 

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Classification of Interrupts According to Periodicity of Occurrence: 1. Periodic Interrupt: If Interrupt: If the t he interrupts occurred at fixed interval in timeline then that interrupts are called periodic interrupts 2. Aperiodic Interrupt: If Interrupt: If the occurrence of interrupt cannot be predicted then that interrupt is called aperiodic interrupt. Classification of Interrupts According to the Temporal Relationship with System Clock: 1. Synchronous Interrupt: The Interrupt: The source of interrupt is in phase to the system clock is called synchronous interrupt. In other words interrupts which are dependent on the system clock. Example: Example: timer service that uses the system clock. 2. Asynchronous Interrupts:  Interrupts:  If the interrupts are independent or not in phase to the system clock is called asynchronous asynchronous interrupt.

Types of Interrupts Generally there are three types o Interrupts those are Occurred For Example 1) External Interrupt. 2) Internal Interrupt. 3) Software Interrupt.

The External Interrupt occurs Interrupt  occurs when any Input and Output Device request for any Operation and the CPU will Execute that instructions first For Example When a Program is executed and when we move the Mouse on the Screen then the CPU will handle this External interrupt first and after that he will resume with his Operation. Operation. The Internal Interrupts are Interrupts  are those which are occurred due to Some Problem in the Execution For Example  When a user performing any Operation Operation which contains any Error and which contains any type of Error. Error. So that Internal Internal Interrupts are those which are occurred by the Some Operations or by Some Instructions and the Operations those are not Possible but a user is trying for that Operation. The Software Interrupts are Interrupts  are those which are made some call to the System for Example while we are Processing Some Instructions and when we wants to Execute one more Application Programs.

2..Difference Between Microprocessor and Microprogram. Ans. A microprocessor is the brain of the computer that incorporates all the functions of a computer's central processing unit on an integrated circuit on a chip and A microprocessor is the brain of the computer that incorporates all the functions of a computer's central processing unit on an integrated circuit on a chip. Microprocessors differ from a micro program in many aspects. Consider the following table:

SN 1 2 3 4

Microprocessor Microprocessor Microprocessorr is an integrated circuit on a Microprocesso chip. Microprocessorr is most often used to design Microprocesso computer such as laptops and desktops. Microprocessorr consists of number of micro Microprocesso programs. It interfaces with the clock, memory and input and output.

Micro program Micro program is the software component of a processor. These are the commands which let the system to carry basic instructions. Micro programs are the components of all computer micro processors. This stored-program logic substitutes for hardwired control circuitry.